Tesis sobre el tema "Prise de décision coopérative"
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Orvoen, Hadrien. "Expressions faciales émotionnelles et Prise de décisions coopératives". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0032/document.
Texto completoFor few decades, rational choice theories failed to properly account for cooperative behaviors. This was illustrated by social dilemmas, games where a self-motivated individual will be tempted to exploit others' cooperative behavior, harming them for his own personal profit. I will first detail how cooperation may rise as a reasonable --- if not rational --- behavior, provided that we consider social interactions in a more realistic context that rational choice theories initially did. From anthropology to neurobiology, cooperation is understood as an efficient adaptation to this natural environment rather than a quirky, self-defeating behavior. Because pertinent information is often lacking or overwhelming, too complex or ambiguous to deal with, it is essential to communicate, to share, and to trust others. Emotions, and their expression, are a cornerstone of humans' natural and effortless navigation in their social environment. Smiles for instance are universally known as a signal of satisfaction, approbation and cooperation. Like other emotional expressions, they are automatically and preferentially treated. They elicit trust and cooperative behaviors in observers, and are ubiquitous in successful collaborative interactions. Beside that however, few is known about how others' expressions are integrated into decision making. That was the focus of the experimental study I relate in this manuscript. More specifically, I investigated how decisions in a trust-based social dilemma are influenced by smiles which are either displayed along a cooperative or defective behavior (``congruently'' and ``incongruently'', resp.). I carried out two experiments where participants played an investment game with different computerized virtual partners playing the role of trustees. Virtual trustees, which were personalised with a facial avatar, could either take and keep participants investment, or reciprocate it with interests. Moreover, they also displayed facial reactions, that were either congruent or incongruent with their computerized ``decision'' to reciprocate or not. Even if the two experiments presented some methodological differences, they were coherent in that they both showed that participants were altered in remembering a virtual trustee's behavior if the latter expressed incongruent emotions. This was observed from participants' investments in game, and from their post-experimental explicit reports. If many improvements to my experimental approach remain to be done, I think it already completes the existing literature with original results. Many interesting perspectives are left open, which appeal for a deeper investigation of face-to-face decision making. I think it constitutes a theoretical and practical necessity, for which researchers will be required to unify the wide knowledge of the major cognitive functions which was gathered over the last decades
Altché, Florent. "Prise de décision et planification de trajectoire pour les véhicules coopératifs et autonomes". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM061/document.
Texto completoThe deployment of future self-driving vehicles is expected to have a major socioeconomic impact due to their promise to be both safer and more traffic-efficient than human-driven vehicles. In order to live up to these expectations, the ability of autonomous vehicles to plan safe trajectories and maneuver efficiently around obstacles will be paramount. However, motion planning among static or moving objects such as other vehicles is known to be a highly combinatorial problem, that remains challenging even for state-of-the-art algorithms. Indeed, the presence of obstacles creates exponentially many discrete maneuver choices, which are difficult even to characterize in the context of autonomous driving. This thesis explores a new approach to motion planning, based on using this notion of driving decisions as a guide to give structure to the planning problem, ultimately allowing easier resolution. This decision-based motion planning approach can find applications in cooperative driving, for instance to coordinate multiple vehicles through an unsignalized intersection, as well as in autonomous driving where a single vehicle plans its own trajectory. In the case of cooperative driving, decisions are known to correspond to the choice of a relative ordering for conflicting vehicles, which can be conveniently encoded as a graph. This thesis introduces a similar graph representation in the case of autonomous driving, where possible decisions -- such as overtaking the vehicle at a specific time -- are much more complex. Once a decision is made, planning the best possible trajectory corresponding to this decision is a much simpler problem, both in cooperative and autonomous driving. This decision-aware approach may lead to more robust and efficient motion planning, and opens exciting perspectives for combining classical mathematic programming algorithms with more modern machine learning techniques
Wawrzyniak, Clément. "La gestion d’un référentiel commun en situation coopérative de prise de décision : le cas du binôme hospitalier médecin-pharmacien en réunion de révision médicamenteuse". Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S042.
Texto completoThis thesis has two distinct objectives. The first is to characterize the medication review process (MRev) from an ergonomics perspective to value and ease its deployment at the hospital. Although there are only rare descriptions of the MRev process in the literature, a few recent French initiatives have shown the MRev as an appropriate response to maximize the patient security. The main results consist of a detailed analysis of the MRev process at the hospital and a set of recommendations for the actors involved in its development at the operational, tactical and strategic levels. The second objective is more theoretical and consists in refining our understanding of cooperative activities within a group in a dynamic decision-making situation, and more specifically in a horizontal, integrative and debatable cooperation. This work especially raises the issue of the concept of common frame of reference. This concept is central in Ergonomics, but its definition and usage are often left up to the readers. To our knowledge, using a similar theoretical and methodological framework, our work is the first to obtain a significant rate of metacooperative activities in this context. The results also prove that the management of a common frame of reference can be defined as an activity dedicated to ensure the compatibility between the partners' cognitive contents more than their strict identity
Sebagh, Thierry. "Coopération et décisions collectives". Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32004.
Texto completoThe public choice analysis is a criticism of collective decision mechanisms as well as a solution to these inefficiences. The issue laid off and the given solution hinge on the definition of rules. The latter may be efficient or not whether agents do respect them or not. If results are inefficient, we should conclude agents do not cooperate, while the very existence of collective decision rules assumes cooperation. As a result, either positive or normative aspects of public choice analysis have to be rejected. Coperation would be a trivial conclusion if results were efficient. However, whether collective decision mechanisms aim at defining a common preference or pooling ressources for a common production, agents can not be induced to cooperate because a rational action implies a strategic behavior. The public choice analysis assumes a constitutional definition of rules could be a solution to the lack of cooperation. Cooperation would be achieved through contract. Nonetheless, whatsoever the decision rule, majority or dictatorship, agents behave non-cooperatively. In either cases, they invest ressources to alter the distribution of incomes. Individual welfare diminishes. As a result, agents choose rules not to comply with them. Unless they act irrationnaly, this proposal is not valid. The cooperative foundations of collective decisions are still a puzzle. In fact, compliance with rules has to be integrated in a larger framework : the nature of interests. Only if they have complementary interests, agents naturally cooperate. Under this assumption, agents buildup coalitions to give information to their competitors about their complementarity degree
Djeghaba, Messaoud. "Problèmes de décision dans une cellule de production utilisant la coopération entre robots". Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10010.
