Tesis sobre el tema "Prévision en temps réel"
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Villien, Christophe. "Prévision de trajectoires 3-D en temps réel". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/VILLIEN_Christophe_2006.pdf.
Texto completoMonovskaya, Anna. "Prévisions temps-réel des conditions dynamiques critiques dans les systèmes contrôlés par impulsions". Troyes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TROY0001.
Texto completoThe safe and reliable energy conversion based on real-time emergency forecasting of the dynamics of pulse energy conversion systems (PECS) is studied in this thesis under realistic variations of environmental parameters, of PECS input energy and also of parameters of PECS themselves. The study is realized following three interrelated successive stages: present state stationarity analysis of the system, short-term emergency forecasting one-to-one and long-term forecasting. Accordingly, the particular purpose of this thesis is to increase the efficiency of real-time processes of emergency forecasting in PECS dynamics, based on decision-making one-to-one in the present system state by the both output signal time series and a-priori data on dynamics, with use of the bifurcation approach and PECS dynamics fractal regularities. The fundamental idea used for this purpose achievement consists in that, the present state of the system is mapped in real-time into 2-D specific spaces in which the motion existence domains are preliminarily formed, then the dynamics evolution is forecasted regarding the bifurcation boundaries of these domains. And the possibility of both, formation of motion existence domains without overlapping between them and structurization of stable system states within each of the domains, is stipulated by PECS dynamics fractal regularities. The particular algorithm of real-time emergency forecasting based on the abovementioned idea is worked out, with the results of numerical simulations in agreement with the experimental studies
Temimi, Marouane. "La prévision en temps réel des charges de polluants dans un réseau d'assainissement urbain". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2002. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/804/1/TEMIMI_Marouane2002.pdf.
Texto completoHans, Etienne. "Modélisation des lignes de bus pour la prévision temps réel et la régulation dynamique". Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENTP0006/document.
Texto completoBus is cheaper than other transport modes. However, maintaining optimal operations is harder than for streetcars or subways since buses are surrounded by traffic flows. Sometimes, buses of the same route bunch and travel together instead of keeping constant time headways. This phenomenon increases the average waiting time of passengers. As a result, they may tend to shift to other transport modes. This thesis proposes some methods to keep bus routes regular. Two main lines of research are investigated.First, classical models of bus routes do not account for external events like traffic signals and traffic flows. Due to this gap, existing control strategies only apply on buses through their drivers.Traffic flows are not controlled to favor buses compared to cars. Thus, the first area of research consists in refining bus models to account for external events. Several travel time estimation methods on urban arterials are proposed. They are based on the kinematic wave model (LWR). It is known to be a fine trade-off between simplicity and robustness to properly reproduce traffic dynamics.Second, control strategies are often applied once the bus route is too disrupted to be restored to regularity. Predictions of future bus route states could improve the efficiency of regulations. The second area of research consists in using the refined bus models in real time operations. The model forecasts the evolution of buses on their route for short-term. The predictions are evaluated thanks to real data to guarantee their quality. Then it enables regulations to be applied before bunching. In particular, height holding control methods are presented and compared in simulation
Aumond, Romain. "La non-linéarité cyclique, prévision en temps réel et son application à la gestion d'actifs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAG008.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to reconcile real-time identification of business cycle phases with asset management. The business cycle is characterized by phases of expansion and recession, with varying durations and amplitudes. Macroeconomic data used to identify these phases are marked by publication delays and asynchronicity in their availability. Markov-switching dynamic factor models are a typical econometric framework to manage these characteristics. In the wake of the extreme event of Covid-19 (in terms of the shock's magnitude and its relatively short duration), many models previously employed to identify and date regime changes in the economic cycle have become inadequate for capturing smaller-scale reversals.The first chapter of this thesis develops an extension of the aforementioned methodological framework by introducing dynamic volatility into the unobserved business cycle dynamics. This solution reduces the impact of extreme shocks in the regime identification process while retaining them to establish a more robust detection of future cyclical reversals. The delay and asynchronicity of macroeconomic data availability are crucial issues for policymakers and market participants.The second chapter of this manuscript introduces and demonstrates the utility of considering market price data to establish a more concurrent measure of cyclical downturns. A particular class of assets, the "Asset Swap spreads" (a risk premium fixed between two counterparts exchanging future corporate bond coupons for a risk-free rate), when aggregated, produce coincident evaluations of macroeconomic recessions. These prices help mitigate the opportunity cost induced by the absence or delay of official macroeconomic information. When applied in the context of hedging strategies, these signals prove to be highly useful for investors. Asset allocation must take into account economic downturns, but this factor alone is not sufficient in the portfolio construction process.The third chapter deploys a portfolio allocation based on the identification of macroeconomic regimes, adding signals related to market sentiment and monetary policy stance. Compared to a classic 60% equities/40% bonds portfolio, the performance based on the three-signal approach allows investors to optimize the risk-adjusted return during both stressed and expansion periods
Bernède, Jean-Pierre. "Algorithmes adaptatifs et qualitatifs de prévision des crues en temps réel : application au cas de l'Aveyron". Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT060H.
