Literatura académica sobre el tema "President's Commission on Migratory Labor"

Abstract From 1950 to 1952 Harry S Truman invested significant personal effort and political capital in an effort to improve the circumstances of migratory farm workers and to revise the Bracero Program with Mexico. To this end, Truman created the high profile President’s Commission on Migratory Labor in American agriculture in 1950. In its report, the commission recommended extending a variety of social legislation and economic protections to domestic farm labor, and it further recommended slowing or ending the importation of foreign, particularly Mexican, workers. The Truman administration energetically worked to convince Congress to act on those recommendations, even enlisting the support of the Mexican government. However, the power of growers’ interests and the conservative bloc in Congress halted any significant reform. Instead, the Bracero Program was further institutionalized in the form of Public Law 78 and remained in effect for more than a decade thereafter.

In this paper, we first comment on the recent (1996) report of the Advisory Commission to Study the Consumer Price Index, appointed by the U.S. Senate Finance Committee, and the recommendations it contains. We then describe some of the initiatives currently underway at the Bureau of Labor Statistics—some of which were undertaken before the appearance of the Advisory Commission's report, others of which are part of a Consumer Price Index improvement initiative that was included as part of the President's 1998 budget proposal—which attempted to address the bias issues that were highlighted by the Advisory Commission.

Peter Alexander Speek arrived in the United States in the fall of 1908 at the age of 35, “having in my pocket only 4c and knowing hardly more English words.” A leader of revolutionary activities against Russian rule in his native Estonia, Speek came to the U.S. a committed socialist intent on developing worker awareness and leading the class struggle. After two years in New York, Speek traveled to the West Coast, entered the graduate program i n economics at the University of Wisconsin, and worked two years as an investigator for the United States Commission on Industrial Relations (CIR). During his time with the CIR, Speek traveled widely across the United States, “visiting labor camps, cheap city lodging houses, gatherings of hoboes and tramps in so-called ‘jungles’, interviewing employers and various public agencies.” Speek wrote dozens of reports during these investigations that served as the foundation for official CIR policy recommendations and for a series of popular press articles on current migratory conditions. In doing this work, Speek became a recognized authority on migratory labor issues. Reference to Speek's reports can be found in studies of early-twentieth-century migratory labor conditions, but a specific evaluation of Speek and of his contributions has not been written. Speek's work for the CIR is of interest because of its subject matter and its comprehensive coverage. Speek's work is also of interest because it was during this period that Speek rejected his revolutionary socialism and became a structural reformer, accepting the basic U.S. economic and political system and working to improve the details of its institutions.

Transformational processes in the global economy are due to strengthening the integration of national economies, increasing transnationalization, deepening internationalization of production and exchange, are accompanied by the activation of migration challenges. The purpose of the article is to examine and analyse the migration challenges, their development trends and the potential consequences for Ukraine’s and countries of Eastern Europe economic potential. To achieve the goal, the study focuses on the following tasks: to consider and analyse the main factors that have a direct impact on the socio-economic development of the country, such as the activation of international mobility of the Ukrainian people, armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, the introduction of a visa-free regime with the EU; to make a socio-economic analysis of migration processes in the countries of Eastern Europe; to consider and analyse the possible (potential) scenario of the development of the impact of migration challenges on the Ukrainian economy; to offer recommendations on mitigating the negative manifestations of the current migration challenges for Ukraine. Methodology. In the process of writing the article, methods of scientific abstraction, observation, synthesis of generalization were used to distinguish key socio-economic factors influencing migration challenges. The information and analytical base for the study of migratory challenges is the monographic works of foreign and domestic economists devoted to international migration, materials and analytical reports of international organizations dealing with migration (International Organization for Migration, International Labor Organization, United Nations Population and Development Commission, World Bank and others), regulatory and statistical data of the state authorities of Ukraine, results of scientific research of the Institute of Demography and Social Research after M. V. Ptukha NASU, Internet resources. The practical significance of the scientific research is to clarify the migration challenges, their development trends and potential implications for the economic potential of Ukraine on the basis of macroeconomic indicators; the likely economic consequences of the introduction of a visafree regime for the European Union for Ukraine and the projected tendencies of migration challenges as proposed scenarios, indicating developers and prospects for forecasting.

