Tesis sobre el tema "Polymérisation par transfert d’électrons"
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Casanova, Marion. "Conception et évaluation de vecteurs polymériques d'iminium N-hétérocyclique à activité antiplasmodiale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2023. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/230324_CASANOVA_795kpzkf736jdsb801go615hzgclu_TH.pdf.
Texto completoDrug delivery has emphasised real pharmacological and pharmacokinetic advancements. Nevertheless, few in-depth and original studies have been conducted on antimalarial vectors. Only approved drugs, for which the parasites have developed resistance mechanisms, have been used in vectorization. The conditions and costs of preparation of these nanoformulations constitute a major barrier to their future production. This project aimed at developing nanovectors for the delivery of new antiparasitic drugs, while relying on a both accessible and innovative "click" synthesis strategy. First, the antimalarial efficiency of new N-heterocyclic iminium salts was evaluated on Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for malaria. Bis-aminopyridinium salts proved to be the most promising candidates with sub-micromolar antiplasmodial activities and an original mechanism of action, probably related to their strong redox properties. Secondly, the vectorization of these bis-aminopyridinium drug candidates was undertaken through preparation of polymer-drug conjugate nanovectors. The latter were obtained via a simple strategy, consisting in the use of the bis-aminopyridinium salt as polymerization initiator of its own nanovector. The SAR study underlined the need for a first acrylate block and spherical arrangements on the activity. Hence, a soluble, biodegradable, and stealth triblock system with sizes lower than 100 nm and enabling the delivery of 5 mol% of drug, showed effective antiplasmodial activity, without any cytotoxic effect
Morandi, Gaëlle. "Synthèse de copolymères greffés par combinaison de polymérisation radicalaire par transfert d'atome (ATRP) et de polymérisation par ouverture de cycle par métathèse (ROMP)". Le Mans, 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2007/2007LEMA1012.pdf.
Texto completoThe objective of this work is the synthesis of graft copolymers based on a poly(buta-1,4-diene) backbone by combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Two synthetic approaches were developed: the grafting through and the grafting from methods. Original cyclobutenic inimers were first synthesized and their efficiency as ATRP initiator was studied. They were then engaged in ATRP of styrene and tert-butyle acrylate (tBA) to access well-defined (alpha)-cyclobutenyl PS and PS-b-PtBA macromonomers. ROMP of these macromonomers has conducted to well-defined PB-g-(PS-b-PtBA) graft copolymers through an original combination between ROMP, ATRP and grafting through strategy never reported before. The grafting from strategy was also developed. ROMP of cyclobutenic inimers was first conducted, leading to polyfunctional PB backbones of various sizes. A range of well-defined high molecular weight PB-g-PtBA graft copolymers was then synthesized by initiation of ATRP from these PB backbones. Finally, a first attempt of ROMP of norbornene in aqueous media stabilized by original (alpha)-cyclobutenyl PS-b-PAA macromonomers was also conducted. This experiment has led to promising results
Desbois, Marie-Hélène. "Réactions organométalliques catalysées par transfert d'électron et application à la polymérisation des alcynes terminaux". Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10586.
Texto completoRayeroux, David. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'iode en mode inverse (RITP) : Synthèse de copolymères amphiphiles". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0025/document.
Texto completoThis manuscript describes the synthesis of amphiphilic diblock copolymers by reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP). Firstly, homopolymers derived from activated (styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate), non-activated (vinyl acetate) and functional monomers (chloromethylstyrene, tert-butyl acrylate) synthesized by RITP, were studied. Aspects including molecular weight control as well as iodine chain-end functionality were investigated. In order to highlight the compatibility of RITP with other living/controlled (non-radical) polymerization techniques, a poly(styrene)-b-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PS-b-P(MOx)) non-ionic copolymer was conceived through an ‘all-iodine', ‘one-pot' process by combining successively RITP of styrene with cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline. Besides, poly(styrene)-b-poly(chloromethylstyrene) quaternized with triethylamine (PS-b-PCMS+) cationic copolymers and poly(styrene)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA-) anionic copolymers were elaborated by RITP of styrene, followed by ITP of the hydrophilic moiety. All these amphiphilic copolymers were obtained from iodine-bearing chain-end poly(styrene) (PS-I) of low molecular weights, in the range of values of 1000 to 3000 g.mol-1, playing the role of macro-initiators (CROP) or macro-transfer agents (ITP). Studies of the self-assembly of these amphiphilic copolymers in aqueous phases revealed the formation of micelles for concentrations superior to the critical aggregation concentration (CAC). The latter value was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, highly-promising results were obtained in the use of PS-b-PCMS+ cationic copolymers as structuring agents meant for the elaboration of nanostructured, mesoporous silica-based materials through the sol-gel process in basic medium. Both the synthesis of the amphiphilic copolymers and their physico-chemical characterizations have evidenced that RITP fosters the synthesis of different categories of amphiphilic copolymers, while being a simple, cheap and robust technique
Fournier, David. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'atome (ATRP) de la diméthylvinylazlactone : application à l'élaboration de supports réactifs". Le Mans, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1002.pdf.
