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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Post-hoc"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

Última modificación: 22 de junio de 2025

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Post-hoc"

Grouse, Lawrence. "Post hoc ergo propter hoc." Journal of Thoracic Disease 8, no. 7 (2016): E511—E512. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2016.04.49.

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Costello, E. Jane. "Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc." American Journal of Psychiatry 174, no. 4 (2017): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16111320.

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Hoyt, David B. "Post hoc ergo propter hoc." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 74, no. 1 (2013): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e31827dc6d3.

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Kassirer, Jerome P., and Richard I. Kopelman. "Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc." Hospital Practice 22, no. 7 (1987): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21548331.1987.11703268.

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North, Richard B. "Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc?" Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface 14, no. 5 (2011): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00401.x.

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Bullock, John D. "Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc." Survey of Ophthalmology 45, no. 4 (2001): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6257(00)00193-4.

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Srinivas, Titte R., Bing Ho, Joseph Kang, and Bruce Kaplan. "Post Hoc Analyses." Transplantation 99, no. 1 (2015): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000000581.

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Bababekov, Yanik J., and David C. Chang. "Post Hoc Power." Annals of Surgery 269, no. 1 (2019): e11-e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000002914.

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Konjikušić, Snežana, Slađana Starčević, and Saša Mašić. "Post Hoc Analysis of Serbian hotel ratings." Industrija 47, no. 3 (2019): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/industrija47-22081.

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Curran-Everett, Douglas, and Henry Milgrom. "Post-hoc data analysis." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 13, no. 3 (2013): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aci.0b013e3283609831.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Post-hoc"

Jeyasothy, Adulam. "Génération d'explications post-hoc personnalisées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS027.

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La thèse se place dans le domaine de l'IA explicable (XAI, eXplainable AI). Nous nous concentrons sur les méthodes d'interprétabilité post-hoc qui visent à expliquer à un utilisateur la prédiction pour une donnée d'intérêt spécifique effectuée par un modèle de décision entraîné. Pour augmenter l'interprétabilité des explications, cette thèse étudie l'intégration de connaissances utilisateur dans ces méthodes, et vise ainsi à améliorer la compréhensibilité de l'explication en générant des explications personnalisées adaptées à chaque utilisateur. Pour cela, nous proposons un formalisme général qui intègre explicitement la connaissance via un nouveau critère dans les objectifs d'interprétabilité. Ce formalisme est ensuite décliné pour différents types connaissances et différents types d'explications, particulièrement les exemples contre-factuels, conduisant à la proposition de plusieurs algorithmes (KICE, Knowledge Integration in Counterfactual Explanation, rKICE pour sa variante incluant des connaissances exprimées par des règles et KISM, Knowledge Integration in Surrogate Models). La question de l'agrégation des contraintes de qualité classique et de compatibilité avec les connaissances est également étudiée et nous proposons d'utiliser l'intégrale de Gödel comme opérateur d'agrégation. Enfin nous discutons de la difficulté à générer une unique explication adaptée à tous types d'utilisateurs et de la notion de diversité dans les explications This thesis is in the field of eXplainable AI (XAI). We focus on post-hoc interpretability methods that aim to explain to a user the prediction for a specific data made by a trained decision model. To increase the interpretability of explanations, this thesis studies the integration of user knowledge into these methods, and thus aims to improve the understandability of the explanation by generating personalized explanations tailored to each user. To this end, we propose a general formalism that explicitly integrates knowledge via a new criterion in the interpretability objectives. This formalism is then declined for different types of knowledge and different types of explanations, particularly counterfactual examples, leading to the proposal of several algorithms (KICE, Knowledge Integration in Counterfactual Explanation, rKICE for its variant including knowledge expressed by rules and KISM, Knowledge Integration in Surrogate Models). The issue of aggregating classical quality and knowledge compatibility constraints is also studied, and we propose to use Gödel's integral as an aggregation operator. Finally, we discuss the difficulty of generating a single explanation suitable for all types of users and the notion of diversity in explanations

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Sebyhed, Hugo, and Emma Gunnarsson. "The Impotency of Post Hoc Power." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-433274.

