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Akinuli, Bankole O., Akintan Akinyemi A., Adedayo Olawale C. y Adedotun Adewale K. "The Influence of Macroeconomic Variables on Manufacturing Sectors: A Case of Nigeria". International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, IIIs (2024): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.803003s.
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This study has examined the influence of macroeconomic variables on manufacturing sectors with a particular reference to Nigerian economy. The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of macroeconomic variables on manufacturing sectors (proxy businesses, productivity sectors and industries) in Nigeria. Econometrics tools were employed to analyse the variables sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical bulletin within the period of 1985 up to 2022. Among the pre-test conducted on the variables are unit root test, descriptive statistics and co-integration bound test. Meanwhile, post-diagnosis test conducted include: stability test, heteroskedacity test, and serial correlation test. The findings show that macroeconomic variables have mixed influences on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. It is, therefore, recommended that the government should effectively stabilise and manage interest rate, exchange rate and inflation rate with a view of creating enabling environment for manufacturing firms and potential investors in Nigeria. The government should intensify the efforts of garnering more foreign earnings by harnessing international trades.
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Visca, Eliseo, Emanuele Cacciotti, Anton Komarov, Stefano Libera, Nikolay Litunovsky, Alexey Makhankov, Andrea Mancini et al. "Manufacturing, testing and post-test examination of ITER divertor vertical target W small scale mock-ups". Fusion Engineering and Design 86, n.º 9-11 (octubre de 2011): 1591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.02.079.
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Wang, Zeyuan y Yufeng Zhou. "Fatigue lifetime prediction of a 3D-printing dental implant by Finite Element Analysis". MATEC Web of Conferences 232 (2018): 02060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823202060.
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This study clarifies the differences between additive manufacturing and traditional manufacturing and the differences in product properties. The fatigue life of 3D printed dental implants was studied by finite element analysis. Pure titanium dental implant made by Concept laser3D printer in Germany is modelled by Solidworks 2016. Finite element analysis was performed in Ansys17.0 and the fatigue lifetime test is predicted in its post-processing system. These components are assembled by software Solidworks according to ISO14801. The maximum and minimum values of each index are obtained in the fatigue post process.
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Mohammadi, Arefeh, Kevin Grosskopf y John Killingsworth. "An Experiential Online Training Approach for Underrepresented Engineering and Technology Students". Education Sciences 10, n.º 3 (25 de febrero de 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10030046.
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Workforce pipelines are essential to sustain a productive workforce in an increasingly competitive, high-tech environment. Advanced automation, sensors, materials and data analytics will increase the need for highly skilled workers in the manufacturing (and manufactured construction) sector. Attracting and developing the next-generation workforce is not without its challenges; however, students are often deficient in technical skills and generally have negative perceptions about manufacturing and construction. As a result, new education and training models have been developed to provide instruction at all levels of the educational system, with a focus on both traditional students and non-traditional students, including ethnic minorities, women, veterans, disabled persons and older adult learners. This study focused specifically on certain underrepresented students in STEM programs offered at community colleges in the Great Plains region of the U.S. An available online training program by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers was used as a contextualized online training tool. The Learning Management System embedded in this online training tool was used to gather student data. Conducting multiple regression analyses on the test outcomes, completion rates, and improvement between post-test and pre-test scores showed that female participants achieved greater improvement between pre- and post-test scores than males, and achieved higher rates of credentialing compared to all other demographic groups. African American participants achieved greatest improvement between pre- and post-test scores than all other ethnic groups while Hispanics achieved higher rates of module completion. Additionally, this study also examines the background related to contextualized teaching and learning, as well as the effectiveness of this delivery method for these underrepresented populations.
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KIM, JUNG SU, DONG SOO KIM, MIN CHEOL LEE y WON HEE LEE. "A METHOD OF 3D FREEFORM FABRICATION USING A CURING OF PHOTOPOLYMER RESIN". International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, n.º 09n11 (30 de abril de 2008): 1839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920804750x.
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Recently, Study of 3D freeform fabrication method was working in the various applications. For example, in the powder base, it's laminated using a binding method or laser sintering method. However, the demerits of these methods are to take long time for post process and not enough to keep high strength of manufacturing part. The binding method needs the post process and the time for post process needs longer time than a manufacturing time. The sintering method has huge size of system with module of the laser. In this paper, we introduce a method of 3D freeform fabrication using a curing of photopolymer resin. A photopolymer curing method has simply fabrication process and high strength of manufacturing part. So, we are configuration the system with compact type module for the office environment and experiment a UV curing test with photopolymer resin in the 3D freeform fabrication method. In the conclusion, we fabricate the 3D freeform part, which is suitable to the office environment using a photopolymer curing method.
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Rohmat Hidayat, Agus, Nur Alifah y Medika Oga Laksana. "Financial Performance Analysis: Manufacturing Companies In Indonesia Before And Post The 2008 Global Economic Crisis". Journal of Comprehensive Science (JCS) 1, n.º 5 (23 de diciembre de 2022): 1267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.59188/jcs.v1i5.158.
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This study aims to analyze the financial performance of Indonesian manufacturing companies before and after the global economic crisis in 2008. In this study, financial performance is measured by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Profit Margin (NPM). By comparing the average ROA, ROE, and NPM before and after the crisis, the results of the descriptive analysis were tested. It can be seen that ROA, ROE and NPM after the crisis were higher than before the crisis. As a result, post-crisis financial performance has improved compared to before the crisis. Based on the descriptive analysis, it is known that the financial performance of manufacturing companies after the crisis is better than before the crisis. Based on the t test, the results of ROA, ROE and NPM tests were obtained as follows. First, Post-crisis ROA is higher than before the 2008 global economic crisis, and the increase is said to be large. Second, post-crisis return on equity appears to be higher than before the global economic crisis, but this is not statistically significant. Third, post-crisis NPM also appears to be larger than before the crisis, but not statistically significant. The results of the t test show that financial performance as measured by ROA has improved after the crisis compared to before the crisis.
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Eke, Ihuoma Chikulirim, Felix Awara Eke y Awara Emeng Edom. "Infrastructure and Manufacturing Sector Performance in Nigeria". International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation X, n.º VII (2023): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2023.10717.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of infrastructure (electricity consumption and paved roads) on manufacturing sector performance in Nigeria for the period 1981-2019. The ex post facto research design was adopted for the study, using a combination of the traditional Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) econometric method, and the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test for robust and valid estimation results. The co-integration test showed that the equations in the model were integrated. The study findings revealed that infrastructure, proxy by electricity supply had an adverse but not significant effect on manufacturing sector performance while paved roads had a positive and significant impact on manufacturing performance in Nigeria. The study recommends a total overhaul of the electricity sub-sector and targets increased supply specifically for industrial consumption as well as exploring alternative options to increase the road network such as public-private partnership arrangements given its importance to industrial performance.
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Pirozzi, Carmine, Stefania Franchitti, Rosario Borrelli, Antonio Chiariello y Luigi Di Palma. "The Effect of Post-Processing on the Mechanical Behavior of Ti6Al4V Manufactured by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion for General Aviation Primary Structural Applications". Aerospace 7, n.º 6 (5 de junio de 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7060075.
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In this work a mechanical characterization of Ti6Al4V processed by electron beam powder bed fusion additive manufacturing was carried out to investigate the viability of this technology for the manufacturing of flyable parts for general aviation aircraft. Tests were performed on different manufacturing conditions in order to investigate the effect of post processing as machining on the mechanical behavior. The study provides useful information to airframe designers and manufacturing specialists that work with this technology. The investigation confirms the low process variability and provides data to be used in the design loop of general aviation primary structural elements. The test results show a high level of repeatability indicating that the process is well controlled and reliable enough to match the airworthiness requirements. In addition, the so-called “as-built specimens”, i.e., specimens produced by the electron beam melting machine without any major post-processing, have lower mechanical performances than specimens subjected to a machining phase after the electron beam melting process. Specific primary structural elements will be designed and flight cleared, resulting from the findings presented herein.