Texto completoAmong the controlled/living radical polymerization techniques, ATRP has been extensively investigated since it provides well-defined polymers with controlled topology and functionality. However, the ATRP requires the presence of a transition metal complex such as copper complex, which contaminates the final polymer. Our works are based on the decrease of the copper residue in the final polymer. Our study is focalised on the immobilisation of a ligand able to complex copper onto solid supports. 2-Vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDM) and styrene have been copolymerized by ATRP onto Wang resin prealably converted into an ATRP initiator. The supported (co)polymers containing a bromine chain-end and azlactone rings were modified by an amine used as ligand for copper bromide immobilization. Resulting supported ligands were studied through heterogeneous copper-mediated living radical polymerization. The application of those supported (co)polymers has been extended as nucleophilic scavengers and these original solid supports showed a very good behavior towards the reactivity with primary amine
Geagea, Roland. "Étude de nouveaux agents de transfert et monomères phosphorés en polymérisation RAFT". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3056/.
Texto completoReversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) method which offers a great potential for tailor-making polymers under process conditions suitable for large industrial production. Its principle is based on the use of thiocarbonyl thio reversible chain transfer agents of general structure RS(C=S)Z. The transfer ability of the RAFT agent is markedly affected by the nature of its Z group, as exemplified in several studies for dithioesters, dithiocarbamates, trithiocarbonates and xanthates (MADIX agents). The subject addressed in this research focuses on radical polymerization by RAFT with the objective to develop new phosphorus RAFT agents capable of modulating radical polymerization. Also, the study of phosphorus hydrophilic monomers like vinyl phosphonic acid was achieved by RAFT / MADIX. The first chapter is devoted to the "state of the art" in the field of RDRP with a review of major types of radical polymerization by reversible deactivation existing at the moment, with special emphasis on the processes called "RAFT/MADIX" used in this research. The second chapter deals with the synthesis and characterization of two types of phosphorus RAFT agents such as metallocarbonyl diphenylphosphinecarbodithioates (M-RAFT), phosphinoyl and (thiophosphinoyl) carbodithioates (PX-RAFT). The third chapter presents the evaluation of these phosphorus compounds in the RAFT/MADIX polymerization of various known monomers as styrene, acrylates like n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylamido like tert-butyl acrylamide and vinyl acetate. The last chapter deals with the study of vinylphosphonic acid by RAFT/MADIX
Castignolles, Patrice. "Cinétique de la polymérisation radicalaire des acrylates par polymérisation par LASER pulsé et chromatographie d'exclusion stérique multi-détection (PLP-SEC) : analyse critique". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066045.
Texto completoFall, Arona. "Donneurs d’électrons organiques : développement d’un nouveau système catalytique photoredox". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0607.
Texto completoDuring this last decade, the reactivity of enamine-based organic electron donor (OED) has been widely explored in electron transfer processes. With exceptionally negative redox potentials, OEDs spontaneously promote single (SET) or double electron transfer (DET) to an organic substrate, to form radical or anionic intermediates. However, the use of stoichiometric amount of OEDs limits their competitivity compared to their organometallic and organic catalysts. This thesis project consisted in developing a new catalytic system with OEDs. Different strategies were envisaged. In a first method a catalytic amount of OED would initiate the electron transfer to reduce the substrate. The oxidation of the generated radical intermediate would allow the regeneration of OED. Unfortunately, this strategy was unsuccessful. The second strategy would consist in regenerating the OED from its air-stable oxidized form OED2+ and a sacrificial electron donor (tertiary amine, sodium dithionite or Rongalite®) under photoactivation. Several optimizing steps allowed the development of a new efficient catalytic photoredox system with the oxidized form as photocatalyst and Rongalite® as sacrificial electron donor. This new photoredox catalytic system was applied to the reduction of various functionals groups (sulfone, aryl halide and triflate) by single electron transfer (SET) and double electron transfer (DET). The reactivity of the photocatalytic system was also explored in radical addition reactions
Angot, Stéphanie. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'atome : synthèse et caractérisation de (co)polymères en étoile et dendritiques". Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10589.
Texto completoDupayage, Ludovic. "Élaboration contrôlée de glycopolymères amphiphiles à partir de polysaccharide : synthèse de Dextrane-g-PMMA par polymérisation radicalaire par transfert d'atome". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL011N/document.
Texto completoSynthesis of the new comb-like amphiphilic glycopolymer dextran-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) was obtained thanks to an Atom Transfert Radical Polymerization (ATRP). In order to control the macromolecular parameters of these biocompatible and partly biodegradable glycopolymers, the “grafting from” strategy was applied using two different multi-step pathways. The first one is composed of four steps: partial acetylation of dextran hydroxyl groups; introduction of initiator groups convenient for ATRP; ATRP of methyl methacrylate in dimethylsulfoxide; acetyl group deprotection under mild conditions. The second pathway allows us to obtain such glycopolymers in only two steps: direct introduction of the same initiator groups onto the dextran chain and subsequent ATRP of methyl methacrylate in dimethylsulfoxide. Throughout the synthesis, detailed studies of each step enabled us to estimate the length of the dextran backbone and to assure the control of copolymer architecture in terms of graft number and graft length. Preliminary interfacial tension measurements highlighted the surfactant properties of such glycopolymers
Asgatay, Saâdia. "Complexation d'ADN par des polynorbornènes polycationiques, application au transfert de gènes". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30037.