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In this thesis, we hope to dispel some confusion regarding the so-called post hoc power, i.e. power computed making the assumption that the estimated sample effect is equal to the population effect size. In previous research, it has been shown that post hoc power is a function of the p-value, making it redundant as a tool of analysis. We go further, arguing for it to never be reported, since it is a source of confusion and potentially harmful incentives. We also conduct a Monte Carlo simulation to illustrate our points of view. Previous research is confirmed by the results of this study.

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Galoob, Robert Paul. "Post hoc propter hoc| The impact of martyrdom on the development of Hasidut Ashkenaz." Thesis, Graduate Theological Union, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10646811.

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This dissertation explores the close literary, thematic and linguistic relationships between The Hebrew Chronicles of the First Crusade and the later pietistic text Sefer Hasidim. Despite a long-standing tendency to view the Jewish martyrdom of 1096 and the development of German pietism (Hasidut Ashkenaz) as unrelated. upon closer scrutiny, we find strong ties between the two texts. Sefer Hasidim, the most well-known pietistic text, contains dozens of martyrological stories and references that share similar language, themes and contexts as the crusade chronicles. Indeed, rather than standing alone, and unrelated to the first crusade literature, we find tales of martyrdom that closely resemble those in the first crusade narratives. Sefer Hasidim also contains numerous statements that indicate the primacy of martyrdom within the hierarchy of the pietistic belief system, while other martyrological references function as prooftext for the traditional pietistic themes distilled by Ivan Marcus and Haym Soloveitchik. The extent to which martyrological themes are integrated into the belief system articulated in Sefer Hasidim indicates that the martyrdom of the First Crusade should be viewed as formative to the development of Hasidut Ashkenaz. A close reading of Sefer Hasidim conclusively demonstrates this premise. Moreover, a similar analysis of the crusade chronicles reveals a wide range of martyrological tales described in quintessential pietistic terms; expressions of the will of God, the fear of God. and the pietistic preference for life in the hereafter, are found throughout the martyrological text. When reading these two diverse texts side by side, we find substantive elements of a common world view spanning the period of the first crusade through the appearance of Sefer Hasidim. This allows us to understand each text through a new lens; the crusade chronicles now appear to be an early articulation of pietistic thought, while the later pietistic text now reads in part as a martyrological document of great significance.

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Durand, Guillermo. "Tests multiples et bornes post hoc pour des données hétérogènes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS289/document.

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Ce manuscrit présente mes contributions dans trois domaines des tests multiples où l'hétérogénéité des données peut être exploitée pour mieux détecter le signal tout en contrôlant les faux positifs : pondération des p-valeurs, tests discrets, et inférence post hoc. Premièrement, une nouvelle classe de procédures avec pondération données-dépendante, avec une structure de groupe et des estimateurs de la proportion de vraies nulles, est définie, et contrôle le False Discovery Rate (FDR) asymptotiquement. Cette procédure atteint aussi l'optimalité en puissance sous certaines conditions sur les estimateurs. Deuxièmement, de nouvelles procédures step-up et step-down, adaptées aux tests discrets sous indépendance, sont conçues pour contrôler le FDR pour une distribution arbitraire des marginales des p-valeurs sous l'hypothèse nulle. Finalement, de nouvelles familles de référence pour l'inférence post hoc, adaptées pour le cas où le signal est localisé, sont étudiées, et on calcule les bornes post hoc associées avec un algorithme simple This manuscript presents my contributions in three areas of multiple testing where data heterogeneity can be exploited to better detect false null hypotheses or improve signal detection while controlling false positives: p-value weighting, discrete tests, and post hoc inference. First, a new class of data-driven weighting procedures, incorporating group structure and true null proportion estimators, is defined, and its False Discovery Rate (FDR) control is proven asymptotically. This procedure also achieves power optimality under some conditions on the proportion estimators. Secondly, new step-up and step-down procedures, tailored for discrete tests under independence, are designed to control the FDR for arbitrary p-value null marginals. Finally, new confidence bounds for post hoc inference (called post hoc bounds), tailored for the case where the signal is localized, are studied, and the associated optimal post hoc bounds are derived with a simple algorithm

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Laugel, Thibault. "Interprétabilité locale post-hoc des modèles de classification "boites noires"." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS215.