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Muzindutsi, Paul-Francois. "Manufacturing Production and Non-Agricultural Employment rate in South Africa: Time Series Analysis". Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, n.º 10 (30 de octubre de 2014): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i10.537.
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South African is faced with a high unemployment rate; however, the country’s manufacturing sector is one of the sectors that have been linked with job creation. Nevertheless, the growth in manufacturing production may not increase employment opportunities if this sector continues to shift to technology-intensive methods of production, which displace labour. This study uses a vector autoregressive (VAR) model to estimate the interaction between manufacturing production and the employment rate in South Africa from 1970 to 2013. Results revealed that both variables were stationary at the first difference and there was a long-term equilibrium relationship between the variables. In the short term, a significant positive relationship between manufacturing production and employment rate was observed. Granger causality test showed that there is a causal link from manufacturing production to the employment rate. A comparison between apartheid and post-apartheid periods showed the long-run relationship only existed in the post-apartheid period of a more open economy. Findings of this study revealed that a growth in the South African manufacturing sector is linked with employment opportunities in the short-run. However, these opportunities may be reduced by changes in technology which promote capital intensive production. As such, policy-makers should encourage policies that promote a mix of labour and capital intensive production in order to maintain these employment opportunities in the manufacturing sector.
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Onakoya, Adegbemi Babatunde. "Macroeconomic Dynamics and the Manufacturing Output in Nigeria". Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 2018): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0024.
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AbstractThis paper examined the impact of the changes in the macroeconomic factors on the output of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria from 1981 to 2015. Preliminary evaluation of the data was conducted using both descriptive statistics and stationarity evaluation. The test indicated that not all the variables are normal. The occurrence of order integration at first level difference necessitated the deployment of the Johansen cointegration test. The findings revealed no short run association among manufacturing output and each of GDP, exchange rate, broad money supply and unemployment rate. Negative relationship existed amongst inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate, broad money supply on one hand, and manufacturing output. The inflation rate and interest rate, were statistically insignificant. However, significant and positive relationship existed between GDP of the previous year and unemployment on the one hand and manufacturing output on the other, at 5 percent level. The results showed that manufacturing was a veritable engine of economic growth. The post estimation tests showed presence of serial correlation but evidence of heteroscedasticity existed which, made the model inefficient, but its estimator is still unbiased. The study recommended the harmonization of both fiscal and monetary policies for the attainment of macroeconomic stability and avoidance of rapid policy summersaults.
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Mudriadi, Windi, Muhammad Yahya y Supriadi. "Effectiveness of Project-oriented Problem-based Learning (POPBL) in Manufacturing Product Design for Vocational Higher Education". Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 50, n.º 2 (20 de enero de 2024): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i21256.
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This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Problem-Oriented Project-Based Learning (POPBL) model in teaching manufacturing product design in vocational higher education at Makassar ATI Polytechnic. The research involved 15 students for a limited trial and 35 students for an extended trial. The study used questionnaires, pre-test and post-test cognitive tests, and parametric statistical tests to evaluate the effectiveness of the POPBL model. The results showed that the POPBL model was effective, with an average very agree response of 80% in the limited trial and 92% in the extended trial. The average posttest scores were 64.80 and 78.97 in the limited and extended trials, respectively, which were significantly higher than the pretest scores. The parametric statistical test using the t-test also showed that the POPBL model was effective in both the limited and extended trials. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the POPBL model is an effective approach to teaching manufacturing product design in vocational higher education.
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Gallardo, Daniel, Mercedes Concha, Lucía-Candela Díaz, Roberto Jiménez, Marta Torralba, José Antonio Albajez y José Antonio Yagüe-Fabra. "Surface Characterisation and Comparison of Polymeric Additive Manufacturing Features for an XCT Test Object". Key Engineering Materials 959 (6 de octubre de 2023): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-tn0lzd.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) has experimented a huge development in recent years, improving the physical properties of parts produced by these technologies to the level of being capable of fabricating end-use functional products. High performance metals are widely used and studied; however, the reduction in material costs of polymers and their acceptable properties makes them suitable for common AM purposes. The intrinsic surface roughness of AM, as a consequence of the layer-by-layer technology, remains a challenge and its characterisation is necessary for quality control. X-Ray computed tomography (XCT), as a newly adapted evaluation technology for industrial applications, sets an opportunity for the dimensional measurement of AM parts, due to its capability of characterising the complex geometries that is possible to create with this manufacturing technologies. In this paper, a first approach to a surface characterisation of polymeric AM parts is presented. Several individual objects have been designed and manufactured using various polymeric AM technologies with different manufacturing principles (FDM, Polyjet, SLS) to build ramps with a range of surface roughness created by two main parameters (angle of inclination and layer thickness). Measurements have been carried out by an optical device (focal variation microscope, FVM), and a comparison with theoretical roughness values calculated following predictive models has been made, with the objective of analysing the behaviour of each surface. Results show that the influence of the angle of inclination is higher than the influence of layer thickness; post-processing, also, affects to the trueness of the real roughness comparing to the predicted one obtaining more unpredictable results.
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Xi, Jiangjing, Yun Hu, Hui Xing, Yuanfei Han, Haiying Zhang, Jun Jiang y Kamran Nikbin. "The Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior, Failure Mechanism and Prediction of SLM Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Different Heat Treatment Methods". Materials 14, n.º 21 (21 de octubre de 2021): 6276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216276.
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Selective laser melting (SLM) is a promising additive manufacturing (AM) process for high-strength or high-manufacturing-cost metals such as Ti-6Al-4V widely applied in aeronautical industry components with high material waste or complex geometry. However, one of the main challenges of AM parts is the variability in fatigue properties. In this study, standard cyclic fatigue and monotonic tensile testing specimens were fabricated by SLM and subsequently heat treated using the standard heat treatment (HT) or hot isostatic pressing (HIP) methods. All the specimens were post-treated to relieve the residual stress and subsequently machined to the same surface finishing. These specimens were tested in the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) regime. The effects of post-process methods on the failure mechanisms were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) characterization methods. While the tensile test results showed that specimens with different post-process treatment methods have similar tensile strength, the LCF test revealed that no significant difference exists between HT and HIP specimens. Based on the results, critical factors influencing the LCF properties are discussed. Furthermore, a microstructure-based multistage fatigue model was employed to predict the LCF life. The results show good agreement with the experiment.
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Randhawa, Jugraj Singh y Inderpreet Singh Ahuja. "Empirical investigation of contributions of 5S practice for realizing improved competitive dimensions". International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 35, n.º 3 (5 de marzo de 2018): 779–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-09-2016-0163.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the capabilities of 5S program to meliorate the different competitive dimensions of manufacturing organizations and extracts the various significant factors which influence its successful implementation. Design/methodology/approach The paper involves empirical study of responses collected from various manufacturing organizations to investigate the inter-relationships between various 5S implementation success factors and competitive dimensions parameters through different statistical techniques. The study deploys Bonferroni post hoc test to establish the statistical significance of competitive dimensions improvements, progressively accrued over a reasonable period of time, through holistic 5S implementation. Findings The study validates the contributions of 5S program toward realization of significant improvements of various competitive dimensions such as overall organizational achievements, production achievements, quality and continuous improvement achievements, cost optimization achievements, employee-related achievements, effective workplace utilization and safety enhancement achievements accrued by Indian manufacturing organizations. Finally the discriminant validity test has been used in the study for classifying highly successful and moderately successful organizations. Originality/value The research aims to empirically test the relationships among various 5S implementation constructs and competitive dimensions parameters constructs in manufacturing organizations. The research work establishes that 5S initiatives have effectively contributed for realization of significant competitive dimensions, progressively from introduction to maturity phases. The research highlights the key significant implications for manufacturing managers.