Texto completoNon-viral systems for gene transfection are essentially based on DNA complexation into particles by electrostatic interaction between polycationic polymers. In this context, polycationic derivatives of polynorbornene with different counterions (chloride, acetate, lactobionate), have been prepared by organometallic polymerization. According to the nature of the counterion, their complexation with the DNA led to aggregates with variable binding affinity for the plasmid. The transfection efficiency was compared, on the basis of reporter gene expression, in cells in culture. The nature of the counterion affects gene delivery, and the results obtained with the polynorbornene methyleneammonium lactobionate and acetate are particularly encouraging. Finally, a new family of polycationic polynorbornene as amphiphilic counterions have been prepared. These polymers form stable latexes in water with an amphilic sugar corona, and are able to bind and efficiently complex the DNA in very small aggregates
Georges, Sébastien. "Polymérisation coordinative par transfert de chaîne d'un diène conjugué terpénique : détermination structurale par RMN, copolymères et fonctionnalisation du poly(béta-myrcène)". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10095/document.
Texto completoCoordinative polymerization of myrcene using Cp*La(BH4)2(THF)2 pre-catalyst combined to a dialkyl magnesium has been realized. Analyses on a high-field NMR spectrometer 900 MHZ allowed a complete assignation and a method to distinguish poly(1,4-trans myrcene) from its stereoisomer poly(1,4-cis myrcene) has been proposed. Coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) of myrcene was realized using dialkylmagnesium and trialkylaluminium in excess, leading to first application of this concept to a bio-sourced monomer. Copolymerizations with styrene and/or isoprene were further undertaken using the same catalytic system, allowing the coordinative chain transfer copolymerization of two conjugated dienes (CCTcoP) or the coordinative chain transfer terpolymerization (CCTterP) of the three monomers, leading to an original poly(1,4-trans myrcene)-co-(poly1,4-trans isoprene)-co-styrene.Otherwise, the reactivity of the system was studied after modification of the magnesium-based co-catalyst. The impact on the isoprene and styrene polymerizations of the presence of a bulky ligand and only one alkyl chain on the magnesium was studied.Finally, we wanted to study the chain-end functionalization of the poly(1,4-trans myrcene) using benzophenone. The grafting of polylactic acid on an epoxidized polymyrcene was also realized
Raynaud, Jean. "Carbènes N-hétérocycliques comme activateurs "multi-tâches" des réactions de polymérisations par transfert de groupe des (meth)acryliques et par ouverture de cycle des oxiranes". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR13995/document.
Texto completoThe use of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as multitask organic activators has enabled the polymerization of two classes of monomers: polar vinylic monomers like (meth)acrylics, and cyclic epoxides. In particular, the NHC-catalyzed group transfer polymerization (GTP) has been used to polymerize both acrylic and methacrylic monomers, either in polar or apolar solvents, in the presence of a silyl ketene acetal as initiator. On this basis, “all-acrylic” block copolymers have been synthesized. In another study, the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ethylene and propylene oxides was induced by NHCs. In one case, NHCs have been used as initiators of the reaction. On the other hand, using a third compound, they have served as catalysts for the ROP. Heterobifonctional poly(ethylene oxide)s and poly(propylene oxide)s have been synthesized. A final approach has brought together the two polymerization methods. Using a single initiating system, the sequential copolymerization of a polar vinylic monomer and a cyclic monomer has been achieved
Bellanger, Sarah. "Nouveaux développements en addition et en polymérisation radicalaires par transfert d'atome (A. T. R. A. , A. T. R. P. )". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12613.
Texto completoTonnar, Jeff. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'iode en mode direct (ITP) et en mode inverse (RITP) en milieux aqueux dispersés". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20065.
Texto completoRead, Emmanuelle. "Nouveaux copolymères thermoépaississants par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée RAFT/MADIX : synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés rhéologiques". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30159.
Texto completoThis work deals with the synthesis of watersoluble thermoassociative polymers by controlled radical copolymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer, RAFT/MADIX. These statistical polymers are made of poly(acrylamide-stat- 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt) hydrophilic backbone and Jeffamine® LCST side chains incorporated by copolymerisation of the corresponding acrylamido macromonomer. The intermolecular side chain associations in hydrophobic microdomains lead to thermothickening properties under constant shear rate. Synthesis parameters were optimized (temperature, solid content, transfer agent concentration) in order to obtain ultra-high molecular weight polymers with limited crosslinking mainly derived from undesirable transfer to polymer induced by Jeffamine® side chains. Thorough characterization methods, such as rheokinetic, dynamic rheology and size exclusion chromatography coupled with light scattering detection, were applied to determine which parameters were able to limit polymer crosslinking. The viscosifying properties were monitored in steady state rheology measurements in semi-dilute regime
Roudot, Angélina. "Emulsions et solutions aqueuses de micelles gelées de copolymères diblocs poly[styrène-bloc-poly(styrène-statistique-méthacrylate de diméthyle aminoéthyle)] synthétisés par polymérisation radicalaire par transfert d’atome". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066238.
Texto completoRazafindrakoto-Andrianasolo, Voahangi. "Amorçage de la polymérisation des résines époxy et des formulations époxy-amine par des complexes amine-halo ou pseudohaloborane". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10112.
Texto completoBijeire, Laurent. "Photosensibilisation de cibles biologiques (ADN, protéines) par des complexes polypyridiques de ruthénium(II)". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30146.
