Índice
Literatura académica sobre el tema "Précipitations (météorologie) – Effets des changements climatiques"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte las listas temáticas de artículos, libros, tesis, actas de conferencias y otras fuentes académicas sobre el tema "Précipitations (météorologie) – Effets des changements climatiques".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Précipitations (météorologie) – Effets des changements climatiques"
SODJINOU, Epiphane y Saïd K. HOUNKPONOU. "Impact des changements climatiques sur les revenus des ménages agricoles au Bénin : Evidence basée sur l’application du modèle Ricardien". Annales de l’Université de Parakou - Série Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie 9, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2019): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56109/aup-sna.v9i1.62.
Texto completoAgani, Alain Oloni, Gauthier Biaou, Anne Floquet, Afio Zannou y Laurent G. Houessou. "Perception et Prédiction future des Changements Climatiques par les Agriculteurs de Materi et Leurs Impacts sur la Production Agricole". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, n.º 24 (31 de agosto de 2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n24p111.
Texto completoKazadi, Laurent Kabala, John Tshomba Kalumbu, Robert Monga Ilunga Dikoshi, Augustin Nge Okwe, Moïse Kalambaie y Jules Nkulu Mwine Fyama. "Perception des Exploitants Familiaux Producteurs de Maïs sur les Perturbations Climatiques dans l’Hinterland de Lubumbashi : Région du Haut-Katanga, RDC". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, n.º 9 (31 de marzo de 2024): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n9p250.
Texto completoTakpa, O’Neil G. M. M., G. Pierre Tovihoudji, Nouroudine Ollabodé, P. B. Irénikatché Akponikpè y Jacob A. Yabi. "Perception des producteurs des changements climatiques et stratégies d’adaptation dans les systèmes de culture à base de maïs (Zea mays) au Nord-Bénin". Annales de l’Université de Parakou - Série Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie 12, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.56109/aup-sna.v12i1.7.
Texto completoIyiola-Tunji, A. O. "Climate-smart livestock production: options for Nigerian farmers". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, n.º 4 (8 de marzo de 2021): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i4.3005.
Texto completoOlaniyi, W. A. "The proposed Eko Atlantic City project, Victoria Island, Lagos: Preliminary impact assessment of land reclamation on the aquatic lives and climate change". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, n.º 4 (8 de marzo de 2021): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i4.3014.
Texto completoBenmoussa, Amroumoussa, Amina Wafik, Abdessamad Najine, Raji Abdletife y Sahar Khrmouch. "Etude Comparative des Différentes Méthodes d'Estimation de l'Evapotranspiration en Zone Semi-Aride (cas Plaine Tadla Maroc)". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, n.º 40 (31 de octubre de 2023): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n40p74.
Texto completoGagné, Karine. "Climat". Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.110.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Précipitations (météorologie) – Effets des changements climatiques"
Thiam, Papa Masseck. "Effets des futurs changements climatiques sur la performance à long terme des chaussées souples au Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30293/30293.pdf.
Texto completoThe long-term performance of the road network of the province of Quebec (Canada) is strongly influenced by the climate and the weather conditions. Amongst other factors, high levels of saturation in soils and pavement materials are believed to be an important cause of pavement deterioration. According to the climate change scenarios established by Ouranos (2010), the North and South of Quebec will undergo an average precipitation increase from -0.1% to 8.45% in a future horizon of 2010-2039. The purpose of this project is to quantify the effect of these expected precipitation increases on the mechanical behavior of road structures, materials and soils. Based on literature and on data collected on instrumented road sections, a relationship between precipitation increase and saturation level of pavement layers is proposed. The resilient modulus and permanent deformation behavior for various water contents and four different subgrade soils was determined using triaxial tests, which were validated using small-scale heavy vehicle simulator, in order to determine the existing relationship between mechanical properties and moisture contents. Using the precipitation increase scenarios and the preset models, a damage analysis is performed to quantify the decrease of pavements service life caused by climate change. It is found that climate change, and more precisely the increase of precipitation expected in the Province of Quebec, will have a significant impact on pavement performance and that adapted pavement structures and materials, such as improved drainage, increased structural capacity or materials with reduced sensitivity to water, are possible options to reduce the loss of pavement life associated with climate change.
Ha, Minh Truong. "No precipitation or heavy precipitation : how can we make regional climate models more reliable over Euro-Mediterranean?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS187.
