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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Polyoléfines – Recyclage"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Polyoléfines – Recyclage"
Henaut, Isabelle. "Étude de mélanges non compatibilisés de polyoléfines : Application au recyclage". ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0781.
Texto completoLeprêtre-Dropsit, Sophie. "Mise en oeuvre et propriétés des mélanges PET/polyoléfines en vue du recyclage d'emballages". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10140/document.
Texto completoPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyolefins (PE, PP ... ) are widely used for packaging applications (e.g., bottles) and generate a significant amount of waste. Recycling such thermoplastic materials avoiding costly sorting operations presents an economic and a scientific challenge because they are immiscible and semi-crystaIIine polymers. The aim of the study is to process binary (PET/PE, PET/PP) and temary (PET/PE/PP) blends, strongly unbalanced (0-90% by weight of PET), and compatibilized to maintain satisfactory mechanical performances in traction, impact and toughness. The recycled PET/polyolefins blends compatibilization by adding EGMA (ethylene copolymer-glycidyl methacrylate) leads to a decrease of polyolefins droplets size dispersed in the PET matrix, as weil as an improvement of interfacial conditions. The mechanical behavior (traction, impact and toughness) of blends tends to the ones of PET, when the average diameter of polyolefin inclusions is below a critical value of 3 µm. The study and modelisation of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of blends showed that EGMA and polyolefins play the role of a nucleating agent for the PET and accelerate the crystallization (without intluencing significantly the cristallinity rate). The mechanical properties of blends are more atfected by cristaIIization process modification than by morphological and interfacial changes
Lusinchi, Jean-Marie. "Optimisation des propriétés des mélanges de polyéthylène térephtalate avec les polyoléfines et le PVC". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20192.
Texto completoVialon, Thomas. "Reactive processing of polymeric materials : application to the upcycling of polyolefin blends". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLS050.
Texto completoThe global production of plastics has doubled in the past 20 years reaching 391 million tons in 2021, but only 8.3 % originated from post-consumer recycling streams. The sustainability and the circularity of the current plastic industry are hampered by several challenges such as the availability of curbside collection and recycling units, the difficulty of sorting polymers by nature, and the presence of additives and contaminants. In particular, polyolefins represent more than half of the annual polymer production, but it is difficult to separate post-consumer polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). PE and PP are incompatible and their joint processing in the melt results in low-value materials with poor mechanical properties. In this PhD, we developed azido-triazine additives that enable the upcycling of polyolefin blends into high-performance materials by reactive extrusion under industrially-relevant processing conditions. After a selection among a library of azido-triazines, the grafting of the most promising additive onto model polymer matrices was studied at the (macro)molecular scale using various techniques. Both grafting on the polymer chains by C-H insertion and oligomerization of the nitrene by N-N bond formation were observed. These results were applied to the reactive extrusion of commercial polymers, including PE, and the formation of a network was triggered by phase separation of the additive in the polymer matrix. The resulting crosslinked materials could be reprocessed, which highlighted the thermo-mechanical reversibility of the N-N bonds constituting the network. Reactive processing of PE-PP blends gave similar results, thanks to the versatile reactivity of the additive. In addition, incorporation of the two components into the insoluble fraction suggested compatibilization and reinforcement of the interface, associated with significantly improved tensile ductility. Finally, industrially-relevant challenges were tackled, with successful mechanical recycling of polyolefin networks without loss of properties, and efficient implementation of the solution to household plastic waste
Ben, Said Anouar. "Purification de polyoléfines artificiellement polluées : études de l’extraction de composés modèles par CO2 supercritique en autoclave et en extrudeuse bi-vis". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES011.
Texto completoDue to their excellent properties, polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene are widely used in food packaging applications to preserve and protect foodstuffs. However, throughout their lifecycle or first use, polyolefins can be exposed to contaminated media which limit their recyclability in food contact applications. Therefore, the recycling of polyolefins into direct food contact applications requires rigorous decontamination levels and thus effective and advanced recycling technology. The objective of this work is, at first hand, to study the feasibility and the potential of supercritical CO2 extraction in batch process for the purification of polyolefins (extraction of additives and model contaminants). In the whole, we investigated the effects of process parameters and contaminant structure on the extraction kinetic, and the influence of the supercritical CO2 extraction on the rheological and thermal behaviors of the purified materials. On the other hand, we aimed at the development of a novel continuous extraction process by coupling supercritical extraction technique and twin-screw extrusion. The most significant results showed the potential of supercritical CO2 extraction in batch mode for the purification of polyolefins without influence significantly the matrix properties
Idris, Adamu Aminu. "Upcycling of polyethylenes by catalysis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6fx79jm.
