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1
Tester, Robert E. y Paul N. Gaskin. "Effect of fines content on frost heave". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33, n.º 4 (20 de agosto de 1996): 678–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t96-092-313.
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In regions of seasonal frost the integrity of pavement structures is dependent on the resistance of base and subbase soils to frost action. This note describes the results of performing the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory CRREL II laboratory freezing test on a crushed limestone with a varying fines content. Frost heave increased linearly as fines content increased. Under the CRREL frost susceptibility criterion, the crushed gravel was satisfactory with up to 8% fines. A greater fines content resulted in an unsatisfactory classification. Key words: frost susceptibility, fines content, road base.
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Breton, Gérard. "The Actinomycetales of the Sparnacian amber from Corbières (Aude, France): taphonomy and diversity". Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, n.º 17 (1 de diciembre de 2010): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/asgn/1207.
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Les sédiments sparnaciens de Douzens (Aude, France) ont livré de nombreux fragments d’ambre. L’examen au microscope optique de cet ambre a révélé la présence d’actinomycètes nombreux et variés. Deux genres nouveaux, Thermomonosporopsis et Thermomonosporites et huit espèces nouvelles, Thermomonosporopsis waggoneri, T. tenuis, Thermomonospora corbarica, Thermomonosporites arcuatus, Nocardia ? cousini, N. ? crispa, Actinoplanes ? girardi, et Streptomyces vizcainoi sont décrits sur la base de caractères morphologiques, de la préservation de structures reproductrices (spores, sporanges, rameaux sporifères), de la dualité éventuelle des mycéliums et de structures de multiplication (fragmentation du mycélium). A côté du piégeage dans la résine, un processus taphonomique original est décrit : au moins une espèce a été capable de coloniser la surface de la résine et de croître dans cette résine.
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Breton, Gérard. "The Actinomycetales of the Sparnacian amber from Corbières (Aude, France): taphonomy and diversity". Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, n.º 17 (1 de diciembre de 2010): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/asgn.1207.
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Les sédiments sparnaciens de Douzens (Aude, France) ont livré de nombreux fragments d’ambre. L’examen au microscope optique de cet ambre a révélé la présence d’actinomycètes nombreux et variés. Deux genres nouveaux, Thermomonosporopsis et Thermomonosporites et huit espèces nouvelles, Thermomonosporopsis waggoneri, T. tenuis, Thermomonospora corbarica, Thermomonosporites arcuatus, Nocardia ? cousini, N. ? crispa, Actinoplanes ? girardi, et Streptomyces vizcainoi sont décrits sur la base de caractères morphologiques, de la préservation de structures reproductrices (spores, sporanges, rameaux sporifères), de la dualité éventuelle des mycéliums et de structures de multiplication (fragmentation du mycélium). A côté du piégeage dans la résine, un processus taphonomique original est décrit : au moins une espèce a été capable de coloniser la surface de la résine et de croître dans cette résine.
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Diouf, Antonin Benoît. "Le patrimoine documentaire comme soubassement d’un développement durable". Documentation et bibliothèques 63, n.º 3 (12 de septiembre de 2017): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041019ar.
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Le présent article vise à démontrer le lien qui existe entre les bibliothèques et le concept de développement durable. Il se concentre sur la nécessaire préservation du patrimoine documentaire pour favoriser un développement durable au bénéfice des générations futures. Le patrimoine documentaire a valeur de source d’inspiration pour toute action à venir et tout doit être mis en oeuvre pour que sa préservation soit durable pour une infinité temporelle. Cela est d’autant plus important dans un contexte africain où le développement représente le défi ultime de l’ensemble des pays du continent. L’argumentaire du présent article se base sur la réalité vécue dans une bibliothèque patrimoniale panafricaine confrontée à un sérieux problème de conservation de ses collections, une situation partagée avec bien d’autres structures documentaires du même type. Ses collections qui représentent une part de la mémoire gouvernementale africaine post-indépendante sont mises en péril par des agents de dégradation biologiques et physiques, hypothéquant ainsi leur accès par les futures ressources humaines d’Afrique. Tout en montrant le lien évident entre accès à l’information et développement – comme l’a si bien compris l’IFLA, qui a imposé cet élément parmi les sous-objectifs des Objectifs du développement durable (ODD) –, l’exposé cherche aussi à montrer que les bibliothèques et les structures assimilées peuvent promouvoir le développement durable, non pas seulement en matière d’appropriation de techniques architecturales écologiquement rentables, mais aussi de comportements responsables dans la prise en compte des risques environnementaux. Pour ce faire, les bibliothèques doivent s’adapter aux législations nationales et transnationales en matière d’environnement pour conformer leurs services et modes de fonctionnement aux desiderata de ces dernières, ce qu’il est souvent difficile d’accomplir dans un contexte africain.
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J, Castillo. "Biogenic SiO2 Nanoparticle-based Nanofluid for Fines Migration Control". Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 7, n.º 1 (11 de enero de 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000339.
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Fines migration in reservoirs has a major impact on the oil industry, causing damage to formations due to micrometric particle mobilization and a consequent reduction in well productivity, thus resulting in significant economic damage. An emerging alternative for solving this problem is the use of nanofluids to mitigate fines migration. Due to their physicochemical properties, the mesoporous nanoparticles present in nanofluids interact with fines in the well, diminishing their mobility without an important decrease in permeability. In this work, the effect of a nanofluid composed of biogenic SiO2 mesoporous nanoparticles on fines migration control was studied. A biogenic mesoporous nanosilica was synthesized from rice husks and dispersed in a fluid composed of a mixture of diesel and xylene. Laboratory core-flooding experiments with crude oil were performed. The compositions of the crude oil and the collected material were measured to determine the changes in the crude oil after it interacted with the nanofluid. Fines production was significantly reduced by the use of the nanofluid. The results showed that 0.4% SiO2 nanoparticle fluid decreased fines migration by up to 60% with a small variation in permeability. The results of the GPC-ICP-HRMS analysis of the crude oil after treatment showed that the nanoparticles adsorbed a fraction of the asphaltenes in the crude oil and served as nucleation centers for the agglomeration of fines, forming larger structures with high porosity and allowing the fines to be retained in the core with a low decrease in permeability.
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KANG, SANG MOK y MYUNGHUN LEE. "An empirical study on effective pollution enforcement in Korea". Environment and Development Economics 9, n.º 3 (19 de mayo de 2004): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x03001281.
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It has been recognized that extra incentives for firms' compliance with pollution regulations would be created under state-dependent enforcement as Harrington (1988) has shown theoretically. However, the extent of the overall improvement in compliance is expected to be different according to the pollution control costs and industrial structures of any given country. This paper empirically examines, for the first time, the effectiveness of an imposition of higher fines for repeated violations and state-dependent enforcement in terms of the reduction of violation days, by simulating emitting behavior for 65 sub-industries in the Korean manufacturing industry over the period 1987–1989. State-dependent enforcement was found to be more effective than an imposition of higher non-compliance fines for repeated violations in regard to the number of sub-industries exhibiting persistent non-compliance. However, the number of fully complying sub-industries was found to be slightly higher under an imposition of higher non-compliance fines for repeated violations. In Korea, it would therefore be desirable to discriminate against certain industries with enforcement systems of different intensity based on their abatement cost structures rather than uniformly introducing a state-dependent approach.
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Yang, Chau-Ping. "Composition of demolition wastes from Chi-Chi earthquake-damaged structures and the properties of their inert materials". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, n.º 4 (abril de 2009): 470–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-131.
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The disastrous Chi-Chi earthquake struck Taiwan on 21 September 1999 and resulted in the creation of more than 20 million cubic metres of demolition waste, which was stored temporarily at several sites. To reduce the site clearing costs, the inert materials (concrete, brick, pottery, and fines) in the wastes should be reclaimed and recycled immediately; but most of their properties were not known. Therefore, this study investigates the properties of demolition wastes, including inert materials, coarse portions, and fines obtained from two earthquake demolition waste storage sites (Puli and Tali) and one normal urban construction waste storage site (Taichung). It is found that the volumetric content of inert materials from earthquake demolition waste is about 96%. Such inert material is classified as having an excellent subgrade rating and can be reused as subbase and base soils. The abrasion level of the coarse portions of inert materials from the three sites meets the required level of coarse aggregate according to Standard Taiwan Code CNS-490. On the other hand, the maximum dry unit weights of fines of inert materials from the three sites are greater than 14.7 kN/m3, and their shear strengths are higher than that of the same classification group (SW–SM) of natural soils, so they can be reused as construction soils.
