Tesis sobre el tema "Prière – Christianisme – 30-600 (Église primitive)"
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Marasescu, Radu. "Le symbolisme de l'entrée au sanctuaire selon les rites orientaux : l'exemple de la "Prière du Voile" dans la "Liturgie de saint Jacques"". Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE5002.
Texto completoThe first chapter traces the history of the main traditional contributions (Prophetic, Qumranite, Pharisaic and those found in the books of the New Testament) to the development of a spiritual conception of the Temple (the Apocalyptic genre is covered in the second chapter). The second chapter is an attempt to define the Christian use of symbols. Compared to Greek (Platonic) and Jewish cosmologies, the reality of the Incarnation helps us determine the specific virtue of the Christian symbol to unite two realities, Heaven and Earth. The theurgic function of the Christian symbol is discussed in the context of the typological interpretation – via the “Letter to the Hebrews” – of the Temple ���imaginaire” by the Christian liturgy. The third chapter explores the Temple “imaginaire” in the rites of the Eastern liturgy. This research concentrates on the dynamics of the “entrance behind the Veil” as a passage from the earthly to the heavenly reality. It is around these dynamics that this analysis of the symbolism of the Veil, as well as other connected rites (like that of the priestly vestments and the use of incense) is built. The heavenly liturgy is the summation of these symbolic systems
Sanchez, Sylvain Jean Gabriel. "La "secte " des spirituels de Priscillien d'Avila : doctrine et pratique : Priscillianisme et manichéismedu IVe au VIe siècle". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040256.
Texto completoAre there any links between Priscillianism and Manicheism outside the common heresiological accusations ? Priscillian is a schismatic Catholic. He has a good knowledge of manichean and gnostic teachings but his doctrine and his observance are more inspired by the Bible and by the christian tradition. The tendentious elements in his Treatises (the anthropological dualism, the divine origin of the soul, the use of the Apocrypha, etc. ) did not harm the integrity of Avila's bishop but they constituted gnostic and manichean seeds that sprouted in the following generation. The Priscillianists of the Vth and VIth centuries move away from Catholicism by toughening and amplifing these tendentious elements. Through the choice of the problems and the observance that the Priscillianists regard as important (we notice a revival of astrology, of the gnostic myth of the soul, of the exalting of virginity and the rejection of marriage, of the dissimulation by untruthfulness, of rigorous food abstinence, etc. ), the movement takes a clearly heretical direction
Nicolas, Charles. "Les prières de l'empereur romain : Pratiques religieuses du gouvernant, de la collectivité et de l'individu, d'Auguste à Théodose Ier". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040185.
Texto completoThe prayer is a tangible practice and a historical fact. It implies recognition of the power of words and gestures. The study of its nature and evolutions improves knowledge of religious behaviours and setups. Prayers made by pagan or Christian Roman emperors involve representation of their power and show the complex relationship between the person, the community and the divine world. However, the available documentation and the specificity of different religious systems lead to adopt a relative synchrony. The prayers said in public cults are used to study the relationship between the imperial person and public community. It is then possible to have a long-term discussion of the supposed changes or mutations of these responsibilities and their images. The nature of Roman prayers can be discussed by the modern interrogations about antique religions and concepts such as spiritualization, individualization and collective performance. The definition of the Roman emperors worship landscape allows reconsidering the very meaning of individual prayer together with its religious and social issues. All these approaches extend harmoniously from Paganism to early Christianity. The position of emperors in community worship, the development of specific worship setup and representation of individual or personal prayers are part of an historical study focused on the slow formation of a diverse Roman imperial Christianity
Herring, Ingrid. "Le reflet des valeurs sociales et culturelles romaines traditionnelles dans la théologie pélagienne". Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100025.
Texto completoThe object of this thesis is to show the traditional Roman character of Pelagian theology and identify the Roman aristocratic values expressed in Pelagian views. A brief theological explanation of certain concepts that characterize this theology as well as secular Roman attitudes is given. The legal and traditional Roman aspect of Pelagian theology is then analysed, showing the importance of the notion of law and its role, the concept of equity and merit in divine law, the contractual aspect of Pelagian theology and its utilitarian character, the concept of justice and retribution and lastly the purpose of punishment as a detterent to crime. The way Pelagians appropriate traditional Roman aristocratic values is examined i. E. Their elitist attitude, their approach to ascetism, the influence of cerrain Stoic concepts, and the importance of culture and wisdom. This thesis examines the views of various Pelagian authors
Rebillard, Éric. "La pastorale des mourants dans la chrétienté latine (IVème-Vème siècles)". Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040123.
Texto completoAt the end of the fourth century, fear of death and judgment were interpreted as a weakness and even as the fruit of bad conscience. With Augustine, theology of original sin introduces a new point of view: fear of death is the instinctive reaction of a nature which would not have known death without Adam’s sin. To be troubled about divine judgment is the sign of a Christian fully aware of being a sinner; one who puts his confidence solely in the mercy of god. Such a discourse, which is the same in the sermons of Peter Chrysologus and Leo the great, stands out in contrast to the preaching of Ambrose of Milan and bishops contemporary with him in northern Italy. In addition to the teaching of the sermons one ought to consider ministry to the dying. The need for spiritual care seems to take precedence over concern for penitential discipline: Holy Communion at the hour of death is a true consolation for the Christian who has no other hope than divine mercy. The purpose of this dissertation is to trace these shifts in preaching on death and in pastoral care for the dying and to explore, from an historical perspective, their foundation in Christian spirituality
Chamberland, Luc. "Le rôle des familles dans l'expansion du christianisme au cours des deux premiers siècles : une étude socio-historique". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48912.pdf.
