Tesis sobre el tema "Printing Technology"

Thesis: M. Arch., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 121).
This thesis project is a speculative proposal; it assumes that 3D printing technology is a major manufacturing and construction method in the future. The industrial revolution that has begun in the 19th century was the transition to a new manufacturing process. This transition included going from hand production to machine production and eventually changed the entire way of making things, buying things, moving things, and etc. The changes of our life led to the transformation of our cities. Current cities were formed based on the Industrial Supply Chain that enables flow of materials and products from supplier to customer. This supply chain decided locations of factories, retails, roads, ports, warehouses, and etc that have structured cities. In recent years, 3D printing has attracted increasing attention. The prospect of printing machines has inspired enthusiasts to proclaim that 3D printing will bring "the next industrial revolution", while others have reacted with skepticism and point to the technology's current limitations. However, 3D printing could proliferate rapidly over the coming decade. Improvements in speed and performance could enable unprecedented levels of mass customization, simplified supply chains, and even the "democratization" of manufacturing as consumers begin to print their own products. Although there has been a number of studies on the 3D Printing technology itself and its impact on economy, less attentions have been paid to its spatial impact or impact on our cities. As the industrial revolution transformed cities, 3D Printing is expected to change our current cities in many ways, as it will change the way of making, moving, buying things again. The fact that 3D Printing can be done near the point of consumption, implies several possible scenarios of future cities This thesis illustrates different degrees of influence of the technology in the city of Sana'a, Yemen. The city has four distinct areas currently: the historical world heritage site, a partially protected area, a modernized area, and an informal settlement. The four distinct areas will be changed in different ways by different uses of 3D printing technology. The tower house, which is one of the most significant building typologies of the city, is used to examine and compare the influences of the technology. More specifically, the ornament of the tower house and possible scenarios of transformation are the main design focus of the project. Ornament will appear in different scales and configurations in the future city of Sana'a, from high resolution ornament to inhabitable ornament.
by Kyungsik Kim.
M. Arch.

To increase capacity, lower latency, and boostdata rates, new higher gain antennas that can transmitmillimeter-waves are needed. Dielectric lens antennas arean attractive potential solution. The J1-project investigatedthe permittivity and losses of four 3D printing filamentsin four frequency bands, to better design a hyperboliclens antenna in the Ka-band with a WR-28 StandardGain Horn Antenna acting as a feed. To measure thedielectric filaments, the TRL calibration method wasevaluated in simulation and employed in measurementstogether with the NRW method for permittivity extraction.Shortcomings of these methods near resonant frequencieswere marginally analyzed in simulation, and the results ofthe processed measured permittivities were shown to havesignificant uncertainty in the loss tangent. Nevertheless thedatasheet specified<(r) =3 was shown to have meanrelative permittivity∗r= 3.53−0.13jin the Ka-band.Using the measurement data, a hyperbolic lens antennawas designed and optimized in simulation for the centerfrequency of the Ka-band at 33.25 GHz. The simulatedresults show an aperture efficiency of 36.2% and a gainof 30.4 dBi.
För att öka kapaciteten, sänka för- dröjningen samt höja datahastigheterna så behövs högre förstärkta antenner som kan transmittera millimetervågor. Här är dielektriska linsantenner en attraktiv, potentiell lösning. J1-projektet undersökte permittiviteten och förlusterna av fyra 3D-utskriftsfilament i fyra frekvensband, för att bättre designa en hyperbolisk linsantenn i Ka- bandet för en matande WR-28 “Standard Gain Horn Antenna”. För att kunna mäta de dielektriska filamenten så var TRL-kalibreringsmetoden utvärderad i simulering och nyttjad vid mätning tillsammans med NRW-metoden för att betsämma permittiviteten. Nackdelarna bakom dessa metoder nära resonanta frekvenser var marginellt analyserade i simulering och resultaten av de behandlade, mätta permittiviteterna visade sig ha märkbara osäker- heter i deras förlusttangens. Oavsett så blev medelvärdet på det uppmätta resultatet; av det databladsspecificerade materialet R (∈r) = 3; ∈*r = 3,53 -0,13j i Ka-bandet. Med hjälp av databladsspecifikationerna, så designades samt optimiserades en hyperbolisk linsantenn i simulering för Ka-bandets mittfrekvens på 33,25 GHz. De simulerade resultaten visar på en apertureffektivitet på 36,2% och en förstärkning på 30,4 dBi.
Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2020, KTH, Stockholm

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
In the past 2 to 3 years, linear array recorders based on direct thermal printing technology have proven to be the recorders of choice for a large number of telemetry display stations. This technology initially developed for facsimile communications has evolved to meet speed and reliability required by the operation of recorders in the telemetry station environment. This paper discusses the performance of various direct thermal printing techniques employed. The focus is given to parameters that are critical to telemetry station operation such as quality of the chart output, maintenance and support, reliability and cost. The reliability issue is discussed at length as it is impacted by printhead thermal stress and mechanical wear. Other printing technologies available for chart recording are briefly reviewed as they may appear to be suitable alternatives in some telemetry applications.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is currently on the verge of redefining the way we produce and manufacture things. AM encompasses many technologies and subsets, which are all joint by a common denominator; they build three dimensional (3D) objects by adding materials layer-upon-layer. This family of methods can do so, whether the material is plastic, concrete, metallic or living cells which can function as organs. AM manufacturing at the micro scale introduces new capabilities for the AM family that has been proven difficult to achieve with established AM methods at the macro scale. Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet or EHD jet) printing is a micro AM technique which has the ability to print at high resolution and speed by exploiting physical phenomena to generate droplets using the means of an electric field. However, when printing metallic materials, this method requires nanoparticles for deposition. To obtain a stable structure the material needs to be sintered, after which the deposited material is left with a porous structure. In contrary, electrochemical methods using the well-known deposition mechanism of electroplating, can deposit dense and pure structures with the downside of slow deposition. In this thesis, a new method is proposed to micro additive manufacturing by merging an already existing technology EHD with simple electrochemistry. By doing so, we demonstrate that it is possible to print metallic structures at the micro- and nanoscale with high speeds, without the need for presynthesized nanoparticles. To achieve this, a printing setup was designed and built. Using a sacrificial wire and the solvent acetonitrile, metallic building blocks such as lines, pillars and other geometric features could be printed in copper, silver, and gold with a minimum feature size of 200 nm. A voltage dependence was found for porosity, where the densest pillars were printed at 135-150 V and the most porous at 260 V. The maximum experimental deposition speed measured up to 4.1 µm · s−1 at 220 V. Faraday’s law of electrolysis could be used to predict the experimental deposition speed at a potential of 190 V with vexp = 1.8 µm · s−1 and vtheory = 0.8 µm · s−1. The microstructure of the pillars could be improved through lowering the applied voltage. In addition, given that Faraday’s law of electrolysis could predict experimental depositions speeds well, it gives further proof to reduction being the mechanism of deposition.

Modern 3D printing technology is becoming a more viable option for use in industrial manufacturing. As the speed and precision of rapid prototyping technology improves, so too must the 3D scanning and verification technology. Current 3D scanning technology (such as CT Scanners) produce the resolution needed for micron precision inspection. However, the method lacks in speed. Some scans can be multiple gigabytes in size taking several minutes to acquire and process. Especially in high volume manufacturing of 3D printed parts, such delays prohibit the widespread adaptation of 3D scanning technology for quality control. The limiting factors of current technology boil down to computational and processing power along with available sensor resolution and operational frequency. Realizing a 3D scanning system that produces micron precision results within a single minute promises to revolutionize the quality control industry. The specific 3D scanning method considered in this thesis utilizes a line profile triangulation sensor with high operational frequency, and a high-precision mechanical actuation apparatus for controlling the scan. By syncing the operational frequency of the sensor to the actuation velocity of the apparatus, a 3D point cloud is rapidly acquired. Processing of the data is then performed using MATLAB on contemporary computing hardware, which includes proper point cloud formatting and implementation of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm for point cloud stitching. Theoretical and physical experiments are performed to demonstrate the validity of the method. The prototyped system is shown to produce multiple loosely-registered micron precision point clouds of a 3D printed object that are then stitched together to form a full point cloud representative of the original part. This prototype produces micron precision results in approximately 130 seconds, but the experiments illuminate upon the additional investments by which this time could be further reduced to approach the revolutionizing one-minute milestone.

This thesis investigates inkjet printing of fully-integrated modules fabricated on organic substrates as a system-level solution for ultra-low-cost and eco-friendly mass production of wireless sensor modules. Prototypes are designed and implemented in both traditional FR-4 substrate and organic substrate. The prototype on organic substrate is referred to as a Smart Wireless Integrated Module (SWIM). Parallels are drawn between FR-4 manufacturing and inkjet printing technology, and recommendations are discussed to enable the potential of inkjet printing technology. Finally, this thesis presents novel applications of SWIM technology in the area of wearable and implantable electronics. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction to inkjet printing technology on organic substrates, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and the requirements for low-power consumption, low-cost, and eco-friendly technology. Chapter 2 discusses the design of SWIM and its implementation using traditional manufacturing techniques on FR-4 substrate. Chapter 3 presents a benchmark prototype of SWIM on paper substrate. Challenges in the manufacturing process are addressed, and solutions are proposed which suggest future areas of research in inkjet printing technology. Chapter 4 presents novel applications of SWIM technology in the areas of implantable and wearable electronics. Chapter 5 concludes the thesis by discussing the importance of this work in creating a bridge between current inkjet printing technology and its future.