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Nicolas, Frédéric, Gabriel Montrieux y Aïcha Bourad. "La transition écologique à l’épreuve des sciences sociales du politique". Politix 144, n.º 4 (10 de junio de 2024): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pox.144.0009.
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Face à la crise climatique, l’injonction à agir urgemment n’a jamais été aussi présente, mais contraste avec la forte inertie des politiques écologiques. Ce numéro de Politix prend le parti d’adopter une approche de sociologie générale et de sciences sociales du politique qui consiste à reconnaître la dimension particulièrement agonistique de la fabrique des politiques écologiques, tant dans l’espace social en général que dans les champs politique, bureaucratique et économique ou dans l’espace des mouvements sociaux et environnementaux. L’inertie des politiques écologiques est dès lors appréhendée à la fois comme le produit de structures sociales de domination et comme le vecteur de leur reproduction. Les groupes et acteurs sociaux qui occupent au sein de ces structures des positions dominantes sont parvenus non pas à rejeter les injonctions environnementales, mais à les rendre compatibles avec la préservation de leurs positions dominantes. Participant de différentes manières à la (re)définition et à la mise en œuvre de politiques écologiques, ces acteurs participent à dessiner les contours d’une question environnementale qui s’impose sans modifier en profondeur l’état des rapports sociaux.
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Mao, Wenting, Chunpeng Cao, Xincheng Li, Jueshi Qian y Yudong Dang. "An Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Limestone Fines in Manufactured Sands on the Performance of Magnesia Ammonium Phosphate Mortar". Buildings 12, n.º 2 (21 de febrero de 2022): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020249.
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Magnesium ammonium phosphate cement (MAPC) prepared with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4, ADP) and dead-burned Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a new type of rapid patch repair material for concrete structures. In order to reduce the material costs of MAPC mortar, manufactured limestone sands, being a more widely-available resource with lower cost, was investigated in this study as an alternative to quartz sands for the preparation of MAPC mortar. The limestone fines in manufactured sands were found to be the key factor that influences properties of MAPC mortar by causing bubbling and volume expansion before hardening. As a result, the mechanical strength of MAPC mortar decreased with the increasing content of limestone fines due to increased porosity. According to microstructure analysis, the mechanism of these negative effects can be inferred as the reaction between limestone fines and ADP with the gas generation of CO2 and NH3. This reaction mainly occurred during a short period before setting while most limestone fines remained unreactive in the hardened MAPC mortar. Based on the above detailed experimental findings on the effects of limestone fines in manufactured sand on the properties of MAPC mortar, this paper pointed out that effective defoaming methods for inhibiting bubbling was the key to the utilization of manufactured sands in preparation of high performance MAPC mortar.
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Nurminen, Ilkka, Erkki Saharinen y Jari Sirviö. "New technology for producing fibrillar fines directly from wood". BioResources 13, n.º 3 (15 de mayo de 2018): 5032–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.5032-5041.
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A method for producing lignocellulosic fibrillar fines directly from moist wood through a grinding process was evaluated. The method is based on a conventional stone wood grinding process with a novel grinding stone surface structure. The grinding stone (wheel) with a surface profile serrated in the axial direction of the wheel, forces fibres to break down into fibrils instead of detaching as fibres from the wood matrix. The arrangement mimics the inclined feeding of a log against a grinding stone and is completed without any related technical difficulties. Typically over a 90% conversion rate to fines (passing the Standard Mesh 200 wire) were achieved. The characteristics of the fines were influenced by the details of the surface structures, the velocity of the grinding stones, the feeding rate of the woods, and the specific energy consumption. This method enables novel means to adjusting the structure and properties of paper and paperboard products, as well as those of novel fibre and fibre-composite products.
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Vercimak, Dominik. "Fine proportions of demolition waste recyclates in terms of functionality and application possibilities in building mixtures". E3S Web of Conferences 550 (2024): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455001024.
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A specific component of demolition waste from concrete and brick structures is the fines that remain after processing into granular recyclate and after sorting out the coarser fractions. In addition to brick and concrete recyclate, this can also include materials such as glass, ceramics (tiles, sanitary ware...), rubber and ornamental stone. These fine-grained wastes in this paper, a systematic review of fine-grained recyclates is elaborated with specification of their nature (inert-active) and a summary of their properties, or their modifications, to achieve the declared functionality. At the same time, an overview of the application possibilities (types of construction mixtures) in which the fines can contribute to the achievement of specific properties (e.g. self-compacting concretes, decorative plaster, mortars, railway concrete sleepers...).
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Desmichel, Pascal. "Les associations de valorisation du patrimoine ferroviaire dans le Massif central". Les associations de patrimoine et le tourisme 30, n.º 2 (7 de septiembre de 2012): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1012244ar.
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Les associations de valorisation du patrimoine sont systématiquement à l’origine de la remise en circulation de trains sur des lignes abandonnées du réseau français. Sans elles, le tourisme ferroviaire et la préservation de pans entiers du patrimoine ferroviaire n’existeraient pas. Ces structures pionnières sont pourtant particulièrement fragiles. Elles reposent sur la volonté et les compétences d’un ou quelques hommes seulement. Cette situation est d’autant plus préoccupante que les conditions d’exploitation d’un chemin de fer touristique sont de plus en plus complexes et que les enjeux à relever au XXIe siècle paraissent dans bien des cas hors d’atteinte pour la sphère associative, tant pour des raisons économiques (remettre en état des ouvrages d’art monumentaux) que culturelles (accepter les règles de la professionnalisation, prendre en compte l’ensemble du patrimoine ferroviaire). Cet article a pour objectif de démontrer à travers cinq cas d’études développés dans le Massif central combien l’avenir du tourisme ferroviaire associatif semble compromis.
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Sebastian, Santoso Fernaldy y Kenji Watanabe. "Effects of fines content on uplift behavior of underground structures in liquefied ground". Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 10, n.º 22 (2024): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v10.os-11-03.
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Ahmad, Waqar y Taro Uchimura. "The Effect of Moisture Content at Compaction and Grain Size Distribution on the Shear Strength of Unsaturated Soils". Sustainability 15, n.º 6 (14 de marzo de 2023): 5123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065123.
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The soil moisture content at shearing and other factors, including dry density and grain size, influence its shear strength. This study investigated the effect of moisture content at compaction and grain size distribution on the unsaturated soil shear strength. Triaxial compression tests were performed in the laboratory using the modified triaxial apparatus on silica sands No. 3 and 6 without fines and with 20% fines to explore the unsaturated soil shear strength characteristics. Test samples were compacted and sheared at various combinations of the soil’s optimum and residual moisture content. The analysis of the triaxial compression test results shows that moisture content at compaction and the grain size distribution influence the unsaturated soil shear strength. The test samples compacted at optimum moisture content showed higher peak shear strength when sheared at residual moisture content. Further, test results show that the test samples of soil without fines, when compacted at residual moisture content, show higher peak shear strength at optimum moisture content. The finding of this study endorses considering the moisture content at compaction for the geotechnical design of structures while predicting the soil shear strength.
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Ouyang, Mao y Akihiro Takahashi. "Influence of initial fines content on fabric of soils subjected to internal erosion". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, n.º 2 (febrero de 2016): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0344.