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Cette thèse porte sur le domaine du XAI (explicabilité de l'IA), et plus particulièrement sur le paradigme de l'interprétabilité locale post-hoc, c'est-à-dire la génération d'explications pour une prédiction unique d'un classificateur entraîné. En particulier, nous étudions un contexte totalement agnostique, c'est-à-dire que l'explication est générée sans utiliser aucune connaissance sur le modèle de classification (traité comme une boîte noire) ni les données utilisées pour l'entraîner. Dans cette thèse, nous identifions plusieurs problèmes qui peuvent survenir dans ce contexte et qui peuvent être préjudiciables à l'interprétabilité. Nous nous proposons d'étudier chacune de ces questions et proposons des critères et des approches nouvelles pour les détecter et les caractériser. Les trois questions sur lesquelles nous nous concentrons sont : le risque de générer des explications qui sont hors distribution ; le risque de générer des explications qui ne peuvent être associées à aucune instance d'entraînement ; et le risque de générer des explications qui ne sont pas assez locales. Ces risques sont étudiés à travers deux catégories spécifiques d'approches de l'interprétabilité : les explications contrefactuelles et les modèles de substitution locaux This thesis focuses on the field of XAI (eXplainable AI), and more particularly local post-hoc interpretability paradigm, that is to say the generation of explanations for a single prediction of a trained classifier. In particular, we study a fully agnostic context, meaning that the explanation is generated without using any knowledge about the classifier (treated as a black-box) nor the data used to train it. In this thesis, we identify several issues that can arise in this context and that may be harmful for interpretability. We propose to study each of these issues and propose novel criteria and approaches to detect and characterize them. The three issues we focus on are: the risk of generating explanations that are out of distribution; the risk of generating explanations that cannot be associated to any ground-truth instance; and the risk of generating explanations that are not local enough. These risks are studied through two specific categories of interpretability approaches: counterfactual explanations, and local surrogate models

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Radulovic, Nedeljko. "Post-hoc Explainable AI for Black Box Models on Tabular Data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAT028.

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Les modèles d'intelligence artificielle (IA) actuels ont fait leurs preuves dans la résolution de diverses tâches, telles que la classification, la régression, le traitement du langage naturel (NLP) et le traitement d'images. Les ressources dont nous disposons aujourd'hui nous permettent d'entraîner des modèles d'IA très complexes pour résoudre différents problèmes dans presque tous les domaines : médecine, finance, justice, transport, prévisions, etc. Avec la popularité et l'utilisation généralisée des modèles d'IA, la nécessite d'assurer la confiance dans ces modèles s'est également accrue. Aussi complexes soient-ils aujourd'hui, ces modèles d'IA sont impossibles à interpréter et à comprendre par les humains. Dans cette thèse nous nous concentrons sur un domaine de recherche spécifique, à savoir l'intelligence artificielle explicable (xAI), qui vise à fournir des approches permettant d'interpréter les modèles d'IA complexes et d'expliquer leurs décisions. Nous présentons deux approches, STACI et BELLA, qui se concentrent sur les tâches de classification et de régression, respectivement, pour les données tabulaires. Les deux méthodes sont des approches post-hoc agnostiques au modèle déterministe, ce qui signifie qu'elles peuvent être appliquées à n'importe quel modèle boîte noire après sa création. De cette manière, l'interopérabilité présente une valeur ajoutée sans qu'il soit nécessaire de faire des compromis sur les performances du modèle de boîte noire. Nos méthodes fournissent des interprétations précises, simples et générales à la fois de l'ensemble du modèle boîte noire et de ses prédictions individuelles. Nous avons confirmé leur haute performance par des expériences approfondies et étude d'utilisateurs Current state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have been proven to be verysuccessful in solving various tasks, such as classification, regression, Natural Language Processing(NLP), and image processing. The resources that we have at our hands today allow us to trainvery complex AI models to solve different problems in almost any field: medicine, finance, justice,transportation, forecast, etc. With the popularity and widespread use of the AI models, the need toensure the trust in them also grew. Complex as they come today, these AI models are impossible to be interpreted and understood by humans. In this thesis, we focus on the specific area of research, namely Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI), that aims to provide the approaches to interpret the complex AI models and explain their decisions. We present two approaches STACI and BELLA which focus on classification and regression tasks, respectively, for tabular data. Both methods are deterministic model-agnostic post-hoc approaches, which means that they can be applied to any black-box model after its creation. In this way, interpretability presents an added value without the need to compromise on black-box model's performance. Our methods provide accurate, simple and general interpretations of both the whole black-box model and its individual predictions. We confirmed their high performance through extensive experiments and a user study