Texto completoCornée, Simon. "Incertitude, coopération et intermédiation financière : relation de long terme, production du savoir idiosyncrasique et prise de décision dans la banque solidaire". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G006.
Texto completoAdla, Abdelkader. "Aide à la Facilitation pour une prise de Décision Collective : Proposition d'un Modèle et d'un Outil". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00514908.
Texto completoMartens, Johannes. "L' évolution des organisations biologiques : vers une théorie unifiée de la coopération et du conflit". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010737.
Texto completoCouret, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude des comportements et des règles de gestion des coopératives vinicoles à l'aide de l'analyse systémique de la décision et de l'information". Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40006.
Texto completoThe members of cooperatives have a preference for one of the two basic goals of their organization: that is to say the maximization of the price of their contributions and the maximization of the economical and financial efficiency of the cooperative. A survey, which was carried out in 19 wine cooperatives in the region of bordeaux, shows that the coefficient of correlation between the "shared value", the accounting measure of the price of the contributions, and an index of efficiency calculated from 7 economical and financial criteria, is negative and even more so when the 4 highest performing cooperatives are excluded from the calculation, because the sharing out of surplus is more conflicting when the surplus is less. Among 25 decisions concerning general functioning, marketing, equipment and relations between members, the thesis identifies 12 conflicting decisions which have a significant and opposing effect on both the shared value and the index of efficiency. Among them, 7 concern marketing strategy: the cooperatives, which have developed direct commercialization in bottle, favour the shared value. So there is no agency relation. The cooperators manage to impose their interest on the managers, all the more so because the managers are also motivated by the direct commercialization in bottle, which provides them with independence, power, higher pay and, at the same time, diversifies their occupations in the cooperative. This convergence of goals is partial, because the bad efficiency resulting from direct commercialization sanctions marketing decisions and leads the managers actively to argue for a more balanced distribution of the surplus. The study of the wine cooperatives in the region of bordeaux also shows that the sum of members interests is maximized when the economical and financial efficiency of the cooperative is favoured. Furthermore comes the asymmetry of information less from bad communication of the relevant information to the cooperators than from the inability of the cooperators to deal with it through lack of training
Huynh, Thi Ngoc Vân. "L’externalisation de la fonction comptable : une analyse processuelle de la décision et de la gestion". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12012/document.
Texto completoTo understand why and how the company outsources its accounting activities is the object of our research. This issue will be discussed in two parts: - Part I: The decision of outsourcing the accounting function (why); - Part II: Management of outsourcing the accounting function (how). In the first part, we propose a framework for analyzing the decision of outsourcing. This framework is based on the complementarity of the three theories of organization such as the theory of transaction costs, the resource-based view and the neo-institutional theory. We explain the factors that lead a company to outsource their accounting function: strategy for reducing costs, refocusing on the core of business and the search for legitimacy. We provide the criteria for selecting outsourceable activities: strategic importance, cost, quality and compatibility. We note the impact of the phase before the decision (the prior knowledge, culture), the role of hierarchy and the desire of the leader. In the second part, we propose a framework for management the post decision-making process. This framework is based on the dominant theories of inter organizational relationship: the transactional approach, the relational exchange approach and the dependence approach. We believe that the key to a successful outsourcing of the accounting function depends on the balancing management of different interfaces, the development of trust, the learning and the strategy of interdependence. The aim is to build analytical frameworks helping the company make the decision on the organization's accounting function and manage its outsourcing. We use process approach and case studies to observe and analyze all the processes of outsourcing the accounting function (decision making, implementation, monitoring and end of contract)
Antolin, Patricia. "Le développement des compétences à la coopération dans la formation à la prise de décision distribuée hiérarchisée : le cas de la formation continue à la gestion opérationnelle des officiers supérieurs sapeurs pompiers". Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082694.
Texto completoThe research consisted to identify collective activity indicators of efficiency. Context of the study is the training for the development of hierarchised distributed decision making competencies of superiors officers fire-fighters. Results of tutorial activity analyses associated to those issued from systematic analyse of a scenario of simulation constitued the”ontology” of a support instructor tool. Collective activities have been studied on basis of communications exchanged between officers playing a team in a CP and the operational responsible engaged in a risky situation management. Analyses have been conducted in the frame of two critical episods including shared activities of mental representations knowed in the domain as efficiency criteria of cooperation. The first one is an “ ascending power” including a relief of commandement, the second, a “problem solving” situation. Fines analyses of collective activity made raised specific elements of quality of collective dimension of hierarchised distributed decision making competencies
Ngo, Ha Nhi. "Apprentissage continu et prédiction coopérative basés sur les systèmes de multi-agents adaptatifs appliqués à la prévision de la dynamique du trafic". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES043.