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Seepage-induced internal erosion often happens in earth structures. This paper presents experimental investigations on the influence of initial fines content on fabric of soils subjected to internal erosion. The tested materials were the binary mixtures of silica No. 3 and silica No. 8, which correspond to the coarse and fine fractions, respectively. One group of specimens was prepared with initial fines contents of 0, 15%, 25%, and 35% by weight. The undrained monotonic compression tests were performed on this group to examine the influence of fines content on the undrained behavior. The other group was prepared with initial fines contents of 15%, 25%, and 35% by weight, on which the seepage tests and subsequent undrained compression tests were carried out to demonstrate the mechanical influence of the internal erosion. The undrained behavior of the first group of specimens reveals that the presence of fines would decrease the peak and residual strengths. A comparison between the undrained behavior of soils with erosion and that of soils without erosion shows that the soils become less contractive after the internal erosion. When the axial strain is less than 0.4%, the undrained secant stiffness of soils with erosion is larger than that without erosion at the same axial strain. Meanwhile, the undrained peak strength and residual strength are larger for soils with erosion than that for soils without erosion. The less amount of excess pore-water pressure is generated during the undrained compression for the eroded soils comparing to those of the uneroded soils. Furthermore, the eroded soils show a wider instability zone than that of the uneroded soils, which suggests that the instability zone be enlarged by the internal erosion. Besides, one-dimensional upward seepage tests were performed to investigate the change of fabric of the mixed sand with 15%, 25%, and 35% fines contents due to internal erosion. The recorded microscopic images of soils before and after erosion reveal that the fabric is altered by the internal erosion.
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Dehghan-Niri, Ehsan, Douglas D. Cortes, Sina Zamen, Fernando Alvidrez y David Jauregui. "Simplified Comparison of Oversize and Overweight Vehicles Permit Fee Structure in the U.S. Western States". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, n.º 10 (26 de agosto de 2020): 963–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120932569.
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This paper provides a simplified comparative assessment of oversize/overweight (OS/OW) vehicle permits and fees in the U.S. western states and includes a review of current permitting practices, fee structures, fines, and available information on revenue generation. The study was motivated by an urgent need to revise permit structures in the State of New Mexico because of escalating demand for OS/OW vehicle permits. The research team surveyed the Departments of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Divisions, and Offices of Public Safety in 14 states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. In addition, the state regulations related to OS/OW vehicles were reviewed. Comparison of the OS/OW permit structures revealed significant differences in the fees and fines charged in the western states. It is recommended that the current permit structure should be overhauled to accommodate the demand for higher maximum permitted weights and to generate the funds necessary to maintain and rebuild the affected transportation infrastructure including pavements and bridges. A scientific study is needed in each state to quantify the costs associated with the operation of OS/OW vehicles and to develop a revenue-neutral fee structure. In particular, the determination of permit fees requires a comprehensive study to evaluate the damage to bridges and pavements caused by OS/OW vehicles. Findings from this research provide a contextual framework to compare current permitting structures and their implications on the revenues generated from OS/OW permits across the U.S. western states.
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Tunio, Z. A., B. A. Memon, N. A. Memon, N. A. Lakho, M. Oad y A. H. Buller. "Effect of Coarse Aggregate Gradation and Water-Cement Ratio on Unit Weight and Compressive Strength of No-fines Concrete". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, n.º 1 (16 de febrero de 2019): 3786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2509.
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Self-weight of a structure comprises a major portion of the overall structural load which causes conservative structure design. Reduction of structures’ self-weight is an active area of research today. One of the options is to use lightweight concrete and no-fines concrete is one of its types. This type of concrete is made with coarse aggregates, cement, and water. From the density point of view, it is the lighter concrete compared to normal weight concrete but it exhibits less strength. Normally no-fines concrete is manufactured with uniform size aggregates. The performance of no-fines concrete depends on the cement-aggregate ratio and water-cement (w/c) ratio. This study focuses on investigating experimentally the effect of gradation of coarse aggregates and the w/c ratio on unit weight and compressive strength of no-fines concrete. NFC with two cement-aggregate ratios (1:6 and 1:8) having seven combinations of coarse aggregate gradations (10-5 mm, 16-13mm, 20-16mm, 20-13mm, 20-10mm, 16-10mm and 20-5mm) were studied. Two w/c ratios are considered 0.38 and 0.42. The effect of coarse aggregate gradation, cement-aggregate ratio and w/c ratio are studied in terms of unit weight and compressive strength of NFC. The results reveal the pronounced effect of aggregate gradation on the compressive strength and unit weight of the concrete. Also, a substantial effect on the unit weight and compressive strength is observed with the variation in cement-aggregate ration and the w/c ratio.
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Savoie, Jean-Marie, Marie Thomas, Eugénie Cateau, Nicolas Gouix y Pierre Paccard. "Connaître les forêts anciennes et matures : comment ? pourquoi ?" Revue forestière française 73, n.º 2-3 (30 de marzo de 2022): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2021.5468.
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Les forêts anciennes et matures constituent aujourd’hui en Europe occidentale les forêts les plus proches de la forêt dite primaire. Leurs attributs leur confèrent un fort potentiel d’accueil de biodiversité, particulièrement saproxylique. Depuis une quinzaine d’années, elles font l’objet d’inventaires, d’évaluations ou de cartographies sur une grande partie du territoire métropolitain. De nombreux projets sont en cours ou émergent, portés par diverses structures (parcs nationaux ou régionaux, réserves naturelles, Office national des forêts, conservatoires d’espaces naturels, conservatoires botaniques…). Les protocoles varient d’un projet à l’autre mais certains attributs sont relevés de façon quasi systématique. Les objectifs affichés diffèrent mais sont axés autour de quelques grands thèmes : prise en compte des forêts anciennes et matures dans les chartes ou les plans de gestion des aires protégées, dans les documents de gestion durable, dans l’élaboration de trames de vieux bois pertinentes, dans des projets de recherche visant à améliorer la connaissance de leur biodiversité ou de leur fonctionnement, dans des actions de communication et de sensibilisation en faveur de leur préservation.
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Skoczko, Iwona y Marek Grabowski. "Administrative sanctions for environmental crime in selected EU areas". Economics and Environment 85, n.º 2 (14 de septiembre de 2023): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.34659/eis.2023.85.2.510.
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Each country in the European Union (EU) has its own legal system of environmental protection inc. rules of eco-crime fighting. The world copes environmental crime, developing better and better structures, laws and control systems. Establishing effective administrative sanction rules may help decrease environmental damage. The goal of the paper is the comparison of administrative sanctions for environmental crime in five different areas of the EU: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Poland. The mechanisms of sanctions, fines and penalties in studied areas are based on financial fines. Although the states do their best to develop the most effective tools possible to enforce environmental protection and control its quality, it is not always possible in reality. Understanding and weighing the value of environmental destruction is difficult. It takes into account the human, economic and ecological aspects (considering the quality of the environment closest to the natural state).
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Oluwaniyi, Olaoluwa, Imoleayo Fatoyinbo, Akinola Bello y Joshua Owoseni. "Assessment of Gneiss-Derived Residual Soils as Materials Used in Road Pavement Structures". Sustainable Geoscience and Geotourism 3 (mayo de 2020): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/sgg.3.12.
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Failure of highway pavement and collapse of building in basement complex of Nigeria is often related to the instability of the residual. This study evaluated the strength characteristics of gneiss-derived residual Soils as materials usable for road pavement structures. A total of eleven soil samples derived from granite gneiss were subjected to laboratory geotechnical analyses based on standard practices. The geotechnical analyses reveal the soils’ natural moisture content, specific gravity, grain sizes, consistency limits, shearing strengths, maximum dry density, and optimum moisture content. Based on AASHTO classification, the soil samples are classified as A-7-6, A-6, and A-7-5. The results of the laboratory analyses revealed that the natural moisture content and specific gravity ranged from 8.30 to 22.70% and 2.6 to 2.8 respectively. Particle size analysis reveals that the coarse contents of the soils ranged from 28.8% to 59.8% and amount of fines ranged from 40.2 to 71.2%. The liquid limit ranged from 31.3% to 68.3%, plastic limit ranged from 20% to 28.0%, plasticity index ranged from 4.8% to 38.90% and linear shrinkage ranged from 5.7 to 13.6%. The maximum dry density ranged from 1481 kg/m3 to 1921 kg/m3 and optimum moisture content ranged from 15.2% to 27.6%. Undrained triaxial shear strength (Cu) ranged from 43.0 Kpa to 250.3Kpa, angle of friction ranges from 11.7 to 29.30, and unconfined compressive strength ranged from 153 to 356.5Kpa. The results indicate that the residual soils are poor sub-grade and foundation materials due to their high amount of fines, linear shrinkage values, plasticity, and swelling potential, as well as low maximum dry density.