Texto completoYang, Xiaouliu. "Mise au point d'une méthode d'utilisation d'un modèle puis-débit conceptuel pour la prévision des crues en temps réel". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENPC9327.
Texto completoThe présent research is concerned with real-time flood forecasting based on conceptual rainfall-runoff modeling. The model used is GR3J model developed with daily time step. The first part of the study has focussed on validation of the model using hourly data and analysis of the model parameters : response surface, sensibility and variabiity. Founded upon the precedent step, a new methodology for adjusting model parameters has been worked out in the second part of the study. It is characterized by : 1) operational framework in which the adjustment is carried out over a short period in connection with the continuous operation of the model, 2) objective function involving the last two forecast errors and parameters deviations and 3) joint adjustment of model parameters with model state. The methodology has been tested on two french experimental basins
Habaieb, Hamadi. "Contribution à l'étude critique des algorithmes de prévision de crue en temps réel : exemples de l'Aveyron et de la Medjerdah". Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT015H.
Texto completoVlavonou, Firmin. "Modèle factoriel dynamique contraint à régimes markoviens pour l'évaluation en temps réel du cycle économique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30237/30237.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis is composed of three essays on real-time forecasting dynamic factor models. The main objective is to provide frameworks for high-frequency business cycle analysis in the presence of data revisions. This is relevant for three reasons. First, business cycle forecasting is a central question in macroeconometrics. Secondly, policy-makers would benefit from having access to timely, high-frequency information about business conditions to inform their decisions. Finally, decisions must frequently be made based on data that are subject to revision, and this data uncertainty should be incorporated into the decision-making process. After a review of the empirical business cycle literature and of models of business cycle turning points, we propose a rigorous framework for estimating monthly real US Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A recurring problem in this class of models is that estimates for monthly GDP are generally not consistent with quarterly estimates in the same way that quarterly estimates are not consistent with annual data. Our approach solves this problem. In the first essay (chapter 2), we develop and estimate a dynamic factor model treating the monthly Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as an unobservable latent variable. In contrast with existing approaches, the quarterly averages of our monthly estimates are exactly equal to the Bureau of Economic Analysis quarterly estimates. By construction, our monthly estimates have the advantage of being both timely and easy to interpret. The second essay (chapter 3) extends this framework by adding a Markov-switching model of business cycle regimes to the dynamic factor model. The model is now one with three levels, two of which have latent dependent variables. We pay particular attention to the sensibility of the usual indicators at turning points. The industrial production index, manufacturing and trade sales transmit more information about business cycle shocks to the common component (monthly GDP) than does employment. Finally, we integrate data revisions into our Markov- switching dynamic factor model in order to evaluate the effects of the revisions process on monthly estimates. It appears that data revisions have a significant impact on the co-movement of variables and on turning points without compromising the asymmetric nature of the business cycle. Keywords : Dynamic Factor Model (DFM), High-frequency, Real-time, Markov-switching, unobservable components, Revisions, co-movement, Turning points, Asymmetric, Business cycle.
Munier, Simon. "Modélisation intégrée des écoulements pour la gestion en temps réel d'un bassin versant anthropisé". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525756.
Texto completoDegas, Augustin. "Auto-structuration de trafic temps-réel multi-objectif et multi-critère dans un monde virtuel". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30058.
Texto completoIn many areas, simulation is a powerful tool to learn, visualize, and understand the impact of a decision at a given time on the entire system. The area of air navigation is not an exception. Air traffic simulation tools are essential in air traffic management, and must be able to generate a wide variety of realistic scenarios while taking into account different constraints observable by a simulation user, called situations such as traffic density, a flow typology, collisions, a weather event, or any other emerging event. Structuring traffic simulation to achieve realism and different situations is a complex task, given the many objectives and criteria to meet, the diversity of mobile entities and their multiple interactions, and the dynamics of the environment. In the field of air navigation, this complexity is very often managed by humans, whether by the scriptwriter expert who generates the traffic scenario after several hours of trial and error, or by human actors during the simulation that manage the real-time adaptation of the traffic if needed. Traditional resolution approaches have shown their limits to face the complexity of these applications. In this thesis, we propose to solve real-time structuring of a multi-objective traffic simulation by using the AMAS theory (Adaptive Multi-Agents Systems). In these systems, agents pursue local goals and interact in a cooperative manner. By their local interactions, the system is more robust and self-adapt to the dynamics of the environment, allowing the global function to emerge. After several studies, this theory has shown its adequacy to solve complex and dynamic problems. The objective of this work is to model and specialize this theory for the real-tile structuring of multi-objective and multi-criteria traffic simulation. For this purpose, the AGATS agent model with cooperative and local behaviors and interactions has been defined. This model is composed of two sub-models, AGEAS, for structuring the simulation according to a scenario, and CAAMAS, for enabling mobile entities to self-adapt to the scenarios and dynamics of the simulation. The results of the instantiation of these two models for air traffic simulation show the adequacy of the proposed approach for autonomous scenario generation
Barthélémy, Sébastien. "Assimilation de données ensembliste et couplage de modèles hydrauliques 1D-2D pour la prévision des crues en temps réel. Application au réseau hydraulique "Adour maritime". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0047/document.