Texto completoPolyazaaromatic ruthenium(II) complexes are photoreactive probes used in the area of DNA photosensitization. The work described here focus on the study of the reactivity of 3 complexes, Ru(bpz)32+, Ru(bipy)32+ and Ru(phen)32+ with DNA and a protein : Cu/Zn Superoxyde dismutase. Electron transfer processes and singlet oxygen production are 2 ways used by these complexes to induce DNA and protein oxidation. DNA plasmid cleavage, EPR, flash photolysis, UV and fluorescent spectroscopy were used to understand and establish the mechanisms involved in the reactions of ruthenium complexes in biological medium. Furthermore, the similitude between SOD and β-amyloid senile plaques allowed us to exhibit the interest of polyazaaromatic ruthenium complexes for the treatment and the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Yang, Qizhi. "Development & study of a new photocatalyzed mechanism of atom transfer radical polymerization". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH9453.
Texto completoSeveral mechanisms of controlled radical polymerization (CRP) under light irradiation have been recently developed. These approaches offer potentially numerous advantages, enabling especially to introduce in the mechanism of CRPs some features characteristic of photopolymerizations, such as the spatial and temporal controls of the reaction. The PhD work presented in this manuscript comes in this framework, aiming at developing and studying a new mechanism of photocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). After a bibliographic study presenting the state-of-the-art in the domain of CRPs under light irradiation (chapter 1), a bis(1,10-phenanthroline) copper (I) complex (Cu(I)) is used as catalyst for the synthesis of well-defined poly(methyl methacrylate)s by ATRP carried out under the irradiation of a low intensity blue LED lamp (chapter 2). The proposed mechanism implies the formation of the excited state Cu(I)* from Cu(I) under irradiation, followed by its oxidative quenching by the brominated compounds, generating the growing active species and the deactivator form of the complex Cu(II). The catalytic cycle is then completed by the addition of triethylamine as a reducing agent enabling the in situ regeneration of the activator form of the complex Cu(I), therefore leading to a faster polymerization. Glycidyl methacrylate is then considered as a comonomer playing simultaneously the role of a reducing agent (chapter 3). Well-defined functional copolymers, with a controlled distribution of epoxide side groups, are thus synthesized. Finally, the photocatalyzed ATRP mechanism is improved by developing a procedure permitting the in situ generation of the activator Cu(I) starting directly from an air-stable Cu(II) complex (chapter 4). The mechanism developed in this way exhibits a good tolerance to the presence of oxygen or inhibitor in the reaction medium. The effects of several parameters (light intensity, ligand concentration and nature of the solvent or counter-ion) are studied, suggesting a photo-induced ligand-exchange as an additional photochemical process implied in the studied photocatalyzed ATRP mechanism
Delecourt, Gwendoline. "Synthèse de nanoparticules monoplasmidiques pour le transfert de gènes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS002.pdf.
Texto completoSince 20th century, breakthrough in gene therapy paves the way for new therapeutic strategies against genetic disorders, cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Cells with genetic mutation may have their cellular machinery modulated via the introduction of polynucleotides in their nucleus. Nevertheless, DNA needs to be protected by a vector to cross biological barriers and to reach targeted cell nucleus. Various types of vectors have been developed like PEI-based vectors. However, those efficient polymeric vectors exhibit a toxicity which can be lowered by PEG functionalization. Nevertheless, the well-known PEGylation approach shows limits requiring news hydrophilic polymers. In this context, POxylation was studied as PEG alternatives in the design of new pDNA containing nanovectors. A new synthetic strategy was developed with a selective hydrolysis of block poly(2-R1-2-oxazoline-b-2-R2-2-oxazoline) copolymers. The functionalization of the synthetized PEI-b-POx copolymers with histidine moieties was achieved, along with galactose grafting to induce cellular targeting or histidine grafting to improve endosomal escape. These polymers were used to form polyplexes with DNA via extrusion method and further biological testing via in vitro and in vivo transfection essays were performed. An efficient transfection was obtained with a reduction of the cytotoxicity for PEI-b-POx copolymers compared to PEI
Manguian, Maggy. "Synthèses de copolymères amphiphiles cationiques par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : études de quelques propriétés en milieu aqueux". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066439.
Texto completoFerraro, Arcangela. "Conception, synthèse et étude de systèmes organiques à propriétés photochromes". Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12182.
Texto completoFerraro, Arcangela. "Conception, synthèse et étude de systèmes organiques à propriétés photochromes". Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10503.
Texto completoMatrab, Tarik. "Sels de diazonium pour l'amorçage de la polymérisation radicalaire par le transfert d'atome (ATRP) : une nouvelle méthode pour la modification de surfaces conductrices ou semi conductrices par des brosses de polymères". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077070.
Texto completoThis work describes the use of aryl diazonium salts to attach halogenated functional groups that initiate atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) at the surface of a variety of conductive and semi-conductive substrates. The interest of this procedure lie in the facts that aryl diazonium salts permit to graft highly dense initiators within a few minutes of surface treatment and subsequently promote the growth of densely packed polymer chains. Combining electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts and surface-initiated ATRP provides surface/polyphenylene/polymer hybrid structures where the polyphenylene interlayer consists in the polymerized form of the grafted aryl groups. Several brominated aryl groups were investigated for surface-initiating ATRP of classical vinyl monomers such as styrene, methylmethacrylates, buthylmethacrylates, and butylacrylates. This new approach was also shown to be effective in growing polymers chains based on hydrophilic polyglycidol macromonomers in view of controlling the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of surfaces. The "Diazo/ATRP" protocol can be applied to conductive substrates such as metals and carbon plates but proved to be versatile so that diamond thin films and carbon nanotubes were amenable to modification by polymer brushes using this same protocol
Portinha, Daniel. "Association supramoléculaire de copolymères à blocs à séquences poly(lactide) en solution : mise en évidence de la formation de nanoparticules". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066542.