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Aini, Septi Nurul, Astriana Rahmi Setiawati, Liska Mutiara Septiana, Winih Sekaringtyas Ramadhani y Dedy Prasetyo. "PENGOMPOSAN LIMBAH PERTANIAN IN SITU MENGGUNAKAN STARTER MIKROORGANISME LOKAL DI DESA BAWANG SAKTI JAYA, PROVINSI LAMPUNG". JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) 6, n.º 3 (24 de junio de 2022): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v6i3.7696.
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Abstrak: Kondisi lahan pertanian yang kurang produktif antara lain disebabkan oleh penggunaan pupuk kimia yang terus menerus. Kompos, yang dalam proses pembuatannya melibatkan mikroorganisme lokal (MOL) diyakini dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini yaitu untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kepada petani tentang pembuatan kompos dari limbah pertanian in situ dengan penambahan starter MOL. Kegiatan pelatihan ini ditujukan kepada petani di Desa Bawang Sakti Jaya. Kegiatan pelatihan meliputi ceramah, demonstrasi dan praktik pembuatan MOL dan kompos. Kegiatan berlangsung selama 6 bulan dan diakhir kegiatan diharapkan peserta pelatihan dapat membuat kompos tersebut. Salah satu indikator keberhasilan kegiatan pelatihan ini juga diukur dari peningkatan pengetahuan petani dilihat dari hasil pre-test dan post-test. Setelah melaksanakan kegiatan ini, pengetahuan petani terlihat sangat meningkat. Hal itu ditunjukkan dari peningkatan nilai post-test dibandingkan dengan pre-test dari 69% (pre-test) menjadi 95% (post-test). Hasil pre-test dan post-test ini menunjukkan bahwa setelah adanya pelatihan ini, pengetahuan petani meningkat sebesar 26%.Abstract: The continuous use of chemical fertilizers causes agricultural land to become less productive. Compost, which in the manufacturing process involves local microorganisms (MOL) is believed to be a solution to overcome these problems. The purpose of this activity was to provide knowledge and skills to farmers about making compost from agricultural waste in situ with the addition of MOL starter. This training activity was aimed at farmers in Bawang Sakti Jaya Village. The training activities include lectures, demonstrations and practice of making MOL and compost. The activity lasts for 6 months and at the end of the activity it is hoped that the training participants can make the compost. One indicator of the success of this training activity is also measured by the increase in farmer knowledge seen from the results of the pre-test and post-test. After carrying out this activity, the knowledge of farmers seems to have improved greatly. This is indicated by the increase in the post-test score compared to the pre-test from 69% (pre-test) to 95% (post-test). The results of the pre-test and post-test showed that after this training, farmers' knowledge increased by 26%.
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Suzaki, Naoko, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Eriko Nambu, Ryousuke Tanaka, Satoshi Imazato y Mikako Hayashi. "Fabricated CAD/CAM Post-Core Using Glass Fiber-Reinforced Resin Shows Innovative Potential in Restoring Pulpless Teeth". Materials 14, n.º 20 (19 de octubre de 2021): 6199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206199.
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The prevention of root fractures of pulpless teeth is an important clinical issue to maintain healthy teeth through lifetime. The aim of this study was to examine a clinically effective treatment method for strengthening vulnerable pulpless teeth using CAD/CAM (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing) fiber-reinforced post-core by conducting a fracture resistance test. A post-core made with a fiber-reinforced resin disk TRINIA (TR, SHOFU, Kyoto, Japan) was fabricated using a CAD/CAM system. The fiber-layer orientation of the CAD/CAM post-core was parallel to the axis of the restored tooth. A post-core using a conventional composite and a fiber post (CF) was also prepared. A fracture resistance test of teeth restored with the post-cores and zirconia crowns was conducted using a universal testing machine, and fracture patterns were identified by micro-CT observation. The fracture load of the roots restored with TR was 1555.9 ± 231.8 N, whereas that of CF was 1082.1 ± 226.7 N. The fracture load of TR was 43.8% that was significantly higher than that of CF (Student’s t-test, p < 0.05). The restored teeth with CAD/CAM resin post-core were found to be repairable even after fracture. These results suggest that the CAD/CAM indirect fiber post-core has the potential to strengthen the vulnerable pulpless teeth.
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Novita, Diana. "ANALISIS TINGKAT AKURASI MODEL ALTMAN Z-SCORE, INDEKS KEPAILITAN, DAN INDEKS IN05 SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR KEBANGKRUTAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2011-2015". Jurnal Ecogen 1, n.º 4 (21 de diciembre de 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jmpe.v1i1.4739.
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This study discusses the use of bankruptcy prediction model that does not exist applied in Indonesia and determine the accuracy of each model. The research objective is to analyze the differences in outcome prediction and know the model that has the best accuracy level between the model Altman Z-Score, Bankruptcy Index, and IN05 Index. This type of research is a comparative study, the population of all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011 to 2015. The sample is determined by purposive sampling method so acquired 28 companies, and the total sample is 140 years old company. Data used is secondary data obtained from the official website of Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id). The analytical method used is the analysis of different test-independent k-sample test, descriptive statistics and the accuracy of the model using post hoc test and the type of error. The results show that: 1) there are significant differences between the model of the Altman Z-Score model Insolvency Index, and models IN05 index on manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange. 2) The model has the best accuracy by post hoc test is a model of the Altman Z-Score and by type of error is the most accurate models are models IN05 index.Keywords: Altman Z-Score, Insolvency Index, IN05, Bankruptcy
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Khan, M. A. Salman, Mohammed Sohail Ahmed, Mohammed Abdul Munner y Mohammed Abdul Idris. "Investigation of Surface Roughness of WAAM Specimen Machined in Wire-Cut EDM". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, n.º 5 (31 de mayo de 2023): 4073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52582.
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Abstract: Incurrent times wire arc additive manufacturing is becoming popular and alternate to conventional machining because of its eco-friendly as wastages. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) develops the parts by depositing wire material one layer above other because it is based on old technology i.e., welding. It even has ability to generate complex parts. As WAAM requires post processing to obtain the better surface and accuracy of dimensions. To study about the post processing of WAAM specimen, in this work Wire cut EDM is used, which can machine complicated shapes with high accuracy for any conducting material without taking into account the hardness of the material. Selection of input parameters is the key for better surface finish in Wire EDM. Mechanical properties are used for testing of specimen are Tensile test, Compression test, and Izod test. In this study Pulse on time, Wire tension, Servo Voltage with three levels were considered as input parameter and Material removal, Surface roughness are considered as output responses. Response surface Methodology is used for designing the experiment. It is observed that wire tension plays vital role in surface finish, pulse on time is important in material removal but not in surface finish. Servo voltage predominant for surface roughness.
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D’Ovidio, Andrew J., Brian Knarr, Alexander J. Blanchard, Gregory W. Bennett, William Leiva, Bin Duan y Jorge M. Zuniga. "Characterization of Antimicrobial Poly(Lactic Acid)- and Polyurethane-Based Materials Enduring Closed-Loop Recycling with Applications in Space". Polymers 16, n.º 5 (25 de febrero de 2024): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16050626.