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Chabin, Yann y Joël Rochard. "Objectifs du Développement Durable (ODD) l'ONU et Responsabilité Sociale/Sociétale des Entreprises, au sein de la filière vitivinicole : concepts et applications". BIO Web of Conferences 56 (2023): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235603011.
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En 2015, l’ONU a établi l’Agenda 2030 en fusionnant l’agenda du développement et celui des Sommets de la Terre. Il s’organise autour des « 5P » Planète, Populations, Prospérité, Paix et Partenariats. Les 17 objectifs, déclinés selon 169 cibles plus précises, en forment le cœur et décrivent l’horizon idéal pour 2030 d’un développement durable supposant autant la justice sociale que la croissance économique, la paix et la solidarité que la préservation des écosystèmes. Ces différents aspects ont notamment été appuyés par la mise en place de la Responsabilité Sociale/Sociétale des Entreprises (RSE) et de la norme ISO 26000 :2010 (lignes directrices internationales de la Responsabilité Sociétale des Organisations) dans les différents secteurs d’activité et notamment la vitiviniculture à partir des années 2000. La communication a pour objectif de présenter les orientations de l’Agenda 2030, les aspects opérationnels d’une démarche RSE au niveau de la viticulture (vignobles, caves, organismes associés) et d’apporter des retours d’expérience, à partir d’une implication des auteurs dans les démarches de plusieurs structures, associée à la réalisation d’audits, l’élaboration de feuilles de route RSE ainsi qu’à la rédaction d’un reporting extra financier et de supports de communication.
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Maalouf, Fares. "Espaces vectoriels C-minimaux". Journal of Symbolic Logic 75, n.º 2 (junio de 2010): 741–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1268917502.
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Dans [2], Salma et Franz Viktor Kuhlmann définissent plu-sieurs notions d'espace vectoriel valué et démontrent un principe d'Ax-Kochen pour celles de ces structures dans lesquelles la multiplication par un scalaire du corps préserve la valuation. Nous travaillons ici avec des conditions plus faibles. On va définir en premier lieu la notion d'espace vectoriel valué sur un corps K, et associer canoniquement à un tel espace une valuation sur K, notée w, compatible en un sens à préciser avec celle de l'espace vectoriel. Ceci va nous permettre de parler de (K, w)-espaces vectoriels valués pour tout corps valué (K, w) (definition 24). Le cas où (K, w) est trivialement valué correspond exactement à la condition de [2] de préservation de la valuation par la multiplication par un scalaire. On fixe un corps K. Les espaces vectoriels valués sur le corps K vont être traités comme des structures à deux sortes: la sorte de l'espace vectoriel et celle de l'espace des valuations. Le langage LE de la sorte de l'espace vectoriel contient le symbole de la somme, celui de l'élément neutre, et un symbole de fonction unaire pour chaque scalaire de K. Le langage LV de l'espace des valuations contient une relation d'ordre total, un symbole de fonction unaire pour la multiplication par chaque scalaire de K, et pour tout n ∈ ℕ*, un symbole de prédicat Rn contrôlant la cardinalité résiduelle. LV contient aussi un symbole de fonction unaire s qui sera la fonction successeur quand elle est définie et l'identité sinon.
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Poliquin, Gabriel. "La protection d’une vitalité fragile : les droits linguistiques autochtones en vertu de l’article 35". McGill Law Journal 58, n.º 3 (16 de septiembre de 2013): 573–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018391ar.
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L’auteur propose d’interpréter l’article 35 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 et la jurisprudence pertinente à cet article à la lumière de certains principes généraux issus de la jurisprudence de la Cour suprême du Canada portant sur l’article 23 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, qui garantit des droits linguistiques aux communautés de langue officielle. La thèse suivante se dégage de cette interprétation : les droits autochtones garantis à l’article 35 comprennent des droits linguistiques, dont une obligation positive de l’État de favoriser la vitalité des langues autochtones. Cette obligation de favoriser la vitalité des langues autochtones se démarque de l’obligation de l’État en matière de langues officielles qui est d’assurer l’égalité des deux communautés de langue officielle. L’obligation positive de l’État à l’égard des communautés de langues autochtones est de mettre en place les structures nécessaires à la préservation des patrimoines linguistiques autochtones pour assurer leur transmission d’une génération à l’autre. Le contenu de cette obligation pourra varier d’une communauté linguistique autochtone à l’autre selon l’écologie linguistique propre à cette communauté. L’auteur propose en outre que cette interprétation de l’article 35 est conforme aux principes promulgués par les accords internationaux auxquels le Canada est partie en matière de droits autochtones.
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Evans, Sally y Chris Boyd. "Canon/Toshiba Medical Systems: questions raised on the legitimacy of warehousing and further enforcement of gun jumping". Competition Law Journal 19, n.º 1 (4 de febrero de 2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/clj.2020.01.03.
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The long awaited publication of the decision of the European Commission in Canon/Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation provides insight into the Commission's standpoint on the use of warehousing structures in transactions that are notifiable under the EU Merger Regulation and guidance on potential concerns relating to these arrangements. The decision is also a further illustration of the Commission's strict enforcement of procedural infringements (a fine of EUR 28 million was imposed in this case). The US and China also imposed fines for gun jumping in this case, with Japan also issuing a warning to the parties of a potential violation.
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Balzannikov, M. I., A. A. Mikhasek y Yu M. Galitskova. "A STUDY OF COAST PROTECTION CONSTRUCTIONS BUILT WITH THE USE OF RECYCLED CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND THEIR NEGATIVE IMPACT". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (15 de junio de 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol1.2639.
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Different types of materials are used in hydraulic structures and coast protection constructions. These materials can be of natural (e.g. stone) and artificial origin (concrete, metal). The main trends typical for building construction now are as follows: cutting a share of natural materials and reusing waste products of dismantling construction objects.
As a result of recycling it is possible to produce building materials that look like and have properties characteristic of natural stone materials, gravel, in particular. While gravel is being processed, it is possible to predict that it would obtain such characteristics as grade, frost resistance and strength. Reuse of recycled construction materials is a challenge, because this type of waste can hardly be reduced in volume and requires considerable space for burial.
We propose to use gravel produced by processing in hydraulic engineering objects, i.e. in coast protection constructions. For that, we analyzed waste materials characteristics to justify their use in hydraulic structures. The research proved that strength of gravel produced by processing was sufficient enough. On the other hand, its frost resistance and fineness did not satisfy the requirements to materials used in coast protective structures. Besides, the construction of such structures causes water pollution as inert materials placed in waterbodies increase water turbidity. As a large part of the structure is located directly in the waterbody, during the period of the construction inert materials are supposed to be dumped. In this period the water body is filled with a significant amount of fine particles, which leads to an increase in turbidity at the construction site.
Thus, we come to the conclusion that it is possible to reuse recycled construction materials in hydraulic engineering structures only on condition of their additional after-treatment processing. We offer to mix gravel produced by processing with cement mortal. As a result we obtain no-fines concrete, which is further processed by hot procedure (with bituminous materials).
No-fines concrete can be produced in the form of precast units of 1,4×1,4×0,5 m. The use of prefabricated units will allow to avoid waterbody pollution and protect it from fine particles. Further processing by bituminous materials will enhance its frost resistance and reliability, which in turn will prevent contamination of the water body in the period of coast protection constructions usage.
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Cartier, C. y M. Verdaguer. "Structures fines d’absorption des rayons X : Étude au seuil K de complexes moléculaires de métaux de transition". Journal de Chimie Physique 86 (1989): 1607–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1989861607.
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Derin Paşaoğlu, Derya y Il’nur M. Mirgaleev. "Extortions and fines of the Nogai family aristocracy, reflected in Ottoman documents". Golden Horde Review 12, n.º 2 (2024): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2024-12-2.453-466.