Texto completoDouadi-Masrouki, Siham. "Synthèse et caractérisation de films composites dopés par des nanoparticules magnétiques". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066197.
Texto completoBertrand, Arthur. "Élaboration d'agents de transfert fonctionnalisés, précurseurs de copolymères supramoléculaires par liaisons hydrogène et interactions hôte/invité". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735755.
Texto completoRoudot, Patrick. "Contribution a l'etude de la conversion du charbon : synthese et reactivite de polymeres modeles". Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30002.
Texto completoBertrand, Arthur. "Élaboration d’agents de transfert fonctionnalisés, précurseurs de copolymères supramoléculaires par liaisons hydrogène et interactions hôte/invité". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0157/document.
Texto completoOver the past decade, some (rare) examples of block copolymers with supramolecular links between the building blocks have been described. Because the association between macromolecular blocks is a reversible process, such polymers are of great interest in the field of nanostructured materials, self-healing materials, or processing aid. The main goal of this work is to develop new supramolecular architectures, by a combination of RAFT polymerization and H-bonding. In a first step, several chain transfer agents and a radical initiator possessing complementary thymine or diaminopyridine H-bonding moeties were synthesized. These precursors were used to generate a panel of polymers α- or α,ω-functionalized with these H-bonding stickers in a quantitative manner. The self-assembly of the resulting polymer blocks was highlighted by 1H NMR, AFM and rheological measurements. This approach was subsequently adapted to the development of hydrophilic supramolecular comb-shaped polymers, based on the β-cyclodextrin/adamantane host/guest complexation
Houillot, Lisa. "Polymérisation par voie RAFT en dispersion organique : synthèse de copolymères à blocs et autoassemblage simultanés". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812126.
Texto completoBogaert, Stéphane. "Utilisation de systèmes chloronéodymocène-dialkylmagnésium en homo- et copolymérisation de l'éthylène et d'oléfines". Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-41-42.pdf.
Texto completoForero, Ramirez Laura Marcela. "Élaboration de nanocapsules par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée à partir d’un tensioactif réactif dérivé du dextrane". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0086/document.
Texto completoBiocompatible nanocapsules (NCs) for intravenous administration of hydrophobic anticancer agents were produced by interfacial Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization. Controlled growth of polymeric grafts constituting NCs shell was obtained using a multi-reactive dextran-based transurf called DexN3-τCTAγ (acting both as macroRAFT agent and surfactant) to mediate RAFT polymerization at the liquid/liquid interface. NCs composed of a hydrophobic polymer shell (poly(methyl methacrylate)), an oily liquid core (Miglyol®810) and a hydrophilic polysaccharide coating (dextran) were obtained. These nano-objects were characterized in terms of size, dextran coverage (density, thickness and stability), colloidal stability and morphology. Synthesis of NCs with a pH-sensitive polymer shell was approached. Finally, potential of these nano-objects for biomedical applications was evaluated by studies on different aspects: i) encapsulation and delivery of a model active substance, ii) NCs cytotoxicity, iii) NCs interactions with plasma proteins, and iv) surface functionalization of NCs by “click chemistry”
Maaz, Mohamad. "Surfaces fonctionnalisées pour la radiodécontamination". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS159/document.
Texto completoNuclear energy is the true engine of our modern day society and seen as the most efficient and clean form of energy. At the same time, it is the source of many concerns, with its highly radiotoxic waste produced by nuclear reactors and the public health and environmental risks that follow nuclear accidents. In this context, the aim of this project was to come up with new innovative materials, capable of efficiently trap radionuclides in contaminated aqueous media. A new polymer is reported and synthesized in solution as a free polymer, using the easy, cheap and fast metallic copper-mediated controlled radical polymerization (Cu0-CRP). The new polymer was also built from different substrates like PET and PVC, the latter being the most efficient. These new materials were later put to test and proved to be highly performing in trapping uranium and many lanthanides in water. These results have many implications in the nuclear industry. They can be used to harvest uranium from seawater as a future renewable energy source. They can also help the nuclear waste management industry. They are also a potential candidate for treating radio-contaminated environments and for radiodetoxification of living species, including humans
Van, Den Broek D'Obrenan Ghislain. "Adaptation du procédé RTM (Moulage par Transfert de Résine) à la mise en œuvre de matériaux composites à matrice thermoplastique". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715806.
Texto completoBoivin, Sylviane. "Modification chimique du polychloroformiate de vinyle dans les conditions de la catalyse par transfert de phase : étude d'un nouveau complexe de transfert de charge macromoléculaire à base de carbazole". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066482.