Texto completoLe développement rapide des technologies matérielles, logicielles et de communication des systèmes de transport ont apporté des opportunités prometteuses et aussi des défis importants pour la société humaine. Parallèlement à l'amélioration de la qualité des transports, l'augmentation du nombre de véhicules a entraîné de fréquents embouteillages, en particulier dans les grandes villes aux heures de pointe. Les embouteillages ont de nombreuses conséquences sur le coût économique, l'environnement, la santé mentale des conducteurs et la sécurité routière. Il est donc important de prévoir la dynamique du trafic et d'anticiper l'apparition des embouteillages, afin de prévenir et d'atténuer les situations de trafic perturbées, ainsi que les collisions dangereuses à la fin de la queue d'un embouteillage. De nos jours, les technologies innovatives des systèmes de transport intelligents ont apporté des ensembles de données diverses et à grande échelle sur le trafic qui sont continuellement collectées et transférées entre les dispositifs sous forme de flux de données en temps réel. Par conséquent, de nombreux services de systèmes de transport intelligents ont été développés basé sur l'analyse de données massives, y compris la prévision du trafic. Cependant, le trafic contient de nombreux facteurs variés et imprévisibles qui rendent la modélisation, l'analyse et l'apprentissage de l'évolution historique du trafic difficiles. Le système que nous proposons vise donc à remplir les cinq composantes suivantes d'un système de prévision du trafic : textbf{analyse temporelle, analyse spatiale, interprétabilité, analyse de flux et adaptabilité à plusieurs échelles de données} pour capturer les patterns historiques de trafic à partir des flux de données, fournir une explication explicite de la causalité entrée-sortie et permettre différentes applications avec divers scénarios. Pour atteindre les objectifs mentionnés, nous proposons un modèle d'agent basé sur le clustering dynamique et la théorie des systèmes multi-agents adaptatifs afin de fournir des mécanismes d'apprentissage continu et de prédiction coopérative. Le modèle d'agent proposé comprend deux processus interdépendants fonctionnant en parallèle : textbf{apprentissage local continu} et textbf{prédiction coopérative}. Le processus d'apprentissage vise à détecter, au niveau de l'agent, différents états représentatifs à partir des flux de données reçus. Basé sur le clustering dynamique, ce processus permet la mise à jour continue de la base de données d'apprentissage en s'adaptant aux nouvelles données. Simultanément, le processus de prédiction exploite la base de données apprise, dans le but d'estimer les futurs états potentiels pouvant être observés. Ce processus prend en compte l'analyse de la dépendance spatiale en intégrant la coopération entre les agents et leur voisinage. Les interactions entre les agents sont conçues sur la base de la théorie AMAS avec un ensemble de mécanismes d'auto-adaptation comprenant textbf{l'auto-organisation}, textbf{l'autocorrection} et textbf{l'auto-évolution}, permettant au système d'éviter les perturbations, de gérer la qualité de la prédiction et de prendre en compte les nouvelles informations apprises dans le calcul de la prédiction. Les expériences menées dans le contexte de la prévision de la dynamique du trafic évaluent le système sur des ensembles de données générées et réelles à différentes échelles et dans différents scénarios. Les résultats obtenus ont montré la meilleure performance de notre proposition par rapport aux méthodes existantes lorsque les données de trafic expriment de fortes variations. En outre, les mêmes conclusions retirées de différents cas d'étude renforcent la capacité du système à s'adapter à des applications multi-échelles
DE, MEDEIROS EGBERTO. "Analyse des mécanismes de résolution de problèmes en vue de la conception d'un outil coopératif d'aide à la prise de décision : le cas du dialogue par téléphone". Paris, CNAM, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CNAM0149.
Texto completoPedrozo, Eugenio Avila. "Cadre conceptuel pour le management des coopératives agricoles : l'économie des conventions, la systématique et la complexité". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01751661.
Texto completoBenerink, Niek. "Playing pong together : a new experimental paradigm to study social coordination in a doubles interception task". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0631/document.
Texto completoWe studied the way two individuals coordinate their actions in order to intercept an approaching ball by moving individually-controlled paddles along a common interception-axis in a video game-like doubles interception task. With contact between paddles leading to their immediate disintegration, the doubles-pong task required team members to decide on each trial who would be the one to actualize the interception. Because overt communication was precluded, these decisions were informed exclusively by vision of the on-screen movements of paddles and ball. In three experiments, manipulating initial conditions (i.e., initial paddle positions) and individual skill differences within teams, we examined how teams organized their joint interception behavior. Results revealed that all teams spontaneously demonstrated a division of labor, characterized by individual interception domains separated by fuzzy (i.e., overlapping) boundaries. While boundary locations could vary over teams within a given experimental condition, they were nevertheless systematically affected for each team by initial paddle positions. Skill differences between individual team members did not appear to have such an effect. An action-based definition of the (time-evolving) expediency with which each player moved towards the future interception position allowed predicting which of the two players would end up intercepting the ball and which would abandon the interception attempt. Overall, our studies suggest that the decision of who will intercept the ball emerges from an informational coupling between team members, with the division of space being an emergent result
Essabbar, Driss. "Modélisation et analyse du déséquilibre décisionnel dans les réseaux d'entreprises et son impact sur les relations de collaboration". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0097.
Texto completoBeing a menber of a network offers the company a place, s space for exchange and progression. This is a way to develop its expertise and distinguish it from other competitors. Effective collaboration established betqeen companies is primarily based on mutual trust. under the terms of the partnership contracted, benefits or risks can therefore be shared, which results in a xin-win relationship. on the contrary, unless the stakeholders have taken into account the powerful effects of these collaborations, thez may find themselves in uncomfortable situation. The analysis of the imbalance of powers of the partners in a network is a pertinent methodological key to understanding the behavior of each member and its influence on the global functioning of network. A powerful actor may impose unfavorable contions to its suppliers, or even customers Il a company overestimates or underestimates its power, il could affact its ability to negotiate with the supplier or the customer. In this context, our xork intends mainly to contribute to the development of a basic study of power. We propose an anlysis framework allowing a company to understand the power in order to reduce the negative impact of power imbalance. Additionally, we develop a situational analysis method with a vezwq to assisting managers in collaborative situations to predict their plausible strategies and tactics. We also provide a method to evaluate the relative power between two actors on the basis of dependency. Validation of our results research on power comes from interviews conductef in four high tech sector companies in Morocco. Thus, the results of our research aim to contribute to the understanding of the theoretical and empirical issues of power
Mérand, Johanna. "Fiabilisation des décisions de conduite en salle de commande d'une centrale nucléaire : le rôle de l’argumentation dans la résolution collective de problèmes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS023.