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Lowman, Lisa. "A post-hoc assessment of the Assiniboine-La Salle River Diversion project." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62785.pdf.

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Marchal, Cynthie. "Post-hoc prescience: retrospective reasoning and judgment among witnesses of interpersonal aggression." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209818.

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When judging interpersonal aggression, witnesses are usually expected to rationally consider, based on the evidence they have, what another reasonable person could (or should) have thought, known and done. However their analysis may be affected by judgment biases and personal motivations. These evaluative and retrospective biases, as well as the ascription of blame, are the main interests of this research. More specifically, we investigated the consequences of witnesses being prone to the hindsight bias, which is a common bias that gives individuals the feeling that they would have been able to predict past events, what in fact, is not the case. This process may have important effects on the victim, who “should have known” that an aggression would happen to him/her. In this dissertation, we examine the moderators of this bias and the role of the communication context in which it develops. We hypothesized that the communication context might affect the perspective that is taken on the event of interpersonal aggression and the perceived distance towards it. Also, we expected that the hindsight bias and victim blame would be decreased when reducing the psychological distance towards the event (i.e. perceived temporal distance and perceived proximity with the victim’s fate). In a same vein, we expected that the aggressor would be more derogated in this condition. The first four studies were designed to investigate the role of communication goals about the aggression. Asking participants to describe how (vs. why) the aggression happened was expected to diminish the perceived distance. The following study (study 5) examined whether reporting the event in the passive voice (vs. active voice) would have a similar effect. The four last studies investigated how the time of presenting the event (before vs. after its antecedents) would influence the perception of distance towards the events and the judgments. We expected that knowing the outcome initially might reduce the perceived distance with the events. Results of the first five studies confirmed the main hypotheses: the communication context that focused on the “how” of the event or that presented it in the passive voice reduced the perceived distance and diminished the predictability of the aggression and victim derogation. It also increases the derogation of the aggressor. In addition, the latter studies revealed that learning about the outcome right away leads to reduced derogation of the perpetrator and increased derogation of the victim, even when reducing the perceived distance with the event. Overall, this research suggests that the communication context in which the hindsight bias emerges, as well as the perceived distance with the negative event, are important factors when examining the retrospective reasoning and judgments of witnesses.Lorsque les témoins jugent une agression interpersonnelle, il est généralement attendu d’eux qu’ils considèrent rationnellement ce qu’une personne raisonnable aurait pu penser, savoir et faire dans pareille situation, et ce en se fondant uniquement sur les preuves qui leur sont fournies. Il n’en reste pas moins que leur analyse sera toutefois tronquée par des biais de jugement et des motivations personnelles. C’est pourquoi la détermination du blâme et l’influence des déformations rétrospectives et évaluatives sont au cœur de cette recherche. Ainsi, nous investiguons plus particulièrement le biais de rétrospection, à savoir l’erreur commune qui laisse à l’individu penser qu’il est en mesure de prévoir n’importe quel événement, alors qu’en réalité, il n’en est rien. Une telle erreur peut cependant avoir de graves conséquences pour la victime dès lors que les témoins sont amenés à croire qu’elle aurait « dû » prévoir ce qui allait survenir. Dans cette thèse, nous envisageons également les modérateurs de ce biais, dont le rôle du contexte communicationnel. Nous avons, dès lors, fait l’hypothèse que le contexte communicationnel pourrait affecter l’angle sous lequel les témoins considèrent l’événement et la distance perçue par rapport à celui-ci. Ce faisant, nous pensions que le biais de rétrospection et le blâme de la victime seraient réduits lorsque le contexte diminuait la distance perçue vis-à-vis de l’événement (en l’occurrence, la distance temporelle et la proximité perçue avec le sort de la victime). De même, il était attendu que l’agresseur soit davantage blâmé dans pareille condition. Les quatre premières études s’intéressaient donc au rôle des buts poursuivis lors de la communication à propos de l’agression, afin d’envisager en quoi décrire comment (vs. pourquoi) l’agression s’était produite aidait à réduire la distance perçue. Une cinquième étude nous a ensuite permis de considérer si la voix passive (versus active) avait aussi un effet similaire. Quant aux quatre dernières études, elles avaient pour objectif d’investiguer dans quelle mesure l’ordre de présentation des informations (connaître la fin avant, vs. après les antécédents) pouvait avoir également une incidence sur la prise de distance par rapport à l’événement et aux jugements. Plus précisément, nous faisions l’hypothèse que connaître l’événement en premier lieu (avant ses antécédents) facilitait la réduction de la distance perçue. Les résultats obtenus dans les cinq premières recherches semblaient confirmer nos hypothèses :Un contexte communicationnel qui réduisait la distance psychologique perçue par rapport à l’événement pouvait non seulement diminuer le biais de rétrospection et le blâme de la victime, mais augmenter aussi le blâme de l’agresseur. Toutefois, les dernières recherches ont semblé démontrer, a contrario, que connaître l’agression en premier lieu pouvait réduire le blâme de l’agresseur et augmenter celui de la victime, alors même que la distance perçue avec les événements était réduite. In fine, ce travail suggère donc que le contexte communicationnel, dans lequel le biais émerge, et la prise de distance face à l’événement négatif sont autant de pistes qu’il faudrait creuser à l’avenir pour mieux comprendre le raisonnement et les jugements rétrospectifs des témoins. Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Zaffran, Margaux. "Post-hoc predictive uncertainty quantification : methods with applications to electricity price forecasting." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX033.