A chegada de povos indígenas venezuelanos Warao ao Brasil desafia os limites das políticas migratórias. Os objetivos específicos deste artigo são (1) apresentar os modos de vida Warao e as suas especificidades; (2) fazer um levantamento da legislação e das políticas públicas de migração vigentes e (3) sistematizar as principais barreiras para o acolhimento dos Warao. Nesta pesquisa utilizou-se as metodologias de revisão bibliográfica e estudo de caso descritivo das políticas de acolhimento do Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores do estado do RN e representantes de organizações da sociedade civil, assim como observação participante na Comissão Especial de Monitoramento dos Índios Warao do Comitê de Atenção aos Refugiados, Apátridas e Migrantes do RN. Os resultados do estudo apontam que as principais barreiras para o acolhimento dos Warao em território brasileiro são: acesso à documentação; abrigamento adequado; aplicação da educação escolar indígena e do ensino do português; inserção laboral; respeito aos saberes médicos da etnia. O artigo contribui para o tema ao analisar o caso de um estado do Nordeste, região pouco explorada nos estudos sobre o acolhimento dos Warao na disciplina de Relações Internacionais. The arrival of the Warao Venezuelan indigenous people in Brazil has been very challenging to the internal migratory policies once these migrants have a very particular culture. This research specific objectives are (1) discuss the particularities of hosting people from the ethnicity Warao; (2) mapping the legislation and the public policies about the current migrations; (3) systematize the main barriers for the Warao people in Brazil. The methodologies used for this research were bibliographical review and descriptive case study about the host policies in the Rio Grande do Norte (RN) state. Besides that, it was conducted semi-structured interviews with RN’s public administrators, just as members of the ‘Special Commission for Monitoring the Waraos’, from the ‘RN Committee of Attention to the Refugees, Stateless, and Migrants’. The obtained results of the research point to the following aspects as the main obstacles on hosting Waraos in Brazilian territory: the access to regular documentation; decent housing; application of the indigenous education in schools and Portuguese teaching; labor and; respect to the ethnic knowledge in medicine. This article contributes to the subject by analyzing the case of a Northeast State, the Rio Grande do Norte state, a low explored region in the International Relations discipline.

Abstract The refugee experience is exacerbated by hostile receiving environments, out of which have developed an essentialized refugee imaginary. Media reporting has evidently been rife with documentation of anti-immigration political rhetoric and prejudice toward refugees. In this article we employ a framework of migrant-directed artistic programming to examine the experiences of refugees hosted in Malawi, United Kingdom, and India as curated in their visual, literary, and performance artworks. We interrogate context, meaning, and practice for the annual Tumaini Festival at Dzaleka Refugee Camp, Malawi; Refugee Week Festival, United Kingdom; and the recently published collection of artistic works from India Why did I become an illegal migrant? Tamil refugee students and youth on citizenship. Our examination pays particular attention to the dynamics and interplay of refugees’ individual and collective agency and the paternalistic oversight of their host communities. The distinct and overlapping experiences of refugees in the three countries echo the salience of the resulting power relations in society. This article highlights the agency and tactful resistance of refugees across communities in three different countries. Using thoughtfully curated artwork and related experiences, the refugee communities highlighted in this article begin to remold the layperson's understanding of the refugee experience. Our article contributes to the growing body of literature on refugee experiences and underscores the importance of elevating the voices and perspectives of marginalized migrant communities. Following the author's experience of the performance SÅLE at the 2022 Ultima Oslo Contemporary Music Festival in Norway, this article argues that the concept of curating as deployed in contemporary music must be expanded beyond an understanding of the authorial individual carried over from the figure of the composer. Using Aneta Szyłak's (2013) concept of curating context, the text argues that a more open-ended understanding of the term will allow practitioners organizing musical events to think beyond this narrowly delimited role and engage in new ways with the organization and constitution of musical events. The text then addresses organizers of contemporary music events directly to detail what this wider view of the curation of musical context could entail for their practices, while speaking to the specificities and challenges of musical curating specifically. The article concludes by suggesting that an expanded notion of working with musical context facilitates the inclusion of new people and perspectives into contemporary music and serves to better frame and value the work of many people already working in this musical genre whose labor does not fit into established notions of musical work. This article questions the potential of pre-enactment to embody prototypical counter- strategic forms in artistic and curatorial practices, within the European context, in light of a resurgence of authoritarianism, political populism, and the presence of various conflicts, migratory phenomena, and environmental crises. Pre-enactment has been characterized, for example, in certain works of the duo Hofmann & Lindholm, the Public Movement and Interrobang collectives, and the director Milo Rau. According to Friederike Oberkrome and Verena Straub in the introduction to their book (2019), pre-enactment is the invention of hypothetical scenarios, speculations on possible futures, and the experimentation of fictitious times and spaces order in to act on the present. This article approaches pre-enactment from the perspective of performative action-exercises based on three examples: Training for the Future (2019–) by Jonas Staal and Florian Malzacher, la facultad (2021–) by Myriam Lefkowitz and Catalina Insignares, and The Truth Commission (2013–) by Chokri Ben Chikha and his company Action Zoo Humain. Festivals and their arrangements illuminate aspirational, economic, and aesthetic questions of societies and their citizens. However, to what extent do festivals reflect or represent the crucial concerns of the community they are a part of? This article addresses negotiations in the curatorial process of various festivals, while unraveling the layers of identity formation maneuvered through historical dance narratives. It addresses concerns about how festivals or cultural events become “sites” of curation that can speak to power. The attempt is to define the politics of curation and the need for “curation as a strategy of critique” for the existing presentation of “national” culture and its performance (display) in India. Considering the massive expansion of festivals in artistic arenas, national marketplaces, the international cultural industries, and scholarly programs in festival studies, this article tries to map out the historical context of the dance (performance) festival culture that exists in India.