Texto completoThis work examines the team problem solving during the supervision of a dynamic and high risk process (nuclear power plant) in simulated degraded mode operation. In the studied situations, operating crews must develop complex diagnoses, adjust the requirements to the specifics of the situation and solve issues associated with the technical system’s behavior. The defended position is that argumentation developed during the problem solving and involvement of crew members contribute to the reliability of the decision process. The organizational arrangements and the level of the process-specific knowledge held by each crew member would affect the argumentative process. Four studies have been conducted on a full scale simulator of a controlroom of a future nuclear reactor where operating crews of 4 or 5 members are training on emergency operation simulations. These studies are based on open and systematic observations of the activity, on a thorough analysis of verbal communication between crew members and on a multidisciplinary assessment of diagnoses and decisions. Results show a more evenly distributed communication in crews of 5 members, where operators responsible for operating actions provide more critical feedback on the situation. If the argumentation does not seem to influence the performance of the team in observed situations, the results allow characterizing the argumentative activity of the crews. This is performed using a theoretical model developed to articulate argumentation and supervision in dynamic situations models
Haffoudhi, Houda. "Analyse économique des négociations environnementales internationales et application au problème de changement climatique". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010007.
Texto completoGzara, Mariem. "Méthode coopérative d'aide multicritère à l'ordonnancement flou". Lille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL10117.
Texto completoBenloucif, Mohamed Amir. "Coopération homme-machine multi-niveau entre le conducteur et un système d'automatisation de la conduite". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0012/document.
Texto completoThe recent technological breakthroughs in the actuation, perception and artificial intelligence domains herald a new dawn for driving assistance and highly automated driving. However, in a context where the automation remains imperfect and prone to error, it is crucial to ensure that the automated driving system maintains the driver’s situation awareness in order to be able to successfully and continuously supervise the system’s actions. At the same time, the system must be able to ensure the safety of the vehicle and prevent the driver’s actions that would compromise his safety and that of other road users. Therefore, it is essential that the issue of interaction and cooperation with the driver is addressed throughout the whole system design process. This entails the issues of task allocation, authority management and levels of automation. Conducted in the scope of the projet ANR-CoCoVeA (French acronym for: "Cooperation between Driver and Automated Vehicle"), this thesis takes a closer look at the question of cooperation between the driver and automated driving systems. Our main objective is to provide the driver with a suitable assistance level that accounts for his intentions while ensuring global safety. For this matter, we propose a general framework that incorporates the necessary features for a successful cooperation at the different levels of the driving task in the form of a system architecture. The questions of task allocation and authority management are addressed under their different nuances and the identified system functionalities are studied and adapted to match the cooperation requirements. Therefore, we have developed algorithms to perform maneuver decision making, trajectory planning, and control that include the necessary mechanisms to adapt to the driver’s actions and intentions in the case of potential conflicts. In addition to the technical aspects, this thesis studies the cooperation notions from the human factor perspective. User test studies conducted on the SHERPA-LAMIH dynamic simulator allowed for the validation of the different developments while shedding light on the benefits of different cooperation forms
Martin, Elise. "Thérapies ciblées chez les femmes atteintes de cancer du sein métastatique : diffusion, impact sur la prise en charge, poids des représentations sociales et adhésion thérapeutique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS534/document.
Texto completoIn France, breast cancer is the most common cancer amongst women and the second cause of cancer death. Although breast cancer relative mortality has decreased significantly in recent years, there is still a lot to be done for the remaining 20% to 25% of patients who have metastasized. This study is based on 103 semi-structured interviews carried out with oncology healthcare professionals and metastatic breast cancer patients. The aim of this work was to study the impact that new targeted therapies can have on managing the patient’s care and their diffusion, the patients’ experiences with these treatments, their social representations and their therapeutic adherence. First, we showed that new oral targeted therapies disrupt the traditional steps in a patient care. Patients arefar less in the hospital’s sphere of influence and there are many barriers to the dissemination of these treatments for oncologists. Second, we highlighted the positive representations of oral targeted therapies that patients have, which is bringing them hope and improving their quality of life. However, the day-to-day experience with the treatment sometimes moderates these representations and may reveal obstacles to their therapeutic adherence such as side effects or the responsibilities created by the demand for autonomy. Finally, we showed the lack of patients’ knowledge about therapeutic innovations and the importance of the implementation of shared decision making with the oncologist, especially in the face of the progressive chronicisation of a number of metastatic breast cancers
Senghor, Abdou Simon. "La participation du patient insuffisant rénal chronique aux processus de décisions thérapeutiques". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20005/document.
Texto completoThe law of March 04th, 2002 on the rights of patients and the quality of the health system and the law HPST (Hôpital, Patients, Santé et Territoires) of 2009 that grants legal framework for patients’ education, have promoted the patient’s autonomy by encouraging his participation in medical decisions. Self-management of chronic illness as favoured by public authorities in providing the legal tools to improve the quality of care has aroused our interest in patient education programs for patients with renal failure in pre-dialysis. One of the objectives of this program is to allow patients free choice when deciding on the method of dialysis.Our thesis aims to underline how the social determinants at work in medical decisions and those involved in the choice of a dialysis method are constructed.In France, patients seem to favor hospital patient care, but in some countries, medical pluralism is more frequent. The exercise of self-analysis has revealed the significant part played by economy, culture and family in health choices.Moreover, the part played by patient education in the decision-making process is neither fixed nor pre-determined: patient education can complement medical practice, can be a decision support tool for some kidney patients or be used by doctors to promote patient decision-making compliance.We have shown that patients and physicians rely on several factors that may influence the nature of the discussion.This study reveals that the choice is networked and that the decisions that are made are the outcome of several interactions and medical strategies. These determinants also help to understand how trust develops and leads to decision-making.Sometimes distributed, sometimes shifted, trust accounts for the type of information prioritized by the patient. The networked choice of the patient finally puts the shared decision-making model into perspective as it increasingly seems to have a normative character in the relationship between health professionals and patients
Glaize, Annabelle. "Prise de décision en santé : une approche de décision multicritère". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A006.