Texto completoGaultier, Marjorie. "La diffusion du christianisme dans la cité de Salone : de la persécution de Dioclétien au pontificat de Grégoire le Grand (304-604)". Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002459420204611&vid=upec.
Texto completoSalone, the capital of Dalmatia, gives over martyrs to Diocletian persecution. Worshipped in the 4th century, the Church has few religious buildings at its disposal. As an ecclesiastical metropolis in the 5th century, it becomes influent and gets involved in religious conflicts. Evangelisation spreads to two ports of "ager", which had basilicas and baptisteres. The nomination of fallen emperor Glycerius at the episcopat of Salone proves how influent this siege was. Under the Ostrogothic government, christianism invades "vici" and "villae rusticae" and spreads to new places. Letters from Pope Gelase reveal that Damatia is threatened by heresy, which was the main factor of the struggle opposing the Pope and Constantinople. In the 6th century, the Church had extended its autority all over the territory and knew how to take benefit of the opposition between the two "partes". This game of influence gets to a climatic point with the schism of Maximus, who was opposed to Pope Gregory the Great, Whose tenacity submits this bishop to roman primate
Levieils, Xavier. "Le regard des nations : la critique sociale et religieuse du christianisme des origines au concile de Nicée (45-325)". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040160.
Texto completoThe persecution of the Church ordered by the Roman State, whether it was by local magistrates or on imperial command, was the most visible manifestation of the hostility directed against Christians during the first three centuries of our era. In reality however, this persecution, more virulent in some of its episodes than in others, was merely the crystallisation of the rejection of Christianity already expressed by the population at large. Christianity, spreading rapidly beyond its original Jewish context, was perceived by Greco-roman society through the deforming lens of ideas and values entirely foreign to it. For this reason, Christians became the victims of religious and social categorisations which forced them into the margins of society. Christianity's assimilation with superstition (Jewish origins, irrational doctrine, recruitment from the masses, doubtful practices [magic, anthropophagy, ritual murder, sexual debauchery, Christ-worship, cross-worship, sun-worship, ass-worship]) and the accusations against it of atheism (a reaction against its exclusive monotheism) and of 'hatred of mankind' (non-adherence to the common values [civil, familial or political]) reveal that public opinion played a crucial role preceding the measures taken against Christians, and that the antichristian hostility was a reactionary movement against a group that threatened the basic structures of the City
Achet-Haushalter, Marie. "DVLCEDO MEA SANCTA. Penser, expérimenter, communiquer la douceur dans le christianisme antique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL001.
Texto completoThis study approaches Ancient Christianity from the perspective of the history of sensibilities. Sweetness is very present in ancient Christian sources, to describe a sensory or affective feeling experienced in the various fields of religious experience: sacramental rituals, liturgy, collective emotions, but also in contact with the Bible, or in a form of direct inner experience of the divine. We are interested in the various ways in which this experience is expressed and interpreted, the concrete practices to which it can be linked, but also the way in which sweetness is viewed from the point of view of moral standards, and the role given to it in the pedagogy deployed by preachers towards the Christians. In this way, we have highlighted the sensitive and affective dimensions of the religious experience of ancient Christians, and the way in which sensitivity is valued in relation to ancient conceptions, thus heralding the Middle Ages
Mekkattukulam, Jiphy Francis. "L'initiation chrétienne selon les Actes de Thomas : l'unité liturgique et théologique du don de l'"onction"-baptême-eucharistie" : étude historique, liturgique et théologique des cinq "Récits d'initiation chrétienne" selon les versions syriaque et grecque des Actes de Thomas". Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040153.
Texto completoThe Acts of Thomas (= AcTh), a corpus handed down mainly in Syriac and in Greek, form part of the apocryphal literature, and narrate the deeds of the apostle Thomas in India. The corpus consists of five Narratives that witness both the actions and the liturgical prayers that help “to become a Christian”. The present thesis is a research from a historical, liturgical and theological point of view on the textual findings of the Narratives based on the two versions that we have today, namely the Syriac version edited by W. Wright and the Greek version edited by M. Bonnet. The first part of the thesis situates the Christian initiation in its historical context and the second part analyses liturgical and theological content of the five Narratives. The third part of the thesis reveals the specificity of the liturgical practice and the theological understanding of the rite of Christian initiation according to the AcTh. The liturgical content being that, at the demand of the candidates for "rušmā" / " sphragis", the apostle gives them “Anointing-Baptism-Eucharist” in a single liturgical celebration. One of the important findings of this research is that the Holy Spirit who is called upon in two of the Epiclesis of the Narratives was not part of the original texts, but is indeed a later addition resulting from the Trinitarian and Pneumatological discussions in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The shift from a Christological perspective, which is present in the entire corpus, to a Pneumatological perspective in the liturgical texts, shows how the AcTh evolved in tune to the theological developments that took place in the history of the ancient Church
Basquin-Matthey, Carine. "Entre thaumaturges et reliques : le retour des miracles dans les sources chrétiennes latines de 360 à 430". Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100005.
