Tesis sobre el tema "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée RAFT/MADIX"
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Dommanget, Cédric. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : le défi de l'éthylène". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10216/document.
Texto completoThe work presented in this thesis displays the controlled radical polymerization of ethylene at low temperature (70 °C) and low pressure (200 bar) and the synthesis of block copolymers featuring polyethylene segments. Four polymerization techniques, commonly used in macromolecular engineering, were studied: NMP, CMRP, RAFT/MADIX and ESCP. Our investigation of the use of SG1 nitroxide (NMP) and cobalt (II) acetylacetonate (CMRP) as controlling agents demonstrated their inability to control the polymerization of ethylene. Nonetheless, an unexpected reaction with cobalt (II) acetylacetonate was observed. The coupling reaction between propagating radicals appeared to be favored by the presence of this compound. On the other hand, the first controlled polymerization of ethylene was successfully achieved by using xanthate (RAFT/MADIX). A linear increase of molecular weight with conversion and low polydispersities were observed for the produced polyethylenes. The reaction was demonstrated to be a pseudo-living polymerization by the synthesis of block copolymers poly(vinyl acetate)-b-polyethylene. In addition, midchain-functionalized polyethylenes and ABA type block copolymers, with polystyrene or polyacrylate as the A block and polyethylene as the B block, were also prepared using nitrone based polymerization technique (ESCP)
Read, Emmanuelle. "Nouveaux copolymères thermoépaississants par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée RAFT/MADIX : synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés rhéologiques". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30159.
Texto completoThis work deals with the synthesis of watersoluble thermoassociative polymers by controlled radical copolymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer, RAFT/MADIX. These statistical polymers are made of poly(acrylamide-stat- 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt) hydrophilic backbone and Jeffamine® LCST side chains incorporated by copolymerisation of the corresponding acrylamido macromonomer. The intermolecular side chain associations in hydrophobic microdomains lead to thermothickening properties under constant shear rate. Synthesis parameters were optimized (temperature, solid content, transfer agent concentration) in order to obtain ultra-high molecular weight polymers with limited crosslinking mainly derived from undesirable transfer to polymer induced by Jeffamine® side chains. Thorough characterization methods, such as rheokinetic, dynamic rheology and size exclusion chromatography coupled with light scattering detection, were applied to determine which parameters were able to limit polymer crosslinking. The viscosifying properties were monitored in steady state rheology measurements in semi-dilute regime
Poly, Julien. "Copolymérisation radicalaire réticulante contrôlée : application à la synthèse de nanogels en présence de xanthates et modélisation". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13650/document.
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Seiler, Lucie. "Synthèse de copolymères d'architecture contrôlée à motifs acide phosphonique : étude de leurs propriétés superplastifiantes dans des pâtes cimentaires". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30279/document.
Texto completoPhosphonic acid-functionalized polymers show great promise as superplasticizers in cement mixtures. Functional block copolymers were synthesized by RAFT/MADIX polymerization to obtain polymers of controlled molecular weight, architecture and composition. The principal monomer used was vinylphosphonic acid (VPA). The enhancement of the kinetics of VPA polymerization and the final yield was one of the aims of the thesis. Block copolymers were then synthesized using xanthate disulfide as a chain transfer agent. This new process enabled us to obtain complex structures that would be difficult to synthesize using a more conventional RAFT process. The effects of block copolymer adsorption on cement workability were assayed with reference to a commercially available phosphonated superplasticizer
Lohmann, Jérôme. "COPOLYMÈRES À BLOCS « HYBRIDES » À BASE DE XYLOGLUCANE ET DE POLYMÈRE VINYLIQUE EN COMBINANT MODIFICATION CHIMIO-ENZYMATIQUE ET POLYMÉRISATION RADICALAIRE CONTRÔLÉE". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00495724.
Texto completoLohmann, Jérôme. "Copolymères à blocs « hybrides » à base de xyloglucane et de polymère vinylique en combinant modification chimio-enzymatique et polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10096.