Texto completoDecisions in healthcare are often complex and difficult to make and justify. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a decision-making tool that has been proven to be useful in numerous applications in healthcare contexts. Specifically, this operations research tool enables the integration of multiple conflicting criteria and encourages stakeholders to participate in the decision-making process. The purpose of this PhD dissertation is to contribute to the scientific literature on MCDA methods and how they should be applied in healthcare contexts, which are characterised by complex decision-making, by expanding these methods’ possible applications. This research is composed of three essays, each of which answers a specific research question related to decision-making in healthcare. The first essay maps the literature and assesses how the steps of the MCDA process are followed in different healthcare contexts. The second essay combines the business process improvement (BPI) methodology and lean methods to assess a chemotherapy outpatient service that suffers from difficulties in the patient flow process and propose improvement opportunities. The third essay builds on the findings of the second and applies the ELECTRE III method to define which actions could help improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction of the outpatient service
Lequesne, Christian. "L'appareil politico-administratif central de la France et la Communauté européenne : mai 1981 - mai 1991". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0015.
Texto completoThis empirical study deals with the behaviourand the working of the French central politico-administrative apparatus vis a vis the European Community. Limited to the period May 1981 - May 1991 , different approaches and logics ( both opposed and complementary) which guide the organs of the central executive and legislative powers along the various community decision-making processes
Denquin, Sylvie. "Les coopérations interprofessionnelles en cancérologie : analyse d'un réseau régional de spécialistes au niveau local". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50377-2007-1.pdf.
Texto completoAlcaraz, Fabien. "Circuits thalamocorticaux de la prise de décision". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0446/document.
Texto completoSurvival of living organisms depends on the ability to make decision adapted to theircurrent needs and desires. Such an ability results from the integration of multiple basiccognitive processes such as events prediction and action control. These processes are bestinvestigated within the framework of associative learning. Past research has demonstratedthat these processes are supported by a widespread neuronal circuit, in which the prefrontalcortex and his major afferent structure, the mediodorsal thalamus (MD), play a central role.In this context, this thesis work aimed at investigating the functional role of the exchangesbetween these two structures in decision making.In a first part of this work, we assessed the role of the MD in prediction and control.We showed that MD lesioned rats are unable to adapt their behavior to a change in rewardvalue, in an experimental procedure asking the integration of instrumental and Pavloviancontingencies. This result confirmed the fundamental role of MD in goal representation. As asecond step, we performed an anatomical study in order to characterize the architecture ofthe thalamocortical pathways arising from the MD. We first showed that multiplethalamocortical pathways originate from segregated neuronal populations within the MD.We also discovered a poorly known thalamic structure innervating the orbitofrontal cortex,the submedius nuclei. In order to understand the functional role of these pathways, we useda conditional chemogenetic technique aimed at inactivating neuronal populations selectedon the basis of their projections. Using this technique, we showed that the animal’s abilitiesto represent either the value or the action-reward relationship depend on the directionalityof MD and prefrontal cortex exchanges. Finally, we identified a specific role for thesubmedius nuclei in updating Pavlovian contingencies, by using a more classical lesioningapproach.Taken together, these results support the idea that decision making involved severalthalamocortical loops, differentially supporting prediction and action control
Gingras, François. "Prise de décision à partir de données séquentielles". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/NQ56697.pdf.
Texto completoDubus, Jean-Philippe. "Prise de décision multiattribut avec le modèle GAI". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812558.
Texto completoFlora, Dominique. "Organisation, motivation et prise de décision dans l'entreprise". Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100048.
Texto completoMoraïtis, Pavlos. "Paradigme multi-agent et prise de décision distribuée". Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090046.
Texto completoMathis, Jérôme. "Prise de décision, expertise et information partiellement vérifiable". Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0263.pdf.
Texto completoOur contemporary societies are marked more and more by a search of productivity and rationalization. This requires the detention and correct use of information (whatever economic, scientist, technological, social or political). Thus, the expert's report and communication activities are increasing. The producers and transmitters of information (experts) can influence the decision-making by strategically withholding some information. This thesis studies from a theoretical, normative and positive point of view, the impact of the possibilities for certifying information on those of influencing the decision outcome. The first part treats an advisory decision-making (the experts are consulted by the decision maker). The second part treats a deliberative decision-making (the decision-making is directly entrusted to the experts having to decide through a deliberation)
Cohen, Gérard. "Théorie de la décision, décision et non-decision dans l'électronucléaire : le rôle du décideur". Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000311.pdf.