Texto completoThe miracles of living thaumaturgists, attested in the time of Jesus and the apostles in the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles, but also in the apocryphal Acts of the Apostles in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, had ceased, when in the 4th, Christian authors began to describe new miracles in Latin Christian sources. This was a real novelty, judged so amazing that the first writings about thaumaturgists, the Life of Anthony of Athanasius of Alexandria (around 360), the Life of Gregory Thaumaturgus of Gregory of Nyssa (about 380) and the Life of Hilarion of Jerome (about 390) do not attribute their heroes all the miracles attributed to Jesus and the apostles. It is necessary to wait for the Life of Martin (towards 397) to see a description of a thaumaturgic power equivalent to that of Christ. Parallel to this return of the miracles accomplished by God through certain particularly pious human beings, during their lifetime, there was the appearance, a little earlier, of this thaumaturgical capacity through the intermediary of relics. The veneration of the relics, on the other hand, was rather related to the belief that the divine uirtus, manifested in the bodies of the martyrs at the moment of their torments to help them bear the pain, remained in their bones or ashes. The definition of the ascetic life as a slow and voluntary martyrdom explains that it was then possible to extend this schema to the relics of ascetics. However, the latter had been able to acquire this uirtus before the moment of their death, as their thaumaturgical miracles proved. From this point of view, they were therefore closer to the Old Testament prophets or apostles than martyrs
Racinet, Sabine. "Peuplement et christianisation dans la partie occidentale de la province ecclésiastique de Reims". Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIML012.
Texto completoBatut, Jean-Pierre. "Pantocrator, "Dieu le Père tout-puissant" : recherche sur une expression de la foi dans les théologies anténicéennes". Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040026.
Texto completoThe subject of this study is the first words of the symbol of Christian faith, which were worked out long before the council of Nicaeum (325) ; it questions the origin and meaning of the word Pantocrator (omnipotens, "almighty"), which qualifies "god the father" the appearance of this word in the Greek bible, then its use in the nine occurrences of the new testament, are examined in turn. The study then revolves around how the early Christian literature (apostolic fathers and apologists) uses it to express both gods paternity and his role as creator. The first part of this research thus leads to Theophilus of Antioch, who was the first to give an accurate definition of the Pantocrator : he who "maintains and contains all things" {ad autolycum i, 4). The second part aims at studying the theology of the Pantocrator and "Pantocratoria" (god's rule and his own realm), as expressed by the great authors of the end of the second and fist part of the third centuries : Irenaeus, Hippolytus and Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria and Origen. With all these authors, the Pantocrator holds an important place : in the struggle of Irenaeus against the gnostics, it compels us to identity the god of the new testament with that of the old ; in the fight of Hippolytus and Tertullian against the monarchians, it highlights the distinction between father and son, while underlining the transmission to Christ of the father's prerogatives over the universe ; with Origen at last, it contributes to account for the link between arche and telos. +it is through his son that the father is Pantocrator; (peri archon i, 2, 10), i. E. In the relationship between god and god which gives us the key to the relationship between god and the world by putting an end to history and summing it up in divine life itself, at the moment when god will be "all in all" (7 corinthians 15, 28). The mystery of the world is that of its "filial assumption" (huiothesia) in the mystery of god the father Pantocrator
Aragione, Gabriella. ""Nomos basileus" Les débats sur la loi dans le christianisme aux IIe et IIIe siècles". Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE5013.
Texto completoTerrien, Marie-Pierre. "La christianisation de la région rhénane du IVe siècle au milieu du VIIIe siècle". Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR2014.
Texto completoThis thesis explores the beginning of Christianization in the towns of Rhineland, drawing on and confronting both archaeological remains of churches and primary written sources. It attemps to study the problem of the martyrs of Rhineland and to establish if the legends are justified by history. It wants to clarify some aspects of Christianity in the fourth century and to review written sources in the light of the archeological material (chapter I). The next part of this chapter studies wether there was a break or a continuity in the towns of The Rhineland during the fifth century, with special reference to Christian inscriptions and graves's items, which were found in or around churches. Chapter II studies the expansion of Christianity during the sixth and seventh centuries in the small towns and in the countryside. And it tries to approach the problem of the adjustment of the Germanic world both to the roman world and to Christianity. It illustrates the mixing of the two worlds and of their customs, using written sources, inscriptions and iconography. Chapter III is an analysis and an interpretation of the cemeteries of Germany (the so-called Reihengraberfelder), based on the confrontation of French, English and German interpretations. It argues that well-furnished graves do not necessarily reflect the deceased's prestige and the structure of Germanic society, but probably a ritual. The next part of this chapter examines if the presence of artefacts in the grave and the mode of burial (cremation, inhumation. . . ) can be interpreted as an indication of ethnicity and of religion. Its aim is to suggest that furnished graves are not necessarily German graves. And that we must distinguish items with real Christian ornament from objects which are not necessarily Christian
Patrin, Viacheslav. "La prière dans les Apophtegmes des Pères". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040066.
Texto completoThe Apophtegmata Patrum reached us in the form of two classical collections of the late fifth century which regroup the sayings of the great ascetics of the fourth and the fifth century, especially Egyptian ones, as well as anecdotes illustrating their teaching. This influential, fragmentary literature is studied here in order to determine what the prayer of those great monks was. After the presentation of collections, Part I is devoted to terminology, then to typology and modalities of prayer which were studied with the help of other monastic texts of the same epoch. Part II examines the historical background and highlights the importance of the controversy with Messalians, and that with Origenists, for the evolution of the monastic prayer. The last chapter is dedicated to an important particular case, that of Anthony the Great, who is known to us by the Apophtegmata, as well as by his letters and his Life written by Athanasius
Karakostanoglou, Jean. "Le phenomene de l'extase dans le monde grec des trois premiers siecles de notre ere". Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040005.