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L'essor d'algorithmes d'apprentissage statistique offre des perspectives prometteuses pour prévoir les prix de l'électricité. Cependant, ces méthodes fournissent des prévisions ponctuelles, sans indication du degré de confiance à leur accorder. Pour garantir un déploiement sûr de ces modèles prédictifs, il est crucial de quantifier leur incertitude prédictive. Cette thèse porte sur le développement d'intervalles prédictifs pour tout algorithme de prédiction. Bien que motivées par le secteur électrique, les méthodes développées, basées sur la prédiction conforme par partition (SCP), sont génériques : elles peuvent être appliquées dans de nombreux autres domaines sensibles.Dans un premier temps,cette thèse étudie la quantification post-hoc de l'incertitude prédictive pour les séries temporelles. Le premier obstacle à l'application de SCP pour obtenir des prévisions probabilistes théoriquement valides des prix de l'électricité de manière post-hoc est l'aspect temporel hautement non-stationnaire des prix de l'électricité, brisant l'hypothèse d'échangeabilité. La première contribution propose un algorithme qui ne dépend pas d'un paramètre et adapté aux séries temporelles, reposant sur l'analyse théorique de l'efficacité d'une méthode pré-existante, l'Inférence Conforme Adaptative. La deuxième contribution mène une étude d'application détaillée sur un nouveau jeu de données de prix spot français récents et turbulents en 2020 et 2021.Un autre défi sont les valeurs manquantes (NAs). Dans un deuxièmte temps, cette thèse analyse l'interaction entre les NAs et la quantification de l'incertitude prédictive. La troisième contribution montre que les NAs induisent de l'hétéroscédasticité, ce qui conduit à une couverture inégale en fonction de quelles valeurs sont manquantes. Deux algorithmes sont conçus afin d'assurer une couverture constante quelque soit le schéma de NAs, ceci étant assuré sous des hypothèses distributionnelles sur les NAs. La quatrième contribution approfondit l'analyse théorique afin de comprendre précisément quelles hypothèses de distribution sont inévitables pour construite des régions prédictives informatives. Elle unifie également les algorithmes proposés précédemment dans un cadre général qui démontre empiriquement être robuste aux violations des hypothèses distributionnelles sur les NAs The surge of more and more powerful statistical learning algorithms offers promising prospects for electricity prices forecasting. However, these methods provide ad hoc forecasts, with no indication of the degree of confidence to be placed in them. To ensure the safe deployment of these predictive models, it is crucial to quantify their predictive uncertainty. This PhD thesis focuses on developing predictive intervals for any underlying algorithm. While motivated by the electrical sector, the methods developed, based on Split Conformal Prediction (SCP), are generic: they can be applied in many sensitive fields.First, this thesis studies post-hoc predictive uncertainty quantification for time series. The first bottleneck to apply SCP in order to obtain guaranteed probabilistic electricity price forecasting in a post-hoc fashion is the highly non-stationary temporal aspect of electricity prices, breaking the exchangeability assumption. The first contribution proposes a parameter-free algorithm tailored for time series, which is based on theoretically analysing the efficiency of the existing Adaptive Conformal Inference method. The second contribution conducts an extensive application study on novel data set of recent turbulent French spot prices in 2020 and 2021.Another challenge are missing values (NAs). In a second part, this thesis analyzes the interplay between NAs and predictive uncertainty quantification. The third contribution highlights that NAs induce heteroskedasticity, leading to uneven coverage depending on which features are observed. Two algorithms recovering equalized coverage for any NAs under distributional assumptions on the missigness mechanism are designed. The forth contribution pushes forwards the theoretical analysis to understand precisely which distributional assumptions are unavoidable for theoretical informativeness. It also unifies the previously proposed algorithms into a general framework that demontrastes empirical robustness to violations of the supposed missingness distribution