Texto completoFloods represent a major threat for people and society. Flood forecasting agencies are in charge of floods forecasting, risk assessment and alert to governmental authorities and population. To do so, flood forecasting agencies rely on observations and numerical models. However numerical models and observations provide an incomplete and inexact description of reality as they suffer from various sources of uncertianties. Data assimilation methods consists in optimally combining observations with models in order to reduce both uncertainties in the models and in the observations, thus improving simulation and forecast. Over the last decades, the merits of data assimilation has been greatly demonstrated in the field of hydraulics and hydrology, partly in the context of model calibration or flood forecasting. Yet, the implementation of such methods for real application, under computational cost constraints as well as technical constraints remains a challenge. An other challenge arises when the combining multidimensional models developed over partial domains of catchment. For instance, 1D models describe the mono-dimensional flow in a river while 2D model locally describe more complex flows. Simply chaining 1D and 2D with boundary conditions exchange does not suffice to guarantee the coherence and the continuity of both water level and discharge variables between 1D and 2D domains. The solution lies in dynamical coupling of 1D and 2D models, yet an other challenge when computational cost must be limited. This PhD thesis was funded by Midi-Pyrénées region and the french national agency for flood forecasting SCHAPI. It aims at demonstrating the merits of data assimilation and coupling methods for floof forecasting in the framework of operational application. This thesis is composed of two parts : A first part dealing with data assimilation. It was shown that, under some simplifying assumptions, the Ensemble Kalman filter algorithm (EnKF) can be emulated with a cheaper algorithm : the invariant Kalman filter. The EnKF was then implemented ovr the "Adour maritime" hydraulic network on top of the MASCARET model describing the shallow water equations. It was found that a variance inflation algorithm can further improve data assimlation results with the EnKF. It was shown on synthetical and real cases experiments that data assimilation provides an hydraulic state that is in great agreement with water level observations. As a consequence of the sequential correction of the hydraulic state over time, the forecasts were also greatly improved by data assimilation over the entire hydraulic network for both assimilated and nonassimilated variables, especially for short term forecasts. It was also shown that a probabilistic prediction system relies on the knowledge on the upstream forcings ; A second part focusses on hydraulic models coupling. While the 1D model has a great spatial extension and describes the mono-dimensional flow, the 2D model gives a focus on the Adour-Nive confluence in the Bayonne area. Two coupling methods have been implemented in this study : a first one based on the exchange of the state variables at the liquid boundaries of the models and a second one where the models are superposed. While simple 1D or chained 1D-2D solutions provide an incomplete or discontinuous description of the hydraulic state, both coupling methods provide a full and dynamically coherent description of water level and discharge over the entire 1D-2D domain. On the one hand, the interface coupling method presents a much higher computational cost than the superposition methods but the continuity is better preserved. On the other hand, the superposition methods allows to combine data assimilation of the 1D model and 1D-2D coupling. The positive impact of water level in-situ observations in the 1D domain was illustrated over the 2D domain for a flood event in 2014
Belaid, Ikbel. "On line-off line placement and scheduling of real time hardware tasks on dynamically reconfigurable platforms". Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4019.
Texto completoThe placement and scheduling of hardware tasks are the cores of the real-time operating system. Both problems must be solved efficiently to enhance the placement quality expressed by the rate of resource fragmentation and configuration overhead, and to improve the scheduling quality represented by the temporal spanning of the application and the guarantee of real-time constraints. In the context of the mixed architectures such as System on Programmable Chip (SoPC), we suggest exploiting the physical features of these architectures especially the partial run-time reconfiguration. The first part of the thesis deals with preemptive independents tasks. It suggests analytic resolution by means of mixed integer programming solver using the Branch and Bound method to achieve off-line placement of these tasks on a SoPC. The Bees metaheuristic is also proposed to handle this problem and we suggest employing dynamically the Earliest Deadline First algorithm to perform the real-time scheduling. The second part of the thesis focuses on dependent tasks where each one runs after the completion of all its proposed to resolve statically the placement and scheduling of periodic hardware tasks in a sole directed acyclic graph (DAG) on a SoPC. . Four dynamic approaches are also proposed to place and schedule dynamically multiple DAGs with unknown behavior on several SoPCs. Basing on prefetch and reuse techniques, these approaches aim to reduce the temporal spanning of DAGs, and to improve the guarantee of real-time constraints and resource efficiency
Habert, Johan. "Prévisions des crues en temps réel sur le bassin de la Marne : assimilation in situ pour la correction du modèle hydraulique mono-dimensionnel Mascaret". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0017/document.