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Research Objective: To analyze the laws by which the Nogai society existed. Research Materials: An archival document numbered BOA.A.MKT.UM.414-24 in the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Minister’s Office, in the State Archives of the Republic of Turkey. Results and Scientific Novelty of the Study: The laws of the Nogais, recorded by Ottoman officials, are introduced into scientific circulation. The lifestyle of the Nogais corresponded to the steppe culture; they moved between pastures and winter quarters and were engaged in cattle breeding. The Nogais, living in tribes, were under the authority of their bek. The steppe culture of the Nogai lifestyle complicates the study of their laws. The problems faced by the Nogais upon resettlement to Ottoman lands in the 19th century became a topic for official correspondence between provincial structures of the Ottoman state and the center, and some of the mentioned Nogai laws were recorded as the main reason for the problems that arose. The archival document, registered under number BOA.A.MKT.UM.414-24 in the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Minister’s Office, in the State Archives of the Republic of Turkey, is a document written by the mutasarrif of Adana to the center, who had problems with the Nogai settlers they wanted to resettle in Adana.
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El Bakouri, Zineb, Reda Meziani, Hicham Bouzelmate, Brahim Rabach y Fatima Jaiti. "Étude de la diversité génétique du palmier dattier et des facteurs l’influençant dans les palmeraies du Tafilalet au Maroc". Cahiers Agricultures 34 (2025): 3. https://doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2025001.
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La présente étude vise à examiner la diversité génétique des palmeraies traditionnelles du Tafilalet, la principale zone de culture du palmier dattier au Maroc. L’étude vise également à déterminer l’impact de la stratégie nationale de développement de la filière palmier dattier sur la préservation et la protection de cette diversité. L’enquête a été réalisée auprès de 226 exploitations agricoles réparties dans l’ensemble des palmeraies du Tafilalet, couvrant une superficie totale de 299 hectares. Pour évaluer cette diversité, l’indice de Shannon-Weaver (H) a été utilisé. En termes de richesse variétale, l’étude a identifié un total de 46 variétés, dont 19 % représentent 73 % de la population, les variétés Boufeggous et Mejhoul étant dominantes. L’étude a révélé des différences significatives entre les valeurs moyennes de l’indice de Shannon-Weaver des palmeraies de Boudnib (2,02), d’Errissani (1,67) et de Jorf (1,65). Un test de corrélation entre l’indice de Shannon et les pratiques agricoles modernes a montré qu’il n’y avait aucune corrélation entre les niveaux de diversité génétique et les pratiques agricoles modernes. Il existe par contre une corrélation significative entre les pratiques modernes et la superficie agricole. La modernisation des pratiques agricoles dans les palmeraies traditionnelles du Tafilalet est assez fortement liée à la taille des exploitations tandis que la diversité génétique dans les palmeraies n’a pas de liens évidents avec les structures ou les pratiques agricoles.
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Belov, Vladimir, Temur Barkaya y Pavel Kuliaev. "Durability of fine-grained limestone concrete". E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 02042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199702042.
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Production of effective building materials of high-density and high-durability is connected with the development of methods of modification of such materials on macro-, micro- and nanostructural levels. Presently the application of finest ingredients in admixture compositions such as limestone filler produced from local quarries is viewed as a primary task of cost reduction in limestone concrete manufacturing. The efficiency of limestone filler to enhance the durability of fine-grained limestone concrete is shown in tests performed. Limestone half inert filler conjointly with superplasticizer are found to enhance crack-resistance and reduces creep strains, which makes fine-grained limestone concrete the most effective and long-standing material. Knowledge of the stress-strain distribution in concrete with limestone fines under compression is important for the design of certain kinds of reinforced thin-walled concrete structures, such as shells, membranes and domes. These structures are manufactured with addition of both limestone filler and superplasticizer performing synergetic effect which leads to increasing a level of crack causing stresses.
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Donavalli, Jahnavi, T. S. Ram Babu y Chukka Sandhya Rani. "Probability based Assessment of Soil Liquefaction Potential in Vijayawada Region (CRDA)". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1130, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2023): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012036.
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Abstract Risks of liquefaction are commonly related to saturated cohesionless soils that have low plasticity and density. As liquefaction causes severe destruction to structures and risk of losing lifeline it is important to study the liquefaction potential for CRDA region because for the development of AP capital heavy structures are being constructed and a population increase is being expected in this region. In the current investigation, soil resistance to liquefaction was analyzed in each bore log in consideration of significant soil characteristics such as grain size, fines content, unit weight, saturation percentage, SPT N-value, and soil origin. The safety factor for liquefaction is evaluated using data from several bore holes that were collected and used for this purpose. The approach recommended by Seed and Idriss was utilized to assess the safety factor for liquefaction. The obtained results from the semi-empirical calculations are further compared to the results obtained from Software for more reliability.
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Fleurat-Lessard, Francis. "La conservation hermétique des céréales : comment les avancées de la recherche ont été ignorées au XXe siècle en France". Cahiers Agricultures 34 (2025): 2. https://doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2024033.
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Pendant la première moitié du XXe siècle, le stockage des grains à la ferme s’est effectué essentiellement en sacs conservés en grenier. À partir des années 1930 sont apparus les premiers silos de stockage de type coopératif. Ces structures de conservation en vrac ont rapidement été confrontées à des difficultés de préservation de la qualité en cas de conservation à long terme. Il en a découlé un besoin de recherche, notamment pour comprendre la dynamique de prolifération des moisissures de stockage et de multiplication des insectes dans ces structures de grand volume. Après la deuxième guerre mondiale et la découverte des premiers insecticides organiques de synthèse, leur utilisation s’est généralisée. À partir de 1960, pour faire face aux nombreuses avaries dues à l’échauffement des grains stockés trop humides, des laboratoires spécialisés dans l’étude des facteurs de détérioration des grains stockés ont été constitués dans tous les pays développés producteurs de céréales, avec un même objectif : améliorer la connaissance sur le fonctionnement dynamique de l’écosystème du stock de céréales. À partir des années 1970, ces groupements de chercheurs se sont organisés en équipes pluridisciplinaires venant présenter régulièrement leurs résultats dans des conférences internationales. Dès 1980, ils se sont intéressés à la conservation des grains en atmosphère modifiée ou sous inertage, en substitution aux traitements insecticides et pour limiter les risques liés aux moisissures à mycotoxines. En France, les acquis de la recherche sur le stockage hermétique ont été ignorés pour plusieurs raisons : i) le manque de relais efficace entre recherche et application des innovations, notamment pour les producteurs-stockeurs en agriculture biologique ; ii) le verrouillage par le secteur commercial de l’option consistant à remplacer les traitements correctifs des avaries par une démarche écosystémique de protection antiparasitaire intégrée ; iii) l’absence de valorisation des systèmes experts permettant une meilleure maîtrise des dérives de qualité pendant la conservation.
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ПИВЕНЬ, И. Г. "APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL CONTROL OF FUNDS IN BUSINESS STRUCTURES PROVIDING SERVICES TO THE PUBLIC". Экономика и предпринимательство, n.º 2(151) (31 de mayo de 2023): 1411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.151.2.285.
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В статье рассмотрены подходы к оценке эффективности внутреннего контроля денежных средств в бизнес-структурах, оказывающих услуги населению с учетом оценки наиболее значимых показателей. Выделены особенности таких расчетов в части преобладания наличных расчетов и расчетов картами. Предложена методика с учетом коэффициентов, характеризующих задолженность покупателей, расход денежных средств на плату штрафов, потерь из-за ошибок работников, мобилизации внутренних резервов. The article considers approaches to assessing the effectiveness of internal control of funds in business structures providing services to the public, taking into account the assessment of the most significant indicators. The features of such calculations in terms of the predominance of cash payments and card payments are highlighted. The methodology is proposed taking into account the coefficients characterizing the debt of buyers, the expenditure of funds on the payment of fines, losses due to employee errors, the mobilization of internal reserves.