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Sobotková, Marika. "Neurofeedback aktivity amygdaly pomocí funkční magnetické rezonance." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378028.

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The aim of this diploma thesis is real-time fMRI neurofeedback. In this case, the activity of amygdala is monitored and controled by an emotional regulatory visual task. A procedure to process measured data online and to incorporate it into the stimulus protocol has been proposed. A pilot study was carried out. Offline analysis of measured data was performed, including evaluation of the results of the analysis. The data is processed in MATLAB using the functions of the SPM library.

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Libros sobre el tema "Post-hoc"

Rea, Elsbeth. Post hoc survey, final report. Northern Ireland Post Qualifying Education and Training Partnership, 2002.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. Ad Hoc Task Force on Presidential Pay Recommendations. Presidential pay recommendations: Hearings before the Ad Hoc Task Force on Presidnetial Pay Recommendations of the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, first session, February 2 and 3, 1987. U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Disaster Recovery. Post-catastrophe crisis: Addressing the dramatic need and scant availability of mental health care in the Gulf Coast : hearing before the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Disaster Recovery of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, October 31, 2007. U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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Post hoc. Avenue B, 1990.

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Wider das Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.

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Mommsen, Jens Karl Friedrich. Wider das Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Dane Mitchell: Post Hoc. Mousse Magazine and Publishing, 2019.

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Jeffery, Commission, and Moloo Rahim. 11 Post-Award Applications. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729037.003.0011.

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This chapter focuses on International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and UNCITRAL tribunal practice on post-award applications. It begins with a discussion of certain post-award remedies under the ICSID Convention and ICSID Additional-Facility arbitral rules, including requests for supplementary decision, rectification/correction, interpretation and revision. It then considers annulment under the ICSID Convention, with emphasis on the conduct and procedure for annulment proceedings, the number of annulment applications and rates of success, and the constitution and composition of ad-hoc committees. It also examines the practice of stays of enforcement in annulment proceedings, and in particular the relatively long line of ICSID decisions rendered by ad-hoc committees on such applications. Finally, it outlines the post-award remedies available to parties under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules.

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Ontour, geeks. Connaissance Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc Est le Respect du Pouvoir: Papier Doublé de Portable Avec 120 Pages Au Format 15 X 22, 86 Cm. Independently Published, 2021.

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Ontour, geeks. Conocimiento Del Hoc de Ergo Post HOC Es la Atención de Poder: Papel Alineado Portátil con 120 Páginas en Formato 15 X 22, 86 Cm. Independently Published, 2021.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Post-hoc"

Pinto, Robert C. "Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc." In Argument, Inference and Dialectic. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0783-1_6.