Texto completoThe Euro-Mediterranean area has been identified as a hot-spot for climate change with higher probability of occurrence of extreme events conducive to floods and droughts. However, models tend to simulate too often light precipitation and to underestimate heavy precipitation, making them unreliable for the estimation of future extreme events over this region. The motivation of this PhD project is to better understand and model the processes leading to these extremes, by considering their spatial variability linked to very diverse conditions, and to better estimate the answer of these processes to climate change. I first analyze the triggering of precipitation based on the relationship between precipitation, IWV and tropospheric temperature from different ensembles of the regional climate simulations over Europe from 0.44° to convective-permitting (CP) resolution to assess the impact of resolution and convection parameterization in representing precipitation triggering. Then I used a small ensemble of simulations with the parameterization of deep convection switched off at a coarser resolution than the CP ensemble, this aims to disentangle the impact of higher resolution and explicit convection in CP simulations. Finally, I investigated the evolution of precipitation triggering processes in a warming climate using an ensemble of CP simulations. The results show that CP ensemble presents a lower occurrence of weak precipitation and more intense extreme events. To explain this tendency, I determine the critical value of water vapor (IWVcv) over which the precipitation occurrence picks up for different bins of temperature and I compare the values obtained for the different ensembles. I show that lower frequency of precipitation in CP simulations can be explained by higher IWVcv and lower probability to exceed IWVcv over the areas with vigorous convection. The explicit convection plays a more important role in simulating precipitation frequency, while the impact of higher resolution varies with different models. In addition, over the high mountain, model resolution has a larger impact in simulating IWVcv because dynamical processes linked to orography play an important role in triggering convection. Over the plains, higher resolution has a larger impact at low temperature bins but at high temperature, the impact of deep explicit convection is greater. Over the sea, IWVcv is not impacted by model resolution because precipitation triggering depends on large scale convergence over there. In a warming climate, the distribution of IWVcv is expected to shift towards higher temperature and water vapor, this leads to a less often but stronger convection in the future projections
Roudier, Philippe. "Climat et agriculture en Afrique de l'Ouest : quantification de l'impact du changement climatique sur les rendements et évaluation de l'utilité des prévisions saisonnières". Paris, EHESS, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874724.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we first aim at reviewing all the studies assessing the impact of future climate changes on agricultural yields. The median value of all relative changes of yield is -11%. We also underline the relevance for future studies to define a large range of climatic scenarios. Based on these conclusions, we next intend to evaluate the impact of future climate change on West African yields using 35 meteorological stations. Results reveal a negative evolution of average yield, mainly driven by temperature rise. Rainfall anomalies can only compensate (positive anomaly) or aggravate (negative) this tendency. We also find that potential impacts are more pessimistic for cultivars with a constant cycle length. Given these previous findings about high year-to-year variability of rainfall (thus entailing a variability of yields) and given the uncertain future climate, we are led to study next what interest the farmers would have in having climatic information such as seasonal forecasts. These forecasts can be used to minimize the impacts of rainfall variability. We compute the value of such forecasts for millet growers in Niger, using a simple economic model. Results reveal a positive impact of such forecasts on average income, even for dry years and with a forecast accuracy close to a real one. This increase reaches +34% if other information such as the onset and the offset of the rainy season are given. Finally, we develop participatory workshops in Senegal (i) to study precisely how farmers change their cropping strategies with seasonal and decadal forecasts and (ii) to quantify the impact of such forecasts on yields. This study reveals that forecasts have mainly no impact on yields (62%). However, it is positive in 31% of cases
Merdaci, Ouassila. "Changements climatiques au cours des 30 derniers mille ans en Afrique sud équatoriale (Tanzanie) par l'étude des pigments et phénols sédimentaires lacustres". Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30079.
Texto completoFleury, Sophie. "Laminations sédimentaires et variabilité climatique et océanographique haute-fréquence sur la marge péruvienne". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0068/document.