Texto completoFlood forecasting remains a challenge to anticipate and insure security of people. In France, the SCHAPI, wich depends on the MEDDE, takes this function. Water levels and discharges are highly dependent on interactions at different scales between rainfall, geometric characteristics of rivers and topographic, geological and soil properties of the watershed. Hydraulic models, used in the context of flood forecasting, are tainted by uncertainties which necessist to be quantified and corrected in order to better anticipate flow evolution in real time. The work carried out for this PhD thesis aims to improve water level and discharge forecasts on the Marne watershed, from hydraulic models used in the operational framework of flood forecasting using data assimilation methods. These forecasts come from a mono-dimensional (1D) hydraulic model Mascaret based on the resolution of Saint-Venant equations, improved by data assimilation methods using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). This thesis consists of five chapters, three dedicated to research and the two last to the operational application. The first presents data, tools and methods used to characterize the flood risk in the context of flood forecasting, as well as the Marne Amont Global (MAG) and Marne Moyenne (MM) models, subjects of application of data assimilation methods developed in this study. The second chapter covers hydraulic model uncertainties and data assimilation methodology (Kalman filter) applied in this thesis through DAMP in order to reduce them. In the third chapter, this approach is applied to the MAG and MM models for different flood events. In the fourth chapter, the April 1983 flood event allows to validate the corrections applied in the previous chapter for the MM model in an operational context. The uncertainties evaluations and the mapping of potential flooded zones are also reported. The real-time application of these data assimilation methods for MAG and MM models by SCHAPI and SPC SAMA is presented in the fifth chapter. This thesis takes place in a collaborative work where each member brings his own expertise : the hydraulic modeling for LNHE, the numeric methods for the CERFACS and operational forecasting for the SCHAPI. This thesis shows the benefits and complementarity of the evaluation of parameters and hydraulic state using data assimilation on water levels and discharges forcasted by a 1D hydraulic model, which is an important issue for the anticipation of hydrologic risk. These methods have already been integrated to the operational chain of flood forecasting of the SCHAPI and the SPC SAMA
Cablé, Baptiste. "Vers la gestion de scénarios pour la reconnaissance et l'anticipation de situations dynamiques". Troyes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TROY0007.
Texto completoOur study deals with the problem of recognition and anticipation of dynamic situations for user assistance. Existing tools like Hidden Markov Models or Petri Nets are already used in this context. However, learning this kind of models is complicated and slow. Thus, the de-signer has to specify every model of situation so that the program can work in real-time. Our solution is a generic algorithm which build itself the representation of the dynamic system. It adapts to the user and the situation in order to make predictions. Dynamic situations are modeled by scenarios. A scenario corresponds to a period during which every event has an influence on other. It is made of an ordered series of states and actions in the form of symbols. The algorithm is a kind of Case-Based Reason-ing method but some modifications are made. Representations and computations are oriented towards simplicity and speed. Moreover, the algorithm is suitable for problems which evolve in time. The approach is applied to two distinct fields. The first application consists in assisting the user of a powered wheelchair. Without knowing initially the environment, the algorithm memorizes the usual paths of the user. This knowledge is used to drive automatically the wheelchair during usual paths. The second ap-plication is dedicated to the assistance of novice players in a multi-player online game. Experience of dynamic situations is learned from all the players and is used to predict the consequences of every battle
Sainct, Rémi. "Étude des instabilités dans les modèles de trafic". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1067/document.
Texto completoHighway traffic is known to be unstable when the vehicle density becomes too high, and to create stop-and-go waves, with an alternance of free flow and congested traffic. First-order traffic models can't reproduce these oscillations, but higher-order models can, both microscopic (car-following models) and macroscopic (systems of conservation laws).This thesis analyses the representation of unstable traffic states and oscillations in various traffic models. At the microscopic level, because of the flux concavity, the average flow of these oscillations is lower than the equilibrium flow for the same density. An algorithm is given to stabilize the flow with multi-anticipation, using an intelligent autonomous vehicle.At the macroscopic level, this work introduces averaged models, using the fact that the spatio-temporal scale of the oscillations is too small to be correctly predicted by simulations. The averaged LWR model, which consists of two conservation laws, enables a macroscopic representation of the density variance in a heterogeneous traffic, and gives the correct average flow of these states. A comparison with the ARZ model, also of order 2, shows that the averaged model can reproduce a capacity drop in a more realistic way.Finally, this thesis presents the SimulaClaire project of real-time traffic prediction on the ring road of Toulouse, and its parallelized parameter optimization algorithm
Abou, Rjeily Yves. "Management and sustainability of urban drainage systems within smart cities". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10085/document.