Texto completoThe electro-nuclear industry is a minefield for decision makers. The problem has migrated from the economic to the political sphere, a phenomenon which the latter would rather have avoided. . . How and why? The first part of this thesis presents a diagnostic of the formal decision making system in the electro-nuclear field. It is clear that this system is structurally inefficient. The second part explores the true decision making system in the electro-nuclear field, revealing the existence of an underlying, virtually secret decision making system, unique to this industry. This is explained (particularly with a diagram) and proved twice by the facts. The conclusion is also very clear : in the electro-nuclear industry, everyone knows what must (inevitably ) be done, but no one will make any decisions! Quid about a theory in this case ? The third part investigates precisely how academic thought might explain the situation. The conclusion is, again, clear : no theory can satisfactorily explain exactly what is observed. The conclusion of this study proposes defining the electro-nuclear field as a “meta problem” or a “meta organization“. It shows how this particular definition can better explain what is happening in this field, essentially by means of six new diagrams, which, juxtaposed with the first one, can serve as a graphic summary of it
Zhu, Shuguang. "Three essays on mechanism design, information design and collective decision-making". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10008/document.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates several topics in Microeconomic Theory, with a focus on incorporating information control into mechanism design, checking the robustness of mechanisms, and providing a foundation for inconsistent collective decision-making. This work helps to optimize information transmission and acquisition in organizational communications, advertisement and policy design. It also sheds light on how inconsistent group decisions derive from heterogeneity in group members, and proposes ways to restore efficiency. The thesis consists of three chapters, each of which is self-contained and can be read separately. The first chapter studies a mechanism design environment where the principal has control over the agents’ information about a payoff-relevant state. The principal commits to an information disclosure policy where each agent observes a private signal, while the principal directly observes neither the true state nor the signal profile. Examples include (1) assessing whether a new product matches consumers’ preferences through their feedback on sample product trials, and (2) gathering intelligence by authorizing investigators to collect various aspects of information. I establish optimality of individually uninformative and aggregately revealing disclosure policy, where (i) each agent obtains no new information about the state after observing any realization of his own signal, but (ii) the principal can nevertheless infer the true state from the agents’ reports about their signals. Furthermore, this optimal disclosure policy admits simple and intuitive implementation (such as certain types of blinded experiments, or restrictions on access to certain information) under additional assumptions. If attention is restricted to linear settings, I characterize a class of environments (including those satisfying the standard regularity conditions in mechanism design) where an equivalence result holds between private disclosure and public disclosure.The second chapter, co-authored with Takuro Yamashita, is motivated by Chung and Ely (2007), who establish maxmin and Bayesian foundations for dominant-strategy mechanisms in private-value auction environments. We first show that similar foundation results for ex post mechanisms hold true even with interdependent values if the interdependence is only cardinal. Conversely, if the environment exhibits ordinal interdependence, which is typically the case with multi-dimensional environments, then in general, ex post mechanisms do not have foundation. That is, there exists a non-ex-post mechanism that achieves strictly higher expected revenue than the optimal ex post mechanism, regardless of the agents’ high-order beliefs. The third chapter shows that dynamic inconsistency in collective decision-making can derive from heterogeneity in group members’ outside options (i.e. opportunity costs that individuals have to pay in order to join the group), even if individuals share the same exponentially discounting time preference. This model of endogenous dynamic inconsistency facilitatesthe analysis of welfare consequences, since time-consistent individual preferences allow for a well-defined measurement of social welfare. We further characterize the optimal Bayesian persuasion information disclosure policy, which takes the form of upper revealing rules, to alleviate the welfare distortion caused by inconsistent collective decisions. Our framework proves to be highly adaptable to various contexts, including provision of public facilities and assignment on team work
Taher, Akar. "Approche coopérative et non supervisée de partitionnement d’images hyperspectrales pour l’aide à la décision". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S094/document.
Texto completoHyperspectral and more generally multi-component images are complex images which cannot be successfully partitioned using a single classification method. The existing non-cooperative classification methods, parametric or nonparametric can be categorized into three types: supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised. Supervised parametric methods require a priori information and also require making hypothesis on the data distribution model. Semi-supervised methods require some a priori knowledge (e.g. number of classes and/or iterations), while unsupervised nonparametric methods do not require any a priori knowledge. In this thesis an unsupervised cooperative and adaptive partitioning system for hyperspectral images is developed, where its originality relies i) on the adaptive nature of the feature extraction ii) on the two-level evaluation and validation process to fuse the results, iii) on not requiring neither training samples nor the number of classes. This system is composed of four modules: The first module, classifies automatically the image pixels into textured and non-textured regions, and then different features of pixels are extracted according to the region types. Texture features are extracted for the pixels belonging to textured regions, and the local mean feature for pixels of non-textured regions. The second module consists of an unsupervised cooperative partitioning of each component, in which pixels of the different region types are classified in parallel via the features extracted previously using optimized versions of Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Adaptive Incremental Linde-Buzo-Gray algorithm (AILBG). For each algorithm the number of classes is estimated according to the weighted average dispersion of classes. The third module is the evaluation and conflict management of the intermediate classification results for the same component obtained by the two classifiers. To obtain a final reliable result, a two-level evaluation is used, the first one identifies the pixels classified into the same class by both classifiers and report them directly to the final classification result of one component. In the second level, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to remove the conflicts between the invalidated remaining pixels. The fourth module is the evaluation and conflict management in the case of a multi-component image. The system handles all the components in parallel; where the above modules are applied on each component independently. The results of the different components are compared, and the adjacent components with highly similar results are grouped within a subset and fused using a GA also. To get the final partitioning result of the multi-component image, the intermediate results of the subsets are evaluated and fused by GA. The system is successfully tested on a large database of synthetic images (mono and multi-component) and also tested on two real applications: classification of invasive plants and pine trees detection
Mokaled, Ghadi. "L'efficacité de la décision administrative". Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT3019.
Texto completoMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnel dans la prise de décision". Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696675.
Texto completoStal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Approche systémique de la prise de décision en entreprise". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786203.
Texto completoImmordino, Giovanni. "Rôle de l'incertitude scientifique dans la prise de décision". Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10055.
Texto completoMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnels dans la prise de décision". Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0018.