Texto completoThe ectasy is studied as a phenomenon and not as a notion. With this phenomenon, we must understand the ultimate mystical experience of the immediate and direct union with god, right from here below. This experience constitutes a mode of existence and a mode of know ledge as well. The research also presents the whole itinerary which leads to this aim and which constitutes the mystical way. But, the different philosophical and religious systems do not conceive in the same way, neither the mystical way nor the ecstasy itself. The study compares both of the main thinkings of the three first centuries : neoplatonism -plotinus, porphyry, jamblichus (with the theurgy which influenced him), -on one hand and christianity -scriptures, martyrs'visions patristic from the apostolic fathers till origen, -on the other hand. It tries to show how the different conceptions of these two worlds, at the cosmological, theological and anthropological levels, condition ecstasies also different. The differences concern the object of the ecstasy. The subject who experiments it, the way to get it, the ecstatic state, its cognitive character and its goal. Nevertheless, in the christian tradition of this period, the two alexandrians'thinking, clement and origen, departs a little from the orthodox line and presents certain similarities with the greek philosophical thinking
Chalmet, Philippe. "Signes, miracles et prodiges : les Actes Apocryphes des Apôtres : des récits chrétiens de miracles dans le monde gréco-romain des trois premiers siècles". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20066.
Texto completoFauvarque, Bernard. "Fin de Rome, fin du monde ? L'évolution des conceptions eschatologiques de la fin de Rome de Marc Aurèle à Anastase". Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040235.
Texto completoThe book of revelation and more generally the eschatological material was of great importance throughout the troubled times of the Roman Empire from the time of Marc Aurele. Their anti-roman contents was progressively weakened by the church in search of closer bonds with the roman state. The empire's conversion to Christianity and the renovatio imperii illustrated by the foundation of a "new Rome" in the east during the IVth century, confirmed such a tendency ; the new state seemed to be the very place where eschatological hopes would be realized. Nevertheless, predictions of all kinds continued to circulate, revived in different ways by pagan reaction, heterodox movements and even by the monastic movement, hostile to a church which had widely established itself in the "saeculum". Vth century's barbarian invasions were largely viewed as signs announcing the end of the world, in spite of the dedramatization undertaken by st Augustine. The eschatological and millenarianist interpretation of the facts were nevertheless at the origin of a more positive view of the "barbarian". The latter finally opened the way to the birth of a new Christian kingdom, the kingdom of francs -born on the ruins of the Western Roman Empire
Charpin, Ploix Marie Lucie. "Union et différence : une lecture de la mystagogie de Maxime le Confesseur". Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040158.
Texto completoTajadod, Nahal. "Les porteurs de lumière : péripéties de l'Eglise chrétienne de Perse IIIe-VIIe siècle". Paris, INALCO, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INAL0016.
Texto completoWeissenburger, Fabienne. "Evêques et conciles dans la Gaule du IVe siècle". Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA1022.
Texto completoCarle, Jacques. "Porphyre "contre les chrétiens" : édition, traduction et commentaire". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10014.
Texto completoDesmulliez, Janine. "La christianisation de la Campanie jusqu'en 604". Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040218.
Texto completoThe aim of this research work is to show the different stages of the development of Christianity in Campania, an area which played a major part in the history of Italian Christianism. The critical examination of hagiographic sources, the study of a few literary and conciliar documents, the contribution of archeology enable us to refute some legends and to conclude that christianization was not prior to the middle of the third century. As early as the fourth century, Campania was confronted with religious crises like all the other parts of the western Christian world, arianism and pelegianism. But it had an originality of its own owing to its geographical situation as a cross roads. It was a sort of crucible where roman, African, Greek and oriental influences fused as the architecture and the ornamentation of early Christian monuments show. The third part takes us to Cimitile near Nola where Paulinus, a converted aristocrat, founded a monastic community by the tomb of saint Felix. Cimitile was to become one of the main centers for the propagation of Christian culture in the west as attested by the exchange of letters between Paulinus and Augustine, Jerome, Sulpicius Severus. Between 431 and 536, the number of dioceses increased, the benevolent bishops funded the construction of Christian monuments which altered the urban scene. Christianity spread among the rich and cultured aristocracy. Monasteries thrived as the foundation of one at Naples and that of saint Benedict at Monte Cassino showed. Between 536 and 604, over half the dioceses disappeared during the gothic and Lombardian wars but the aristocratic financial support continued with the construction of monasteries in Naples
Cillières, Hélène. "La place et le statut des femmes dans les communautés chrétiennes des deux premiers siècles en milieux judéen et gréco-romain : approche historique comparative des sources antiques". Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE5001.
Texto completoDespite the growing number and strength of feminist studies, historical studies on the issue of women in Antiquity are really lacking nowadays. The approach proposed here is based on a historical and comparative reading of sources which bring elements on the place of women in the first two centuries. First of all, we try to distinguish, by the analysis of the roman, judaean and rabbinic legal literature, the points of inspiration and the bases of the Christian writers’thought on the question of the status of women in society. Lastly, we propose a argued presentation of the Christian sources which give indications on the place, titles and functions occupied by women in the Christian communities. Thus, the legal status of women, belonging to the Christian milieu, is certainly not a criteria which discriminate the other communities existing in the Roman empire. Indeed, the major question of the guardianship, with no doubt incited women to enter the Judaean nation, but not specifically the Messianic communities. However, with regard to the important presence of women in the Christian communities, it is possible to consider, as an explanation, the fact that the first Christians take into account the social questions, concerning particularly the women. While cohabiting with the surrounding groups, from which even some of their members come from, the christian communities seem to have proposed an "alternative" to certain elements of societal nature, especially concerning the family domain
Letourneur, Marie-Joëlle. "Dépendance et esclavage : modèle référentiel pour la propédeutique hiéronymienne du parfait chrétien". Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1035.