Texto completoThis work presents the Real Time Control (RTC) of Urban Drainage Systems (UDS) within smart cities. RTC requires to understand the UDS operation and to perform simulations on measured, forecasted and synthetic events. Therefore, a Real Time Monitoring system (RTM) was implemented on the experimental site, and combined to a simulation model. A model auto-calibration process and hydraulic boundary conditions forecast system were developed, in order to simulate the hydrologic-hydraulic response. Aiming to protect the citizens and mitigate flooding consequences, the RTC was composed of a flooding forecast system followed by a dynamic management strategy. The proposed concept and methodologies were applied and evaluated on the Lille 1 University Campus, within the SunRise project. RTM was found very helpful in understanding the system operation and calibrating the simulation model. Genetic Algorithm followed by Pattern Search formed an effective auto-calibration procedure for the simulation model. NARX Neural Network was developed and validated for forecasting hydraulic boundary conditions. Once understanding the UDS operations, the RTC was developed. NARX Neural Network was found capable to forecast flooding events. A dynamic management for increasing a tank retention capacity, was studied based on calculating a Valve State Schedule, and results were satisfying by using Genetic Algorithm and a modified form of Artificial Bee Colony, as optimization methods. A qualitative management was also proposed and tested for verifying its potential in reducing flooding volumes
Pagetti, Claire. "Extension temps réel d'AltaRica". Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006316.
Texto completoDeux extensions du langage sont proposées : une version temporisée et une hybride. Ces extensions respectent les caractéristiques du langage initial et conservent les aspects de hiérarchie, de synchronisation, de partage de variables et de priorité statique. En outre, afin d'améliorer les descriptions temps réel, de nouveaux opérateurs de modélisation, comme l'urgence et les priorités temporelles, ont été ajoutés. Nous obtenons ainsi un langage hiérarchique de haut niveau de modélisation de systèmes temps réel.
Une étude formelle complète a été menée sur la sémantique du langage, le pouvoir d'expression des langages AltaRica temps réel et des moyens de traductions automatiques vers des modèles classiques existants. Ces algorithmes reposent sur la notion de mise à plat de modèle, i.e. réécrire le modèle sans sous composant.
Enfin, le langage temporisé est implanté dans un prototype qui étant donné un modèle le met à plat puis le traduit en automate temporisé. Ainsi, certains systèmes réels ont pu être modélisés puis des propriétés ont été vérifiées à l'aide du model checker UPPAAL.
Holländer, Matthias. "Synthèse géométrique temps réel". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0009/document.
Texto completoEal-time geometry synthesis is an emerging topic in computer graphics.Today's interactive 3D applications have to face a variety of challengesto fulfill the consumer's request for more realism and high quality images.Often, visual effects and quality known from offline-rendered feature films or special effects in movie productions are the ultimate goal but hard to achieve in real time.This thesis offers real-time solutions by exploiting the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)and efficient geometry processing.In particular, a variety of topics related to classical fields in computer graphics such assubdivision surfaces, global illumination and anti-aliasing are discussedand new approaches and techniques are presented
Holländer, Matthias. "Synthèse géométrique temps réel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0009.
Texto completoEal-time geometry synthesis is an emerging topic in computer graphics.Today's interactive 3D applications have to face a variety of challengesto fulfill the consumer's request for more realism and high quality images.Often, visual effects and quality known from offline-rendered feature films or special effects in movie productions are the ultimate goal but hard to achieve in real time.This thesis offers real-time solutions by exploiting the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)and efficient geometry processing.In particular, a variety of topics related to classical fields in computer graphics such assubdivision surfaces, global illumination and anti-aliasing are discussedand new approaches and techniques are presented
Ivol, Alexandre. "Le roman du temps réel". Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030011.
Texto completoOur work is based on the questionning about the way the experience of Time is represented in William Faulkner's and James Joyce's works. For this, we exclusively focused our attention on the stream of consciousness technique which allows the main character's inward thoughts to take over the narrative process as well as the issue at stake. Our demonstration consists in justifying the idea according to which the use of stream of consciousness changes the initial data of the narrative by imposing a time scale which has no longer anything to do with that of fiction, but which emanates from real Time, that is to say time without ellipsis, taking into account both elements of objective reality ( the hero's environment ) and of subjectivity ( his thoughts ans perceptions ). In our opinion, this temporal revolution in the heart of narrative ( which shakes the conventionnal form of the naturalist novel to its foundations ) corresponds to the true definition of what modernity represents in literary terms
Cabral, Giordano. "Harmonisation automatique en temps réel". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066236.
Texto completoBenmounah, Nadir. "Rendu temps-réel d'objets translucides". Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e76da47c-c965-4fbf-bdb6-7a2831e78925/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4031.pdf.
Texto completoThe reproduction of nature in computer-added applications knows a significant revolution. Translucidity enhances the realism virtual images. Light absorption simulation has taken profits of the abundant scientific literature in physics and optics, and of the last advancements in graphics cards technologies, to establish itself as a new branch in image synthesis research. In the scope of this thesis, we describe two different methods in real-time rendering of translucent objects. The first method allows real-time deformation of these objects, by means of flexible texture atlases. In the second, we focused on porcelain. This material is famous for its translucidity and its whiteness. Porcelain rendering is achieved after the acquisition of its optical properties and the use of Kubelka-Munk model
Sarni, Toufik. "Vers une mémoire transactionnelle temps réel". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750637.