Texto completoEmotion is inseparable from cognitive processes and therefore plays a major role in decision making. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important in today's scientific research. The aim of this thesis is to show the advantages of an emotional approach, and to prove that in certain cases computer models equipped with artificial emotions prove to be more efficient than their purely cognitive equivalents. Based on this observation, two emotional models were realised from different study perspectives. They underline the impact of the addition of an emotional dimension in the elaboration of a fast, adaptive and efficient decision. The first developed model uses a graph for strategies representation in order to solve a ten-year-old pupil mathematics exercise called the "Cascades problem". Emotion is represented there as weighting values in the graph edges dynamically managed by an ant algorithm. The tests carried out on two versions, one emotional and the other one fully cognitive, show that the use of an emotional model produces a more efficient and adaptive solving. In addition, a second model named "GAEA" aims at simulating a robot equipped with sensors and effectors and thrown into a prey-predators environment inside which it must survive. Its behaviour is determined by its internal program that evolves thanks to a linear genetic program algorithm manipulating a population of program individuals. Results are promising and indicate that the population produces individuals whose behaviour is more and more adapted, and whose internal activity is analogous to the emergence of relevant emotional reactions
Froger, Géraldine. "Rationalité et prise de décision en économie de l'environnement". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010055.
Texto completoEnvironmental risks (the greenhouse effect, acid rains. . . ) take place in a context of ecological globalization and complexity. This result justify our work about decisionmaking based on specific hypothesis of rationality and their abibilty to rationalize some choices of environmental preservation. In complete information, game theory modelize strategic interactions in the field of environmental risks. This analysis, based on substantive rationality, suppose that the instrumental and cognitive rationalities of the agents are strong. We point out this kind of hypothesis is limited to rationalize and explain the choices of environmental preservation. Then we study situations of incomplete information. The expected utility theory, based on substantive rationality, suppose that the cognitive rationality of the agents is a little bit weakened. We developp the reasons why this approach don't take complexity and indetermination into consideration. This results justify the necessity to adopt a larger criterion of rationality called procedural rationality. The naiade method, based on this hypothesis of rationality, suppose that the instrumental and cognitive rationalities of the agents are weakened. We illustrate how this method which articulates multicriteria analysis and fuzzy set theory justify some choices of environmental preservation
Castellanos-Paez, Sandra. "Apprentissage de routines pour la prise de décision séquentielle". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM043.
Texto completoIntuitively, a system capable of exploiting its past experiences should be able to achieve better performance. One way to build on past experiences is to learn macros (i.e. routines). They can then be used to improve the performance of the solving process of new problems. In automated planning, the challenge remains on developing powerful planning techniques capable of effectively explore the search space that grows exponentially. Learning macros from previously acquired knowledge has proven to be beneficial for improving a planner's performance. This thesis contributes mainly to the field of automated planning, and it is more specifically related to learning macros for classical planning. We focused on developing a domain-independent learning framework that identifies sequences of actions (even non-adjacent) from past solution plans and selects the most useful routines (i.e. macros), based on a priori evaluation, to enhance the planning domain.First, we studied the possibility of using sequential pattern mining for extracting frequent sequences of actions from past solution plans, and the link between the frequency of a macro and its utility. We found out that the frequency alone may not provide a consistent selection of useful macro-actions (i.e. sequences of actions with constant objects).Second, we discussed the problem of learning macro-operators (i.e. sequences of actions with variable objects) by using classic pattern mining algorithms in planning. Despite the efforts, we find ourselves in a dead-end with the selection process because the pattern mining filtering structures are not adapted to planning.Finally, we provided a novel approach called METEOR, which ensures to find the frequent sequences of operators from a set of plans without a loss of information about their characteristics. This framework was conceived for mining macro-operators from past solution plans, and for selecting the optimal set of macro-operators that maximises the node gain. It has proven to successfully mine macro-operators of different lengths for four different benchmarks domains and thanks to the selection phase, be able to deliver a positive impact on the search time without drastically decreasing the quality of the plans
Cherkaoui, Hajar. "Vers une prise de décision robuste en maintenance conditionnelle". Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0040.
Texto completoThis thesis is a contribution to robust decision making in maintenance of systems subject to gradual degradation. Our first contribution is to develop a criterion allowing the joint evaluation of the mean economic performance and the robustness of different types of maintenance strategies. The advantage of the proposed criterion is that it adapts to different types of maintenance strategies and provides access to a simple and relevant evaluation model. The second contribution is devoted to the development and the evaluation of a joint maintenance and spares parts management strategy that applies to multi-component systems with different qualities. For the proposed joint strategy, prognostic indicator is used for both maintenance and procurement decision-making. The evaluation criterion proposed above is used for the evaluation of this policy as well. The third contribution corresponds to the proposal of two conditional maintenance strategies with hybrid inspections for the maintenance of multi-component systems with different and unknown qualities. For the strategies proposed, online monitoring information is used to disclose the quality of system components to be maintained using statistical techniques of classification and estimation
Haydar, Jamal. "Prise de décision orientée QoS dans les réseaux hétérogènes". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066184.
Texto completoPeyrafort, Manon. "Emotion et prise de décision chez la seiche, Sepia". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC259.
Texto completoIn 2013, cephalopods were included in European Directive 2010/63/EU, which requires scientists to provide them with welfare conditions in the laboratory. However, they do not have any evaluation tools. The emotional responses of animals are proving to be good indicators for assessing their welfare in captivity. The aim of this thesis is therefore to identify behavioural indicators in common cuttlefish. Cuttlefish change their appearance (chromatically and texturally) which are similar in function to the facial expressions of vertebrates. These changes are particularly observed in a feeding context, a context that is conducive to the expression of emotions. Firstly, the work described the changes in the appearance of cuttlefish when attacking prey to identify the components expressed. Secondly, these components were evaluated in predation contexts, probably inducing emotions of different valence and intensity, as well as in a competitive social context. The results highlight 8 components (1 textural and 7 chromatic, including 3 observed for the first time) that are expressed differently from one cuttlefish to another and from one context to another. When attacking prey, cuttlefish therefore appear to use two different camouflage strategies (one “chromatic” and the other “textural”) directed towards a predator. These strategies seem to reveal a personality trait. For cuttlefish using the first strategy, the expression of 6 chromatic components seems to correlate with their preferences and motivation. This thesis concludes that chromatic changes probably integrate an emotional component and proposes for the first time that cuttlefish have affective states, but without being able to state it with certainty. In the future, chromatic components could be proposed as a tool for evaluating the welfare of cuttlefish, at least at the feeding level
Harang, Laurence. "Rationalité de l'action et rationalité de la décision". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10039.