Texto completoTo the IV and V centuries, Christendom is moving, the increase in the epistolary exchanges and the multiplication of the councils tend to bring closer the churches. Moreover, the monachism and the ascetism gain the Occident, of same that the recits of life of saints and the worship of the relics. In light, the expansion of christianity accelerate and penetrate the majority of the provinces as attests of it the collection of letters of Hieronymus. Indeed, the correspondence makes it possible to take the measurement of the economic, political and social changes. In fact, if Hieronymus is useful himself of slavery like model reference frame for his propaedeutics of the perfect Christian, it is because it considers that humanity is pecheress. For him, the stamping from sin and the accesses to the kingdom of heaven pass by the tender and the full whole obedience to Master the Saver and the divine commands. A double treatment of the dependence and slavery are observable in the study, visible in the fields of reality and of spiritual, the good Master is opposed to bad, the defects with the virtues
Barbe, Dominique. "Unanimitas et societas sanctorum : L'idée de communion des saints dans l'Occident chrétien de Tertullien à Grégoire le Grand". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040030.
Texto completoUnanimitas, a phrase pertaining to the Christian terminology, best expresses the communion of saints in the Western part of the late Antiquity; indeed, communio sanctorum remains a rare expression that only appeared by the end of the fourth century in the writings of Nicetas of Remesiana. For some renowned converts, unanimitas became more than just a quality deemed necessary to keep a friendly relationship: it is a genuine desire for fusion that can be found between two persons who are physically remote from each other, but also between living people and others that death, be it glorious or not, has placed in a hereafter that is difficult to reach. Unanimitas can only be achieved between Christians who experience it whenever they receive the Eucharist, or within the course of prayer. A binding leaven of the Church, it is at the core of all community life, from the family to the city and from circles of friends to monasteries. Furthermore, it breeds social practices, or justifies them, such as the celebration of saints, which cannot be comprehended without this particular metaphysical reference, as it also unites the faithful to his God
Bussières, Marie-Pierre y Ambrosiaster. "Les Traités contre les païens et Sur le destin de l'Ambrosiaster, auteur anonyme du IVe siècle : édition, traduction et commentaires". Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040167.
Texto completoLefèvre, Olivier. "Tertullien et le jeûne dans les premiers siècles de l'Eglise chrétienne : édition, traduction, commentaire du "De ieiuniis aduersus psychicos"". Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040013.
Texto completoDe ieiuniis aduersus psychicos is one of last papers of Tertullian, marked by his link with the sect of Montan. This treaty, of which there are no more handwritten records, except from some rare patristics and medieval witnesses, articulates around a double objective : the first one is directed to a defense of the practice of fasting, in particular the xerophagy and the station, from which the antiquity is guaranteed by the multiple examples taken from the Ancient and the New Testament to justify the grievances of novelty thrown by psychics. The second hides behind the polemical style and the subtle rhetoric of a precise and effective argumentation: fasting is the first instrument of the safety given by God to Man so as to recover the grace lost at the time of the Original Sin, which is a sin of greed. Fasting thus joins within the framework of a reflection both soteriologic because Man has to implement everything to become reconciled with God and because he therefore/thus gets ready to face the powers of flesh and the persecutions of the end of time. Instead of the formula " let us eat and let us drink, because tomorrow we will die ", Tertullian offers another one: " let us fast, because tomorrow we will die " (Iei. 17, 5). The originality of this treaty, very often misunderstood, does not live so much in the formal debate which motivates it as in the double information it gives: it is about a major text in the history of food and religious practices of the Roman society of Carthage at the beginning of the third century A. D; it also imposes itself in the literary and mystic history of the Church, by the originality of its author
Jourdan, François. "La mort du messie en croix dans les églises araméennes et sa relation à l'islam jusqu'à l'arrivée des mongols en 1258". Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040067.
Texto completoIs the fact of muslims denying the messiah's death on the cross definitely irremediable and what does it mean? The fact of his crucifixion constitutes the kernel of gospels and the heart of liturgy in the aramean churches, in spite of the exhausting and overrunning christological quarrels. Hadith and commentators deny this fact, whereas the Qour'an does not reproach the christians for attesting it, but the jews for thinking that they have got the better of "isa through his crucifixion. It is mostly religious and political christianity which is the basis of muslim's position, as they have another vision of the same god. However, Islam might admit the fact some day, provided that christians and muslims would really accept god's non-violence through the cross, in the same way as nestorians and Francis of Assisi, Charles de Foucault, Massignon or Gandhi have been able to understand it
Bernardi, Piergiuseppe. "La rappresentazione di cristo nell'arte paleocristiana : il riflesso del teologico nella sfera del figurativo". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0074.