Texto completoZhang, Zhen. "Modification de la surface des nanocristaux de cellulose par estérification et polymérisation ATRP pour des applications avancées". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0653/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, the surface functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) by esterification and ATRP reactions was envisaged, with the objective to develop novel advanced materials. A convenient method to characterize the polymers grafted on CNC by Si-ATRP has been first developed, based on DLS, DSC and TGA analyses. The efficiency of the SI-ATRP and SI-ARGET ATRP methods to initiate the grating of polystyrene (PS) or poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) at the CNC surface were then compared. The pH-responsive P4VP-g-CNC nano-hybrids were subsequently utilized to stabilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in view of producing recyclable catalysts. The catalytic activity of the Au@P4VP-g-CNC material – tested with the reduction of 4-nitrophenol – was significantly improved compared with single AuNPs. UV-responsive poly(cinnamoyloxy ethyl methacrylate) (PCEM) polymers were also grafted on CNC, to produce particles with UV absorbing properties. The PCEM-g-CNC nano-hybrids obtained turned out to be efficient UV/thermal stabilizers and reinforcing agents in PVC films. Finally, a facile method to prepare colloidosomes from w/o inverse Pickering emulsions stabilized by cinnamate-modified CNC was proposed. Colloidosomes with robust shells and allowing the slow release of encapsulated molecules such as rhodamine B or fluorescent deoxyribonucleic acid were then obtained
Chevalier, Alain. "Contribution à l'étude par spectroscopie RPE et Mössbauer et de la stabilité de l'hémoglobine". Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD119.
Texto completoThe haemoglobin stability has been led through the action of agents capable of modifying it, that is to say either by denaturing agents (RX), and then we have studied the nature and the kinetics of the radiolysis products apparition, or by glutaraldehyde action which can work positively on the molecule by the polymerisation it realizes : we'll study with these cases the way polymerized haemoglobins properties and structure are modified. The intraglobular reduced Hb radiolysis leads to the formation of a ferric compound Hb02 which shows that apart from this last compound (denaturation ultimate state) deoxyhaemoglobin, methemoqlobin, hemi and haemachromes take form. Hb02 radio dissociation had never been observed since, until now, irradiation had been realized in aqueous solutions. Polymerisation stabilizes the globine and avoids haemachrome formation in limiting the globine movement. The polymerized haemoglobin forms Mössbauer spectra are explained by a charge transfer between iron and oxygen, and potential barrier diminution opposed to 02 rotation. The RPE spectra show that polymerisation introduces a diminution of the total distance (F8His)N-fe-NO with probably the iron leaving the heme plane. These structures modifications are correlated with those of haemoglobin function properties. They are compatible with the heme pocket opening as it is shown by the regeneration by polymerisation of methemoglobin denatured in hemichrome
Sanjuan, Sarah. "Interfaces stimulables à base de polyélectrolyte et de polyampholyte greffés". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066660.
Texto completoGuinaudeau, Aymeric. "Vers un développement durable de la polymérisation RAFT / MADIX : amorçage à basse température et milieux réactionnels respectueux de l'environnement". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30257.
Texto completoRAFT / MADIX reversible-deactivation radical polymerization has been oriented towards a sustainable industrial development. A kinetic study of chain transfer to RAFT / MADIX agent has been completed with an industrial xanthate for a wide range of monomers. It was demonstrated that transfer constants to RAFT / MADIX agent and interchange transfer constants allowed to explain and predict the evolution of number-average molecular weights and polydispersites during polymerization. Redox-initiated RAFT / MADIX polymerization of acrylamide was studied at low temperatures. It was shown that specific conditions were required to obtain very high controlled molecular weights (up to 106 g/mol). Subsequently, RAFT / MADIX polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone was reported in the same eco-friendly experimental conditions as acrylamide. The redox couple, solvent and reaction temperature had to be carefully chosen to control the polymerization and to synthesize original PVP-based block copolymers in water. Finally, RAFT / MADIX (co)polymerizations of many monomers have been studied and controlled in new environmentally friendly diester solvents
Roos, Kevin. "Polyethers and polyamide-3 synthesis by monomer activated anionic polymerization". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0331/document.
Texto completoThe studies presented in this thesis report on the use of the anionic polymerization with two different methodologies of monomer activation aiming to control the reactivity of monomers and/or growing species for the synthesis of polyethers and polyamide-3. New magnesium/aluminium active systems efficient for the anionic ringopening polymerization of substituted epoxides are proposed and developed. Cross-linkable polyethers were also synthesized by using the combination of tetraoctylammonium bromide with triisobutylaluminum. Furan groups or double bonds were introduced as pendant or inchain functions respectively in polyether-based materials. The so-formed polymers were cross-linked using reversible Diels-Alder reaction between furan and maleimide, and vulcanization for the double bonds. Finally, we investigated the mechanism of the hydrogentransfer polymerization of acrylamide in bulk conditions as a sustainable route to get polyamide-3
Van, den Broek d'Obrenan Ghislain. "Adaptation du procédé RTM (Moulage par Transfert de Résine) à la mise en œuvre de matériaux composites à matrice thermoplastique". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0112/document.