Texto completoXyloglucan from tamarind seeds (XG) is a natural occurring polysaccharide. The association of the xyloglucan with a vinylic polymer part in an “hybrid” natural/synthetic block copolymer architecture gives the possibility to take advantages of its self-assembly in aqueous solution. We propose in this manuscript two synthetic strategies giving rise to “hybrid” block copolymers, based on chemo-enzymatic modification of xyloglucan oligosaccharides and controlled radical polymerization MADIX of vinylic monomers: acrylamide (Am), vinyl acetate (AcV), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP). The “starting from” strategy consists in MADIX controlled radical polymerization of a vinylic monomer starting from a modified oligosaccharide bearing one/two polymerizable group(s). The “coupling onto” strategy consists in a coupling by “click chemistry” between vinylic polymer obtained by controlled radical polymerization of a chain transfer agent bearing an azide function and a modified oligosaccharide bearing an alkyne function. Four families of “hybrid” block copolymers were thus obtained (XG-b-PAm, PAm-b-XG-b-PAm, XG-b-PAcV, XG-b-PNVP). A previous physic-chemical study in solution of these copolymers has also been achieved suggesting the formation of polymersomes
Miguel-Arricau, Sophie. "Corrélation structure/propriété de polymères à base d'acrylamide pour des applications en récupération assistée des hydrocarbures (RAH)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04010751.
Texto completoThe knowledge of the physico-chemical properties of polymer solutions for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is crucial to optimize the process. The purpose of this work was to consolidate and complete an universal viscosity model depending on C[η] parameter. The later allows taking into account the degree of interpenetration of polymer chains (critical concentration, C*, diluted and semi-diluted solutions). Various polymer parameters have been studied as the effects of microstructures, polymer size (molar mass and dispersity) as well as chemical composition. A library of polymer models was elaborated by controlled radical polymerization (RADT/MADIX). Series of polyacrylamides, statistical and asymmetric copolymers of acrylamide-sodium acrylate and post-hydrolyzed polyacrylamides were synthesized and characterized by steric exclusion chromatography and capillary rheology and the analytical protocols and techniques were optimized. The effects of the microstructure onto dimensional, rheological and complexation physico-chemical properties were determined
Balarezo, Mauricio. "Synthèse de (co)polymères biosourcés par polymérisation radicalaire (contrôlée)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS006.
Texto completoTo be more respectful of the environment, chemists are moving more and more towards green and eco-responsible chemistry. In this context, we wished, in this thesis, to develop the synthesis of biosourced (co)polymers by radical polymerization using particularly reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). Indeed, this polymerization technique has allowed great progress in polymer chemistry because it combines the simplicity of radical polymerization with the advantages of living polymerizations for the development of well-defined macromolecular architectures. To achieve this, the biobased monomers used must contain a polymerizable function. Therefore, either biobased monomers or biobased molecules that have been functionalized were used. Among the RDRP methods, we opted for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. We also combined this method with the "PISA" (polymerization-induced self-assembly) approach to generate biosourced amphiphilic block copolymers in a green solvent (mainly water) and thus obtain polymeric particles with spherical morphology. For the solvophilic block, we first opted for poly(acrylic acid) because acrylic acid (AA) can be obtained from renewable resources. We then also looked at two other biobased monomers: itaconic acid (IA) and α-methylene-γ- butyrolactone (MBL). Regarding the solvophobic block, we were first interested in menthol, a terpene with a hydroxyl function that was functionalized with an acrylate group. This allowed us to synthesize for the first time biosourced nanoparticles using the RAFT-PISA process in dispersion in a green solvent. In a second step, we worked on two lignin-derived styrenic monomers, acetylated vinyl guaiacol (AcVG) and para-acetoxystyrene (AcST). Spherical nanoparticles whose diameter can be modulated with the length of the hydrophobic block were obtained using the RAFT-PISA process in water emulsion
Girard, Etienne. "Macromolecular engineering of CO2-philic (co)polymers through RAFT/MADIX polymerization". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2330/.