Un géoradar (GPR) effectue une détection non destructive d'objets enfouis, ou l'imagerie du sous-sol par transmission d'ondes électromagnétiques et la détection et l'analyse des réflexions. Le principal défi de GPR est la réduction de la portée de détection en raison de l'atténuation du signal grave causée par la conductivité du sous-sol qui devient plus sévère dans les hautes fréquences. Afin d'augmenter la portée de détection, GPR utilise des fréquences plus basses que les radars non-GPR et nécessite donc de plus grandes antennes qui peuvent limiter la portabilité du système. La plupart des systèmes utilisent des radars GPR à impulsion mais le FMCW (onde continue à fréquence modulée) radar peut présenter certains avantages tels que la versatilité de la fréquence, une maintenance réduite du système et une meilleure résolution de gamme. Les fréquences inférieures à 1 GHz ont d'abord été rares en radars de courte portée FMCW mais trouvent maintenant leur chemin de retour dans des systèmes comme ultra-large bande (UWB) pénétrant dans le sol des radars pour la détection des mines et ainsi que d'autres applications. Lorsque les mesures sont effectuées sur des véhicules, de grands appareils d'antenne ne sont pas un problème. La portabilité, cependant, peut devenir un problème dans les études géophysiques ou des travaux d'urgence dans laquelle on peut avoir besoin de transporter le système par des endroits accidentés, inexplorés et / ou dangereux sans accès aux véhicules. Des environnements inaccessibles peuvent nécessiter la manœuvrabilité à travers d’obstacles (montagnes, grottes, lacs, zones rocheuses). D’ailleurs, l’installation rapide du système est critique dans des conditions difficiles telles que les températures extrêmes, où le temps d'exposition est coûteux et le temps de mesure limité. Une solution pour améliorer la portabilité et la capacité de déploiement d'un système GPR est de réaliser un système complet sur un substrat qui est enroulable afin de permettre une transportation facile. L’électronique sur substrat flexible a déjà été utilisée dans des applications militaires et des sports en plein air. Actuellement, il y a quelques technologies disponibles pour réaliser l'électronique flexible qui ont été un thème majeur en recherche, chacune avec différents niveaux d'intégration. La technologie d'impression à jet d'encre offre une méthode efficace, polyvalente et rentable pour la réalisation de dispositifs flexibles. Dans ce travail, un système radar FMCW classique a été conçu et un travail présenté, pour la première fois, d’application de la technologie d'impression à jet d'encre sur un système de radar. Le système est appelé un système de radar monolithique portable dans lequel tous les agents actifs, passifs et l'antenne sont destinés à partager le même substrat enroulable continu. Ainsi, une intégration hybride est utilisée pour étudier la fiabilité et la performance du système complet enroulé autour d’un rayon serré. Plusieurs défis de conception d'un grand système ont été surmontés qui donneront un aperçu de nouveaux modèles au fur et à mesure que le niveau d'intégration à l'aide de la technologie d'impression à jet d'encre continue d’augmenter
Flexible monolithic ultra-portable ground penetrating radar using inkjet printing technology A Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) performs nondestructive detection of buried objects, or subsurface imaging by transmitting electromagnetic waves and detecting and analyzing the reflections. The main challenge of GPR is the reduction in detection range due to the severe signal attenuation that is caused by subsurface conductivity that becomes more severe at high frequencies. In order to increase the detection range, GPR uses lower frequencies than non-GPR radars and thus requires larger antennas that may limit system portability. Most GPR systems use impulse radars however the FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) radar can provide some advantages such as frequency versatility, reduced system maintenance and improved range resolution. Frequencies below 1 GHz were initially uncommon in short-range FMCW radars but are now finding their way back in systems such as ultra-wideband (UWB) ground penetrating radars for mine detection and as well as other applications. When measurements are performed on vehicles, large antenna fixtures are not a problem. Portability, however, can become an issue in geophysical studies or emergency work in which one may need to transport the system through rugged, unexplored and/or hazardous locations without vehicle access and perform measurements. Inaccessible environments may require climbing up and down, squeezing through, jumping over, crawling under, maneuvering through or swimming through obstacles (mountains, caves, lakes, rocky areas). In addition to transportation, rapid system setup is critical in difficult conditions such as freezing temperatures or extreme heat where exposure time is costly and limits measurement time. One solution to enhance the portability and deployability of a GPR system for wide area rugged measurements is to realize a complete system on a continuous substrate that is rollable around a reasonably small radius and storable in a scroll or poster-like fashion for easy backpack transportation. Electronics that can flex and bend have already used in military applications and for outdoor sporting gear. Currently, there are a few types of technology available to realize flexible electronics that have been a major topic of research, each with different levels of integration. Inkjet printing technology offers a cost effective, versatile and efficient method for realizing flexible devices. In this work a classical FMCW radar system is designed and an effort is made, for the first time, to apply inkjet printing technology to a radar system. The system is referred to as a portable monolithic radar system in which all actives, passives and antenna are meant to share the same continuous rollable substrate. In doing this, a medium level of integration is used to investigate limits of system complexity, resolution and ultra miniaturization for tight rollability. Various design challenges of a large system are overcome that will hopefully give insight to new designs as the integration level using inkjet printing technology increases

In the past decade, advances in tissue engineering have allowed researchers to fabricate simple tissues. However, the process of creating these native tissues is a time consuming and inefficient process. A scaffold must first be fabricated then exposed to a sea of cells in the hopes of seeding. Furthermore, even though cells may have attached, more time must be spent in order to allow the cells to migrate to their ideal locations. To deal with this problem, researchers have investigated whether rapid prototyping principals could be adapted to facilitate the cell seeding process by placing cells in their respective locations during scaffold fabrication. The goal for this thesis was to establish the foundation for a cell-compatible printer that, in the future, could fabricate pre-seeded scaffolds. This task included implementing changes to a commercial solenoid-based inkjet system that would allow cells to be loaded into the printer in a sterile fashion. In addition, protocols had to be designed with system limitations in mind. An initial test with the designed system showed a majority of cell viability percentages above 90%. If additional tests confirm this possibility, the system should be further modified to provide cells with a proper culturing environment. Furthermore, additional research would need to be performed in order to determine whether scaffolding materials can be dispensed through the system to fabricate scaffolds.

Surface mount   technology   is   widely   used   in   the   manufacturing   of   commercial  electronics, and  the  demands  on  the  machines  increase  as  the  complexity of  the electronics increases and the size of the components decreases. Mycronic is a company that focuses on addressing those demands with their high-technology jet printing and pick-and-place machines. This master's thesis has been performed at Mycronic and has focused on the MY700 jet printer. Due to unknown factors, the quality of the ejected  solder paste droplets from the machine can vary over time. It was therefore of interest to monitor variables of the MY700 in order to gain more knowledge about the cause of the varying quality, and also to be able to detect substantial changes in deposit quality. In this project, the temperature has been measured at three key locations  on the ej ector as well as the current going through the piezoelectric actuator. This data was fed to a neural network in order to make  quality predictions with respect to the diameter of the solder paste deposits. Different combinations of sensor data were used to evaluate how the different sensors affected the performance of the neural network. Thereby, a better understanding of how big an  impact the different variables had on the quality of the deposits could be achieved.  The results indicate that the current was more significant than the temperature for making quality predictions. Using only the temperature data, the neural network was not able to accurately predict quality deviations, whereas with the piezo current data or both of them  combined,  better predictions could be made. The current data also significantly improved the performance of the neural network when printing jobs with varying diameter were  used. The conclusion is that none of the  three  temperature sensors  significantly  improved  the  performance, and there were no considerable differences between them, while the current did improve it.
Ytmonteringsteknologi är en väletablerad metod som används inom tillverkningen av kommersiell elektronik, och kravet på dessa maskiner ökar i takt med att elektronikens komplexitet  ökar  och  storleken  på  komponenterna  minskar.  Mycronic är ett företag vars fokus ligger i att möta dessa krav med deras högteknologiska jet printing - och pick-and-place-maskiner. Detta examensarbete  har utförts på Mycronic och har fokuserat på jet printing-maskinen MY700. På  grund av  okända faktorer kan kvaliteten på den deponerade lodpastan från maskinen variera över tid. Det var därför intressant att övervaka variabler hos maskinen för att få mer kunskap om orsaken till den varierande kvaliteten och också för att kunna upptäcka förändringar i kvaliteten.  I det här projektet har temperaturen mätts på tre kritiska positioner på ejektorn samt även strömmen som går genom  det  piezoelektriska  ställdonet. Dessa data  gavs till ett neuralt nätverk för att göra kvalitetsprognoser med avseende på diametern på deponeringarna av lodpasta. Olika  kombinationer av sensordata användes för att utvärdera  hur de olika sensorerna påverkade det neurala nätverkets prestanda. Därigenom kunde en bättre förståelse av hur stor påverkan de olika variablerna hade på kvaliteten på deponeringarna uppnås. Resultaten indikerar att strömmen var mer betydelsefull än temperaturen för att göra kvalitetsprognoser. Om bara temperaturdata användes lyckades inte det neurala nätverket göra exakta förutsägelser för kvalitetsavvikelser, medan med bara strömdata eller  båda  kombinerade kunde bättre förutsägelser  göras. Strömdatan  förbättrade också prestandan hos det neurala nätverket när jobb med olika diametrar användes. Slutsatsen är att ingen av de tre temperatursensorerna förbättrade prestandan signifikant, och det fanns inga betydande skillnader  mellan  dem, medan strömmen förbättrade prestandan.