Texto completoThe synthesis of functional telechelic oligomer/molecule platforms directly from polyethylene (PE) wastes, although very appealing from an environmental and economic point of view, remains today a major problem to tackle. Indeed, the strong C(Sp3) – C(Sp3) & C(Sp3) – H(Sp3) σ-covalent bonds of polyethylenes are undoubtedly not only at the origin of the robustness and chemical inertness of PEs relative to many reagents but also dramatically hamper their chemical recycling. Among the different chemical methods currently available for the treatment of polyolefin wastes, one can cite pyrolysis, thermal cracking, and/or catalytic hydrocracking. However, such approaches most often lead to mixtures of hydrocarbons in a non-selective manner, which are difficult to valorize. In this dissertation thesis, we seek to develop a more valuable route toward polyolefins circularity through polyethylenes upcycling into α,ω–divinyl, or diacetate oligomers. Our strategy involves a two-step process via first the creation of reactive internal alkenes on the main polymer backbone by iridium-catalyzed dehydrogenation followed by depolymerization of the resulting unsaturated polymers using Ru–catalyzed metathesis. A thorough screening of the reaction parameters, nature of the catalyst, and substrate scope was first undertaken for both reactions. We have shown that different levels of internal unsaturation can be generated on the PEs backbone by playing with the catalyst ligand, loading, or conditions of dehydrogenation without compromising its structural and thermal properties Subsequent cross-metathesis of these internally unsaturated polyethylenes with ethylene and cis–1,4–diacetoxy–2–butene as chain transfer agents afforded divinyl and diester telechelic products with 86 % and 91 % conversions (of internal double bonds into functional chain ends) respectively. The high-value-added end-products of this two-step process could be used as feed for the synthesis of recycle-by-design polymers, thereby reducing the exploitation of fossils for polymer production and its associated environmental impact
Louizi, Molka. "Formulation de mélanges de polyoléfines à l’aide d’une extrudeuse à très haute vitesse : Application à la dispersion de particules de traceurs, détectables par fluorescence X ou UV, en vue du tri de déchets polymères post-consommation". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0134.
Texto completoThis thesis, which is part of the ANR Eco-Tech TRIPTIC project, had the objective of contributing to industrial sorting rate of polymers containing tracers detectable by their fluorescence X or UV properties. At first, given that the cost of tracers selected for TRIPTIC study is quite high, a preliminary study is conducted with models of silica particles to optimize the dispersion of fillers in polypropylene / ethylene-propylene rubber (PP / EPR) matrix. It was found that processing under high shear rate is an effective technology for accomplishing a homogeneous dispersion of micro or nanoscale fillers. In a second step, after optimization of dispersion conditions, our results are extrapolated to the dispersion of UV tracer in different thermoplastic matrices. It was shown that the dispersion of 1000 ppm of micrometer tracer particles, in polypropylene matrices, extruded at high shear rates (N = 800 rpm), has no impact on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties as well as in the photo-degradation of the polymer after UV irradiation exposure. This fine dispersion was beneficial not only for the conservation of the properties of traced polymers but also for achieving a good dynamic detection of UV or X tracers using a prototype developed by the project partners ( Pellenc Selective Technologies , CEA- LITT and ENSAM - RPI ). Finally, high shear processing has successfully used to the compatibilization of ternary blends ( PP / EPR ) / PE (polyethylene) which may correspond to the post-consumer polymers. This technique has proved to be an effective method to produce polymer blends with unique mechanical properties. This novel strategy of compatibilization is of a particular interest, especially for industrial application prospects. It also opens new perspectives for materials lightening as well as “high shear recycling” of immiscible polymers
Quitadamo, Alessia. "Influence of wood flour and cellulose on the properties and the stability of formulations based on polyolefins and bio-based polymers". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI015.
Texto completoThe objective of this research is the development of high-added value materials, with high amount of bio-derived fillers, resulting in a more eco-friendly product. The pursued strategy is based on both the introduction of natural fibres and the use of oil-based and bio-derived polymer blends as matrices, reducing the non-biodegradable amount in the material. The thesis project is based on the development of HDPE/PLA blends filled with natural fillers, such as wood flour and recycled paper fibres. High-density polyethylene has been chosen because it is one of the most representative recycled polymers on the market. Poly(lactic) acid has been selected as it is an important bio-degradable polymer on the market. The methodology developed here can be extended to other bio-degradable polymers, such as Soy Protein Isolate (SPI). Wood flour is a diffuse waste material, that can be used for production of Wood Plastic Composites. Recycled paper fibres are derived from industrial paper waste, which cannot be subjected to traditional recycling processes. Additives have been introduced in order to face the problem of different hydrophilicity between oil-based/bio-derived polymers with natural fillers. The optimal composition and production processes are challenges, not only for the use of these materials, but also for their disposal. The end-of-life of these samples can be evaluated through controlled bio-degradability and compostability, correlating material structure with the ability to biodegrade. The production of a material at reduced environmental impact with properties consistent with their applications is a first environmental advantage. Obtaining a controlled biodegradability, as a function of the applications, would give enhanced value to our materials. Several characterizations have been performed in order to analyse the effect of different compatibilizers and treatments such as: tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, infrared spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography and composting tests