Texto completoThe work presented in this manuscript describes the development of original families of CO2-philic (co)polymers in a context of an increasing promotion of green solvents such as supercritical carbon dioxide. In this respect, innovative amphiphilic block copolymers which may act as macromolecular surfactants for water/carbon dioxide emulsions are also studied. This thesis encompasses the synthesis, the characterization and the property studies of such (co)polymers, with a particular emphasis on their solubility in supercritical CO2. Building on RAFT/MADIX polymerization, the structure and the composition of these macromolecules were varied using vinyl acetate, fluorinated vinyl esters and fluorinated olefins as CO2-philic monomers. The influence of macromolecular characteristics of CO2-philic and amphiphilic copolymers including chain length, chain end group and CO2-phobic/CO2-philic balance on their solubility was then studied through infrared spectroscopy and cloud point measurements, in order to draw structure-property relationships
Nicolaÿ, Renaud. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : application à la synthèse d'architectures macromoléculaires". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066347.
Texto completoBlidi, Issam. "Polymérisation RAFT/MADIX de monomères phosphonates : application pour la fonctionnalisation d'élastomères synthétiques". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30319.
Texto completoThe chemical modification of polydienes with various functional groups and in particular with phosphonates remains a challenge. These interesting functions lead to original materials with new elastomeric properties for the tire market. In this context, RAFT/MADIX polymerization in the presence of different chain transfer agents was used to obtain new phosphorus-containing polymers with well-controlled molecular weight, architecture and composition. This technology has allowed the synthesis of oméga-azide functionalized polyphosphonates as well as polyphosphonates with terminal thiol functionality by transformation of xanthate-functional termini. It was demonstrated that it is possible to functionalize polydienes thanks to click chemistry either along the chain or at the chain end. One approach involved a coupling of oligo- and polyphosphonates with terminal thiol functionality to double bonds of SBR by thiol-ene reaction. Alternatively, it was possible to couple oligo- and polyphosphonates with terminal azide functionality to polybutadiene by CuAAC reaction
Kulai, Ihor. "Hétéro-éléments et nouveaux agents RAFT, synthèse et évaluation en polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30249.
Texto completoThe thesis is devoted to the synthesis and evaluation of new heteroelement-based regulators for controlled radical polymerization. Thirteen new organophosphorus and organotin RAFT agents were synthesized. In particular, triarylstannanecarbodithioates were considered for the first time as chain transfer agents for the RAFT polymerization. The method of their synthesis was improved by the use of sodium naphthalenide for the reduction of triarylstannyl chlorides. This allowed us to reduce the time required for the synthesis and increase the yield of desired product. During the synthesis of desired products, new examples of intramolecular nucleophilic substitution were identified, namely fragmentation of bis(triarylstannyl-carbonothioyl)disulfides and dimerization of tri-p-tolylstannyl triphenylstannane-carbodithioates. These results are of particular importance for the extension of our knowledge about mechanisms of organic reactions. A new and improved methodology of investigation of thermal degradation and polymerization reactions was developed. It comprises performing reactions directly in NMR tubes while obtaining 1H, 19F, 31P and 119Sn NMR spectra in situ. This improvement allowed us to increase the accuracy of quantitative analysis while avoiding side reactions and losses of volatile compounds. Additionally, it decreases the expenditure of time and material resources. This methodology was used to establish relationships between the structures of triarylstannanecarbodithioates and their thermal stability. In particular, the introduction of electropositive tolyl groups increases stability by 30-40 %. Additionally, the kinetic parameters, structures of main products and possible mechanism of thermal degradation were identified. Based on the collected information we have concluded that alkyl triarylstannanecarbodithioates can be used for low temperature polymerizations or for the polymerization of highly reactive monomers (e.g. acrylamides). The efficiency of the synthesized compounds as chain transfer agents was confirmed by the use of model radical polymerizations. Structure-efficiency relationships were identified for phosphorylmethanedithioates and allowed us to propose two RAFT agents, namely 1-phenylethyl (dicyclohexylphosphoryl)-methanedithioate and 1-phenylethyl (di(piperidin-1-yl)phosphoryl)methanedithioate for future practical application. Heteronuclear 31P and 119Sn NMR were demonstrated to be powerful tools for monitoring of the polymerization process. An original functional organophosphorus RAFT agent with coumarin fluorophore was synthesized and evaluated in RAFT polymerization. Investigation of its fluorescent properties allowed us to identify a linear correlation between the intensity of fluorescence and the chain length of the synthesized polymers
Loiseau, Julien. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée de type RAFT (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer) de l'acide acrylique". Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10049.