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84).
This thesis demonstrates a new deposition method of colloidal quantum dots within a quantum dot organic light-emitting diode (QD-LED). A monolayer of quantum dots is microcontact printed as small as 20 ,Lm lines as well as millimeter scale planes, and the resulting devices show quantum efficiencies as high as 1.2% and color saturation superior to previous QD-LEDs'. Through a modification of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp with a parylene-C coating, quantum dots solvated in chloroform were successfully inked and stamped onto various substrates, including different molecular organic layers. The ability to control the placement and the pattern of the quantum dots independently from underlying organic layers provides a new level of performance in QD-LEDs, increasing the possibility of QD-LED displays.
by LeeAnn Kim.
M.Eng.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become broadly available and can be utilized to customize clamping mechanisms in biomechanical experiments. This report will describe our experience using 3D printed clamps to mount soft tissues from different anatomical regions. The feasibility and potential limitations of the technology will be discussed. Tissues were sourced in a fresh condition, including human skin, ligaments and tendons. Standardized clamps and fixtures were 3D printed and used to mount specimens. In quasi-static tensile tests combined with digital image correlation and fatigue trials we characterized the applicability of the clamping technique. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to evaluate the specimens to assess the integrity of the extracellular matrix following the mechanical tests. 3D printed clamps showed no signs of clamping-related failure during the quasi-static tests, and intact extracellular matrix was found in the clamping area, at the transition clamping area and the central area from where the strain data was obtained. In the fatigue tests, material slippage was low, allowing for cyclic tests beyond 105 cycles. Comparison to other clamping techniques yields that 3D printed clamps ease and expedite specimen handling, are highly adaptable to specimen geometries and ideal for high-standardization and high-throughput experiments in soft tissue biomechanics.

The history of printing is dominated by studies of mechanical typography. In this thesis the role of lithography in modernising printing is presented as an alternative path. The conventional explanation of how different printing processes work is generally made by dividing them into relief, intaglio and planographic processes. This explanation is of questionable value now, in a world where digital pre-press and offset printing hold sway. It is an outmoded idea to think that different ways of delivering ink under pressure is at the core of printing. Instead, it is more useful to focus our attention on the role played by direct and indirect image transfer. The similarities between the uses made by Gutenberg and Senefelder of direct and indirect image transfer has a greater importance than has the simplified division of printing processes into classes based upon depth of impression which is, essentially, a mechanical idea grounded in the typographic tradition. The idea presented here is that Gutenberg's application of indirect image transfer in his invention of moveable type provoked changes of greater importance than did the alternative invention of printing illustrations directly from metal plates or wooden blocks. Similarly, direct lithography was transformed by Senefelder into a vehicle for indirect image transfer by the invention of lithographic transfer paper. This invention had important ramifications for the future of lithography and for the preservation of photographic images. The combination of chemical printing and indirect image transfer made the capture of photographic images possible for the first time. In the nineteenth century, lithography also provided the first means by which photographs could be reproduced with printing ink in books - typography following here rather than leading the way. These issues have not been clearly recognised by many. The widely acknowledged superiority of typography to print economically, sharply, and at speed, was not surpassed by lithographers (who tended to concentrate on technical illustration and decorative printing) for many years. It was not until indirect image transfer was applied to the lithographic press that this barrier to progress was overcome, and, at last, text and image were efficiently transferred photographically to the rotary offset press.

In this report, my work on 3D-printing will be presented. This project is what constitutes my examination project in the education of industrial design engineering.   3D-printers are tools that have undergone great development in recent years. Through this development, the machines have become increasingly accessible to private individuals thanks to reduced prices, easyer use and higher quality. Through an increased use of the tool on a more private level, new opportunities are created for how we manufacture products, as well as how our attitude to its components are viewed.   The purpose of the work was to investigate how 3D-printing can be used to create more efficient and sustainable products with a focus on users, manufacturers and the environment. The goal was to develop an approach to utilize the function of a 3D-printer in a way that contributes to higher sustainability and efficiency, where the end result should contribute to this without forcing the user to make any decisive sacrifices.   The work has been carried out with a three-part process, divided into the phases Inspiration, Ideation and implementation, which together constitute an iterative design process. Initially in the inspiration phase, inspiration was created for the work with the help of a literature study, theory collection and a context analysis. Then began the ideation phase, whose purpose was to start creating ideas and conceptualize the inspiration that has previously been collected in the inspiration phase. To implement these ideas and concepts, the implementation phase was carried out to achieve a more completed and implemented concept.   The work resulted in the concept TonePrint. TonePrint is a speaker and a pair of headphones that work together in a form of ecosystem to make the interaction smoother for the user when changing audio source. The product TonePrint is a product that the user 3D-prints by oneself. This contributes to a more efficient and sustainable product as well as production. The product is designed in a way that enables the user to configure the product based on their own needs, which contributes to increased personalization. It allows the user to reuse components from previous devices that would otherwise be discarded, or select components based on their own liking and taste.
I den här rapporten kommer mitt arbete rörande 3D-printeing presenteras. Det här projektet är det som utgör mitt examensarbete i utbildningen högskoleingenjör inom teknisk design.   3D-printers är verktyg som har genomgått stor utveckling de senaste åren. Genom den här utvecklingen har maskinerna blivit allt mer tillgängliga för privatpersoner tack vare lägre priser, smidigare användning och högre kvalitet. Genom en ökad användning av verktyget på mer privata plan skapas nya möjligheter för hur vi tillverkar produkter, samt hur vi ser på produkter och dess uppbyggande komponenter.   Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka hur 3D-printing kan användas för att skapa mer effektiva och hållbara produkter med fokus på användare, tillverkare och miljön. Målet var att ta fram ett tillvägagångssätt att nyttja de egenskaper en 3D-printer medför på ett sätt som bidrar till en högre hållbarhet och effektivitet, där det slutliga resultatet ska bidra till detta utan att tvinga användaren att göra några avgörande uppoffringar.    Arbetet har genomförts med en tre delad process, indelad i faserna Inspiration, Ideation och implementation som tillsammans utgör en iterativ designprocess. Initialt i inspirationsfasen skapades inspiration för arbetet med hjälp av en litteraturstudie, teoriinsamling samt en kontextanalys. Därefter påbörjades ideationsfasen, vars syfte var att börja skapa idéer och konceptualisera den inspirationen som tidigare blivit insamlad i inspirationsfasen. För att implementera dessa idéer och koncept utfördes implementationsfasen för att nå ett mer färdigställt och förverkligat koncept.   Arbetet resulterade i konceptet TonePrint. TonePrint är en högtalare och ett par hörlurar som samverkar i ett form av ekosystem för att göra interaktionen smidigare för användaren vid byte av ljudkälla. Produkten TonePrint är en produkt som användaren själv 3D-printar. Detta bidrar till en mer effektiv och hållbar produkt samt produktion. Produkten är utformad på ett sätt som möjliggör för användaren att konfigurera produkten utifrån eget behov vilket bidrar till en ökad personalisering. Det möjliggör för användaren att återanvända komponenter från tidigare enheter som annars skulle slängas, eller välja komponenter utifrån eget tycke och smak.