<p>The thrust of this study is anchored on the questions: “What are the underlying factors supportive of good governance and how are they pursued as growth strategy during 1999 to 2008?” “To what extent has good governance benefited the country in nurse migration during this ten-year period? In addressing this question, textual data and information were gathered from various documents and communications (memoranda, circulars, bulletins, transcripts, publications and others) of five (5) participating agencies: Commission on Filipino Overseas (CFO), Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA), Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), and Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE). From the research materials, relevant data about governance on nurse migration were culled, organized and stratified for an in-depth, comprehensive and systematic content analysis. With this content analytic approach, five (5) factors emerged notably supportive of good governance; they are: (1) temporary and circular labor migration; (2) employment driven strategy via regulated channels; (3) reintegration goals via modes of incentives and engagements; (4) migration vis-à-vis remittances; and (5) migratory realism on the ethics of recruitment. Theoretically, the factors could demonstrate the government’s proactive stance on good governance but much remain to be seen in terms of the ethics of recruitment, reintegration goals and migration-development nexus.</p>

This chapter traces the union’s efforts as it became the National Farm Labor Union (NFLU) and shifted to organizing California farmworkers and lobbying federal officials and labor leaders in Washington, DC. Growers and the farm bloc won direct bracero recruitment free from regulations, and rising undocumented immigration offered a larger pool of deportable workers. The NFLU, now affiliated with the AFL, struck Di Giorgio Fruit, losing the strike but highlighting farmworker conditions. The union also lobbied before the Truman Commission on Migratory Labor, which revealed the potential for a farmworker reform coalition among unionists, liberals, Catholic reformers, and civil rights activists.

Chapter 1 begins with a conversation about the historical consequences of U.S. colonial rule on the island as Puerto Ricans began to migrate to U.S. cities. Examining the role of community-based and citywide organizations in both New York and Chicago allows for a clearer understanding of the challenges faced by the population and the responses initiated to aid in their settlement in these cities—responses that often fell short. Groups such as the Mayor’s Committee on New Residents, the Welfare Council of Metropolitan Chicago, the Chicago Commission on Human Relations, and the Chicago Board of Education are central to this story, as they demonstrate the common tendency to focus on schools and language policies without a clear understanding of the population itself. It is important to highlight a variety of readings of the migratory and settlement history of Puerto Ricans to the United States and Chicago, as these histories vary across different spaces. Chapter 1 fosters an understanding of Puerto Ricans’ initial labor migration, the overlap between labor and education migration for Puerto Rican women in Chicago, and city agencies’ responses to the movement.