Texto completoGeagea, Roland. "Étude de nouveaux agents de transfert et monomères phosphorés en polymérisation RAFT". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3056/.
Texto completoReversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) method which offers a great potential for tailor-making polymers under process conditions suitable for large industrial production. Its principle is based on the use of thiocarbonyl thio reversible chain transfer agents of general structure RS(C=S)Z. The transfer ability of the RAFT agent is markedly affected by the nature of its Z group, as exemplified in several studies for dithioesters, dithiocarbamates, trithiocarbonates and xanthates (MADIX agents). The subject addressed in this research focuses on radical polymerization by RAFT with the objective to develop new phosphorus RAFT agents capable of modulating radical polymerization. Also, the study of phosphorus hydrophilic monomers like vinyl phosphonic acid was achieved by RAFT / MADIX. The first chapter is devoted to the "state of the art" in the field of RDRP with a review of major types of radical polymerization by reversible deactivation existing at the moment, with special emphasis on the processes called "RAFT/MADIX" used in this research. The second chapter deals with the synthesis and characterization of two types of phosphorus RAFT agents such as metallocarbonyl diphenylphosphinecarbodithioates (M-RAFT), phosphinoyl and (thiophosphinoyl) carbodithioates (PX-RAFT). The third chapter presents the evaluation of these phosphorus compounds in the RAFT/MADIX polymerization of various known monomers as styrene, acrylates like n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylamido like tert-butyl acrylamide and vinyl acetate. The last chapter deals with the study of vinylphosphonic acid by RAFT/MADIX
Forero, Ramirez Laura Marcela. "Élaboration de nanocapsules par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée à partir d’un tensioactif réactif dérivé du dextrane". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0086/document.
Texto completoBiocompatible nanocapsules (NCs) for intravenous administration of hydrophobic anticancer agents were produced by interfacial Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization. Controlled growth of polymeric grafts constituting NCs shell was obtained using a multi-reactive dextran-based transurf called DexN3-τCTAγ (acting both as macroRAFT agent and surfactant) to mediate RAFT polymerization at the liquid/liquid interface. NCs composed of a hydrophobic polymer shell (poly(methyl methacrylate)), an oily liquid core (Miglyol®810) and a hydrophilic polysaccharide coating (dextran) were obtained. These nano-objects were characterized in terms of size, dextran coverage (density, thickness and stability), colloidal stability and morphology. Synthesis of NCs with a pH-sensitive polymer shell was approached. Finally, potential of these nano-objects for biomedical applications was evaluated by studies on different aspects: i) encapsulation and delivery of a model active substance, ii) NCs cytotoxicity, iii) NCs interactions with plasma proteins, and iv) surface functionalization of NCs by “click chemistry”
Van-Straaten, Manon. "Dépôt de films minces de poly(méthacrylates) par iCVD : des mécanismes de croissance à la Polymérisation Radicalaire Contrôlée". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1154.