The numbers of patients needing facial prostheses has increased in the last few decades due to improving cancer survival rates. The many limitations of the handmade prostheses together with rapid expansion of prototyping in all directions, particularly in producing human anatomically accurate parts, have raised the question of how to employ this technology for rapid manufacturing of facial soft tissue prostheses. The idea started to grow and the project was implemented based on CAD/CAM principles – additive manufacturing technology, by employing layered fabrication of facial prostheses from starch powder and a water based binder and infiltrated with a silicone polymer (SPIS). The project aimed to produce a facial prosthesis by using 3D colour printing, which would match the patient’s skin shade and have the desirable mechanical properties, through a relatively low cost process that would be accessible to the global patient community. This was achieved by providing a simple system for data capture, design and reproducible method of manufacture with a clinically acceptable material. The prosthesis produced has several advantages and few limitations when compared to existing products/prostheses made from silicone polymer (SP). The mechanical properties and durability were not as good as those of the SP made prosthesis but they were acceptable, although the ideal properties have yet to be identified. Colour reproduction and colour matching were more than acceptable, although the colour of the SPIS parts was less stable than the SP colour under natural and accelerated weathering conditions. However, it is acknowledged that neither of the two methods used represent the natural life use on patients and the deficiencies demonstrated in terms of mechanical properties and colour instability were partially inherent in the methodology used, as the project was still at the developmental stage and it was not possible to apply real life tests on patients. Moreover, deficiencies in mechanical and optical properties were probably caused by the starch present, which was used as a scaffold for the SP. Furthermore, a suitable retention system utilising existing components was designed and added to the prosthesis. This enabled the prosthesis to be retained by implants with no need for the addition of adhesive. This would also help to prolong the durability and life span of the prosthesis. The capability of the printer to produce skin shades was determined and it was found that all the skin colours measured fall within the range of the 3D colour printer and thereby the printer was able to produce all the colours required. Biocompatibility was also acceptable, with a very low rate of toxicity. However, no material is 100% safe and each material has a certain range of toxicity at certain concentrations. At this stage of the project, it can be confirmed that facial prostheses were successfully manufactured by using 3D colour printing to match the patient’s skin shade, using biocompatible materials and having the desirable mechanical properties. Furthermore, the technology used enabled prostheses to be produced in a shorter time frame and at a lower cost than conventional SP prostheses. They are also very lightweight, easier to use and possibly more comfortable for the patients. Moreover, this technology has the capability of producing multiple prostheses at the time of manufacture at reduced extra cost, whilst the data can be saved and can be utilised/modified for producing further copies in the future without having to going through all the steps involved with handmade prostheses. Based on the mechanical properties and colour measurements the prostheses will have a finite service life and the recommendation is that these prostheses will need replacing every 6 to 12 months, depending on how the patient handles and maintains the prostheses and whether the prosthesis is being used as an interim or definitive prosthesis. This was largely comparable to existing prostheses but without the time and cost implications for replacement. However, it is acknowledged that further investigations and clinical case studies are required to investigate the “real life” effect on the prostheses and to get feedback from the patients in order to make appropriate improvements to the mechanical properties and the durability of the prosthesis.

碩士
國立清華大學
動力機械工程學系
98
There are two main methods to attach the colorful patterns to the free form surface of 3C products at present time, one is IMD and the other is screen-printing. Because of the cost on molding and plate-making, both methods are only suitable for the mass production. In this study, software is firstly used to do 3D modeling, after that the pattern is applied on the 3D model and then plans the printing paths by using mapping transformation. The pre-process of the printing can be finished on computer. The hardware is based on the 5-axis CNC machine; the spindle of the 5-axis CNC machine is replaced by a commercial printer and uses the software of the printer to print the pattern. Furthermore, since the distance between the print head and curved surface is not a constant, it is necessary to maintain the distance in an optimal range. The width of pattern print head can print at a time is limited by the curvature of the printing surface. If the curvature of surface is too big, the print head should print only at the region which can print out a good printing quality. The rest unprinted area is printed after rotating the print head a proper angle. Since print head and surface model are substitute for the tool and work piece, so it is necessary to design the fixture to fix the print head and curved surface model. Moreover, how to synchronize the print signal and 5-axis machine is also important. As mentioned above, this study hopes to achieve printing colorful patterns on the 3D free form surface.

碩士
華梵大學
機電工程學系博碩專班
98
The advantages of drop-on-demand inkjet printing include mass production, low cost, flexibility, high ink utility rate and without using mask. Therefore, inkjet printing is one of the most promising techniques to fabricate conductive patterns in flexible electronic industry. Continuous and uniform micro-conductive lines, printed on PET flexible polyimide substrate, without formation of bulges produced by the operation of drop-on-demand piezoelectric inkjet printing technique was investigated in this study. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) solution of 1M concentration, 14PCS of viscosity, surface tension 30 dynes/cm, 6pH, was employed as a metal precursor for metallization. Drops were formed by using bipolar pulse. The printed patterns were dried under normal pressure condition. In order to obtain a hydrophilic surface, a O2 plasma Jet treatment was carried out to clean PET substrate. Influence of operating parameters on uniform tracks formation includes substrate moving velocity, substrate temperature, dot-spacing, curing temperature. The uniform dots and continuous lines were produced at substrate temperature of 30℃ and 60℃ in Drops Jetting Duration from 2 to 5 µs; the width of lines ranged from 0.02 - 0.08 mm. The experimental results show that the best conductive tracks could be obtained under substrate moving velocity with 1 mm/s, substrate temperature of 60℃ and Drops Jetting Duration of 4.032 µs and line width of 0.08 mm. This best case was achieved by using vacuum high heat reduction method at curing temperature of 200℃ for 20 minute.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
服務與科技管理研究所
102
In February 2013, President Obama announced the "National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI)" project with budget 10 billion dollar. it contained the research “how 3-D printing technology can be moved from the research phase to day-to-day use.” Not only U.S focus on the 3D printing technology but also in Taiwan. Since 2011, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) of Taiwan has been actively involved in 3D printing technology, and already established the first 3D printing manufacturing industry cluster. Currently , there are 36 companies and academic research units participation in “Laser Additive Manufacturing Industry Cluster” program. ITRI says:"There were some parts were complex and hard to make, but it can be make nowadays by 3D printing which make it in a short time without molding." Therefore, in this study we analyzed global 3D printing patent, and focused on US, EP, CN and TW patent portfolio which could provide a guide for Taiwan’s government and enterprises. Find the global market cut point with Taiwan currently applicable technology by patent map.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
模具工程系
103
The global economic has been recovered since the end of 20 century. The new and developing technologies is impacting the industrials which are related to them. One of these technologies is “3D printing” ,which has received widespread media and industrial circles attention. We believe that we have already been influenced by it in our life. The 3D printing had got a mention in the 2013 state of the union address by American president Obama. After reporting by medias, countries including Taiwan have followed the 3D printing, the technology full of challenge with interest more. The practical applications of 3D printing are different from 2D printing. Software convert three-dimensional models into 2D slicing. Slicings pile up to 3D model, convert a plane image into a material object. The application can be on medical、aerospace、cultural and creative industry. It can excite the changes on our life style. Now many companies and academia has been researching into the technology. In the age of information explosion, ”news information” is readily available to anyone. Reporters in depth and shallow expert opinions are mixed, confusing our thinking, making people seeking a simple and clear answer. So could“3D printing”, the magical technique, be the key of “Third Industrial Revolution” ? Could it change the industrial development in the future? With this in mind, the research is to investigate the development and trend of “3D printing” technology by simple statistics and analysis of classification retrieval. Keywords：3D、3D printing、patent analysis