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Cummings, Louise. "Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc." In Fallacies in Medicine and Health. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28513-5_7.

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Armstrong, Richard A., and Anthony C. Hilton. "Post Hoc Tests." In Statistical Analysis in Microbiology: Statnotes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470905173.ch7.

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Kamath, Uday, and John Liu. "Post-Hoc Interpretability and Explanations." In Explainable Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction to Interpretable Machine Learning. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83356-5_5.

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Nichols, Lionel. "Rule of Law Reforms: Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc?" In The International Criminal Court and the End of Impunity in Kenya. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10729-5_7.

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Wolfram, Dietmar. "Clustering for Post Hoc Information Retrieval." In Encyclopedia of Database Systems. Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7993-3_950-2.

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Wolfram, Dietmar. "Clustering for Post Hoc Information Retrieval." In Encyclopedia of Database Systems. Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39940-9_950.

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Holcomb, Zealure C., and Keith S. Cox. "Chi-Square and Post Hoc Tests." In Interpreting Basic Statistics. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315225647-64.

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Cox, Keith S., and Zealure C. Holcomb. "Chi-Square with Post Hoc Tests." In Interpreting Basic Statistics, 9th ed. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003096764-63.

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Wolfram, Dietmar. "Clustering for Post Hoc Information Retrieval." In Encyclopedia of Database Systems. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8265-9_950.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Post-hoc"

Zhong, Zhiqiang, Kuangyu Zhou, and Davide Mottin. "Harnessing Large Language Models as Post-hoc Correctors." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-acl.867.

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Berenbeim, Alexander, Ramneet Kaur, Adam D. Cobb, Anirban Roy, Susmit Jha, and Nathaniel D. Bastian. "Post-hoc Uncertainty Quantification for Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence." In MILCOM 2024 - 2024 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom61039.2024.10773761.

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Tan, Pei-Sze, Sailaja Rajanala, Yee-Fan Tan, et al. "Post-Hoc Adversarial Stickers Against Micro-Expression Leakage." In ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889387.

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Dimitri, Giovanna Maria, Benedetta Tondi, and Mauro Barni. "Enhancing Synthetic Generated-Images Detection through Post-Hoc Calibration." In 2025 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/wacvw65960.2025.00087.

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Mossina, Luca, Joseba Dalmau, and Léo Andéol. "Conformal Semantic Image Segmentation: Post-hoc Quantification of Predictive Uncertainty." In 2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw63382.2024.00361.

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Bhan, Milan, Jean-Noël Vittaut, Nicolas Chesneau, and Marie-Jeanne Lesot. "Self-AMPLIFY: Improving Small Language Models with Self Post Hoc Explanations." In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.615.

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Rajpura, Param, and Yogesh Kumar Meena. "Towards Optimising EEG Decoding using Post-hoc Explanations and Domain Knowledge." In 2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781846.

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Ducange, Pietro, Francesco Marcelloni, Alessandro Renda, and Fabrizio Ruffini. "Consistent Post-Hoc Explainability in Federated Learning through Federated Fuzzy Clustering." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee60900.2024.10611761.

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Wu, Junyi, Bin Duan, Weitai Kang, Hao Tang, and Yan Yan. "Token Transformation Matters: Towards Faithful Post-Hoc Explanation for Vision Transformer." In 2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.01039.

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Enouen, James, Hootan Nakhost, Sayna Ebrahimi, Sercan Arik, Yan Liu, and Tomas Pfister. "TextGenSHAP: Scalable Post-Hoc Explanations in Text Generation with Long Documents." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-acl.832.

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Informes sobre el tema "Post-hoc"

Anderson, Dave M., and Donna J. Hostick. Post Hoc Evaluation of Long-Term Goals for Energy Savings in the Buildings Sector: Lessons from Hindsight. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15003619.

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Moreland, Kenneth, Andrew Bauer, Berk Geveci, Patrick O'Leary, and Brad Whitlock. Leveraging production visualization tools in situ. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44844.