Texto completoThe Peruvian Upwelling System (PUS) and the corresponding Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) are part of the regions where the imprint of climatic variations due to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at the interannual and multidecadal timescales is the strongest. However,only a few records of ENSO-like climatic variability reach such short timescales in thisgeographical area, despite prevailing conditions favorable to the preservation of laminatedsediments. We analyzed these sedimentary archives at the scale of the lamination, using sedimentology, micropaleontology and geochemistry. The aim was to trace variations in all parameters responding to climatic changes (rainfall, productivity, denitrification, sea surfacetemperatures). This approach has provided a full record of environmental conditions in thePeruvian OMZ at multiannual and multidecadal timescales for the first time on time intervals exceeding the last millennium. We thus evidenced a strong imprint of the Walker circulation on the PUS. This impact is paced by the extratropical northern hemisphere, especially by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) at the multidecadal timescale, by the thermohaline circulation at the centennial timescale and by the Siberian High at the millennial timescale
Guilbert, Marcellin. "Réponse des moussons indienne et africaine au changement climatique d’origine anthropique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS454.
Texto completoThe monsoons are defined by a seasonal reversal of winds that brings more than 80% of annual precipitation to India and the Sahel, which are largely dependent on them. Predicting their evolution under the influence of man - the so-called anthropogenic response - is therefore of the utmost importance, all the more so as these two regions will be home to two billion people by 2100. However, the monsoon projections we are currently able to provide are accompanied by major uncertainties concerning the amplitude and sometimes the very sign of these changes. Using recent simulations carried out for the 6th report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we seek to understand the origin of these uncertainties in climate models. The performance of these models in reproducing historical trends (1850-2014) is a factor of confidence in their ability to predict the future. However, these historical trends are also marked by uncertainties. Consequently, the first question we want to answer is: can we explain the uncertainty of the models in simulating the evolution of the Indian and Sahelian monsoons over the historical period? Model errors in relation to an observed climatology calculated over a reference period of at least thirty years are called biases, and we wish to test the hypothesis that they may partly explain the different responses of the models. We first consider the case of India, and following this hypothesis, we show that the climatological temperature biases of models in the equatorial Pacific Ocean modulate the way they simulate the historical response of the Indian monsoon. Indeed, we show that by modulating the historical response of the Pacific Ocean, climatological biases in the latter affect the Indian monsoon via mechanisms similar to those linking ENSO (El Niño - Southern Oscillation) and monsoon interannual variability. We then reproduce the same study for the Sahelian monsoon, where we show that climatological temperature biases in all the Tropics are strongly linked to the way models simulate its historical evolution. We do not, however, identify the precise physical mechanism linking this bias to the Sahelian monsoon, but we do show that the latter is strongly dependent on the way models simulate the response of the inter-hemispheric temperature gradient, which is physically consistent with the known role of this gradient as a modulator of the position of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). In the second part of our investigations, we switch to projections (2014-2100) based on a pessimistic scenario of high emissions, and address the following question: what are the sources of uncertainty in the forced response of the monsoons within the projections? This time, we tackle the Sahel case first and link the diversity of responses across models to two factors: the response of the inter-hemispheric temperature gradient and that of the equatorial Pacific. The underlying mechanisms involve ITCZ migration and enhanced surface circulation for the first factor, and modulation of the Walker circulation and tropical waves for the second. These two factors account for 62% of the uncertainty in Sahel projections. Finally, we look at the future of the Indian monsoon, and show that its uncertainties are strongly linked to the temperature response of deserts from the Sahara to Pakistan, which also influences the response of the Sahelian monsoon. Indeed, the stronger the temperature response, the more pronounced the thermal depression over the deserts, the stronger the monsoon surface circulation and hence the precipitation
Gential, Luc. "Modélisation du bilan de masse en surface de la calotte glaciaire antarctique". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10092.
Texto completoThe Antarctic ice sheet surface mass balance (SMB, snow accumulation minus ablation) is sensitive to climate parameters and directly contributes to global mean sea level variations. Therefore, in the perspective of climate change, it is useful to develop tools that can simulate the physical processes involved in the Antarctic surface mass balance. The approach developed in this thesis consists in using a cascade of atmospheric models from large scale to local scale. Thus, a regional climate model (Modèle atmosphérique régional, hereinafter referred to as MAR), forced by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis, provides a diagnostic physical-based rain- and snowfall disaggregation model with meteorological fields at the regional scale (typically 40-km resolution). In a first part, it is shown that the SMB calculated by MAR is in good agreement with observations in most regions. Nonetheless, runoff appears to be overestimated; the problem vanishes when introducing a dependency of albedo with solar zenithal distance. In a second part, it is shown that although the parameterizations invoked in the disaggregation model are fairly simple, the knowledge of small-scale topography (5-km resolution) is efficiently used to improve the spatial variability of precipitation - and therefore SMB - over coastal regions of Antarctica. Model validation is carried out with the help of snow height measurements provided by automatic weather stations. Over the coastal place of Law Dome, the net accumulation gradient is mostly due to orographic forcing of precipitation (rather than blowing snow). The disaggregation model dramatically underestimates precipitation over the Antarctic Plateau, where polar stratospheric clouds associated with radiative cooling could play a role in the formation of precipitation during the polar night
Colin, Jeanne. "Étude des événements précipitants intenses en Méditerranée : approche par la modélisation climatique régionale". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1357/.