Texto completoRecent progress in micro and nanotechnologies require the development of new synthesis process for various material thin films. Polymers, thanks to their properties, are very interesting for fields like microelectronic or biomedical. To respond to this need, many Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technologies are studied. This work focuses on a new method called initied Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD). This deposition method gives many advantages as its soft operational conditions (solvent free, low temperature), versatility and conformity. In order to improve the understanding of synthesis mechanism in iCVD, the first part of this work is about the poly(methacrylates) thin films growth kinetic. The study reveals two-regime growth kinetics. A model for the growth mechanism based on the microscopic and macroscopic analysis of thin layers from the two regimes is proposed. The first regime, at the early stage of the growth, is characterized by a slow deposition rate and polymers with low molecular mass. When the second regime appears, the deposition rate is higher and constant and polymers have higher molecular mass. These evolutions could to be explain by the growth film ability to stock monomers and thus increase the local monomer concentration. Poly(methacryaltes) growth kinetics are also investigated on polymeric and porous organosilicate layers. It appears than iCVD is a deposition method that can fill nanometrics pores with polymer really quickly. Moreover, to have a better control on polymer synthesized by iCVD (molecular weight, macromolecular architecture), the possibility to used a Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization (RDRP) method with iCVD process is discussed. The last part of this work concerns the use of Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization with the iCVD process thanks to silicon samples pre-functionalized with RAFT agent
Ho, The Hien. "Synthèse de copolymères thermosensibles par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée RAFT : caractérisation et étude de leur interaction avec des protéines". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752921.
Texto completoGuinaudeau, Aymeric. "Vers un développement durable de la polymérisation RAFT / MADIX : amorçage à basse température et milieux réactionnels respectueux de l'environnement". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30257.
Texto completoRAFT / MADIX reversible-deactivation radical polymerization has been oriented towards a sustainable industrial development. A kinetic study of chain transfer to RAFT / MADIX agent has been completed with an industrial xanthate for a wide range of monomers. It was demonstrated that transfer constants to RAFT / MADIX agent and interchange transfer constants allowed to explain and predict the evolution of number-average molecular weights and polydispersites during polymerization. Redox-initiated RAFT / MADIX polymerization of acrylamide was studied at low temperatures. It was shown that specific conditions were required to obtain very high controlled molecular weights (up to 106 g/mol). Subsequently, RAFT / MADIX polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone was reported in the same eco-friendly experimental conditions as acrylamide. The redox couple, solvent and reaction temperature had to be carefully chosen to control the polymerization and to synthesize original PVP-based block copolymers in water. Finally, RAFT / MADIX (co)polymerizations of many monomers have been studied and controlled in new environmentally friendly diester solvents
Manguian, Maggy. "Synthèses de copolymères amphiphiles cationiques par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : études de quelques propriétés en milieu aqueux". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066439.
Texto completoAudureau, Nicolas. "Synthèse de (co)polymères à UCST par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par RAFT et étude de leur thermosensibilité dans l’eau". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS299.pdf.
Texto completoOver the past decade, polymers exhibiting a UCST type behavior in water have gained more and more interest. Among them, poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) (P(Am-co-AN)) and poly(N- acryloyl glucinamide) are the most popular. They have been mainly studied for the develoment of new smart systems for biomedical applications. Yet, reproductibility of their synthesis to obtain polymers with the targeted phase transition temperature (TCP) is not always straightforward. In this thesis, we firstly completed previous studies available in the litterature on P(Am-co-AN) by synthesizing it in water using RAFT-controlled radical polymerization. We also developed a new familly of (co)polymers based on N-cyanomethylacrylamide (CMAm) and N-cyanoethylacrylamide (CEAm) exhibiting a UCST-type behavior in water covering a very large range of TCP (~20-85 °C). Moreover, we have shown that block copolymers composed of the former UCST type (co)polymers could be achieved with good polymerization control in water via the PISA-RAFT process using a poly(N,N- dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAc) macroRAFT agent. The process allowed us to obtain thermoresponsive nano-objects of different morpholgies. Remarkably, in the case of PDMAc-b-P(Am- co-AN), we have shown the existence of a partially reversible worms-to-spheres morphological transition induced by heating of the medium. In the case of PDMAc-b-PCMAm diblock copolymers, we have shown that a large range of morphologies, namely spheres, worms and vesicles, was accessible
Houillot, Lisa. "Polymérisation par voie RAFT en dispersion organique : synthèse de copolymères à blocs et autoassemblage simultanés". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812126.
Texto completoAbdelkader, Ouaiss. "Synthèse de nouveaux glycomonomères : étude de leur polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée en milieu aqueux en présence d'un agent de transfert de type RAFT". Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0048/these.pdf.