Tese de Doutoramento Ciência e Engenharia de Polímeros e Compósitos.
Conductive ink has extraordinary properties. The printing of patterns with conductive inks on polymer surfaces gives them new properties and functionalities, making them ideal for several diverse application areas. These printed polymeric materials can be embedded in a system to perform a given function, e.g., to change their electrical resistivity as a response to an applied deformation. The use of printed electronics on the fabrication of flexible pressure sensors is of particular interest. Flexible Pressure Sensor (FPS) technology provides more accurate reading and contact area thanks to its ability to fold/roll, when compared to other traditionally used materials. However, they remain unsatisfactory and inaccessible to the general population. Developing a more intelligent and efficient sensor, capable of being integrated in complex environments, with improved properties, lighter and more robust, elastically deformable with quick back response, which does not sacrifice the freedom of motion, and equally important, economically attractive and suitable for mass production, is essential. Inkjet Printing Technology (IPT) has evolved in a way that ceased to be known only as a manufacturing tool in the paper and newspapers industry and it became one of the most important technologies in organic, flexible electronics and printing polymeric substrates, as well as a topic in scientific research. This technology as attracted the attention of the industrial community over the past due to a number of features, which makes a compelling argument for an interesting alternative to the conventional Printed Electronics (PE) technologies. But, there are many challenges in the use of direct printing. Most polymers are hydrophobic showing a low surface energy. Therefore, they are difficult to adhere to other materials. A new developed method for the surface treatment of polymeric substrates in order to increase their surface energies is presented. This novel surface treatment of thermoplastic polymers was applied to the inkjet printing of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) substrates with conductive inks, and significant improvements on the printability were obtained. Still, to reach the spatial geometry of the printed pattern, electrical conductivity, resolution and durability, several studies were performed and depending on the material involved, a specific know-how is required. A compromise between several criteria must be performed in order to select the proper substrate and conductive ink to get the desired sensor performance (achieve the desired sensor characteristics like resolution and bandwidth). The focus of this thesis is the development of a new generation of good performance and lower cost thin flexible pressure sensors. The applied research was focused from a materials science point of view (selectively applying commercially available and compatible materials or defining viable material alternatives), with resource to a Drop-on-Demand inkjet printer with a piezoelectric printhead to process the materials, and exploring it’s potential to be integrated into electronic applications. Three different inks with different characteristics were studied. After inkjet printing parameters definition and depending on the ink and substrate, the characterization of the printed system was conducted for pattern resolution, adhesion of the ink to the substrate, and electromechanical properties evaluation. The design, fabrication and experimental results of a FPS system and its readout electronics interface are also presented here. The developed sensing platform for postural imbalance monitoring consists of an array of flexible capacitive pressure sensors, in the millimeter range and uses a simple manufacturing process (enabling a reasonable density of sensors in the active zone). Thus, it is possible to achieve good performance results (comparable to existing solutions in the industry), with the particularity of offering an economically viable alternative, allowing its use in rehabilitation activities. The results obtained are very promising and encouraging. The developed pressure platform could be successfully inkjet printed and was fully functional.
As tintas condutoras têm propriedades extraordinárias. A impressão de padrões com tintas condutoras na superfície de polímeros atribui-lhes novas propriedades e funcionalidades, tornando-os ideais para diversas áreas de aplicação. Estas tintas impressas em substratos poliméricos podem ser incorporados num sistema para realizar uma dada função, i.e., a sua resistividade elétrica muda em resposta à deformação exercida. O uso da eletrônica impressa na fabricação de sensores de pressão flexíveis tem particular interesse. A tecnologia de sensores de pressão flexíveis permite maior precisão de leitura e maiores áreas de contato graças à sua capacidade para dobrar/enrolar, quando comparados aos materiais tradicionalmente utilizados. No entanto, estes sensores continuam a ser incipientes e inacessíveis a população em geral. Desenvolver um sensor inteligente e eficiente, capaz de integrar ambientes complexos, com propriedades, de tamanho ainda mais reduzido, leves e robustos, deformáveis e com elasticidade, com rápida resposta, e que não sacrifique a liberdade de movimentos, economicamente atrativos e adequados para produção à escala industrial é essencial. A tecnologia de impressão a Jato de Tinta evoluiu de tal forma que deixou de ser conhecida apenas como uma ferramenta de produção na indústria do papel e de jornais e, tornou-se uma das tecnologias mais importantes na eletrônica flexível e na impressão de substratos poliméricos, bem como um tópico pesquisa científico. Nos últimos anos, esta tecnologia atraiu a atenção da comunidade industrial principalmente devido a uma série de características que a torna num argumento convincente como uma alternativa interessante as tecnologias convencionais para a eletrônica impressa. No entanto, são muitos os desafios do uso de impressão direta. A maioria dos polímeros são hidrofóbicos, apresentando uma baixa energia de superficial. Por esta razão são difíceis de aderir a outros materiais. Um novo tratamento da superfície foi desenvolvido para os substratos poliméricos, a fim de aumentar as suas energias de superfície. Na superfície do substrato de termoplástico poliuretano (TPU) com o novo tratamento de superfície, tintas condutoras foram impressas e melhorias significativas na capacidade de impressão foram observados. Ainda assim, a obtenção a geometria especial da estrutura impressa, condutividade elétrica, resolução de impressão e durabilidade, exigiu estudo, e dependendo dos materiais envolvidos, um know-how específico é necessário. Será um compromisso entre vários critérios de forma a selecionar o substrato e a tinta condutora ideal para obter a performance desejada do sensor (atingir as caraterísticas desejadas do sensor como a resolução e largura de banda). O foco deste trabalho reside no desenvolvimento de uma nova geração de sensores de pressão flexíveis com bom desempenho e baixo custo. O estudo focou-se no ponto de vista da ciência dos materiais (aplicação seletiva de materiais comercialmente disponíveis e compatíveis, ou definir alternativas viáveis), utilizando uma impressora jato de tinta com sistema Drop-on-Demand com uma cabeça de impressão piezoelétrica para processar os materiais, e explorar o seu potencial para ser integrado em aplicações eletrônicas. Foram estudadas três tintas com características diferentes. Após a definição dos parâmetros de impressão a jacto de tinta de acordo com a tinta e o substrato, o sistema impresso foi caracterizado para uma avaliação da resolução de impressão, adesão da tinta ao substrato, e das propriedades eletromecânicas. O design, fabricação e resultados experimentais de um sensor de pressão flexível e sua interface eletrônica de leitura também foram aqui apresentados. O sensor de pressão flexível desenvolvido para monitorização do desequilíbrio postural consiste numa matriz de sensores capacitivos de pressão flexíveis, no intervalo milímetro, e, usa um processo de fabrico simples (permitindo uma densidade razoável de sensores na zona ativa). Assim, é possível conseguir bons resultados de desempenho (comparáveis às soluções existentes na indústria), com a particularidade de oferecer uma alternativa economicamente viável, permitindo o seu uso em atividades de reabilitação. Os primeiros resultados obtidos são muito promissores e encorajadores. A plataforma de pressão desenvolvida pode ser produzida com sucesso por impressão a jato de tinta e demonstrou ser totalmente funcional.
TICE-Healthy - Sistemas de Saúde e Qualidade de Vida projeto nº 13842, co-financiado por FEDER.

碩士
國立交通大學
光電工程系所
95
The color filter (CF) has been one of the most important components for full-color active matrix LCD panel. An emerging process for manufacturing CF has been technically developed by an inkjet printing system. Inkjet printing process for color filter fabrication is key technology for next generation process. To prevent ink overflow from the black matrices (BM) bank, two effective surface treatments are introduced in this thesis. Because the color ink is jetting on glass substrates with black matrices (BM), the total jetting droplet’s volume will overflow from one bank to another if the volume is much larger than the bank. Increase contact angle of drops on BM to make color ink not wetting and to prevent ink overflow from the BM bank. The contact angle of drops on chemical treated and CFx plasma treated BM are increased. In this thesis, we also use the Litrex 70L ink-jet printing system to print red, green, and blue single color films. And we also combined the red, green, and blue color films to form a three-color films BM.

碩士
國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
105
This thesis focuses on the designs of lens antenna using 3D printing based on the geometric optics methods. Comparing with the conventional antennas, the lens antenna can provide wide range of scanning capabilities and higher gain while side lobes and back lobes are relatively smaller. The lens structures designed for 2.4 GHz and 24 GHz are fabricated by stereolithography 3D printing technology. The energy will be converged on the antenna through the lens, resulting in 1 ~ 2 dBi gain imrpovement. In addition, the lens integrated with the antenna packaging cap is also proposed in this work. Three different packaging caps are investigated, and the measurement results show that the gains from all three cases are slightly improved. The final topic is to design the Fresnel lens, aiming for the weight and size reduction comparing to the conventional lens. The gain difference with and without lens is 1.3 dBi. To verify the fabrication precision, the scanning probe microscopy is applied to scan the surface profile of the lens. With this real fabricated surface profile,the post simulation is thus conducted to compare the measurement results.

碩士
逢甲大學
紡織工程研究所
82
Stitch-Bonding nonwoven have a character of bulkiness,in addition to the appearance and woven-function are closer to traditional fabric. So, the application is very wide; and plus owning right strength, therefore, it is the most suitable nonwoven material to make clothing. however the general method of printing will easily cause thickener in the yarn migration, and thus, to reduce the whole look and additional value. This study is to concern different concentration of paste, prior to printing, processed sizing finishing on fabrics; with pastes in fibers become film-forming to prevent the capillary continuity, to keep the fabrics has the same diffusion rate. Next procedure is to print fabric with sodium alginate and prepare suitable flowability thickener, in order to meet the purpose of raising pattern sharpness and quality. This report also discuss the change of fiber crystallinity while finishing. By experimental result show, sodium alginate of thickener concentration is 2.9﹪, the rheological behaviour will be appear the best, the time stability is over 3 days, all can suit the plan operation. As respect of crystallinity, prior to unheat setting yarn's and web's fibers have a big difference (11﹪). But, after thermosol dyeing both are in 40﹪ or so. The best effect prohibit migration is sizing fabrics with 6g/L、8g/ L and 10g/L sodium alginate, thus apply to print overprinting and miniture pattern. Concerning the result of all general dyeing fastness can reach the standard.

碩士
國立交通大學
科技管理研究所
104
This thesis reports on an analysis of operating strategy of R&D intermediation for the 3D Printing Artificial Orthopedics industry based on the model of innovation intensive services (IIS).By structuring a 4x5 matrix, encompassing four service packages and five innovation modes, we elucidated the strategic positioning and future development trend of the industry. It was found that core competence and externalities required to compete effectively are determined in the industry. The model respectively dissects four influential factors of industrial environments and technological systems at the industry-level analysis to verify the requirements of industrial innovation system. IIS Matrix will help deduce critical elements of industrial environment and technological systems at the industry level by strategic positioning and KSFs in the firm level. The requirements of industrial environment and technological systems will be consolidated into the industrial innovation systems by using the IIS approach. Results showed that in the R&D intermediation for the 3D Printing Artificial Orthopedics industry, the future trend needs to be moved to “Selective Service / Process Innovation” and “Unique Service / Process Innovation” .The critical competences in these positions include “validation”, “marketing”, “delivery”, “after service”, and “supporting activities” and the externalities include “R&D”, “technology”, “production”, “service” and “other users”.The industry is still in its infancy stage; selective service and process innovation is the vendors’ first step to become a member of R&D intermediation for the 3D Printing Artificial Orthopedics industry.