Texto completoSalem, Habermehl Rym. "Répartition de programmes synchrones temps réel". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004703.
Texto completoGauthier, Martin. "Surveillance des réseaux en temps réel". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/49/1/GAUTHIER_Martin.pdf.
Texto completoBernaille, Laurent. "Classification temps réel d'applications sur l'internet". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066566.
Texto completoDelalandre, Cyril. "Rendu temps réel de milieux participants". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S168.
Texto completoImagine a movie with skies without clouds, a video game with explosions without smoke or fire. Participating media are mandatory for realistic-looking CG scenes. Rendering participating media is therefore a widely studied research topic focusing on the simulation of light interactions within translucent objects. Unlike solid objects where the light is simply reflected over the surface, participating media also absorb and scatter light. All of these interactions create complex effects such as volumetric shadows and soft shadows. We investigate the field of real-time rendering of participating media. We propose scalable algorithms ranging from real-time performance to production quality along with efficient graphics memory management. We first introduce the concept of transmittance function maps for fast estimation of single scattering in participating media. We then extend this concept to image-based lighting using spherical transmittance. We finally introduce the volume-aware extinction map to handle the massive scenes containing numerous and highly detailed media used in movie post-production
Tigori, Kabland Toussaint Gautier. "Méthode de génération d’exécutif temps-réel". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0019.
Texto completoIn embedded systems, specialization or configuration of real-time operating systems according to the application requirements consists to remove the operating system services that are not needed by the application. This operation allows both to optimize the memory footprint occupied by the real-time operating system in order to meet the memory constraints in embedded systems and to reduce the amount of dead code inside the real-time operating system in order to improve its reliability. In this thesis, we focus on the use of formal methods to specialize real-time operating systems according applications. One major difficulty using formal models is the gap between the system model and its implementation. Thus, we propose to model the operating system so that the model embeds its source code and manipulated data structures. For this purpose, we use finite state model (possibly timed model) with discrete variables and sequences of instructions which are considered as atomic manipulating these variables. From the operating system model and an application model, the set of reachable states of the operating system model describing the code needed during application execution is computed. Thus, the source code of the specialized operating system is extracted from the pruned model. The overall approach is implemented with Trampoline, a real-time operating system based on OSEK/VDX and AUTOSAR standards. This specialization technique ensures the absence of dead code, minimizes the memory footprint and provides a formal model of the operating system used in a last step to check its behavior by using model checking. In this context, we propose an automatic formal verification technique that allows to check the operating systems according OSEK/VDX and AUTOSAR standards using generic observers
Semghouni, Samy Rostom. "Modélisation stochastique des transactions temps réel". Le Havre, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LEHA0012.
Texto completoReal-time database systems (RTDBSs) are systems designed to address the applications which need real-time processing of large quantities of data. An RTDBS must guarantee the transactions ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) properties on one hand, and must schedule the transactions in order to meet their individual deadlines, on the other hand. In this thesis, we focus on stochastic and probabilistic study of the behavior of real-time transactions. The study is conducted under some assumptions such as the arrival mean of transactions, transactions type, concurrency control protocol (an optimistic and a pessimistic), and scheduling policy. We have then designed and developed a flexible and extensible RTDBS simulator, on which the study is done. The obtained results have shown that the transactions behavior can be approximated by a probabilistic model. The model is used to predict the transactions success ratio according to the system workload. We also propose a new scheduling policy for real-time transactions which uses criteria based on both transaction deadlines and transaction importance. This policy contributes to enhance the system performances (maximization of committing transactions), improving then the RTDBSs quality of service
Halaq, Hanan. "Interférométrie holographique numérique en temps réel". Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6008.
Texto completoPoupet, Victor. "Automates cellulaires : temps réel et voisinages". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSL0390.
Texto completoIn this thesis we have worked on the impact of the choice of a neighborhood on the algorithmic abilities of cellular automata. We have specifically studied the lower complexity classes such as the real time (that corresponds to the shortest time necessary for a cellular automaton to read all the letters of the input word) and the real time plus a constant. It is indeed known that neighborhoods are equivalent in linear time and it is therefore necessary to consider shorter times. We have obtained neighborhood equivalence results with respect to the real time (neighborhood classes such that cellular automata working on any of those neighborhoods can recognize the same languages in real time) and linear or constant speed-up theorems for many classes of neighborhoods
Chaudron, Jean-Baptiste. "Architecture de simulation distribuée temps-réel". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0002/document.