Texto completoWe report in the present work the syntheses of three new glycomonomers from isomaltulose via the carboxymethyl glycoside lactone intermediates. A preminary study of their polymerisation following a reversible addition-fragmentation transfer process is also reported. An azido function could be incporporated in the monomer either at position 2 or position 6 of the sugar, and the influence of this susbtitution on the polymerisation was briefly explored. The copolymerization or post modification of the functional glycopolymers has been described
Fuentes-Exposito, Mathieu. "Synthèse de latex de poly(fluorure de vinylidène) (PVDF) sans tensioactif à l’aide de la polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée de type RAFT". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1175.
Texto completoThis work describes the synthesis of self-stabilized PVDF particles by combining the advantages of emulsion polymerization with those of controlled radical polymerization (CRP) using the RAFT process. First, a commercial methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) carrying a hydroxyl function (PEG-OH) was used for the stabilization of PVDF particles. The stabilization is provided by irreversible transfer reactions occurring along the PEG-OH chains leading to the formation of a grafted copolymer stabilizer in situ. This PEG-OH was then chain-end functionalized to introduce a xanthate group (macroRAFT, PEG-X). The experiments carried out in the presence of this macroRAFT demonstrated a strong implication of the xanthate chain-end in the VDF emulsion polymerization process. Indeed, particle sizes of 200 nm and 70 nm were obtained in the presence of PEG-OH and PEG-X, respectively. This trend was confirmed during the study of the impact of various parameters such as the molar mass of the PEG chain or the initiator amount. Additional analyses (surface tension measurement and differential scanning calorimetry) allowed to compare the anchoring efficiency of PEG-X and PEG-OH. The macroRAFT amount was then increased to form particles composed of block copolymer. In-depth NMR analyses were then conducted to identify the species created during the VDF emulsion polymerization process in the presence of PEG-OH and PEG-X. In comparison, PEGs carrying reactive functions such as (meth)acrylate and thiol were used as stabilizers and their efficiencies compared to those of PEG-OH and PEG-X. The macroRAFT architecture was also varied using a difunctional macroRAFT (X-PEG-X) and a grafted polymer (PPEGA-X). Finally, PVDF latexes were synthesized with poly((meth)acrylic acid) (P(M)AA) functionalized by either a trithiocarbonate or a xanthate. Like previously, several parameters were varied such as the macromolecular chain length, the initiator amount and the macroRAFT amount. Again, these studies demonstrated the strong impact of the RAFT chain-end in the stabilization of PVDF particles
Velasquez, Émilie. "Utilisation de la polymérisation RAFT pour la synthèse de latex de poly(chlorure de vinylidène) (PVDC) sans tensioactif". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10067/document.
Texto completoSince poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC)-based copolymers present unique oxygen and water vapor barrier properties, they are a material of choice for pharmaceutical blisters and food packaging. PVDC-based latexes used in coating applications are generally stabilized by low molecular weight surfactants, which are prone to migration in the film after coating and cause material degradation. The main goal of our project is the synthesis of surfactant-free PVDC-based latexes by using hydrophilic macromolecular RAFT agents (macroRAFT). The latter plays the role of precursor of stabilizer and limits migration phenomena by being covalently bound to particles. In a first part, RAFT polymerization of VDC was studied in homogenous solution. Well-defined statistical and amphiphilic blocks copolymers based on PVDC were synthesized. Then, PVDC-based latexes were obtained by emulsion polymerization mediated by hydrophilic non-ionic and pH sensitive macroRAFT pre-formed in organic solvent. Those hydrophilic segments were chemically anchored to the particles. A fully water-based process was developed by synthesizing in water pH sensitive and permanently charged hydrophilic macroRAFT which were further used directly in emulsion polymerization without additional purification. Stable PVDC-based latexes exhibiting solids content of 40 % were obtained using a very small quantity of macroRAFT, fulfilling the industrial requirements. Drying of self-stabilized latexes led to transparent films which display only a slight whitening after water exposition contrary to the commercial film reference and better barrier properties
Mellot, Gaëlle. "Combinaison de la chimie supramoléculaire et de la PISA contrôlée par RAFT pour synthétiser des nanofibres dans l'eau". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS245.pdf.