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The visualization community has invested decades of research and development into producing large-scale production visualization tools. Although in situ is a paradigm shift for large-scale visualization, much of the same algorithms and operations apply regardless of whether the visualization is run post hoc or in situ. Thus, there is a great benefit to taking the large-scale code originally designed for post hoc use and leveraging it for use in situ. This chapter describes two in situ libraries, Libsim and Catalyst, that are based on mature visualization tools, VisIt and ParaView, respectively. Because they are based on fully-featured visualization packages, they each provide a wealth of features. For each of these systems we outline how the simulation and visualization software are coupled, what the runtime behavior and communication between these components are, and how the underlying implementation works. We also provide use cases demonstrating the systems in action. Both of these in situ libraries, as well as the underlying products they are based on, are made freely available as open-source products. The overviews in this chapter provide a toehold to the practical application of in situ visualization.

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Zhang, Yunfeng, and Anthony J. Hornof. Using the Mean Shift Algorithm to Make Post Hoc Improvements to the Accuracy of Eye Tracking Data Based on Probable Fixation Locations. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada528607.

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Storm, Servaas. The Art of Paradigm Maintenance: How the ‘Science of Monetary Policy’ tries to deal with the inflation of 2021-2023. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp214.

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The macroeconomic models used by major institutions including the Federal Reserve and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) failed to predict the inflation surge during 2021-2023. The output gap, the unemployment gap, the New Keynesian Phillips curve and inflation expectations did not give timely and relevant signals. The re-emergence of inflation thus threw the ‘science of monetary policy’ off the rails. Faced with the choice between changing their paradigm and proving that there is no need to do so, the ‘scientists of monetary policy’ got busy on the proof. As a result, a number of ad-hoc epicycles have been added to the New Keynesian analytical core—with the help of which one can claim to be able to explain the sudden acceleration of inflation post-factum. This paper critically reviews the theoretical and empirical merits of three recent tweaks to the New Keynesian core: using the vacancy ratio as the appropriate measure of real economic activity; hammering on the considerable risk of an imminent wage-price spiral; and the resurrection of the non-linear Phillips curve. The paper concludes by drawing out sobering lessons concerning the art of paradigm maintenance as practiced by the ‘scientists of monetary policy’

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Sangiampongsa, Pisanu. Perceptions on disability rights and disability as a social problem. Chulalongkorn University, 2008. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2008.31.

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People with disabilities seem to experience hardship in life and other disadvantages. Such difficulty seems to be related to the fact that disabled people tend to lack many essential elements in life, which could stem from inadequate, inefficient, and ineffective welfare. Also related is the general public that tends to exhibit little or no concern about the disability issue. As such, three groups of people are identified to be associated with the disability issue – people with disabilities, the State offering the disability welfare, and the general public sharing social resources with disabled people. This study applies the public policy theory on issue definition and hypothesizes that the three groups perceive the disability issue differently regarding disability rights and disability as a social problem. This, in turn, leads to the lingering disability problems – the hardship and disadvantages among those with disabilities – without any correction. In terms of the research procedure, survey research method is used to reflect the perception of the three groups. The disability literature helps construct a survey instrument that examines the perception of these people. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test are pursued to study the extent of difference in perception. The empirical findings indicate the different perceptions, in that people with disabilities exhibit more positive view on disability rights and perceive the disability issue more as a social problem than the general public and public officials representing the State. Such difference has an implication on the disability issue and policy. Within the public policy theory on issue definition, the variation in perception or a divided perception stymies the public understanding of the issue and prevents the disability issue from entering the State agenda. Also, the State usually pays attention to the public, whereby, in this case, the non-disabled public has a less positive view on disability rights and disability as a social problem than disabled people. Consequently, the State does not take any immediate action on the disability issue, therefore, maintaining the status quo. The study gives some suggestions that people with disabilities, the target of the disability policy, must be more active in engendering a favorable political and policy environment for the disability issue. Strong disability groups should be formed and press demand on the State to change the status quo. They could attach some viable policy solutions to the demand, while also cooperating with the bureaucracy in the implementation of the disability policy. The disability groups can also expand the disability issue to catch attention of the public, making the issue more of a social problem. Or the groups can find policy entrepreneurs with capability of pushing the issue into the State agenda.

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