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Recent studies have shown that astronauts experience altered immune response behavior during spaceflight, resulting in heightened susceptibility to illness. Resources and resupply shuttles will become scarcer with longer duration spaceflight, limiting access to potentially necessary medical treatment and facilities. Thus, there is a need for preventative health countermeasures that can exploit in situ resource utilization technologies during spaceflight, such as additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing). The purpose of the current study was to test and validate recyclable antimicrobial materials compatible with additive manufacturing. Antimicrobial poly(lactic acid)- and polyurethane-based materials compatible with 3D printing were assessed for antimicrobial, mechanical, and chemical characteristics before and after one closed-loop recycling cycle. Our results show high biocidal efficacy (>90%) of both poly(lactic acid) and polyurethane materials while retaining efficacy post recycling, except for recycled-state polyurethane which dropped from 98.91% to 0% efficacy post 1-year accelerated aging. Significant differences in tensile and compression characteristics were observed post recycling, although no significant changes to functional chemical groups were found. Proof-of-concept medical devices developed show the potential for the on-demand manufacturing and recyclability of typically single-use medical devices using antimicrobial materials that could serve as preventative health countermeasures for immunocompromised populations, such as astronauts during spaceflight.
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Son, Hwang Jin, Young Tae Cho y Yoon Gyo Jung. "Development of Post Processor for Five-Axis Machine of Non-Orthogonal Head Tilting Type". Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (enero de 2013): 1304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1304.
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A five-axis machine can be developed with various mechanisms as it simply adds two axes to three coordinate axes. Therefore, five-axis machining utilizes post-processor for conversion to NC code, which the five-axis machine can read, with tool path CL data created by CAM depending on the mechanism of each device. This study introduces a post-processor program that tilts from axis B, of which the head is inclined at about 45 degrees, moves straight toward the X and Z axes, rotates the table from C, and then moves along axis Y. The post-processor mechanism was applied to the program after calculating the rotation angles and tilting angles using inverse kinematics and mapping the part coordinate system by machine coordinate system. Then, to evaluate the established post processor formula, it was verified twice. First, a tool path that was identical to that created by a commercial post-processor program, Post Works, was post-processed and comparably reviewed to, verify the performance of the proposed method. Secondly, a test specimen was manufactured by creating NC data from the developed post processor program. After manufacturing the test specimen, the compatibility was verified, suggesting the possibility to commercialize the five-axis machine and the post -processor program.
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Illing, Cyprian, Michael Bestic y Frank Ernst. "Additive Manufacturing: Corrosion Proofing by Infusion of Interstitial Solute—Exemplified for Alloy 22". Metals 13, n.º 1 (8 de enero de 2023): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010127.
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The corrosion resistance of Cr-containing alloy parts made by additive manufacturing can be significantly improved by a post-treatment of gas-phase-based infusion of concentrated interstitial solute (carbon and nitrogen). We demonstrate this universal approach for the example of low-temperature nitrocarburization by solid-reagent pyrolysis applied to Alloy 22 (UNS N06022) parts made by laser powderbed fusion. We show that the post-treatment improves the crevice-corrosion resistance of these parts, as well as the corrosion resistance of corresponding parts made from wrought Alloy 22 to surpass the maximum crevice corrosion test temperature specified in ASTM G48-D, whereas non-treated samples typically fail well below. Similarly, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization testing (ASTM G61-86) demonstrates that the post-treatment makes the additively manufactured alloy and the wrought alloy more corrosion-resistant than the non-treated wrought alloy.
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Thorhallsson, Andri Isak, Francesco Fanicchia, Emily Davison, Shiladitya Paul, Svava Davidsdottir y Dagur Ingi Olafsson. "Erosion and Corrosion Resistance Performance of Laser Metal Deposited High-Entropy Alloy Coatings at Hellisheidi Geothermal Site". Materials 14, n.º 11 (4 de junio de 2021): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14113071.
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Geothermal process equipment and accessories are usually manufactured from low-alloy steels which offer affordability but increase the susceptibility of the materials to corrosion. Applying erosion-corrosion-resistant coatings to these components could represent an economical solution to the problem. In this work, testing of two newly developed laser metal deposited high-entropy alloy (LMD-HEA) coatings—CoCrFeNiMo0.85 and Al0.5CoCrFeNi, applied to carbon and stainless steels—was carried out at the Hellisheidi geothermal power plant. Tests in three different geothermal environments were performed at the Hellisheidi site: wellhead test at 194 °C and 14 bar, erosion test at 198 °C and 15 bar, and aerated test at 90 °C and 1 bar. Post-test microstructural characterization was performed via Scanning Eletron Microscope (SEM), Back-Scattered Electrons analysis (BSE), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscopy, and optical profilometry while erosion assessment was carried out using an image and chemical analysis. Both the CoCrFeNiMo0.85 and Al0.5CoCrFeNi coatings showed manufacturing defects (cracks) and were prone to corrosion damage. Results show that damage in the CoCrFeNiMo0.85-coated carbon steel can be induced by manufacturing defects in the coating. This was further confirmed by the excellent corrosion resistance performance of the CoCrFeNiMo0.85 coating deposited onto stainless steel, where no manufacturing cracks were observed.
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Sinn, Thomas y Ron Barrett. "Design, Manufacturing and Test of a High Lift Secondary Flight Control Surface with Shape Memory Alloy Post-Buckled Precompressed Actuators". Actuators 4, n.º 3 (28 de julio de 2015): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act4030156.
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Wagh, Sagar D. "Implementation of Manufacturing Execution System (MES) to Increase Productivity and Competitiveness in the Manufacturing Sector". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2024): 3703–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60682.
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Abstract: Industry 4.0's underlying digital technologies are already essential in helping manufacturing businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to adapt to the dynamics of the new normal. Manufacturing execution system (MES) serves as the factory information hub and is made possible by internet of things (IoT) ready devices that generate data and cyber physical systems that control the interconnection between equipment and computational assets for industries to achieve sustained competitiveness and address post- pandemic market volatility by utilizing real-time information. This paper focuses on the implementation for MES with the help of three case studies. Three case studies were used to empirically test the theories put out on MES to provide an overview of "How MES is efficient in loss reduction” through findings from cross-case synthesis of the data that was gathered.
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Andriani, Claudy, Wahyu Caesarendra, Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo, Tomi Wijaya y Bobby K. Pappachan. "Modal Analysis of Replica Boss Hole During the Deburring Process in Aerospace Manufacturing Industry". MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 02035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815902035.
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The monitoring of surface finishing processes in aerospace manufacturing industry becomes one of key issues to maintain the overall quality of product or part. To date, the surface quality monitoring post machining processes such as deburring, use visual inspection, surface roughness test or laser gap gun. The whole manufacturing process then requires a considerable amount of time as the production line must be halted due to these measurements taking place. This study presents an online monitoring system to measure the chamfer quality of replica boss hole post-deburring process. Vibration signal was measured during the deburring process and the features that correlate to the deburring stages (passes) were extracted. This paper focuses on the validation of actual vibration signal with the modal analysis of work coupon (replica boss hole) to obtain the correlation between the vibration amplitude level on particular region and the mode shape of work coupon during the deburring process.
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Ekabiakto, Son y BambangMulyana. "FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND CORPORATE VALUE POST MERGER AND ACQUISITION (STUDY ON MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY ISSUER IN INDONESIA)". International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, n.º 11 (23 de marzo de 2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i11.2018.314.
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This study was aimed to analyze company financial performance before and after merger or acquisition. Financial performance was measured using Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Total Assets Turnover (TATO), Inventory Turnover (ITO), Operating Profit Margin (OPM), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), while corporate value was measured using Price to Book Value (PBV). This study was limited to manufacturing industry issuers which had merged and acquisited between 2003 and 2011. Sample was collected using purposive sampling method and there were 11 companies. Data analysis was statistic parametric analysis using paired sample t-test. Study result found that CR, DER, TATO, ITO, OPM, ROA, ROE, and PBV after merger and acquisition was better than before merger and acquisition, even ROA and ROE showed significant improvement.