Texto completoNanofibers are particularly interesting structures since they can be used in numerous applications (e.g. stabilization of Pickering emulsions, reinforcement of water-based coatings, biomedical applications, catalysis). Despite the development of various preparation methods of nanofibers, there is nowadays no method allowing the formation of fibers of different natures, directly in water, at high solids contents. In this context, we have combined RAFT-mediated PISA and supramolecular chemistry by introducing a bis- or trisure a sticker in the structure of a macro-RAFT to favor the formation of nanofibers during the PISA process. It is known that such urea stickers can form unidirectional hydrogen bonding leading to the formation of filamentous assemblies. During the aqueous PISA process, hydrogen bonding should thus overrule the packing parameter predictions and drive the PISA toward the fiber morphology in robust experimental conditions. We proved our concept by synthesizing a series of aliphatic bisurea-functionalized amphiphilic copolymers made of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) and poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) by aqueous PISA. The study of the obtained nano-objects morphologies in water highlighted the formation of fibers in a broad range of experimental conditions. Finally, we investigated the robustness and the versatility of our strategy by varying the chemical nature and the size of the polymer blocks
Adjili, Salim. "Synthèse et caractérisation de sondes lipidiques macromoléculaires fluorescentes émettant dans le rouge lointain pour l'imagerie membranaire". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876655.
Texto completoZhang, Wenjing. "Auto-assemblage de copolymères à blocs amphiphiles induit par la polymérisation : vers des édifices polymères à architecture, morphologie et propriétés contrôlées". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10222/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was synthesis of well-defined amphiphilic block copolymers in homogenous and heterogenous media using RAFT polymerization (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer) and to study their self-assemblies in water. A one-pot process in water was developed for the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers that simultaneously to their growth self-assembled into nano-particles. This method called “polymerization-induced self-assembly” (PISA) allows the synthesis of large quantities of amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous media without any intermediate purification step. During this process, two successive polymerization steps are performed in the same reactor. The first step consists in the synthesis of the hydrophilic macromolecular RAFT agents (macroRAFT agents) possessing a trithiocarbonate reactive group via RAFT in water. Without purification, these macroRAFT agents are reactivated for the polymerization of a hydrophobic monomer in the same reactor via RAFT emulsion polymerization. The resulting amphiphilic block copolymers self-assembled into nano-objects with various morphologies (spherical micelles, nanofibers and vesicles). Different parameters (pH, temperature, natureof hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers, solids contents, molar masse of hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks, etc) control these morphologies. Besides, the viscoelastic properties of polymeric nanofibers suspensions were studied as a function of the temperature. Below the Tg of polystyrene core at 25°C, the scaling law from viscoelastic behavior of these nanofiber suspensions the Doi−Edwards theory on the Brownian dynamics of rigid rods. Above Tg at 130°C, the nanofibers are flexible and it observed that their dynamics obey the power laws for polymer chains in solution
Pray-In, Yingrak. "Azlactome funchionalization of magnetic nanoparticles using CRP techniques and their bioconjugation". Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1037/document.