Texto completoVeron, Paul. "La décision médicale". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD064.
Texto completoThe medical relationship is traditionally addressed by the private law academia through the prism of the of the contract concept. In line with another part of the academia, this study aims to put forth a renewed reading, centered on another paradigm: the decision. The law does not govern here a meeting of minds producing obligations but rather a care decision whose purpose is performing a medical procedure on a patient, primarily taken as a human being. The approach can a priori rest on a certain degree of common sense: isn’t medicine, after all, primarily an art – which partly became a science – of the decision?To approach the concept of decision in the field of medical law requires to give up the dominant meaning given to that term in the various legal disciplines. Well-known figure of public law and procedural law, emerging in private law, the notion of decision is largely identified with a unilateral legal action. Such strict interpretation cannot prevail for understanding our object of study: first, the medical decision is not a legal action; secondly, it may be unilateral or bilateral, or, to be precise, it can be individual or shared. It appears to be preferable, in the field of medical law, to return to a common meaning of this notion of decision, as opposed to strictly legal: it is a selecting process geared towards the implementation of a deed.The way the law addresses a medical decision can be summarized in four questions : Who decides? Addressing the issue of identifying the decision makers. How should the decision be taken? Addressing the decision-making procedure. Why and to what aim is a decision taken? Addressing the question of reasons and purposes on which the medical decision is based. Finally, what can we decide? Which means can we implement to cure? This addresses the question of the purpose of the decision. While the first two points are related to the process of decision-making, the last two refer to the issue of decision taken.This approach essentially has dual benefits. First, it offers a unique mean of interpreting the medical care relationship, regardless of the context (public hospital, private clinic or private practice), which appears necessary in view of the legal developments in the last two decades. Second, it allows the conceptualisation of the medical relationship in a theory of power, medical decisions being analysed, in this aspect, as the expression of private power
Deschênes-Beaulieu, Sara Maude. "La prise de décision éthique des consultants : compréhension du processus". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/136.
Texto completoHallaoui, Abdelmjid. "Le consensus comme mode de prise de décision à l'OMC". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0005.
Texto completoEven if consensus as mode of decision-making is a principle which is supposed to guarantee the equity and the participation of all of the members, the results of the multilateral negotiations are often, unfortunately, in favour of the developed countries. The great losers are the poor members. Is consensus at WTO in a crisis? The principal cause isn't that this organisation was created for the firs countries, and not for the last ones. It seems that WTO want to be presented as an Organisation for all members, but, in fact all members are not for WTO. Our work end by the conclusion that the world need not just one trade organisation, but several ones which can satisfy the needs of citizens, according to the development levels of their countries; and if WTO should to subsist, it is just to stay as a forum of discussion ,but not an organ of decision making
Nguyen, Quoc Toan. "La prise de décision de l'auditeur dans le contexte vietnamien". Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40056.
Texto completoThe external auditor plays a very important role to ensure accounting information and strengthen the trust between those involved in the company. The auditor has a difficult taskto investigate the accountability and responsability to establish, in an audit report, if accountability is correct and faithful. This mission requires the auditor to make good auditing decisions. However, our research objective is to understand, how and why the audit's decision was taken differently in each specific context. Decision-making in auditing has been widely studied in developped countries, particularly in Europe and America. For Vietnam this study is the first of its kind. Being aware of the importance of the auditors profession in this country, our research contributes to new knowledge on undersqtanding the audit decision in the Vietnamese contexte. The decision making of the Vietnamese auditor is studied through two aspects : cultural and professional. The first is based on the Vietnamese cultural dimension which influences the individual's decision. The religious influences, way of thinking, individual autonomy, collective behaviour, etc. . . The second is based on the auditors work environment in Vietnam which is particularly characterizes by the professional organization of the audit, the regulatory frame, the organizational culture of the firm and the socio-political context. We are also devoted to analyzing the decision making of the Vietnamese auditors through two aproaches : quantitative and qualitative. This analytical approach begins with an explanation for the logic of applied research, and by deepening the empirical treatment on perceptions of the Vietnamese auditor's decision
Chouaf, Mohamed. "La prise de décision à objectifs multiples : une approche dynamique". Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOE003.
Texto completoThe analysis of static multi-objective decision making through the study of the decision and the decision making process undertaken in this thesis attempts to demonstrate the utility, for certain optimisation problems, of considering not a unique criterion but multiple objectives. This work thus leads to the presentation of multi-objective decision making in general and of multi-objective linear programming in particular, of which certain methods of resolution are described in order to solve static optimisation problems. However, a decision cannot be considered outside of its environment or of the context of decisions that preceeded and will follow. In order to comprehend this phenomenon of the interrelationship of decisions, a study of dynamic systems and optimal control problems was necessary to present the two principles of decomposition of a dynamic system into a suite of static problems. Thus, thanks to these principles, which are : the maximum principle (pontryagin), the optimisation principle (bellman), this study shows that in the linear case, an optimal control problem can be reduced to the resolution of a suite of linear problems. In addition, these problems furnish the necessary and suffisant condition of optimality. This results permits the classic optimal control problem, i. E. One having a unique criterion, to be extended to the multi-objective case and thus results in a new tool : linear optimal control with multiple objectives. To illustrate this new type of problems, we have presented a dynamic model based on the leontief input-output system and the french economy