碩士
中華大學
機械工程學系碩士班
98
Inkjet printing technology has a lot of advantages such as material saving, easy processes etc., and can be applied to various electronic components such as TFT LCD color filter, PLED, printed circuit boards. In flexible electronic products such as e-paper, RFID TAG, sensors and solar cells, inkjet technology has the potential to apply. Moreover, the inkjet printing technology has also the characteristics of modification in very shot time which increase the flexibility of manufacturing process. Material can be fully used in inkjet print technology which manufacturing costs can be reduced. In addition, the necessary work environment using inkjet printing technology is very easy to obtain. The purpose of this study is to prepare the suitable TiO2 ink for prepared dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) TiO2 film electrode on both ITO PET and ITO glass substrate using a general printer. In this study, the dispersion of TiO2 slurry was adjusted by changing the PH value of the solution to avoid agglomeration of TiO2 particles. The TiO2 particles in the solution after adjustment were measured about 130nm. The experimental results show that it has the best performance when the thickness of the TiO2 film was about 10μm. In ITO-glass substrate, the measured short circuit current was about 5.03mA, the open circuit voltage was measured about 0.65V. In ITO-PET substrate, the measured short circuit current was about 2.73mA, the open circuit voltage was measured to be 0.68V. Since the resistance is different between two substrates, the results is significantly different.

碩士
中興大學
機械工程學系所
99
Since its inception in 1972, personal computers, the electronics industry can be rapid, quickly flourish into the 1980s, mobile phones and the Internet emerged, opened the 3C electronics products into human life, a prelude to cutting-edge technology in modern under development, 3C electronic products gradually toward the light, thin, short, small trend to develop, not only the volume become more compact, more towards integration and diversification, coupled with the prevalence of wireless networks in recent years and widely used, twenty-first century is the era of information operations, which all give thanks to the development of breakthrough electronic components, which include industries covered by the semiconductor IC, IC packaging and testing, printed circuit, SMT surface mount and passive components and other industries, because 3C electronic products be-come more compact, high density of electronic circuits but inevitable, after the high density of the circuit for electromagnetic interference (EMI) prevention and treatment needs will become increasingly important, and This section is multilayer passive components and other electronic components widely applied one of the reasons,which multilayer inductor with magnetic shielding, nonelectro- magnetic interference problems, and its inductive circuit can be increased in high-frequency loss will not affect the DC and low frequency signal power, its main function is to be effective choke circuit of high frequency oscillation and noise, very suitable for high density mounting of the circuit design! This thesis research is for multilayer-inductor of the key processes multilayer screen printing process to study the use of computer vision and image processing science and technology for printing after the graphics test and then identify its shortcomings with a view to the printing operation in early find job quality anomalies, to avoid a large number of bad products are manufactured, in this paper the major research directions can be broadly divided into 1. multilayer inductor printing process characteristics and defect mode of study and sample collection 2. Computer vision and image processing Theory and Applications 3. Computer programming languages C + + and Intel ® OpenCV Open Source Computer Vision library of software learning and research 4. robust least squares type of theory and application of the four directions of research in which the main core of the study is to analyze the multilayer inductor screen printing graphics features and how to computer vision related technologies for the detection of its defects, which in addition to the use of image filtering, histogram, grayscale and binarization processing, but also the use of edge detection and contour feature extraction techniques such as computer vision, in addition to the core of the algorithm is applied to the spindle of statistical methods and robust least squares regression method to find the type theory of linear equations printing graphics, but also for the rounded part of the graphics filter removed to reduce the rounded part of the equation for calculating the adverse effects of strike lines, words and short; by this research paper is to these aspects of learning and research, in order to achieve the application of computer vision technology to detect and identify multilayer in the quality of the printing process anomalies, there by to enhance the multilayer-inductor printing process and quality printing capabilities!

博士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
98
The inventions of nano-imprinting and nano-printing lithography create a new landmark for nano-patterning technology. The differences between conventional photolithography and nano-imprinting and nano-printing lithography are that nano-imprinting and nano-printing lithography have the advantages of low cost and high efficient in nano-patterns transfer process. For this reason, this dissertation investigates the nano-patterning technology which utilizes an infrared laser or an infrared lamp to heat up the metallic patterns and transfer the metallic patterns from the surface of a mold to a substrate. Furthermore, another objective of this study is to build up a stable and reliable process for continuous pattern transfer over large area. To achieve the aforementioned objectives, we developed several techniques fort pattern transfer ranging from infrared laser assisted direct contact printing lithography (IR-LCP) to infrared lamp assisted roller contact printing lithography (IR-RCP). By observing their experimental results, we modify and improve these processes such as replacing an infrared pulse laser by an infrared lamp, a plane pressure by a line-shape loading force by a roller and a rigid Si substrate by a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. These changes can achieve our objectives in nano-patterns transfer with low cost, high efficient, and large area. In addition, a dual-step contact printing lithography is developed which can enhance the efficiency in the recycling of the used mold and reduce the residual metal films on the used mold. This technique utilizes a UV resin with both the properties of adhesion and UV curing to adhere the bottom metal layer. It can allow one single mold to transfer two highly complementary patterns to two different substrates separately and reduce the residual metal films on the used mold. Finally, two applications on the fabrications of a flexible polarizer and the highly ordered metallic micro/nano-particles have been proposed in this dissertation based on IR-LCP and IR-RCP. The highly ordered metallic micro/nano-particles are applied to the research of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Experimental results successfully demonstrate that the infrared assisted direct contact printing technologies are an effective tools for micro/nano-patterning and micro/nano-structure fabrication as well as related innovative devices.

碩士
國立交通大學
顯示科技研究所
96
Liquid crystal display has grown to be the vital market for flat panel display. Color filter is one of the key elements for making a color image. The conventional fabrication process is using three repetitions of lithography processes for three primary color films of red, green, and blue. This process has some drawbacks, including complex manufacturing process, low efficiency of material utilization, and high consumption of energy and chemicals. These drawbacks can be solved by using ink-jet printing technology. This technology can precisely control to deposit the suitable amount of materials on the desired area by the digital control system. Therefore, ink-jet printing technology can provide high efficient production to reduce color filter manufacturing cost. The color filter, which sub-pixel size is large, has been printed by using an additional rib wall on top of black matrix or a high trapezoid BM. In this thesis, a novel fabrication method for small sub-pixel size color filter was proposed by applying a surface treatment on the BM glass substrate. This method would not need the rib wall or the high BM, and the thickness of BM could be very thin. The function of BM is just to prevent the light leakage, but not to hold color inks inside the sub-pixels. A specific chemical treatment was used to deposit a monolayer of hydrophobic surface on the black matrix glass substrate. The dots ejected on the substrate would be reduced to apposite size without using tiny droplet print-head which is very expensive. Besides, the substrate was heated to 60oC to prevent the phenomenon that the color inks overflowed to neighboring sub-pixels. The three primary color strips would be achieved easily.

碩士
國防大學理工學院
化學工程碩士班
101
Preparation of metal lines or patterns on flexible PET and PI substrates were studied in this thesis. The optical grade PET substrate having light-transmissible property and low cost is a good material for optical applications. PI is a polymer with high smoothness, excellent chemical resistance, high temperature resistance and low coefficient of expansion, which is good for application of the substrates of electronic devices. In this thesis, our typical catalytic ink containing palladium (Pd) nano-particles was used to print lines or patterns on the PET and PI substrates with ink-jet printing. These substrates were then electroless plated with nickel (Ni) to form metallic lines or patterns. Since the whole process was completed at lower temperature and was low cost, it is superior to the traditional method of metallization on nonconductive substrates. Using silane as the coupling agent to modify PET and PI substrates and increase their adhesion with plated Ni layer was studied. In contrast to the traditional dry plasma pretreatment, this study attempts to use environment-friendly pickling solution to do the pre-processing of the substrate to improve the self-assembly reaction between silane coupling agent and substrate. The influence of process parameters such as the concentration of silane coupling agent and the reaction time on the degree of surface modification of the substrate was evaluated to find the optimal process parameters for the best adhesion between metallic pattern and substrate. The silane-modified surface of substrates were analyzed with contact angle measurements and FTIR spectroscopy to evaluated their modification effect. The results show that our typical ink-jet printing and electroless plating process can successfully deposit 6.1 μm and 12.8 μm Ni layer on PET substrates respectively according to different ways of PET modification. The adhesion between Ni layer and substrate passed the 5B degree of ASTM-d3359 test. The resistivity of the deposited Ni film was about 6.67 × 10-7 Ωm. As for the PI substrates, the deposited Ni layer can achieve 3.9 μm for different modification methods. The adhesion between Ni layer and substrate also passed the 5B degree of ASTM-d3359 test. These results indicate that the metallic patterns fabricated with our typical ink-jet printing and electroless plating method has potential for the application of flexible electronic devices.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
機電工程學系
96
This article is about the "UV Lampshade" used in the UV Curing Equipment by the flat surface-printing machine. It uses Taguchi Method as primary approach to study two key factors, UV energy and intensity, that affect UV ink curing. As it is the key to UV power and intensity, we have enlisted the temperature of UV lamp as the most critical character of the "Optimization of UV lampshade" research. Utilizing the Key Character analytical method and combining it with factory production experience, it will then define 4 controllable variables. Based upon Taguchi's Orthogonal Arrays, we can select ( ) Table. By combining it with Taguchi virtual standard method, we can then conduct experiment. Then, we can use optimum conditions to compare and analyze its results. Finally, from the result of this research, we can find the optimized factor for experiment. After the lamp of the UV Lampshade lighted up for 30 minutes under strong mode, the temperature of the lamp tube is measured at 230.6℃. It was lower than the required temperature of 350℃ specified by the lamp manufacturer. Also, when the temperature of UV lamp neck dropped from 353℃ to the optimized temperature of 230.6℃, the temperature of the UV lamp neck dropped 122.4℃or 34%. But the UV-A intensity of the UV lamp dropped from the highest of 334.13 mW/cm2 to 315.87 mW/cm2，UV-A intensity dropped 18.26 mW/cm2，the overall decreasing ratio of UV-A intensity of the whole UV Lamp shade is approx., 5%. This value is within the permitted 5% range. Therefore, from this research experiment, we can confirm that the structure design of the Lampshade will meet the flat surface printing machine application.