Texto completoWe herein report the surface modification of magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) with copolymers containing active azlactone rings via a grafting ‘from’ and grafting ‘onto’ controlled radical polymerization (CRP) for use as a nano-solid support for immobilization with biomolecules. Three different approaches were presented as following. First, synthesis of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-stat-2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PEGMA-stat-VDM)-grafted MNP via a grafting ‘from’ atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and its application as a platform for conjugating thymine peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer were presented. The presence of polymeric shell and the immobilization of thymine PNA on MNP core were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. The second strategy is based on the synthesis of MNP grafted with PEGMA and VDM via ATRP for conjugation with folic acid (FA). The existence of PEGMA and VDM in the structure was characterized by FTIR, TGA and VSM. After the FA conjugation, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results indicated that the FA-conjugated MNP having high VDM content exhibited good dispersibility in water.Third, the synthesis of MNP grafted with poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PEO-b-PVDM) block copolymer via a grafting ‘onto’ strategy and its application as recyclable magnetic nano-support for adsorption with antibody were studied. PEO-b-PVDM diblock copolymers were first synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and then grafted onto amino-functionalized MNP. TEM images and photo correlation spectroscopy (PCS) indicated an improvement in the particle dispersibility in water after coating with the copolymers. The nanoclusters with PEO-b-PVDM copolymer coating were used as recyclable magnetic nano-supports for adsorption with antibody
Griveau, Lucie. "Emulsion polymerization in the presence of reactive PEG-based hydrophilic chains for the design of latex particles promoting interactions with cellulose derivatives". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1329/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, polymer particles surface-functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) groups were synthesized to promote their interaction with cellulose derivatives via intermolecular hydrogen bond. Two synthetic routes were proposed to obtain such cellulose/latex composites.The first route was based on the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) to form functionalized polymer nanoparticles prior to adsorption onto cellulosic substrate. PISA takes advantage of the formation of amphiphilic block copolymers in water by combining emulsion polymerization with reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques. The latter were used to synthesize well-controlled hydrophilic polymer chains, acting as both precursor for the emulsion polymerization of a hydrophobic monomer, and stabilizer of the final latex particles. Two RDRP techniques were investigated: reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), and single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP). Low molar mass PEG-based hydrophilic polymers have been synthesized using both techniques, used for the polymerization of a hydrophobic block in water. The transfer of controlling agent at the locus of the polymerization was challenging for SET-LRP in emulsion conditions leading to surfactant-free large particles. Nanometric latex particles were obtained via RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization, with morphology change from sphere to fibers observed depending on the size of the hydrophobic segment, which were then able to be adsorbed onto cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs).The second route used conventional emulsion polymerization performed directly in presence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) leading to Pickering-type stabilization of the polymer particles. Cellulose/particle interaction was provided thanks to the addition of PEG-based comonomer. Original organization emerged where CNCs were covered by several polymer particles
Duret, Damien. "Développement de sondes polymères fluorescentes à propriétés de ciblage améliorées pour des applications en imagerie cellulaire et en oncologie". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI060/document.
Texto completoThis work is focused on improving the biospecificity properties of fluorescent polymer probes, with controlled architectures, for two main applications: the in vivo targeting of cancer tumors and the labeling of proteins for in cellulo studies. For a targeted imaging of tumor angiogenesis in vivo, targeting systems presenting two levels of multivalency were developed by combining both i) well-controlled polymers synthesized by RAFT polymerization and the PISA process, ii) peptide tetravalent clusters exhibiting a high affinity for the αvβ3 integrins and iii) fluorophores emitting in the far red / near-infrared for a monitoring in vitro and in vivo by optical microscopy. Two types of probes were synthesized, linear conjugates and hairy nanoparticles. Multivalent presentation of the peptide cluster induced a significant increase of the affinity for αvβ3 integrins. The first biological evaluations also indicated an efficient cellular internalization of polymer probes mediated by the peptide clusters and a selective labeling of cells over-expressing αvβ3 integrins. For protein labeling, two strategies were explored: the labeling of native proteins by covalent coupling of ω-functional polymer probes and the labeling of recombinant proteins by probes bearing a specific ligand at one chain-end. For the first strategy, an activated ester function was introduced at the ω-end of polymer probes by thiol-ene chemistry to label the lysine residues of native proteins. This approach resulted in a poly-labeling, difficult to control but providing highly bright bioconjugates. For the second strategy, a nitrilotriacetic acid group (NTA) was introduced at the α-end of polymers probes to specifically label Histidine tagged proteins. This approach enabled an efficient labeling of different proteins with a more precise control of the number of probes per protein and of the binding site. Finally, following this work, a new synthetic strategy of sequenced polymers by successive addition of hetero-bifunctional monomers using highly efficient, selective and orthogonal chemical reactions was proposed and validated