Texto completoThe "Resin Transfer Molding" (RTM) process is very largely used for the industrial production of composites materials with thermoset matrix. Indeed, it’s used by many fields such as the automotive and aeronautics. In this work we adapted this process to the manufacture of composite materials with thermoplastic matrix in order to answer the ecological and economic criteria imposed on industries. For that several steps were necessary. The first was the selection of a robust chemistry, adapted to the requirements of the process (low initial viscosity of the reactive system, polymerization time, etc). The selected chemistry, was the ring opening polymerization of ε - caprolactam to obtain polyamide-6 (PA-6). Rhéo-kinetics studies, as well as the physicochemical characterizations of a Pa-6 obtained at the laboratory were carried out. Following this step, tests in conditions of process were carried out with the use of dedicated pilot equipment. These tests were the source of modifications and optimizations of certain parameters of the process. The third step, consisted with the production of composite parts with a reinforcement of the type: unidirectional glass fabric. This production was followed mechanical and physico-chemical tests in order to evaluate the properties of these parts. Various sizing of the glass fabric were studied with, for objective, to determine which to offer the best properties. During this study we observed the low impact of the sizing on the chemistry of PA-6. To finish, we set up a reactive sizing which will allow a better interaction fibre/matrix
Gordin, Claudia. "Synthèses et caractérisations de copolymères à blocs et en étoile à partir de nouveaux amorceurs hétéromultifonctionnels". Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560130.
Texto completoLouisy, Elodie. "Synthèse de composites à matrice polylactide par procédé RTM (Resin Transfer Molding)". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R037/document.
Texto completoThis study deals with the development of polylactide based composites by RTM (Resin Transfer Molding). It focuses on the in-situ ring opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide in the RTM process in order to obtain, in a single step, a composite with a biobased, biodegradable and biocompatible matrix, presenting a good impregnation of the fibers by the matrix for a high reinforcement rate. First, preliminary mass polymerization tests (solvent-free) of L-lactide in flasks at the gram scale and in the absence of reinforcement were carried out. These experiments enable to choose the initial conditions enabling to reach high molecular mass PLLA matrices (Mn = 70 000 - 100 000 g.mol-1) containing the lowest residual L-lactide content (conversions up to 90 %). These characteristics are indeed essential to reach optimal thermomechanical properties of the PLLA matrix, suitable for composite applications. Polymerization tests on a gram scale in the presence of fibers of different kinds have then been carried out in order to evaluate their influence on the polymerization. Woven glass fibers display the least influence (conversion and molecular masses up to 90% and 70 000 g.mol-1, respectively). The experimental conditions determined above have been first transposed and adjusted for the production by RTM of polylactide/glass fiber composites obtained from L-lactide catalyzed by tin octoate. The RTM process was optimized by varying different experimental parameters such as the monomer mass, catalyst concentration, fiber quantity, tank heating, injection pressure and mold pressure and temperature. The physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the composites obtained were also studied. PLLA/glass fiber composites display conversions up to 95% and molar masses of up to 80 000 g.mol-1. The RTM conditions show no influence on the thermal (Tg = 50 °C; Tf = 170 °C) and structural (crystallization in the α phase) properties of the polylactide matrix. In addition, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of those composites can reach 200 MPa and 6 GPa respectively. The last part concerns the production of PLLA matrix composites by RTM process in the presence of catalysts presenting lower toxicity than tin octoate, the catalyst used industrially for the polymerization of L-lactide. Catalysts based on titanium, zinc, magnesium and calcium were consequently studied, but only the zinc catalyst leads to a material suitable for composite application (conversion and Mn up to 90% and 30 000 g.mol-1). Although the resulting mechanical properties are lower than those obtained with the tin catalyst (σ = 93 MPa and E = 3,3 GPa).Finally, the use of recycled fibers as the reinforcement instead of glass fibers was also studied in the presence of tin octoate. Although the high conversions (95-98%) and molar masses (Mn up to 60 800 g.mol-1) have been achieved, the resulting mechanical properties are much lower than those obtained in the presence of glass fibers (σ = 65 MPa and E = 2,2 GPa)
Zidelmal, Nacim. "SILIPOLYSALEN : étude du greffage par polymérisation contrôlée de complexes de salen sur silicium pour une application en catalyse asymétrique hétérogène". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS058.
Texto completoChiral metal complexes of salen type are known for their efficient catalytic activity leading to the preparation of enantioselective enriched synthons. In accordance with the concept of green chemistry, one of the main challenge is to establish a procedure for the recovery and reuse of these catalysts. In this context, the objective of this work is to functionalize the silicon surface by grafting these catalysts by controlled polymerization especially by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) to facilitate their recovery and reuse.Thus, styrene copolymers containing 5 to 50 mol % of an disymmetric salen comonomer were synthesized by ATRP in solution. The controlled nature of the polymerizations is obtained only when the incorporation of the salen comonomer is less than or equal to 10%.After complexation with cobalt, these complexes are shown to be capable of effective cooperative activation, leading to the targeted product with high yields and selectivities as catalysts in Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution (HKR) of epibromohydrin.Constantio Constantini fratre imperatoris, matreque Galla.We also reported the polymerization of styrene on the silicon surface by ATRP after grafting of the initiator. Several methods of initiator grafting have been used either directly from the hydrogenated surface or indirectly from an acid or ester surface. Styrene has been successfully mass polymerized in a controlled manner on silicon with thicknesses of 9-29 nm of the layer obtained by ellipsometry and Atomic Force Microscopy
Chabrol, Virginie. "Functionalized latex particles as substrates for metal mediated radical polymerization". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01012004.