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Zhu, Lingjun, Arjun Chaudhuri, Sanmitra Banerjee, Gauthaman Murali, Pruek Vanna-Iampikul, Krishnendu Chakrabarty y Sung Kyu Lim. "Design Automation and Test Solutions for Monolithic 3D ICs". ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 18, n.º 1 (31 de enero de 2022): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3473462.
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Monolithic 3D (M3D) is an emerging heterogeneous integration technology that overcomes the limitations of the conventional through-silicon-via (TSV) and provides significant performance uplift and power reduction. However, the ultra-dense 3D interconnects impose significant challenges during physical design on how to best utilize them. Besides, the unique low-temperature fabrication process of M3D requires dedicated design-for-test mechanisms to verify the reliability of the chip. In this article, we provide an in-depth analysis on these design and test challenges in M3D. We also provide a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art solutions presented in the literature. This article encompasses all key steps on M3D physical design, including partitioning, placement, clock routing, and thermal analysis and optimization. In addition, we provide an in-depth analysis of various fault mechanisms, including M3D manufacturing defects, delay faults, and MIV (monolithic inter-tier via) faults. Our design-for-test solutions include test pattern generation for pre/post-bond testing, built-in-self-test, and test access architectures targeting M3D.
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Song, Changhui, Yongqiang Yang, Yunda Wang, Jia-kuo Yu y Di Wang. "Personalized femoral component design and its direct manufacturing by selective laser melting". Rapid Prototyping Journal 22, n.º 2 (21 de marzo de 2016): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-02-2014-0020.
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Purpose This paper aims to achieve rapid design and manufacturing of personalized total knee femoral component. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of a patient’s bone model, a matching personalized knee femoral component was rapidly designed with the help of computer-aided design method, then manufactured directly and rapidly by selective laser melting (SLM). Considered SLM as manufacturing technology, CoCrMo-alloyed powder that meets ASTM F75 standard is made of femoral component under optimal processing parameters. The feasibility of SLM forming through conducting experimental test of mechanical properties, surface roughness, biological corrosion resistance was analyzed. Findings The result showed that the tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and biological corrosion resistance of CoCrMo-alloyed personalized femoral component fulfill knee joint prosthesis standard through post-processing. Originality/value Traditional standardized prosthesis implantation manufacturing approach was changed by computer-aided design and personalized SLM direct manufacturing, and provided a new way for personalized implanted prosthesis to response manufacturing rapidly.
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Yang, Fan. "Effect of Thermal-Mechanical Treatment on Texture and Properties of Cold-Drawn Steel Wire". Advanced Materials Research 629 (diciembre de 2012): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.192.
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Thermal–mechanical treatment is widely utilized by steelmakers to optimize the properties of high–strength cold drawing eutectoid steel wires. This paper presents the influence of industrial thermal–mechanical treatment utilized in practical manufacturing on microstructure and mechanical properties of drawn pearlitic steels. After post thermal–mechanical processing, drawn pearlitic steel features lower residual stress and improved yield/ultimate tensile strengths, and exhibits a more perfect fiber texture characteristic. Nevertheless, the torsion test of treated steel wire demonstrates that delamination occurs during torsional deformation, which implicates that the studied thermal–mechanical treatment is whereas not the optimum process for manufacturing the high–performance steel wires. The sequential TEM observation shows the remarkable different structure of pearlite lamellae in drawn and treated wires. The local stress concentration resulting from the separately granular cementite precipitation may attribute to the delamination of steel wire after post drawing.
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Puji Adila, Aninda y Raudhatul Hidayah. "Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Sebelum dan Sesudah Adopsi Tata Kelola Teknologi Informasi (Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur dan Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di BEI)". Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 8, n.º 7 (21 de julio de 2023): 5223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v8i7.13107.
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The objective of this study is to test and to prove whether companies that have adopted information technology (IT) governance mechanisms have improved their financial performance, by measuring profitability, productivity and market value pre and post adoption. Manufacturing and mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange are the population of the research by using event study methodology. Researcher employs secondary data in the form of corporate annual reports that gotten by firm's official website. The SPSS 26 application used to process the data by testing hypotheses through descriptive statistics, normality tests and paired sample t-test. According to the study's findings, there were no appreciable changes between the financial performance of mining and manufacturing companies before and after adopting IT governance. Two of the eight indicators—asset turnover and share repurchase—have a considerable divergence from one another.
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Edeh, Lawrence S. y Kingsley Sunday Oyekezie. "Corporate Governance Standard and Financial Performance of Nigerian Health Care Manufacturing Companies". Journal of Accounting and Financial Management 9, n.º 3 (13 de septiembre de 2023): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/jafm.v9.no3.2023.pg161.170.
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This study examined the extent at which corporate governance standard affects financial performance on health care manufacturing companies in Nigeria from 2012 to 2021. Ex Post Facto research design was adopted for the study. Six health care manufacturing companies were selected for the study. Data were extracted from annual reports and accounts of the sampled health care companies and regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The results show that shareholders relationship has significant effect on return on equity of health care manufacturing companies in Nigeria while remuneration has no significant effect on return on equity of health care manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that the company’s management should consider a judicious and reasonable reimbursement level of board’s members to attract a realistic relation between shareholders and company’s management, hence, enhance firm’s financial performance in the intensification of shareholders’ value
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Shaik, Yousuf Pasha, Jens Schuster, Aarif Shaik, Mustafa Mohammed y Harshavardhan Reddy Katherapalli. "Effect of Autoclave Pressure and Temperature on Consolidation of Layers and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured (FDM) Products with PLA". Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, n.º 4 (27 de octubre de 2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5040114.
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In additive manufacturing technologies, fused deposition modelling (FDM) is continuing its advancement from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing. However, effective usage of FDM is not performed due to the poor mechanical properties of the 3D-printed components. This drawback restricts their usage in many applications. Much research, such as reinforcing 3D-printed parts with fibers, changing printing parameters (infill density, infill concentration, extrusion temperature, nozzle diameter, layer thickness, raster angle, etc.) are aimed to increase the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts. This research paper aims to investigate the effect of pressure and temperature on the mechanical properties and consolidation of layers of 3D-printed PLA (Polylactic Acid). Post-treatment was done using a customized autoclave. Autoclave has the capability to maintain 185 °C and 135 bar pressure. Three-dimensional-printed specimens were manufactured using the FDM process with two patterns. Later, the specimens were subjected to various post-treatment processes, then followed with testing and analysis of mechanical properties. Post-treatment process carried out by placing them in an autoclave at certain pressure and temperature conditions. To investigate the repeatability and tolerances, the test series includes a minimum of four to six test specimens. The results indicate that the concentric pattern yields the most desirable tensile, impact, and flexural strength due to the alignment of deposited rasters and better consolidation of layers with the loading direction. The pressure and temperature of the autoclave has a positive effect on the PLA samples, which helped them to reorganize the structure, hence strength properties were enhanced. The test results also compared with injection-molded samples for better understating.