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Pettersson, Gunilla, Sven Norgren, Per Engstrand, Mats Rundlöf y Hans Höglund. "Aspects on bond strength in sheet structures from TMP and CTMP – a review". Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 36, n.º 2 (11 de mayo de 2021): 177–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2021-0009.
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Abstract High yield pulps (HYP), manufactured in mechanical and chemimechanical pulping processes, are mainly used in graphic papers and paper grades where a high bulk is preferable, like in paperboards. Moreover, packaging papers with very high demands on both dry and wet strength could be manufactured from HYP in a near future. Preferred bonds between fibre components (long fibres, shortened fibres and fines) in the various paper grades are quite different. In the review, plausible effects of mechanical interlocking, intermolecular interactions (“physical bonding”), hydrogen bonds, intermixing of polymers, additives and possible specific interactions in the formation of strong bonds in sheet structures from HYP are discussed. A required condition for high bond strength in sheets from HYP furnishes is that fibre components are forced into sufficiently close contact. This is to a great extent impeded if the fibre walls are too stiff. Consequently, the current review focuses on both how fibre fractions should preferably be developed for different end uses and how suitable bonds might be achieved in different paper grades. The ideal type of bonds is certainly different depending on the demands on the final paper quality.
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ПИВЕНЬ, И. Г. "ISSUES OF ORGANIZATION OF INTERNAL CONTROL OF FUNDS IN BUSINESS STRUCTURES PROVIDING SERVICES TO THE POPULATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS". Экономика и предпринимательство, n.º 2(151) (31 de mayo de 2023): 1394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.151.2.282.
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В статье рассмотрены подходы к оценке эффективности внутреннего контроля денежных средств в бизнес-структурах, оказывающих услуги населению с учетом оценки наиболее значимых показателей. Выделены особенности таких расчетов в части преобладания наличных расчетов и расчетов картами. Предложена методика с учетом коэффициентов, характеризующих задолженность покупателей, расход денежных средств на плату штрафов, потерь из-за ошибок работников, мобилизации внутренних резервов. The article considers approaches to assessing the effectiveness of internal control of funds in business structures providing services to the public, taking into account the assessment of the most significant indicators. The features of such calculations in terms of the predominance of cash payments and card payments are highlighted. The methodology is proposed taking into account the coefficients characterizing the debt of buyers, the expenditure of funds on the payment of fines, losses due to employee errors, the mobilization of internal reserves.
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Daoudi, Ali, Jean-Philippe Colin y Khadidja Baroud. "La politique de mise en valeur des terres arides en Algérie : une lecture en termes d’équité". Cahiers Agricultures 30 (2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2020038.
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Les politiques foncières redistributives suscitent souvent des débats controversés quant à leur équité. La politique de mise en valeur agricole, en cours en Algérie depuis 1983, a donné un nouveau souffle à l’agriculture algérienne et a considérablement élargi les perspectives de développement pour des milliers d’acteurs dans les zones arides du pays. En déverrouillant simultanément l’accès à la terre et à l’eau souterraine publiques, l’État joue un rôle d’allocation, ou dans certains cas de réallocation, des ressources productives. Un réel engouement pour le foncier est observé dans beaucoup de ces zones ; l’accès au foncier public est aujourd’hui l’objet d’enjeux économiques importants. Une étude auprès de différents acteurs impliqués dans cette politique (agriculteurs bénéficiaires et non bénéficiaires de terre, cadres du ministère de l’Agriculture, cadres des structures déconcentrées des administrations publiques concernées, élus locaux), ciblée sur la « petite » mise en valeur, montre comment la question de l’équité de l’allocation des terres publiques dans le cadre de la politique de mise en valeur, est diversement appréciée. Les acteurs locaux, notamment les ayants droit historiques sur les terres objet de mise en valeur, sont les plus sensibles à la question de l’équité, qu’ils apprécient à l’aune de la préservation ou de la perte de leurs droits hérités sur la terre. Les cadres du ministère de l’Agriculture mettent davantage en exergue la question de la réussite de la mise en valeur et considèrent qu’il est plus juste d’attribuer la terre à ceux qui peuvent effectivement la mettre en valeur.
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Seraphim, Joanna. "Défis et enjeux de la transmission culturelle et identitaire chez les Métis francophones : le rôle de la famille et de la communauté à Winnipeg". Cahiers franco-canadiens de l'Ouest 27, n.º 1 (22 de junio de 2015): 149–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1031244ar.
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Les Métis francophones sont une minorité parmi les populations autochtones. En raison des discriminations, de nombreux Métis ont caché leur identité et n’ont pas appris à leurs enfants leur culture pour faciliter leur intégration économique et sociale dans la société dominante canadienne. Désormais, être Métis est mieux accepté qu’auparavant. Les Métis cherchent à sauvegarder leur culture et à l’enseigner à leurs enfants avant qu’il ne soit trop tard. En nous basant sur une enquête de terrain, des entrevues, une analyse qualitative de leur contenu, nous cherchons à comprendre le rôle de la famille et de la communauté dans la transmission culturelle et identitaire des Métis d’aujourd’hui. Nous nous rendons compte que des Métis sont toujours soumis à la violence symbolique, c’est-à-dire qu’ils pensent que les discriminations contre leurs pairs sont justifiées, et rejettent leur culture. Toutefois, de nombreux Métis ont le projet de préserver et de transmettre leur culture, à travers la pratique de traditions ou la fréquentation de la communauté métisse. Cette communauté métisse urbaine existe sous la forme d’association métisse. Ces structures associatives représentent un lieu de socialisation; elles oeuvrent pour la préservation de la culture à travers des événements communautaires et des ateliers culturels. Cette étude se démarque par la méthode et les concepts mobilisés, et par ses objectifs, qui visent à apporter des suggestions pratiques pour favoriser la transmission culturelle et identitaire des Métis en milieu urbain.
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Kowalczyk, Beata. "Uliczni „przedsiębiorcy”, czyli spór o widzialność w przestrzeni publicznej miasta". Kultura i Społeczeństwo 60, n.º 2 (23 de mayo de 2016): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2016.60.2.5.
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This text is an attempt at a sociological description of the phenomenon of street trading as a form of (in)visible presence in the public space of the city. Street traders are (in)visible in the sense that, in breaking the legal regulations setting the frame for public visibility, they must be invisible to the apparatus of power in order to avoid fines and ensure their ability to achieve their aims, their livelihoods. On the one hand, street traders balance on the edge of the law, transgressing the public order, and on the other hand, they are active creators of its (in)visible portion, metaphorically speaking—protesters against the established socio-cultural structures but in reality people seeking the means to survive.
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RUBIN, O. D., E. N. BELLENDIR, K. E. FROLOV y I. V. BAKLYKOV. "Analysis of the nature of cracking of the walls of the building of the hspp station unit and the walls of the floating bulkhead of the dry dock with the development of measures on strengthening". Prirodoobustrojstvo, n.º 4 (2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2022-4-63-74.
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The article presents the results of full-scale and computational studies of reinforced concrete structures of the shield wall of the PSPP building and the fl oating bulkhead of the dry dock, which are important structures, on the condition of which the construction and operation of the pumped-storage power plant and the dry dock depend. Based on the survey data, the nature of crack formation in the shield wall of the PSPP building and in the front wall of the floating bulkhead (facing towards the dry dock) was established. The acting loads and causes of crack formation were determined. The actual stresses in the armature were determined by the «valve unloading» method. Fines were cut down in concrete, the studied rod armature was bared, on which deformometers were installed and zero readings were taken. Calculation studies of the VAT of reinforced concrete structures of the shield wall of the PSPP building and the dry dock floating dam were carried out on the basis of spatial finite element models, including the structure and the base. The measures to reinforce the shield wall of the PSPP building with carbon fabrics were developed and practically implemented; the measures to strengthen the walls of the floating bulkhead were proposed.
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Ahón Olguín, Milly. "Los postulados de la Educación por el Arte y la investigación cualitativa". Tradición, segunda época, n.º 19 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31381/tradicion.v0i19.2635.