Texto completoPlesu, Valentin. "Etude de la réticulation des résines thermodurcissables en prenant en compte le transfert thermique et la chaleur dégagée par l'acte réactionnel : modélisation et perfectionnement". Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET4014.
Texto completoLouisy, Elodie. "Synthèse de composites à matrice polylactide par procédé RTM (Resin Transfer Molding)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR037.
Texto completoThis study deals with the development of polylactide based composites by RTM (Resin Transfer Molding). It focuses on the in-situ ring opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide in the RTM process in order to obtain, in a single step, a composite with a biobased, biodegradable and biocompatible matrix, presenting a good impregnation of the fibers by the matrix for a high reinforcement rate. First, preliminary mass polymerization tests (solvent-free) of L-lactide in flasks at the gram scale and in the absence of reinforcement were carried out. These experiments enable to choose the initial conditions enabling to reach high molecular mass PLLA matrices (Mn = 70 000 - 100 000 g.mol-1) containing the lowest residual L-lactide content (conversions up to 90 %). These characteristics are indeed essential to reach optimal thermomechanical properties of the PLLA matrix, suitable for composite applications. Polymerization tests on a gram scale in the presence of fibers of different kinds have then been carried out in order to evaluate their influence on the polymerization. Woven glass fibers display the least influence (conversion and molecular masses up to 90% and 70 000 g.mol-1, respectively). The experimental conditions determined above have been first transposed and adjusted for the production by RTM of polylactide/glass fiber composites obtained from L-lactide catalyzed by tin octoate. The RTM process was optimized by varying different experimental parameters such as the monomer mass, catalyst concentration, fiber quantity, tank heating, injection pressure and mold pressure and temperature. The physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the composites obtained were also studied. PLLA/glass fiber composites display conversions up to 95% and molar masses of up to 80 000 g.mol-1. The RTM conditions show no influence on the thermal (Tg = 50 °C; Tf = 170 °C) and structural (crystallization in the α phase) properties of the polylactide matrix. In addition, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of those composites can reach 200 MPa and 6 GPa respectively. The last part concerns the production of PLLA matrix composites by RTM process in the presence of catalysts presenting lower toxicity than tin octoate, the catalyst used industrially for the polymerization of L-lactide. Catalysts based on titanium, zinc, magnesium and calcium were consequently studied, but only the zinc catalyst leads to a material suitable for composite application (conversion and Mn up to 90% and 30 000 g.mol-1). Although the resulting mechanical properties are lower than those obtained with the tin catalyst (σ = 93 MPa and E = 3,3 GPa).Finally, the use of recycled fibers as the reinforcement instead of glass fibers was also studied in the presence of tin octoate. Although the high conversions (95-98%) and molar masses (Mn up to 60 800 g.mol-1) have been achieved, the resulting mechanical properties are much lower than those obtained in the presence of glass fibers (σ = 65 MPa and E = 2,2 GPa)
Airaud, Cédric. "Couplage ROMP et ATRP en milieu dispersé aqueux : préparation et étude morphologique de particules polymères composites". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13698/document.
Texto completoSo as to broaden the scope of their applications in paints, coatings and impact-resistant plastics, many investigations have been dedicated to the preparation of nanostructured colloids over the past decades. Original morphologies including core-shell, hemispherical and complex occluded structures (raspberry-like, golf ball-like, octopus-like) can now be readily prepared. This work proposes a new straightforward one-pot, one-step, one-catalyst strategy to prepare polymer composite particles based on the simultaneous combination of two mechanistically distinct polymerizations in aqueous dispersed media. Norbornene (NB) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were converted via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) and Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), respectively. Two original routes, designed to ensure simultaneous ROMP and ATRP, respectively under mini- and microemulsion conditions, are proposed. Both are successively reviewed on chemical and colloidal levels. Specific attention is paid to the morphologies of the prepared particles
Fontanier, Jean-Charles. "Développement d'un système réactif pour composites acryliques par procédé RTM". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI024.
Texto completoNowadays, polymer matrix composites are widely used for aerospace, automotive, railway and sport industries. For similar structural properties, these materials coul be very attractive since they could be 30 to 40% lighter than metallic counterparts. In the current context of environmental development issues, thermoplastic-based composites, (in our case acrylic matrix based one), can be considered as they can be easily recycled as opposed to thermoset-based ones. Furthermore, they could exhibit good mechanical properties, i.e. stiffness and impact resistance, enabling them to be relevant for many applications. Manufacturing structural composites requires to produce parts without defects having complex geometries. For this purpose Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) has been selected to process such composites. Indeed, it corresponds to a low temperature closed-mold process allowing for manufacturing complex continuous fiber-based-reinforced parts. However, it requires precursors with a very low viscosity (η < 1 Pa.s) to ensure a good impregnation of the dry preform. To be cost effective, fast reactive systems have also to be selected. Thermoplastic polymers which own a very high viscosity in molten state cannot be directly used. Our strategy is to design an acrylic-based reactive formulation exhibiting a very low initial viscosity, i.e. about 100 mPa.s and which can subsequently polymerizes via a free radical mechanism once the mold is filled and the preform fully impregnated. Therefore, our main objective is to optimize curing conditions (especially thermal initiator ratios and temperature) of RTM-compatible acrylic-based reactive formulations to lead to suitable composite parts with high conversion rate, low residual monomer content and relevant process cycles