Texto completoThe climatic variability of intense rainfall events in the Mediterranean is studied using the limited area climate model ALADIN-Climate, whose ability to simulate these events in South-East France is explored. Several sensitivity studies are conducted to assess the impact of various configuration parameters on the model's skill to downscale such extreme events : coupling with a Mediterranean sea model, use of the spectral nudging technique, size of the domain of integration and horizontal resolution. These studies are either performed within the so-called Big-Brother Experiment framework or through hindcast simulations driven by the ERA-40 reanalysis. The increase of resolution (from 50 to 12. 5 km) is found to be the only parameter affecting the modeling of extreme precipitation. The added value of the higher resolution on the way ALADIN-Climate simulates High Precipitation Events (HPE) in South-East France is carefully studied. Comparisons of ALADIN-Climate's skills to those of two State-of-the-art statistical methods of downscaling and detection of these events -- DSCLIM (Boé et al. , 2006) and "CYPRIM" (Nuissier et al. , 2011) -- show that with a resolution of 12. 5 km, the model offers better results than the first method and appears to be at least as good as the second one, therefore it constitutes an appropriate numerical tool to explore the climatic variability of the HPE. A climate change scenario (A1B) is then performed with this tool for the end of the XXe century and we assess the simulated changes affecting HPE in future climate. Several methods are proposed to analyse and display the results, suggesting an increase of both the frequency and intensity of the HPE
Luu, Nhat Linh. "The role of human-induced climate change on extreme convective precipitation events in the south of France : a high-resolution model simulation approach". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASV018.
Texto completoThe France-Mediterranean area is frequently exposed to heavy precipitation events in the autumn whose daily accumulation can sometimes exceed 300 millimeters. There are a few studies showing the increasing trend in the frequency and intensity of these events (e.g. Vautard et al., 2015; Ribes et al., 2019). However, a formal extreme event attribution that links those changes to human-induced climate change for this area has never been done. This PhD subject aims at quantifying the role of human-induced climate change in altering the statistical properties of extreme convective precipitation event occurring over the France-Mediterranean focusing on the Cevennes mountain range and using a high-resolution model approach including convection-permitting model for the first time. I first analyze the EURO-CORDEX ensemble, which includes different combinations of global climate models and regional climate models. Then I conducted a set of numerical simulations with the WRF model at a convection-permitting resolution. I also compared the simulations with observations and high-resolution re-analyses. The results show that regional models can reproduce extreme convective rainfall events with better agreement with observations by increasing their horizontal resolution, especially to convection-permitting resolution (approx. 3 km). By using these simulations, I show that human-induced climate change consistently makes the 100-year 3-hourly and daily precipitation event at least 2 times more likely under current climate. The results also suggest the need of using multi-model approach to reduce the uncertainties in this type of impact study
Rathgeber, Cyrille. "Impact des changements climatiques et de l'augmentation du taux de CO2 atmosphérique sur la productivité des écosystèmes forestiers : exemple du pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Provence calcaire (France)". Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30033.
Texto completoData from 21 Aleppo pine stands have allowed to calculate a synthetic growth index which expresses inter-annual productivity variations. For each stand, three types of models (climatic, bioclimatic and biogeochemistry) have been confronted to the observations and validated. The biogeochemistry model is not sensitive to climatic changes but simulates a strong productivity increase linked to the increase of CO2 rate. The climatic model of growth simulates, in response of climatic change, a strong increase of productivity linked to the increase of spring temperatures. The bioclimatic model simulates a significant decrease of productivity linked to the increase of summer drought period. The response of a stand depends on the site conditions. The exposure, in fact, determines the thermal balance when the slope, the soil water capacity and the permeability of the substratum constraint the water balance