Texto completoThe present research aims at showing how it is possible to catch a correspondence of the image of Christ along the evolution of the paleo Christian iconography, with the main doctrinal contents risen up from the theological debate and established on Christ formulation during the councils of the first six Christian centuries. This correspondence will show the main aspects of a gradual stratification of the sense of Christ image. It will get new values without losing the ones acquired previously. This will come up through a process related to a previous Hellenic iconcosmos and aligned to the protochristian christological doctrinal development. This process will be made up of three main pillars. The figure of Christ as Saviour associated with the cornerstone of the original Christian message. The figure of Christ as God wherein his splendour is shining as divine Logos formalized by the Council of Nicaea. Finally, the image of Christ as human-God that has been declared by the Council of Chalcedon. The research can be considered as a tillage of a field that has been poorly explored so far, and it addresses the relationship of the theological practice and reflection evolved in the Christian environment of the first six centuries with a corpus of images related to the figure of Christ representing the same age. On the one hand, the main effort will be directed toward the analysis of the hypothesized correspondence in terms of effectivity and of entity. On the other hand, based on the idea that the correspondence couches on a coherent plausibility, the objective is the identification of a primary research stream
Bélanger, Steeve. "La construction d'une conscience identitaire chrétienne du Ier au IIe siècle". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28683/28683.pdf.
Texto completoRilliet-Maillard, Isabelle. "Païens et chrétiens devant la mort aux 3e et 4e siècles : Recherches sur les sarcophages et le décor funéraire". Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040047.
Texto completoThis study dedicated to the chronology of the pagan and christian sarcophagus with double portrait in medaillon in the fourth century a. C. , has tried to treat the pieces in their archeological whole. Therefore, an especially attention was given to the next problems: sculpture, technique, production and diffusion of the sarcophagus, marbler problem, workshops, evolution of the mentality in regards of the decoration. The sarcophagus production of the third century a. C. Has been considered for a point of comparison, when the fourth's one has been collected in a exhaustive corpus. The detailled style of the portrait in medaillon has precised or rectificated the sarcophagus chronology between 300 and 410. The science of the portrait's sculpture has also been enriched by the regrouping made with the relief's portraits of the sarcophagus, regrouping based not only on the feature of the hair-style but on the whole of the head
Davier, Fabien. "Les écrits catholiques de Tertullien : formes et normes". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482060.
Texto completoSoler, Emmanuel. "Le sacré et le salut à Antioche IVè siècle après J. -C. : Pratiques festives et comportemants religieux dans le processus de christianisation de la cité". Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL313.
Texto completoIn the 4th century in Antioch, city renowned for its christendom, the festive and exuberant form reveals the entire religiosity of people. They all join big pagan jubilation feasts during which they share the drunkenness and the Dionysiac type of transgression. They celebrate the jewish feasts as well as the Christian feasts. They build up ceaseless festive processions because there are a lot of religious feasts in a pagan, Christian, Jewish and Manichean city. The Antiochenes long for salvation first and find its promise in the ceremony of the festive time, by watching stars and days, and in its celebration in a bacchanalian way. Dionysus is present in antioch through a lot of Dionysiac festivals and through this ineradicable festive koine, which transforms all the religious feasts into dionysiac feasts, even when people celebrate Zeus, Christ or the christian martyrs. This festive form is the stumbling block on which the theurgical and neo-platonic project of the emperor Julien broke. In the middle of the 4th century, with the help of notables and pagan intellectuals interested in the art of divination, he tried to restore the sacrificial worship which was declining. The group of Meletians lead by the bishop Flavien and the preacher John Chrysostom emerged from a Christian Church divided by the Arian crisis and the schism which breaks out between the opponents of arianism, under the emperor Julien. This Christian group decides to restore the faith of nicea and to make christianity, the only religion in antioch. In this aim, the members develop the martyrial worship and try to substitute Christian processions for dionysiac processions. In the end of the 4th century, even if the antiochenes continue jumping like Bacchus followers, the christianity process and the faith of nicea have gained ground in the city
Malick-Prunier, Sophie. "Le corps féminin et ses représentations poétiques dans la latinité tardive". Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040078/document.
Texto completoA striking constancy in the use of themes, images and literary techniques in poems spanning from the Classical to the late Latin periods emerges once a prevailing principle in the Classical and Christian traditions is brought to the fore. According to this principle as revealed by these poems the female body is both dysfunctional and inferior. Whether it be the puella, the sponsa or the uirgo, the female body serves as the medium for an oft edifying discourse dominated by the traditional canons of beauty together with the virtues fides, pietas and pudor. It is nevertheless possible to underscore a notable shift in the tone of the late poetic discourse taken as a whole with respect to the female body : little by little the latter reaps the benefits from the growing influence of Christian texts and, in particular, from the implications of the mystery of Incarnation, to become the paradigm of the glorification of the flesh allowed by the sacrifice of Christ – this, notwithstanding the discourse of certain Fathers – and sung by the poets thanks to the resources afforded by a generous art form
Fourdrin, Jean-Pascal. "Les couvents paléochrétiens de l'Apamène". Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010553.
Texto completoThe mountains of Gebel Zawiye preserve the ruins of some monasteries built between 400 and 600 a. D. In the dioceses of apamea (eparchy of Syria secunda). Apamene was mainly chalcedonian before the introduction of monothelism at the beginning of the seventh century. Monasteries were surronded by a wall, the main entrance was bent, the church was included inside the biggest building, with a transversal nave and a square sanctuary on the east side
Estève, Dominique. "L'œuvre historique du pseudo-Hégésippe De bello iudaico : Livre I à IV". Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100170.