碩士
華梵大學
機電工程學系博碩專班
97
Pyroelectric sensors use the pyroelectric effect to convert temperature variation to corresponding electrical signal. This work showed that the ink jet technique was applied to prepare flexible ZnO pyroelectric sensors. ZnO inks with appropriate viscosity and surface tension were prepared by sol-gel techniques, and printed onto substrates by a printer. The conductive ink was printed onto ZnO thin film as top electrodes. The quality of pyroelectric layer, the substrate, the metallic electrodes and its pattern have significant effects on the pyroelectric response of the sensor. To determine the relationship between responsivity and annealing temperature, the ZnO thin film with various annealing process in this study. 　　Pyroelectric sensor with partially covered electrode (PCE) has been proved to reveal higher responsivity than that with fully covered electrode. The uncovered ZnO thin film directly exposes surface to increase the absorption of incident energy in PCE pyroelectric sensor. Therefore, the design of top electrode is greatly to influence the temperature field in pyroelectric films. Top electrodes with four shapes namely crisscross, target, web and full cover types, are used to discuss the relation between electrode shapes and responsivity of devices. The pyroelectric sensor with top electrode of web shape can effectively enhance the responsivity of sensor. 　　The quality of ZnO films is a key factor to determine the responsivity of ZnO pyroelectric sensors, which can be influenced by annealing process. ZnO thin film were formed and studied by Surface Profiler、Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ZnO thin film with annealing process at 500 ℃ have uniform grain size and best responsivity according SEM result, and best lattice intensity according XRD result.

碩士
中華大學
機械工程學系
104
With 3D printing technology trends, the impact of today's industrial and market environment. This study was to create a "3D printing technology used in aircraft CAD integrated system." 3D printing technology distinct from traditional processing, from design to manufacturing only planning CAD design and CAM to make the desired object. As competition in the industry, can reduce the production cycle and meet customer needs is not easy, but 3D printing technology without creating a model program to make it the object of traditional processing can not finish, and reduces the time required to mold in the custom design can print out only do customers demand objects from CAD and fast delivery. 3D printing technology program is simple, but there will be printed on the flaws in the environmental impact of inadequate planning or CAM, is set by the integration of print with the best parameters combination of aircraft model object-oriented systems integration focus of the thesis. In this paper, using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing technology to print on the Delta 3D Printer, to give the object caused by flaws in the print order and provide a solution to make guidelines for the aircraft type and geometry to do to achieve effective integration of print.

碩士
稻江科技暨管理學院
動畫遊戲設計學系碩士班
105
This paper examines the real-world feasible and cost-lowering potential of using 3D-printed materials for bipedal robots, while retaining conventional electronic parts and servomotors for transporting power and tested Robot climbing stairs of possibility. The potential of 3D-printed materials is assessed through gauging performance in giant robot battles. Arising in enthusiast circles for animated films and series such as Gundam, real-life giant robot battles have in recent years experienced a boom in popularity, as robot duels are no longer limited to the realm of video games. This study aims to examine the feasibility and cost-lowering potential of using 3D modeling to design giant robots and 3D printing to create them. Topics discussed include the principles behind 3D printing and the characteristics of 3D printed material; a comparison of the strength and weaknesses as well as cost differences between 3D printing and traditional metalworking; interviews with pioneers of existing bipedal robots in Taiwan; and possible future directions for theoretical research. A 3D-printed bipedal robot was developed and produced by the authors, in order to conduct tests analyze production costs. Possible problems with popularization and production were identified and solved. Testing revealed 3D printing still cannot match traditional metalworking in terms of structural integrity, but that 3D-printed materials have the advantage of much lower costs and shorter development time in production. 3D printing is therefore more convenient for testers in creating finished product, and the performance of 3D printed materials in tests surpassed the authors’ expectations under the limitations imposed by this study.

碩士
中原大學
機械工程研究所
106
This thesis proposed a method to create molds with hierarchical micro/nano structures to enable the imprinting of conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) for use as an electrode.The microstructure of mold was made by 3D printing. Computer-aided software (AutoCAD) was used to draw square column structures with micrometer size, and self-made 3D printer was used to fabricate micro-columns. Then the laser interference lithography was employed to build nanostructure on the surface of the micro-columns to form hierarchical micro/nano structures. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used as a soft mold to duplicate the pattern of the previous hard mold. At last, PANI solution was poured into PDMS mold, then heat up to fabricate PANI solidified film applied in the supercapacitor. Using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) confirmed that the surface structure of the film identification. On a three-electrode electrochemical cell, experiments were performed to characterize the electrochemical properties of plane PANI and PANI with microstructure and hierarchical microstructure, respectively. Cyclic voltammetric (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were then conducted using 1M H2SO4 as an electrolytic solution. Experimental results demonstrated that its specific capacity was 487 F/g, which is higher approximately 60% compared with PANI plane film. Increasing the surface area of PANI through the inclusion of hierarchical structures enhanced oxidation/reduction reactions, leading to a higher average specific capacitance.

碩士
聖約翰科技大學
機械與電腦輔助工程系碩士班
106
In addition to the requirement of comfortable living, modern people also require to improve the environmental aesthetics and landscape design of environmental spaces so that the public spaces outside buildings have good dynamic walking routes and visual perception. In the past, the landscape planning and design model was constructed manually and often took a lot of time where the landscape design planner can only communicate with customers through the computer graphics and situation simulation and therefore big discrepancy between the actual landscape entity and the expectation was often resulted after the completion of construction. In recent years, due to the rapid development of 3D printing technology, 3D printing technology is characteristic of high efficiency and low cost and is applied more and more widely. In this study, a part of the landscape design in the planning case of “Huangjinshi Area Landscape Construction Plan (Shihmen District) Phase II Project – Bid A” at Laomeili, Shihmen District Administration of New Taipei City was taken to explore the application of 3D printing technology to construct the landscape design and planning model to assist the communication between the landscape designer and owner. According to the study results, the completed landscape entity has actually reduced the expectation gap between the landscape designer and owner, which also helps to provide reference for the landscape designer in performing landscape design in the future. If the invisible parts of environment like terrain and topography, drainage system and soil and water conservation can be incorporated into the established model later, it is believed to be able to better meet the customer’s expectations on landscape design.

碩士
臺北城市科技大學
機電整合研究所
103
This study is about how 3D printing technology to study industrial robots should therefore start with the 3D printing began to explore how to quickly understand the 3D printing? The fastest way is to assemble a homemade from scratch 3D printert from the assembly， learning process tuned to thoroughly understand the measured 3D printing technology， to industrial and commercial RP rapid prototyping machine to do to distinguish the 3D printer section compares to a variety of 3D printer， 3D printer Architecture & firmware， all kinds of open-source 3D printer software programs to explore the direction of the end， the first is to collect various types of market countries 3D printer， RP rapid prototyping machine and according to the information given to the classification and rating and price comparison analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of open source machine， followed by the open source on the Internet in accordance with the amount and degree of difficulty of the various types of 3D printer parts of the network resources to purchase as considerations for selecting the entry to PRUSA I3 primary models， in order to understand the machine architecture， its architecture for dynamic way gantry CNC milling machine computer as the mobile way XYZ three-dimensional direction， respectively， the absolute and relative coordinates， etc. Block coordinates coordinates， the third to end the open-source software and computer 3Dprinter end graphics software application tuning， 3D printing part of the final order to enhance the agency with a high degree of stability-oriented molding efficiency Advanced KOSSEL MINI models as 3D printing paper studies a second machine. Next spindle 3D printing how to apply industrial robots as the main purpose of research， industrial robots in the world-famous four major manufacturers in Japan FANUC ABB Sweden， Switzerland， Germany KUKA Stäubli The manufacturers of the most compact six-axis articulated robot line as the main object， industrial robots and production line is mainly used for industrial production line， or whether it is industry specific functionality requires tools， tools， how to combine and then you can take advantage of 3D robot column printing technology to the design， placement and use of assessment tools which aim to enhance or lightweight structures can print out the final 3Dprinter device to connect the adapter base end industrial robots and tools in 3D graphics design.