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ResumenLa aplicación del enfoque de la investigación cualitativa en la Educación por el Arte es una alternativa prioritaria, por la exigencia de la interpretación más exacta de las proposiciones y el significado unívoco de las variables e indicadores de estudio, propios de dicho tipo de investigación. Considerando que la Educación por el Arte posee una doctrina flexible que reúne los fines, principios y postulados que pueden contribuir a la validez y confiabilidad de la operativización de las variables, este artículo presenta siete postulados de la Educación por el Arte, definidos como elementos teórico-prácticos sistematizados con la finalidad de puntualizar algunas estructuras teóricas que sustentan esta orientación educativa.
Palabras claves: Investigación cualitativa, fines, postulados, Educación por el Arte.
AbstractThe application of the qualitative research approach in Education through the Arts is a priority alternative, due to the demand for the most exact interpretation of the propositions and the unequivocal meaning of the variables and indicators of study, which are characteristic of this type of research. Considering that Education through the Arts has a flexible doctrine that gathers the purposes, principles and postulates that can contribute to the validity and reliability to the implementation of the variables, this paper presents seven postulates of Education through the Arts defined as systematized theoretical-practical elements, with the purpose of pointing out some theoretical structures that are the base of Education through the Arts.
Keywords: Qualitative research, purposes and postulates of Education through the Arts
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Li, Lin, Jenny Liu, Xiong Zhang, Steve Saboundjian y Peng Li. "Characterizing Influence of Water Access Condition during Freezing on Resilient Behavior of Alaskan Base Course Materials". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, n.º 6 (26 de mayo de 2020): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120918242.
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Accurate characterization of the resilient behavior of the base course materials under different climatic conditions is critical for the design of reliable and cost-effective pavement structures. In Alaska, the resilient behavior of base course materials usually undergoes significant variation due to seasonal change and extreme climatic conditions. Previous studies have revealed that the resilient behavior of base course materials could be significantly influenced by the freezing process. In this study, the freezing process under two extreme conditions (i.e., free and no water access conditions) that base course materials could possibly experience in the field was simulated using a one-dimensional frost heave cell. The influences of the water access condition during freezing on the frost heave and resilient modulus (MR) of the base course materials with different fines and initial water contents was assessed based on the results from the freezing process and repeated load triaxial tests. A pressure plate test was also performed to build the relationship between suction and water content of soils with different fines content. Suction was then introduced to model MR of the materials tested under unfrozen conditions before and after a freeze–thaw cycle. The adoption of suction significantly simplified the equation for MR prediction. Finally, structural analyses were conducted using BISAR and Alaska Flexible Pavement Design (AKFPD) software and the results revealed that free water access during freezing can significantly accelerate cracking and reduce pavement service life.
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Snyder, Mark B. y James E. Bruinsma. "Review of Studies concerning Effects of Unbound Crushed Concrete Bases on PCC Pavement Drainage". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1519, n.º 1 (enero de 1996): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196151900107.
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Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) products are sometimes used as replacements for virgin aggregate products in concrete pavement structures. Recent concerns have centered on the deposit of RCA-associated fines and precipitate suspected of reducing the drainage capacity of RCA base layers and associated drainage systems. Environmental concerns have focused on the relatively high pH of the effluent produced by untreated RCA base layers. Several studies have examined these concerns and others; the results of some of these studies have not been published or publicized. The most relevant of these studies are summarized herein. These research efforts demonstrate that calcium-based compounds are present in most recycled concrete aggregates in quantities sufficient to be leached and precipitated in the presence of carbon dioxide. Precipitate potential appears to be related to the amount of freshly exposed cement paste surface. Thus, selective grading or blending with natural aggregates can reduce, but not eliminate, precipitate problems. It was also noted that insoluble, noncarbonate residue makes up a major portion of the materials found in and around pavement drainage systems. Washing the RCA products before using them in foundation layers appears to reduce the potential for accumulation of dust and other fines in the drainage system, but probably has little effect on precipitate potential. Field studies have shown that precipitate and insoluble materials can significantly reduce the permittivity of typical drainage fabrics but that attention to drainage design details can minimize the effects of these materials on pavement drainage.
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BIGOT, Geneviève, Céline VIAL, Géraldine FLEURANCE, Pascale HEYDEMANN y Roger PALAZON. "Productions et activités équines en France : quelles contributions à la durabilité de l’agriculture ?" INRA Productions Animales 31, n.º 1 (11 de junio de 2018): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2018.31.1.2205.
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Le cheptel équin français est estimé à 1 million de têtes, ce qui le place toutefois, loin derrière les cheptels de bovins et d’ovins. Les poneys et chevaux de selle pour le sport et les loisirs équestres représentent les 2/3 des effectifs. Le seul secteur des courses réalise un chiffre d’affaire de l’ordre de 10 milliards d’euros. Quelle que soit l’orientation (élevage, pension, entraînement, centre équestre…), la présence d’équins dans les structures est principalement motivée par la passion des dirigeants pour cet animal, si bien que la limite entre loisir et activité productive n’est pas toujours claire. Cet aspect influe sur l’atomisation de la filière, le temps consacré aux animaux et les objectifs économiques des exploitants, ainsi que sur leur perception par le reste du monde agricole. Cette motivation peut néanmoins expliquer, pourquoi les productions et activités équines sont présentes sur tout le territoire national où elles contribuent à l’image et à l’attractivité des zones rurales et suburbaines. Les spécificités intrinsèques de cet herbivore lui permettent de valoriser des surfaces en herbe non exploitables par les bovins ou en complément de ceux-ci. La présence de chevaux contribue ainsi à la préservation de ressources naturelles et de la biodiversité. L’illustration des différents impacts - économiques, sociaux et environnementaux - des productions et activités équines dans le secteur agricole devrait contribuer à une meilleure lisibilité de cette filière par la profession agricole et ses interlocuteurs publics permettant ainsi son intégration dans les stratégies d’évolution de l’agriculture vers plus de durabilité.
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Silva, João Paulo, João Vítor Carvalho, Alexia Cindy Wagner y Nilo Cesar Consoli. "On the behavior of compacted filtered iron ore tailings submitted to high pressures". E3S Web of Conferences 544 (2024): 13004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454413004.
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Mine tailings have been disposed of in a slurry form in tailings dams for many years. However, recent disasters involving conventional disposal in dams reinforced the need for alternative structures to store these materials safely. One alternative is dry stacking of tailings. In these structures, tailings are filtered to low moisture content and then compacted in layers. Due to material compaction, dry stacks tend to be stable and are usually built with elevated heights to use the available area better. So, it becomes essential to understand the mechanical behavior of tailings subjected to high pressures, especially concerning the possibility of grain breakage. In this context, the present research focuses on studying the geotechnical behavior of iron ore tailings from different stages of ore beneficiation plants in Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil, when subjected to high pressures both in compression and in shear paths. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of fines can change the geotechnical performance of the dry stack tailings considering the same compaction energy (greater strength, stiffness, and lower permeability) both in drained and undrained conditions. No breakage could be identified for the stress level studied (6 MPa).
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Santos, Maria Alice, Regina T. R. Monteiro, Christian Blaise, François Gagné, Kimberly Bull y Jean-François Férard. "Influence of Sediment Grain Size on Elutriate Toxicity of Inorganic Nanomaterials". Water Quality Research Journal 44, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2009): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2009.022.
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Abstract Knowledge concerning the ecotoxic effects of nanomaterials, chemical structures with novel properties owing to their small sizes (1 to 100 nm), is wanting and deserves to be documented more fully. In this study we conducted testing with the MARA (microbial array for risk assessment) assay-an 11 microbial species 96-well microplate toxicity test measuring growth inhibition-to determine the toxic potential of four metallic nanopowders (MNPs): copper zinc iron oxide, samarium (III) oxide, erbium (III) oxide, and holmium (III) oxide. MTC (microbial toxicity concentration) endpoint values showed a range of toxicity responses generated by individual strains that was MNP-specific. Cluster analysis undertaken with the (n = 11) MTC values of the four MNPs, reflecting a toxic fingerprint proper to each nanochemical, indicated that their modes of action may be different. Experiments were also conducted with an artificial sediment, composed of varying concentrations of silica sand and kaolin (fine particles < 0.004 mm), spiked with each MNP to assess the contribution of fine particles on the resulting elutriate toxicity. The latter was shown to increase as fines contents decreased, except for CuZnFeO where no particular trends were observed. Toxicity testing was then undertaken with each MNP spiked into natural Saint Lawrence River freshwater sediments displaying low, medium, and high fines contents. Once again, analogous results to those obtained with the artificial sediment experiments were observed for MNP elutriate toxicity. Overall, MARA bioassay data indicate that MNP toxicity can be modulated by sediment grain size and that resulting adverse effects on aquatic biota will in part depend on such sediment characteristics.