Texto completoThis work takes place in the global project PRISE (Plate-forme de Recherche pour l'Ingénierie des Systèmes Embarqués) in which the focus is to develop an execution platform for embedded software. Embedded software are said criticals and, therefore, are subject to specific design rules.Particularly, these software must meet real time constraints and thus ensure a temporal predictive behaviour in order to always give accurate results with respect to corresponding timing deadlines.The main objective of this thesis is to study the use of distributed simulation techniques (and specifically the HLA standard) to meet the real-time and hybrid simulation needs of the PRISE platform. To comply with these real-time constraints and ensure the predictability of a distributed simulation, we must have a complete view of the whole problem and in particular the different levels of action: application, middleware, software, hardware and also a formal level for validation of the timing behaviour.This work is based on the RTI (Run Time Infrastructure, HLA middleware) from ONERA laboratory called : the CERTI and proposes a methodological approach adapted to take into account these different levels of action. Some case studies, including a flight simulator of an aircraft, have been specified, implemented and tested on the PRISE platform
Rakotozafy, Andriamaharavo. "Simulation temps réel de dispositifs électrotechniques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0385/document.
Texto completoIndustrial controllers are always subjected to parameters change, modifications and permanent improvements. They have to follow off-the-shelf technologies as well as hardware than software (libraries, operating system, control regulations ...). Apart from these primary necessities, additional aspects concerning the system operation that includes sequential, protections, human machine interface and system stability have to be implemented and interfaced correctly. In addition, these functions should be generically structured to be used in common for wide range of applications. All modifications (hardware or software) even slight ones are risky. In the absence of a prior validation system, these modifications are potentially a source of system instability or damage. On-site debugging and modification are not only extremely expensive but can be highly risky, cumulate expenditure and reduce productivity. This concerns all major industrial applications, Oil & Gas installations and Marine applications. Working conditions are difficult and the amount of tests that can be done is strictly limited to the mandatory ones. This thesis proposes two levels of industrial controller validation which can be done in experimental test platform : an algorithm validation level called Software In the Loop (SIL) treated in the second chapter ; a physical hardware validation called Hardware In the Loop (HIL) treated in the third chapter. The SIL validates only the control algorithm, the control law and the computed references without taking into account neither the actual physical commands nor the physical input feedbacks managed by the Input/Output boards. SIL validation of the system where industrial asynchronous motor is fed and regulated by a three level Variable Speed Drive with a three level voltage source converter is treated in the second chapter with a particular modeling approach adapted to such validation. The last chapter presents the HIL validation with various hardware implementations (Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), processors). Such validation checks both the control algorithm and the actual physical Input/Output signals generated by the dedicated boards. Each time, the modeling approach is chosen according to the hardware implementation. Currently this work has contributed to the system validation used by General Electric - Power Conversion © (GE-PC) as part of their validation phase that is mandatory for Oil & Gas projects and Marine applications
Maxim, Dorin. "Analyse probabiliste des systèmes temps réel". Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923006.
Texto completoRakotozafy, Andriamaharavo. "Simulation temps réel de dispositifs électrotechniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0385.
Texto completoIndustrial controllers are always subjected to parameters change, modifications and permanent improvements. They have to follow off-the-shelf technologies as well as hardware than software (libraries, operating system, control regulations ...). Apart from these primary necessities, additional aspects concerning the system operation that includes sequential, protections, human machine interface and system stability have to be implemented and interfaced correctly. In addition, these functions should be generically structured to be used in common for wide range of applications. All modifications (hardware or software) even slight ones are risky. In the absence of a prior validation system, these modifications are potentially a source of system instability or damage. On-site debugging and modification are not only extremely expensive but can be highly risky, cumulate expenditure and reduce productivity. This concerns all major industrial applications, Oil & Gas installations and Marine applications. Working conditions are difficult and the amount of tests that can be done is strictly limited to the mandatory ones. This thesis proposes two levels of industrial controller validation which can be done in experimental test platform : an algorithm validation level called Software In the Loop (SIL) treated in the second chapter ; a physical hardware validation called Hardware In the Loop (HIL) treated in the third chapter. The SIL validates only the control algorithm, the control law and the computed references without taking into account neither the actual physical commands nor the physical input feedbacks managed by the Input/Output boards. SIL validation of the system where industrial asynchronous motor is fed and regulated by a three level Variable Speed Drive with a three level voltage source converter is treated in the second chapter with a particular modeling approach adapted to such validation. The last chapter presents the HIL validation with various hardware implementations (Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), processors). Such validation checks both the control algorithm and the actual physical Input/Output signals generated by the dedicated boards. Each time, the modeling approach is chosen according to the hardware implementation. Currently this work has contributed to the system validation used by General Electric - Power Conversion © (GE-PC) as part of their validation phase that is mandatory for Oil & Gas projects and Marine applications
Maxim, Dorin. "Analyse probabiliste des systèmes temps réel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0267.