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Nsengimana, Joseph, Jacobus Van der Walt, Eujin Pei y Maruf Miah. "Effect of post-processing on the dimensional accuracy of small plastic additive manufactured parts". Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, n.º 1 (7 de enero de 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2016-0153.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of post-processing techniques on dimensional accuracy of laser sintering (LS) of Nylon and Alumide® and fused deposition modelling (FDM) of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) materials. Design/methodology/approach Additive manufacturing (AM) of test pieces using LS of Nylon and Alumide® powders, as well as the FDM of ABS materials, were first conducted. Next, post-processing of the test pieces involved tumbling, shot peening, hand finishing, spray painting, CNC machining and chemical treatment. Touch probe scanning of the test pieces was undertaken to assess the dimensional deviation, followed by statistical analysis using Chi-square and Z-tests. Findings The deviation ranges of the original built parts with those being subjected to tumbling, shot peening, hand finishing, spray painting, CNC machining or chemical treatment were found to be different. Despite the rounding of sharp corners and the removal of small protrusions, the dimensional accuracy of relatively wide surfaces of Nylon or Alumide® test pieces were not significantly affected by the tumbling or shot peening processes. The immersion of ABS test pieces into an acetone bath produced excellent dimensional accuracy. Research limitations/implications Only Nylon PA2200 and Alumide® processed through LS and ABS P400 processed through FDM were investigated. Future work could also examine other materials and using parts produced with other AM processes. Practical implications The service bureaus that produce prototypes and end-use functional parts through AM will be able to apply the findings of this investigation. Originality/value This research has outlined the differences of post-processing techniques such as tumbling, shot peening, hand finishing, spray painting, CNC machining and chemical treatment. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of those methods and suggests that the immersion of ABS test pieces into an acetone bath produced excellent dimensional accuracy.
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Anwar, Sadaf, Shveta Singh y P. K. Jain. "Impact of Cash Dividend Announcements: Evidence from the Indian Manufacturing Companies". Journal of Emerging Market Finance 16, n.º 1 (7 de marzo de 2017): 29–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972652716686238.
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According to a recent survey by McKinsey and Company, the Indian manufacturing sector is expected to touch US$ 1 trillion by 2025.This study analyses the impact of the announcement of cash dividends on the stock price returns of the manufacturing companies listed on Bombay Stock Exchange using event study methodology. Further, it explores whether the US financial crisis recession impacted average abnormal returns (AARs) in the period of study. The empirical results show that cash dividend announcements have positive AARs. Overall, the results lend support to the signalling and informational content hypotheses of dividends. The paired samples t-test indicates a significant difference in the mean values of AARs in the pre-and post-recession phases, highlighting the impact of recession.
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Jo, A.-Ra, Ji-Seob An, Sun-Hyung Kim, Myeong-Sik Jeong, Young-Hoon Moon y Sun-Kwang Hwang. "Novel Tensile Test Jig and Mechanical Properties of WC-Co Synthesized by SHIP and HIP Process". Metals 11, n.º 6 (28 de mayo de 2021): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060884.
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Tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) alloys have various mechanical properties according to their Co content and manufacturing method. High-strength materials such as WC-Co alloys are usually manufactured using various sintering methods. In this study, WC-Co was compared according to the Co content and manufacturing method using the sinter-hot isostatic pressing process. Furthermore, an additional test was performed to investigate the effect of post-hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment on the mechanical properties. To compare tensile strength, threaded end and shoulder end specimens are generally applied in axial tensile testing with hard metals. However, it is extremely difficult to shape WC-Co by machining. A tensile testing jig for a shoulder end specimen is, therefore, proposed. Tensile tests were conducted using the proposed jig, and microstructure, hardness, and impact tests were carried out to compare the mechanical properties. The microstructure evolution was obtained by decreasing the Co content and applying the HIP treatment, resulting in changes in Young’s modulus and strength. The results indicated that the proposed jig of the axial tensile test could be applied to the extremely hard WC-Co, and the mechanical properties of WC-Co could be modified by the Co content and HIP treatment control.
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Ureczki, Ágnes y Kitti Keszei. "Prospects in innovative manufacturing technology of UHMWPE for prostheses and comparison with medical grade UHMWPE". Biomechanica Hungarica 12, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2019): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17489/biohun/2019/1/04.
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Due to its properties like high load-bearing capacity, biocompatibility, excellent abrasion resistance and strength, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is widely used as a bearing material in the field of joint prostheses. Currently, UHMWPE is produced by compression molding, ram extrusion or sintering, followed by post-processing techniques, such as milling or machining to finalize the prosthesis geometry and to achieve the final tolerances. With post-processing techniques we are wasting a high cost material, energy and time. In this paper, we collected manufacturing technologies that has have the potential to be used for creating prosthesis with one step production, minimalize material loss and with a view to providing customized manufacturing capabilities. We compared three technologies: (i) ram extrusion (currently used technology for joint prosthesis), (ii) FDM printing and (iii) injection molding. In addition to the feasibility, we focus on the investigation of mechanical properties. Three tests were performed on the manufactured specimens: hardness measurement, tensile test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to compare the finished parts produced by the different processing technologies.
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Damayanti, Ratih, Indah Lutfiya y Ratnaningtyas Wahyu Kusuma Wardani. "EFFORTS TO INCREASING WORKER’S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT OBESITY IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR". Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 7, n.º 3 (7 de septiembre de 2023): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v7i3.2023.361-368.
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Obesity is a health problem that can be experienced by workers in various sectors, especially in the manufacturing sector. The aims of this activity is to improve workers' knowledge level about obesity in manufacturing workers at PT XYZ. The method of this activity is a lecture and question & answer session which are evaluated using pre and post test questionnaires to determine the enhancement in workers' knowledge before and after counseling. Activities are divided into 3 stages, namely preparation, implementation and evaluation. This community service activity went well and effectively because there was a significant increase in knowledge before and after counseling (p-value = 0,000). The company was recommended to make a weight loss program after this community service activity, namely in the form of regular exercise with the workers.
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Ennion, Liezel, Anton Johannesson y Anthea Rhoda. "The use of a direct manufacturing prosthetic socket system in a rural community in South Africa: A pilot study and lessons for future research". Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, n.º 5 (20 de enero de 2017): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364616683982.
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Background: Challenges exist with the provision of appropriate mobility assistive devices in rural areas. The use of the direct manufacturing prosthetic socket system is a possible solution to these challenges. Objectives: The objective of this study was to test and explore the clients’ perspectives with the application of this device. Study design: Within a mixed-methods approach, a longitudinal sequential explanatory design was applied. Methods: The Orthotic and Prosthetic User’s Survey was administered to explore the use of the direct manufacturing prosthetic socket system in terms of function, health-related quality of life and client satisfaction. A conveniently selected sample of 21 individuals who suffered a unilateral trans-tibial amputation was included. Data were collected at 1, 3 and 6 months post fitting, and two focus group discussions were also administered. Results: Of the 21 participants recruited, 11 returned for follow up. Although participants reported favourably about the prosthesis, their scores were generally worse than the norms with regard to function and quality of life. Participants highlighted the need for improvement in the cosmetic appearance of the prosthesis. Conclusion: The direct manufacturing prosthetic socket system could be considered as an alternative technique of socket manufacturing for individuals living in rural areas due to the shorter manufacture time and promising initial results, but further research on this topic with a bigger sample is recommended. Clinical relevance The direct manufacturing prosthetic socket system may be considered as an alternative to the traditional prosthetic socket manufacturing technique used in South Africa. As this device requires only one visit and therefore decreased travel by the patients to the hospitals, it could be applicable to more amputees who cannot return to hospital post discharge.
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Al-Somali, Sabah Abdullah, Raneem Rashad Saqr, Arwa Mohammed Asiri y Najat Abdullah Al-Somali. "Organizational Cybersecurity Systems and Sustainable Business Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Saudi Arabia: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Cybersecurity Resilience and Organizational Culture". Sustainability 16, n.º 5 (25 de febrero de 2024): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16051880.