Texto completoWe present a translation and commentary of the first four books of De bello iudaico by pseudo-Hegesippus. The five books set is an adaptation of the seven books of the Jewish war by Flavius Josephus. It was written in the middle of the fourth century by a Christian writer who claims to be more a historian than a translator as proved by his many digressions. We discuss the problems raised by the identity of this author and by his pseudonym; then we determine the date of composition of his work. The comparison between each Latin book and corresponding Greek book brings out the thesis : providence favored the development of the roman empire to provide Christian oecumenism with the geopolitical framework best suited to its development throughout his geographical descriptions and his Jews and Romans portraits, he asserts his interpretation of history. He reuses the elements of the profane classical literary tradition to set out his apologetics
Martin, Annick. "Athanase d'Alexandrie et l'Église d'Égypte au IVe siècle (328-373)". Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040304.
Texto completoThe forty five years episcopate of Athanasius didn't only constitute an important stage in the christian history of the Roman Empire, making Alexandria the pole of the orthodoxy in the east. This long ministry, forged in the struggle for the orthodoxy of the faith defined at Nicaea, also strongly contributed to link Egyptian people, laity and monks, to christianism and to this struggle too. Thanks to his writings and pastoral travels in the country, he succeeded in maintaining the church's unity, the main structures of which he inherited; he took advantage of the new culture based on the Holy Scripture, highly developed by the monastic movement that he devoted to local mission. Even if he was, thanks to his personal authority, the first great bishop of christian Egypt, he wasn't the great leader whom the Nicene east church would have need in order to reestablish its unity because of the grievances sustained during the arian Constance’s reign; nevertheless, he contributed to the evolution of the trinitary and christologie definition of the nicaenum ; the Chalcedon council will remember
Macé, Jean Pierre. "Pénitence et rémission des péchés dans les communautés chrétiennes des IIème et IIIèmes siècles : de la Didachè à la Didascalie". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK003.
Texto completoThe early Christian communities faced their members peccaminous lives after their baptism, especially with three sins : idolatry, murder and adultery. In the Bible, these sins already constitued the Torah antithesis. If ancient authors from the II and the III centuries were interested in this matter, it was to be able to give an answer while introducing a second penance post-baptismal. In the area around Roma, a group of christians established this new principle with Hermas before it started to be developped by Tertullien in Carthage. For its part, the Syrian community who gave us the Didascalia organised it around the personn of the bishop. Our authors started to place the boundaries to be destined to protect their community members to retourn to paganism and judaism
St-Amant, Tommy. "Les démons chez Porphyre et Jamblique aux IIIe et IVe siècles apr. J.-C. : offrir le salut universel ou donner une aura sacrée aux philosophes?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66440.
Texto completoZiadé, Raphaëlle. "Les martyrs Maccabées et leur panégyrie dans l'Orient chrétien du IVè siècle". Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040182.
Texto completoThe maccabean martyrs, Jewish heroes from the epoch of the persecution of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, became integrated into the IV century Christian martyrology. Two Church Fathers, Gregory Nazianzen and John Chrysostom have written panegyrics in their honour. The Maccabean martyrs were known to the Christians through the 2 Book of Maccabees which forms part of the Septuagint canon, and through the apocryphal 4 Book of Maccabees. The eulogies dedicated to the Maccabean martyrs of John and Gregory are dependent on the epideictic tradition of the Second Sophistic. However they also follow the rhetoric model suggested by the 4 Maccabees. The teachings of this book have as well influenced the Church Fathers' preaching by suggesting a combination of the moral behaviour inspired by Greek philosophy and of the values of Judaism. The Maccabees were assimilated to the Christian Martyrs due to the christological bias in the exegesis of their martyrdom account. Their cult could thus be sanctified by a panegyric with all the attributes of a discourse appropriate on a Christian Martyrs' Feast. The Maccabean martyrs were particularly popular in Antioch where their tomb was located. Proving the legitimacy of these martyrs allowed the Church Fathers to establish them as examples of virtue and asceticism for the edification of all Christians
Jacon, Christophe. "La Question de l'unité de la Première Epître aux Corinthiens : étude à la lumière de l'épistolographie et de la rhétorique antiques". Strasbourg 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20018.
Texto completoThe first hypotheses on the compilation of I Corinthians date back to the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. At that time in research history, the first arguments were formulated in support of or opposing the composite nature of the epistle. Since then, research has only slightly progressed : ancient rhetoric and epistolography. .
Villey, Thomas. "Les juifs et le judaïsme en Afrique du Nord de 312 à 429". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN1035.
Texto completoThe purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to study the story of Jews and Judaism in North Africa from 312 AD to 429 AD. By „North Africa“ are meant the provinces which belonged to the diocese of „Africa“ since the reforms of Diocletian at the end of the IIIrd century AD (Tripolitana, Byzacena, Africa Proconsularis, Numidia, Mauretania Sitifensis, Mauretania Caesariensis), and the province of Mauretania Tingitana, which belonged to the diocese of Spain. 312 AD is the date of the victory of Constantinus over Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, by which Constantinus took control over Africa. 429 AD is the date of the invasion of Africa by Vandals. This doctoral dissertation seeks to determine what were the place and the identity of Jews and Judaism in one of the most christianized area in the Roman Empire, at least according to the documentation. It analyses too how their situation has evolved during a period where Roman North Africa was ruled by christian emperors who became more and more intolerant by the time towards pagans, heretics and Jews. This study is based on a close examination of archaeological, epigraphical, literary and legal evidences regarding the story of North African Jews and Judaism during that time
Francil-Le, Labourier Armelle. "La prédication de Césaire d'Arles : aspects littéraires, historiques et théologiques des "Sermons au peuple"". Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20005.