碩士
國立交通大學
科技管理研究所
104
This thesis is focus on 3D printing in orthopedic implants R&D process and includes a review of the R&D process, market dynamics, and 3D printing technology applications. The study analysis by applying an Innovation Intensive Service(IIS) model at firm-level. Structuring a matrix which encompasses four service packages and five innovation modes reflect 20 types of company operation forms. By interviewing and administering a questionnaire to experts in the field, we can elucidate the strategy position and future development trend of the industry, and the find out the important key success factors(KSF) in internal value activities and externalities for firms. Study results show that Taiwan’s 3D printing orthopedic R&D presently positions itself in the “Product Innovation/Restricted Service”. In the next 5 years, it will still maintain in the position. In this position, internal value activities focus on Design and Marketing; externalities pay attention to Complementary Assets Supplier, R&D/Science, Technology, Production, Servicing and Other Users. It is necessary to strengthen KSF in these factors.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
設計研究所
98
Printing is generally called an integrated industry for its complicated process and extensive coverage. Human activities nowadays are closely related to printing; the demand for paper per person gets higher while a country has become more developed, and the more our material civilization has developed, the dependency and need toward printing product is more urgent, for example, currency issued by government, packaging materials, posters, book binding…etc., from outdoor advertisement to name cards one carries along. Hence, it is necessary for a designer to acquire thorough understanding of printing, its process, history of development, and application and presentation of special printing effect. This thesis discusses briefly the history of printing in China and its subsequent development till modern day while using literature of print genre, property, introduction to distinctive printing ink and method of print process as niche along with prints, 160 pieces in total, of distinctive printing ink or process method in six categories collected by author:Hot Stamping（38pieces）、Pantone Metal colors（48pieces）、Flourescent/ Others Pantone inks（42pieces）、Laser-cut/Die-cut（12pieces）、Emboss/ Deboss（10pieces）、Others（12pieces）, analysis of 15 representative pieces among said prints of distinctive process method are use as design reference in this experiment. The reason and purpose of this thesis are as follow: 1)To bring about better design through the use of distinctive processing method and understanding of the history and process of printing and the technique of modern printing and its application. 2) To embody the beauty of printing and bring about the sentiment between human and prints which are irreplaceable by electrical paper and digital monitors. 3) To combine printing technology with creativity to improve the design quality of Taiwanese print product, increase its value as a collectable item, and provide users (receiver of information) alternative sensual experience, in addition to visual one, such as sense of smell and touch. The resulting print designs in this experiment using distinctive printing method are as follow: 1)8 respective print designs are created in accordance to property and effect of chosen printing methods. 2) Public exhibition and summing-up report of the designs created during experiment.

3D Printing, also known as Additive Manufacturing has the potential to be one of the most disruptive technologies to impact global Supply Chains. In some sectors, the technology boosts some aspects of the production process, while for others it may replace the traditional manufacturing methods. This work project explores 3D Printing technology, its pros, and cons presents some real cases and identifies possible impacts of the technology in Supply Chains.

This case study provides an overview of the automobile industry, Simoldes and the emergence of additive manufacturing technology, also known as 3D printing. The goal of this master’s degree dissertation is to conduct a strategic analysis of Simoldes taking into account the implications of incorporating additive manufacturing technology into the company´s value chain. Understanding what advantages additive manufacturing can bring to Simoldes strategy is fundamental. Different management approaches regarding this technology are provided at the end of the case. Should Simoldes not adopt this technology, or should they proactively incorporate additive manufacturing into its manufacturing process? This is the main subject to the discussed on this master’s dissertation thesis. In the teaching notes section, there is a set of questions with a proposed resolution. From this analysis, it is possible to see several benefits that additive manufacturing can bring to Simoldes. Efficiencies in time and costs are the main potential advantages. Incorporation of this technology into Simoldes manufacturing processes is the recommended outcome of this case study.
Este caso de estudo mostra uma visão geral da indústria automóvel, da empresa Simoldes e do surgimento da tecnologia de fabricação aditiva, também conhecida como a impressão 3D . O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é a da realização de uma análise estratégica da empresa Simoldes tendo em conta as implicações da incorporação da tecnologia de fabricação aditiva na sua cadeia de valor. Entender as vantagens que esta tecnologia pode trazer para a Simoldes é um dos aspectos fundamentais. Diferentes abordagens em relação a esta tecnologia são fornecidos no final do caso. Deverá a Simoldes não adotar essa tecnologia , ou deverá incorporar de forma proactiva a fabricação aditiva nos seus processos de produção ? Este é o principal aspecto a ser discutido nesta dissertação de mestrado. Na secção de notas de ensino , há um conjunto de perguntas com uma proposta de resolução. A partir desta análise , é possível observar vários benefícios que a fabricação aditiva pode trazer para a Simoldes. Ganhos de eficiência no tempo e nos custos são as principais e potenciais vantagens. A incorporação desta tecnologia em processos de fabricação Simoldes é o resultado recomendado deste caso de estudo.

碩士
實踐大學
工業產品設計學系碩士班
107
With the recent improvement of internet and technology, maker movement has emerged. Everybody can now realize their ideas through technology and resource sharing. 3D printing technology plays a significant role in maker movement, sometimes even referred to as the key technology which stimulated the third industrial revolution. It is a breakthrough of traditional mass production concepts, allowing previous labor division and manufacture expertise become relatively simple. Previous work deemed only possible through processing production has transformed into something an individual can realize. It has been the core concept of maker movement. In addition, 3D printing technology has made significant impact on a variety of fields, including society, technology, education, medicine. Prosthetics are a good example. This project, based on the spirit of maker movement, employs 3D-printing technology to develop an unorthodox process for prosthetic production through teamwork and open source design. Two types of prosthetic ideas – below-elbow functional prosthetic and below-knee design prosthetic – were explored so as to produce ideal prosthetics for the users and their goal of self-realization. Through the tests by two users, the process proved feasible and advantageous. It is faster and more user-friendly than traditional prosthetic production process, proving the viability of applying 3D printing technology and creative design process to prosthetic production.

碩士
國立中興大學
化學工程學系所
100
In recent years, metal nanowirting for circuitry and electronic interconnection has attracred much attention due to the growing requirements of highly integrated microcircuits, and benefit to the minizturization of device features. Inkjet printing of functional materials with specific electrical, optical, chemical, biological or structural functionalties has gained significant interest as an alternative to conventional vacuum deposition and photolithographic patterning, methods, especially in the area of low-cost and karge-area electronics. Due to the requirements of smart phone, tablet, personal computer and notebook that network(wifi, 3G …) transfer speeds are much faster, the process of antennal design have to make more research and development. The first step of traditional process is to mix metal catalysts into PC/ABS substrate, the second step is to use laser for patterning, by our request so that the catalysts are exposed, and then immersed into an electroless copper plating, solution to form patterns. If the exposed catalysts are uneven or insufficient, subsequent electroless copper plating will have some issues. The other unpatterned area still has metal catalyst even though it does not go through laser process. This will increase cost. On the other hand, the laser machine is expensive. If we do not use the laser process then the cost will be significantly reduced. This study will replace the traditional process with a direct inkjet printing process for cost saving In this study, we used inkjet printing technology to make patterns that we want. The patterns were directly defined by an inkjet printing tool. The printed in patterns could catch metal ions from an aqueous solution. Subsequently, metal ions were reduced by a reducing agent as catalysts for the following copper electroless deposition. After the copper electroless deposition, nickel electroless deposition was carried out to protect the copper film from oxidation. We use ATR-FTIR to cheack the changes of functional groups of every steps. We use XPS to cheack the adsorption of ions of every steps. We use SEM to Observe the grain of copper film and nickel film.　Adhesion between the deposited copper metal and the PC/ABS surface was evaluated by Scotch tape test. Results show that metal patterns formed by electroless deposition used as antenna of smart phones can be directly defined on PC/ABS substrate without using a laser process. The direct patterned metal films (Ni/Cu) on PC/ABS substrate has a good adhesion, implying that chemical bonding strength is as better as that caused by physical roughness.

碩士
中華大學
電機工程學系
104
This thesis focuses on the study of fabrication of single-side Indium tin oxide touch film for projective-capacitive touch by means of ink-jet printing technology. The main target is to develop a new fabrication process for eco-friendly and low-cost SITO film to accomplish the request of light-weight and slim for 3C product. Also the process is expected to replace photo-lithography, wet etching and other process, which are the traditional processes in touch industry, to reduce the cost of equipment investment, process steps and environmental pollution. 　　　This thesis comprises SITO film touch module design, introduction and selection for inkjet-printing equipment, testing for inkjet-printing material, development of inkjet-printing process and fabrication of touch module, and electrical test of touch module. In the designed process, two inkjet-printing techniques, piezoelectric Inkjet-Printing and Aerosol jet printing are introduced for fabrication of Insulator and Bridge structure respectively on patterned ITO film for SITO design. 　　　At the end of the thesis, one 3.5 inch projective-capacitive SITO film touch module is fulfilled successfully. It proves the feasibility of this design and fabrication, which provides a competitive solution for touch industry.