Texto completoCritical real-time embedded systems integrate complex architectures that evolve constantly in order to provide new functionality required by the end users of the systems (automotive, avionics, railway, etc). These new architectures have a direct impact on the variability of the timing behavior of the real-time system. This variability leads to important over-provisioning if the design of the system is based only on worst case reasoning. Probabilistic approaches propose solutions are based on the probability of occurrence of the worst case values in order to avoid over provisioning while satisfying real-time constraints. The main objectives of this work are new analysis techniques for probabilistic real-time systems and ways of decreasing the complexity of these analyses, as well as to propose optimal fixed priority scheduling algorithms for systems that have variability at the level of execution times. The results that we provide in this work have been proved applicable to hard real-time systems, which are the main focus of our work. Our proposed analysis for systems with multiple probabilistic parameters has been shown to greatly decrease the pessimism introduced by other types of analyses. This type of analysis combined with the proper optimal scheduling algorithms for probabilistic real-time system help the system designers to better appreciate the feasibility of a system, especially of those that are deemed unfeasible by deterministic analyses/scheduling algorithms
Hakem, Mourad. "Ordonnancement multiprocessurs et distribué temps réel". Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132033.
Texto completoAlkhodre, Ahmad Badreddin. "Développement formel de systèmes temps réel à l'aide de SDL et IF ( Compilation pour système temps réel )". Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0052/these.pdf.
Texto completoReal Time system (RTS) is a system which interacts strongly with a physical process. It is subject to strong reliability and real time constraints and to ensure the respect of the real time constraints, it is necessary o use formal languages and techniques. SDL seems to be a good candidate for the RTS development: it is a formal standardized language dedicated to distribute systems. Moreover, several works have been done to extend its use for Real Time and dedicated systems. On the basis of the SDL language, this thesis proposed a framework for the specification, design and behavioural validation of a Real-Time System supported by multitasking real-time operating systems. The specification and a design stages are formalized on the basis of the SDL specialization. To explicit the real time constraints, a precise semantic is given thanks to the IF language. Afterwards, it is shown how the correctness of an application can be formally checked
ARTIGUES, Christian. "Ordonnancement en temps réel d'ateliers avec temps de préparation des ressources". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010243.
Texto completoHugues, Jerome. "Architecture et Services des Intergiciels Temps Réel". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001458.
Texto completoNguena, Timo Omer Landry. "Synthèse pour une Logique Temps-Réel Faible". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440829.
Texto completoChaaban, Khaled. "Architecture Informatique Temps-Réel Pour Véhicules Avancés". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00126989.
Texto completoDima, Catalin. "Théorie algébrique des langages formels temps réel". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004672.
Texto completoKelper, Bruno de. "Simulation en temps réel d'un convertisseur HTCC". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0021/MQ46647.pdf.
Texto completoRollet, Antoine. "Test de robustesse des systèmes temps-réel". Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000108.pdf.
Texto completoNowadays, real-time systems are getting more an more complex and take often care of human lifes or sensitive systems. Therefore, such systems have to be validated before beeing used. This document deals with robustness testing, especially for real-time and component based systems. Firstly, we present a robustness testing method for real-time systems, considering two specifications given in the timed automata model : a nominal one and a degraded one. We provoque an unexpected situation for the system by adding some hazards in the test sequences. Secondly, we expose an architecture an a test execution algorithm for real-time component based systems. Thirdly, we present our tool for sequence generation
Porquet, Damien. "Rendu en temps réel de scènes complexes". Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/fdef9900-123a-4d8a-ada2-c65cf3c94a1f/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0036.pdf.
Texto completoIn computer graphics, we distinguish modeling from rendering, that is image synthesis. This thesis framework is real-time rendering of scene composed of complex non deformable 3D objects. Such objects gives high realism in computed images but are difficult to use (in terms of storage space and computing time). A lot of works as been driven in this context. We first describe commonly used approach that is point sample rendering, geometrical mesh simplification and image-based rendering. We first propose different algorithms to extend image based methods to real-time rendering. We then describe a method to generate 4D textures producing image of a given 3D object from arbitrary viewpoint, independently of its geometrical complexity. Finally, we present an image interpolation method to map relief onto a given depth image or a low polygon count version of a complex object. This works intensively use latest GPU capabilities, allowing high quality and real-time rendering at same time
Bridault, Flavien. "Animation et rendu temps-réel de flammes". Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0200.
Texto completoFire is a difficult natural phenoma to reproduce in computer graphics. Last years, convincing models based on physics werre designed, but they remain expensive. However some applications require real-time frame rates : video games, virtual environments such as archaelogical sites etc. . . Few real-times approaches were proposed, but they really suffer from a lack of realism, because of all the approximations they realize. In this context, we tried to develop a real-time model which is also visually realistic. We focused on “domestic” fires : candles, oil lamps, torches, camp fires, etc. . . These flames are interactively animated thanks to an optimized fluids simulation. The main contribution of our approach is the use of textured NURBS surfaces to visualize flames. We also introduced mechanisms to give a good control over the simulation. Moreover, we proposed a new lighting method with a photometric solid to represent flames illumination. Last, we considered animation of plentiful flames. To reach this goal, we introduced levels of detail both in the animation and in the rendering stages, according to the distance from the sources. These levels of detail can also be useful to adapt the accuracy of the model in respect of resources or applications purpose
Koscianski, André. "Modèles de mécanique pour le temps réel". INSA de Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAM0012.
Texto completoMeftouh, Fouad. "Système de commande temps-réel multi-agents". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0029.
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