Texto completoThis study examine Caesarius of Arles's sixth-century work " Sermons au peule ". The analysis of this corpus provides evidence for the importance of the act of preaching in the Bishop of Arles's pastoral writings. It also shows the relatively small role of preaching in Provence in those times. Through his own example, through the expression of his opinions in provencal councils and through his workshop of scribes which widely spread his writings, Caesarius of Arles broke with tradition by restoring the importance of preaching. This attention to the Word was linked to a spiritual view of the world and a lifestyle that came from his monastic training. In all his writings it is stressed : the fight against the remains of paganism, the importance of the reading of the Holy Scriptures, the strict rules of behaviour in one's private life, help for the poor, dedication to the afterlife. His messages are dominated by an obsession with death and Divine Judgement. Even though his preaching attempted to arouse salutary fear in his audience, Caesarius of Arles was convinced that the believer had the means to participate in his salvation. This will to convey the Word to all of his believers, even those who were illiterate, led him to choose rusticitas, a level of language which seems to be connected to the monastic world
Brelaud, Simon. "Présences chrétiennes en Mésopotamie durant l’époque sassanide (IIIe-VIIe siècles) : géographie et société". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL146.
Texto completoThis dissertation looks at both the realities of the Christian presence in Mesopotamia and how the Christians constructed their own image. Established on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Christianity during the Persian Empire it developed under a shadowy non-Christian power, as with the case with the Roman Empire. However, the fate of Western and Eastern Christianities diverged when the Roman Empire became Christian. In Sasanian Mesopotamia, the treatment of Christians wavered between direct hostility from Zoroastrian power and periods of tolerance, until the fall of the dynasty in the middle of the 7th century. A form of linguistic and religious diversity characterized Mesopotamian Christianity. The lines between Christians and the other communities were narrow, which caused religious authorities to draw clear boundaries between Christians and non-Christians. Christianity expanded into the whole Sasanian society, including the peasantry and ruling elites. Therefore, after the 5th century, there was a large proliferation of East-Syrian literature and historiography, which had a key role in the development of the dominant Christian image within the Church of Persia. However, other literary traditions passed down different views of the Christians of Sasanian Mesopotamia
Andia, Ysabel de y Denys l'Aréopagite. "Recherches sur les noms divins et la théologie mystique de Denys l'Aréopagite". Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040353.
Texto completoThe thesis of Ysabel de Andia : Henosis. The union with god according to Dionysius the Areopagite covers the entire work of Dionysius. In the first part on the divine names, the union with god is considered in the great movement of procession and conversion from the union to the one, from its origin the Henosis, the divine unity within the trinity. Which is distinct from the diakrisis, the principle of the procession of gifts and names, to the one, towards which everything returns. The second part is a study of the mains passages of the divine names where the expression "beyond the intellect" is found, in their contexts and problematics. The third part considers the union and divinization in the ecclesiastical hierarchy according to three different points of view : origin (the Jesus' philanthropy) the aspects active (synergy) and passive (sympathy) and the means of the divinization, the sacrements, which operate the unification of the soul and union with god. The fourth part is the study of the union in unknowing in the mystical theology. The dionysian presentation of Moses' ascension is compared to that of Philon of Alexandria and of Gregory of Nyssa in their books on the life of Moses. The affirmative and the negative theology, ways to know god, are analyzed in detail. Finally, the "unknown god", term of the union, is. .
Boidron, Freslon Elina. "Discours de résistance dans les persécutions antichrétiennes (IIe-IIIe siècles) : recherches sur l'ad martyras, l'ad Scapulam et le de fuga in persecutione de Tertullien". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC037.
Texto completoThis dissertation consists in the critical edition, French translationand commentary of Tertullian’s Ad Martyras, Ad Scapulam and De fuga in persecutione. The edition is based on a new reading of five of the main manuscripts which contain the texts, on early and modern critical editions and on the readings of lost manuscripts given by humanist sources. The three texts deal with the antichristian persecutions. In the Ad martyras, where Tertullian writes to emprisoned Christians, persecution is seen as a trial ; in the Ad Scapulam, addressed to the Carthaginian proconsul, Tertullian intends to prevent him from persecuting Christians. At last, the treatise De fuga in persecutione encourages Christians to accept persecution even if they can flee it. We paid attention to the speech Tertullian elaborates both ad extra to deter Roman authorities from persecuting and ad intra to support Christians in trial
Lasanté, Michèle. "Les femmes chrétiennes de Rome aux 1er et 2e siècles". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25206/25206.pdf.
Texto completoMossong, Isabelle. "Der Klerus des spätantiken Italiens im Spiegel der epigraphischen Zeugnisse : eine soziohistorische Studie". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG045.
Texto completoIn Late Antiquity, the community of clerics is considerably expanding and appears henceforth frequently in inscriptions. This is why it is interesting to work out of this type of sources the social position of the clergy and ask for their distinctiveness within late antique inscriptions. At first, epigraphic evidence of clerics is to be resituated in the broad field of late antique inscriptions, before exposing the diversity of the inscriptions depending on the offices held and resolving the question of the clerics’ (self-) portrayal. The social status of the clergy, an analysis of the inscriptions’ role in the funerary context as well as a study of the domains in which clerics appear as proactive people are the central themes of chapter 3 to 5. In the epigraphical catalogue (vol. II) are presented 847 inscriptions of various types (mainly sepulchral and building inscriptions, poems of praise and graffiti), coming from all over the Italian peninsula