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Xia, Zichun, Chengkai Wang y Leandro Sanchez. "The influence of Interground limestone fines and metakaolin on the electrical resistivity of portland-limestone concrete". Revista Ingeniería de Construcción 39 (2024): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.7764/ric.00129.21.
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The critical climate change has raised concern about the decarbonization of the cement and concrete industry, which is responsible for 8% of global CO2 emissions. Portland limestone cement (PLC), which is made by partially replacing the clinker with up to 15% interground limestone fines (LFs), has been recognized as a viable solution for its feasibility to match the engineering properties of ordinary portland cement (OPC). However, with the necessity of further increasing the LFs contents to meet the desired eco-efficiency, the dilution effect brought by less ultimate hydration products may be detrimental to the long-term performance of reinforced concrete structures, such as chloride-induced corrosion. Thus, this research explores the potential of combining PLC and alumina-rich supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to improve the resistivity of the concrete. Concrete specimens were fabricated with PLCs from two sources of three LFs replacement ratios (15, 20, and 25%). MK (8%) is used as the source of alumina. The bulk and surface resistivity results showed that combining PLC with MK can notably improve concrete resistivity even in mixtures with lower amounts of cement. Additionally, compressive strength demonstrated poor correlation with electrical resistivity, which highlights the significance of performance-based design.
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Gubar, Elena, Edgar J. Sánchez Carrera, Suriya Kumacheva, Ekaterina Zhitkova y Galina Tomilina. "Games and network structures on corruption, income inequality, and tax control". Contributions to Game Theory and Management 13 (2020): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu31.2020.09.
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The income tax system is the main instrument of fiscal policy that aims to improve income distribution and economic growth, but the problem arises when there is corrupt behavior in that system. While the tax audit is a tax control tool that is costly, the tax system should guarantee, however, the instruments for tax collection. In this research work, we formulate a model in which all taxpayers decide to pay taxes or not according to their personal income, individual preferences with respect to the audit and tax control information perceived in their social environment. We develop a theoretical model to study the structure of citizen networks that must pay taxes. First, we assume that citizens are classified by two social groups, the rich and the poor. When all citizens are taxpayers, but public authorities are corrupt, we show that the poor group is the most affected by corruption. However, when taxpayers are corrupt or tax evaders, we implement mechanisms to audit and control this corrupt behavior. Hence, we show that this situation of corruption and control of tax payments can be represented by several well-known theoretical games. Then, we apply the evolutionary theory of the game in the network considering that each taxpayer receives information from his∖her neighbors about the probability of audit and that he∖she could react according to his∖her risk status and real income. Such behavior forms a group of informed agents that propagate the information beyond the proportions of the informed and uninformed contributors that are modified. Our evolutionary model in the structure of the network describes the changes in the population of taxpayers driven by the impact of information on the future fiscal audit. Our simulation analysis shows that the initial and final preferences of taxpayers depend on important parameters, that is, taxes and fines, audit information and costs.
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Moyetta, Daniela Silvia y Fabián Negrelli. "Exploring English-Spanish contrastive grammar explanations in English for Academic Purposes reading comprehension materials at university level". Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos, n.º 29 (14 de junio de 2023): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20420/rlfe.2023.615.
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A topic of debate in English for Academic Purposes reading comprehension courses in Spanish speaking universities is the roleof grammar in in-house materials. This study explored and analysed the way in which these materials deal with contrastive grammar, in order to promote reflection and discussion on the subject of English-Spanish contrastive grammar explanations. Results showed that there are inaccuracies in the metalanguage used, in the Spanish-English contrastive analysis of some morphosyntactic structures and in the choices of instances of direct translation from English into Spanish. It is concluded that Spanish teachers of English academic reading comprehension should be provided with reference materials that allow them to describe in a well-founded manner the differences and similarities between the linguistic resources used in these two languages. Un tema de debate en los cursos de comprensión lectora de Inglés con Fines Académicos en las universidades de habla hispana es el papel de la gramática en los materiales internos. En este estudio se explora y analiza la forma en que estos materiales abordan la gramática contrastiva, con el fin de promover la reflexión y el debate sobre el tema de las explicaciones gramaticales contrastivas inglés-español. Los resultados mostraron que existen imprecisiones en el metalenguaje utilizado, en el análisis contrastivo español-inglés de algunas estructuras morfosintácticas y en la elección de instancias de traducción directa del inglés al español. Se concluye que los profesores españoles de comprensión lectora de Inglés con Fines Académicos deben contar con materiales de referencia que les permitan describir de manera fundamentada las diferencias y similitudes entre los recursos lingüísticos utilizados en estas dos lenguas.
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ATRUSHKEVICH, Victor, Alexey KRAVTSOV y Madina PLIEVA. "Modeling of vibrational dewatering of coal fines in the technological systems of hydro-mechanized mines". Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 15, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2023): 1062–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-4-1062-1071.
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Introduction. The article discusses the issues of modeling various variants of flow line tunneling technologies based on an analysis of the structure of the tunneling cycle. Materials and methods. As research methods, the authors used: analysis of the structures of the tunneling cycle of continuous mining technologies, mathematical modeling of processes and operations, and industrial testing of options for implementing the proposed technological tunneling systems. Results. Obtained during the implementation of a mathematical model of a high-frequency, low-amplitude process of vibration dehydration of mineral raw materials of small fractions, using fine coal (sludge) as an example, made it possible to determine the optimal parameters of the kinematics of the working body in accordance with the parameters of the source material. Innovative solutions have been proposed for the design of vibration dewatering devices with mechanical and hydraulic high-frequency flexibly adjustable drives. Conclusion. The article summarizes the results of research in the field of modeling and optimization of fine coal dewatering parameters in technological systems of mining enterprises. Options for implementing innovative technical devices for high-frequency, low-amplitude effects on the source material are proposed to increase the efficiency of dehydration. Resume. An analysis of existing means and methods for dewatering rock mass has shown that in relation to the technology of hydromechanized coal mining with its underground dewatering and recycling of process water, the most promising is the use of high-frequency vibration dewatering devices with a mechanical or hydraulic drive. The study of the kinematics of movement of the dewatered rock mass made it possible to determine the optimal values of vibration parameters
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Han, Gyeol, Tae Hyung Park y Tae-Hyuk Kwon. "Observation on Fines Migration During Internal Erosion in Levee Structures: Effect of Flow Velocity, Fine Fraction, Plasticity, Presence of Air Bubbles". Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 18, n.º 3 (30 de abril de 2018): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2018.18.3.293.
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Szatmári, T. y S. Fischer. "Performance of drainage geocomposites applied as capillary break layers". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1260, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1260/1/012029.
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Abstract The phenomenon of capillary rise can cause water rise up 2-3m above the high water table within the soil. Due to this effect the shear strength of fine-graded soil is decreased, or it can damage decorative floorings, paved areas, concrete and different manmade structures. Furthermore, in arid regions the ground water is often saline with a high concentration of chloride ions, which can be harmful to vegetation. The traditional methods to solve the above mentioned problems with breaking the capillary rise can be the use of free draining granular soil with very low fines contents, usually with 30 to 50 cm thickness. One of the effective capillary break methods is creating an air void between the soil layers with the help of drainage geocomposites therefore capillary rise of water is prevented. This paper presents the research work of the above described capillary break phenomenon with different types of geocomposite drainage layers in laboratory controlled conditions.