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Cybersecurity challenges in Saudi Arabia’s service and manufacturing sectors are escalating due to increased digital adoption, highlighting the need for robust security measures and awareness in SMEs. Therefore, this research is significant due to the increasing reliance on digital technologies and the unique cybersecurity challenges faced by SMEs in these vital economic sectors. With rapid technological advancements, IT capabilities and cybersecurity have become paramount, particularly in the post-COVID-19 era. The service and manufacturing sectors in Saudi Arabia have seen significant shifts towards digital operations. This study aimed to explore the impact of organizational cybersecurity systems on organizational resilience and sustainable business performance in Saudi Arabia’s service and manufacturing sectors, examining the mediating and moderating effects of organizational resilience and culture. A quantitative research method was employed, combining a thorough literature review with empirical data from a sample of 394 respondents in Saudi Arabia, split evenly between the service and manufacturing sectors. Smart PLS 3.3.3 was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings suggested a positive effect of the factors of organizational cybersecurity systems on organizational resilience. Organizational cybersecurity systems also significantly influenced sustainable business performance; however, organizational resilience and culture did not play mediating and moderating roles. This study is one of the first to offer a nuanced analysis of IT capabilities and cybersecurity within Saudi Arabia’s service and manufacturing sectors, especially in a post-COVID-19 context. The insights gleaned contribute to the academic discourse and have pivotal managerial implications for organizations navigating the digital era in Saudi Arabia.
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Mizugaki, Yoshio. "Special Issue on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 6, n.º 6 (20 de diciembre de 1994): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1994.p0441.
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Production engineering and manufacturing industries face difficulties in developing a new paradigm to cope with the post mass-production era. Consumers' preferences change very quickly and vary over a wide range of taste. A product's life cycle becomes shorter than shorter. Thus, rapid prototyping techniques have been requested, and some new concepts on manufacturing have been presented including Flexible Manufacturing System, Factory (or Flexible) Automation, Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, and Concurrent Engineering. After the termination of the cold war, many regional economies combined through international trade and dynamically evolved into global economies. Such change had significant effects on manufacturing industries and consequently on production engineering. As a new paradigm in the post mass-production era, the creation of manufacturing culture has been advocated by Prof. Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, President of University of Tokyo. It contains not only the movement towards standardization of conventional manufacturing knowledge but also the development of a global manufacturing system with use of computerization. At his advocation, the international research project of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) was initiated. This bimonthly journal is a special issue on the IMS project and similar topics widely covering intelligent manufacturing systems. The former part of the contents is the description of the IMS project. It consists of the commentary articles quoted from the IMS news and the latest reports of IMS international test cases. The Japan IMS center publishes the IMS news and strongly supports the IMS project itself with collaboration of Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan (MITI). The authors of these reports are primarily enrolled in the actual responsibility to promote their projects and newly write the articles for this journal. I would like to thank the IMS center and each author for their contributions to this special issue on the IMS project. The latter part of the contents consists of the articles on the STandard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP) and some technical papers on manufacturing. A conference report on the 2nd Japan-France Congress on Mechatronics is also provided in this issue. I would like to thank all contributors for their cooperation in creating this special issue. As can be easily seen, this issue focused on the forthcoming advancement on production engineering and manufacturing through the movement of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems. As the editor of this special issue on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, I hope that the readers pay attention to this new movement and become involved in the near future.
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Rodriguez, Jon, Aitor Zuriarrain, Aitor Madariaga, Pedro J. Arrazola, Erika Dominguez, Itziar Fraile y Daniel Soler. "Mechanical Properties and Fatigue Performance of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Manufactured by Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing Technology". Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, n.º 5 (26 de septiembre de 2023): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7050172.
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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is gaining importance as an alternative and complementary technology to conventional manufacturing processes. Among AM technologies, the Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM) technology is a novel extrusion-based process involving metallic filaments. In this work, the widely used 17-4 PH stainless steel filament was selected to study the effect of different deposition strategies of ADAM technology on mechanical properties. The printed parts had mechanical properties comparable to those obtained by other more developed AM technologies. In the case of tensile and fatigue tests, obtained values were in general greatly affected by deposition strategy, achieving better results in horizontal built orientation specimens. Interestingly, the effect was also considered of machining post-process (turning), which in the case of the tensile test had no remarkable effect, while in fatigue tests it led to an improvement in fatigue life of two to four times in the tested range of stresses.
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OKUNEYE, Babatunde y Peter OLUWO. "Crude Oil Price Fluctuations and Manufacturing Sector Performance in Nigeria (1981 - 2019)". Izvestiya Journal of the University of Economics – Varna 67, n.º 2 (29 de junio de 2023): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56065/ijuev2023.67.2.139.
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Nigeria’s high import of manufactured products and the weak export of processed goods are indications of the palpable weakness of the sector. The paper examines the response of manufacturing performances to crude oil price fluctuations in Nigeria and considered annual data in Nigeria from 1981 to 2019. The paper evaluates fluctuation in crude oil price in relation to manufacturing sector performance in Nigeria. Hence, the need to find solution to the crude oil price fluctuations becomes inevitable. The data set was estimated using dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) as the series is a mixture of me (0) and me (1). However, ex post facto research design was employed to realize the first objective. Phillips Perron and Bounds test were carried out to evaluate the F-statistic against the critical values. The results show that physical investment had negative value (-0.0466) and was significant at (1%) on manufacturing performance; also oil price fluctuations had negative value (-0.1399). Therefore, policy makers need to engage the Governments to create enabling environment and regulate the distortions in the crude oil price for manufacturing sector.
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Kretzschmar, Niklas, Sergei Chekurov, Mika Salmi y Jukka Tuomi. "Evaluating the Readiness Level of Additively Manufactured Digital Spare Parts: An Industrial Perspective". Applied Sciences 8, n.º 10 (7 de octubre de 2018): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101837.
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Additive manufacturing of digital spare parts offers promising new possibilities for companies to drastically shorten lead times and to omit storage costs. However, the concept of digital spare parts has not yet gained much footing in the manufacturing industry. This study aims to identify grounds for its selective rejection. Conducted from a corporate perspective, outlining a holistic supply chain network structure to visualize different digital spare part distribution scenarios, this survey study evaluates technical and economic additive manufacturing capabilities. Results are analyzed and discussed further by applying the Mann-Whitney test to examine the influence of the company size and the presence of 3D-printed end-use components within supply networks on gathered data. Machines’ limited build chamber volumes and the necessity of post-processing are considered as the main technical challenges of current additive manufacturing processes. Furthermore, it can be concluded that company sizes have a significant effect on perceived technological limitations. Overall, the results lead to the conclusion that the readiness level of the digital spare parts concept demands for further development.
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Lee, Chih-Kuo, Jack McGhee, Christos Tsipogiannis, Shiyu Zhang, Darren Cadman, Athanasios Goulas, Tom Whittaker et al. "Evaluation of Microwave Characterization Methods for Additively Manufactured Materials". Designs 3, n.º 4 (25 de septiembre de 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs3040047.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) has become more important and common in recent years. Advantages of AM include the ability to rapidly design and fabricate samples much faster than traditional manufacturing processes and to create complex internal geometries. Materials are crucial components of microwave systems and proper and accurate measurement of their dielectric properties is important to aid a high level of accuracy in design. There are numerous measurement techniques and finding the most appropriate method is important and requires consideration of all different factors and limitations. One limitation of sample preparation is that the sample size needs to fit in the measurement method. By utilizing the advantage of additive manufacturing, the material can be characterized using different measurement methods. In this paper, the additive manufacturing process and dielectric measurement methods have been critically reviewed. The test specimens for measuring dielectric properties were fabricated using fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based additive manufacturing and were measured using four different commercial dielectric properties measurement instruments including split post dielectric resonator (SPDR), rectangular waveguide, TE01δ cavity resonator, and open resonator. The measured results from the four techniques have been compared and have shown reasonable agreement with measurements within a 10 percent range.
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Anthony Onyeka, Anyadufu y Jerry Chukwuebuka Orajekwe. "Web Based Environmental Disclosure and Firm Value: Empirical Evidence on Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria". IIARD International Journal of Economics and Business Management 9, n.º 2 (9 de febrero de 2024): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijebm.v9.no2.2023.pg12.25.
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The relationship between web based environmental disclosure and value of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria was empirically examined. To determine the relationship between web based environmental disclosure (WED) and firm value, web based environment disclosure was measured using a dichotomous procedure adopted from GRI while firm value on the hand was proxy using price to book value (PBV). The study adopted Ex Post Facto Design and data were collected from the annual reports and accounts of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria for the period ended; 2014-2021. The study used panel least square model as a statistical test tool. The findings of the study show that web based environmental disclosure (WED) has significant and positive effect on value (PBV) of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria at 1% significant level. Thus, the study concludes that web based environmental disclosure ensures firms’ value in Nigeria. Based on this, the study recommended that corporate environmental resource recycling cost should be decreased for better environmental protection which ensures firms value.
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Pasco, Corentin, Muhammad Khan, Jaipal Gupta y Kenneth Kendall. "Experimental investigation on interply friction properties of thermoset prepreg systems". Journal of Composite Materials 53, n.º 2 (9 de junio de 2018): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318781706.
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A comprehensive novel investigation into the characterisation of interply friction behaviour of thermoset prepregs for high-volume manufacturing was conducted. High interply slipping rate and normal pressure typically used for high-volume manufacturing present challenges when preforming carbon fibre reinforced plastics. The study involved multiple reinforcement architectures (woven and unidirectional with the same rapid-cure resin system) which were characterised using a bespoke interply friction test rig used to simulate processing conditions representative to press forming and double diaphragm forming. Under prescribed conditions, woven and unidirectional prepregs exhibit significantly different frictional behaviour. Results demonstrated the unidirectional material obeys a hydrodynamic lubrication mode. For the woven material, a rate-dependent friction behaviour was found at low normal pressure. At higher normal pressure however, the woven material exhibited a friction behaviour similar to that of a dry reinforcement and significant tow displacement was observed. Post-characterisation analysis of test-specimens showed significant resin migration towards the outer edges of the plies, leaving a relatively resin-starved contact interface. The findings generate new knowledge on interply friction properties of thermoset prepreg for high-volume manufacturing applications, yet reveal a lack of understanding of the influence of tow tensions as well as the pre-impregnation level for a range of processing conditions.
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Heidler, Nils, Henrik von Lukowicz, Enrico Hilpert, Stefan Risse, Lucas Alber, Jan Klement, Frank Heine, Ralf Bölter y Josep Maria Perdigues Armengol. "Topology optimization and additive manufacturing of an optical housing for space applications". EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921501005.
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The design of an optical housing for laser telecommunication in space is improved by topology optimization. Different mechanical and thermal boundary conditions are considered while minimizing the overall weight of the housing. As a proof-of-concept study, a complex and lightweight housing is made by additive manufacturing with the aluminium silicon alloy AlSi40. Post processing steps include a thermal treatment, cleaning and a mechanical machining process. Final characterization tests include the evaluation of material characteristics by tensile tests, a computed tomography scan and a CMM measurement. The final shock and vibrational test is used to proof the performance of the housing for future space applications.
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Hafiz Zani, M., Halim Isa, S. M. Muhammad Syafiq, O. Rawaida, Z. Nuradilah y Ros Ahmad Fatihah. "The Effects of Roller Conveyor on Muscle Activity in Workpiece Loading on CNC Machining Centre: A Preliminary Study". Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (mayo de 2015): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.673.
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In the recent years, Advance Manufacturing Technology (AMT) has been widely used in manufacturing industry to increase manufacturing process capability. However, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine designs have only focused on its operational capability. The harmonious coordination between users and CNC machines is often neglected, which can contribute to hazardous working practices that can affect the health of users. Bending posture while loading the work piece to the machine can cause fatigue and discomfort to the users. Thus, the focus of this preliminary study is to analyse the effect of CNC machine work piece loading on muscle activity levels and to determine the effectiveness of roller conveyor in reducing muscle activity levels. Muscle activity has been analysed using surface electromyography (sEMG) technique. Erector spinae, biceps and trapezius muscles were concurrently measured during the work piece loading. Five male subjects (n=5) participated in the pre-intervention study and two subjects (n=2) in the post-intervention study (roller conveyor implementation) participated to test the effectiveness of the roller conveyor. Result pre-intervention study found that muscle activity level of biceps was the highest followed by trapezius and erector spinae. Based on the post-intervention study involving the roller conveyor, muscle activity of the erector spinae was reduced meanwhile the muscle activity of biceps and trapezius increased for both subjects.
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Cuesta, Isidoro Iván, Emilio Martínez-Pañeda, Andrés Díaz y Jesús Manuel Alegre. "Cold Isostatic Pressing to Improve the Mechanical Performance of Additively Manufactured Metallic Components". Materials 12, n.º 15 (6 de agosto de 2019): 2495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152495.
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Additive manufacturing is becoming a technique with great prospects for the production of components with new designs or shapes that are difficult to obtain by conventional manufacturing methods. One of the most promising techniques for printing metallic components is binder jetting, due to its time efficiency and its ability to generate complex parts. In this process, a liquid binding agent is selectively deposited to adhere the powder particles of the printing material. Once the metallic piece is generated, it undergoes a subsequent process of curing and sintering to increase its density (hot isostatic pressing). In this work, we propose subjecting the manufactured component to an additional post-processing treatment involving the application of a high hydrostatic pressure (5000 bar) at room temperature. This post-processing technique, so-called cold isostatic pressing (CIP), is shown to increase the yield load and the maximum carrying capacity of an additively manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel. The mechanical properties, with and without CIP processing, are estimated by means of the small punch test, a suitable experimental technique to assess the mechanical response of small samples. In addition, we investigate the porosity and microstructure of the material according to the orientations of layer deposition during the manufacturing process. Our observations reveal a homogeneous distribution independent of these orientations, evidencing thus an isotropic behaviour of the material.
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Alqarni, Hatem, Abdulaziz A. AlHelal, Rami Jekki, Mathew T. Kattadiyil, Mohammed E. Sayed, Saurabh Jain, Seyed Aliakbar Vahdati y Salem Dehom. "In Vitro Study Comparing Retention of Custom Post and Cores Fabricated Using Conventional, CAD/CAM Milling and 3D-Printing Techniques". Applied Sciences 12, n.º 23 (22 de noviembre de 2022): 11896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122311896.
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This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the retention of custom-cast non-precious post and cores (CCNPPCs) (control group), custom-milled titanium post and cores (CMTPCs), custom-printed titanium post and cores (CPTPCs), and custom-milled zirconia post and cores (CMZPCs), and to evaluate their mode of failure. The tested null hypothesis was that there were no differences in the retention of the various custom post and cores tested. A total of 80 post-and-core patterns were made using pattern resin and were divided into four groups: Group 1—fabricated via conventional casting using a non-precious casting alloy; Group 2—fabricated using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) subtractive technique using titanium; Group 3—fabricated using a CAD/CAM additive (3D printing) technique using titanium; and Group 4—fabricated using a CAD/CAM subtractive technique using zirconia. The post and cores were cemented with resin cement and a universal pull-out test was used to check the retention. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA tests, post hoc tests, and Tukey’s adjustment for multiple comparisons. The pull-out test revealed higher retention values for CPTPCs and CMTPCs. When compared with CMZPCs, the conventional CCNPPCs revealed significantly better retention values (p < 0.05). Cohesive failure was observed in Groups 1, 2, and 4. However, Group 3 revealed a mixed type of failure. The CCNPPCs revealed clinically acceptable values, while the CPTPC and CMTPC groups revealed better overall values of retention and time to failure. The titanium alloy was assessed to be a promising choice for fabricating dental post-and-core restorations.