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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Polymère à empreintes ioniques"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Polymère à empreintes ioniques"
Moussa, Manel. "Développement de polymères à empreintes ioniques pour l'extraction sélective des lanthanides dans des échantillons environnementaux". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066585/document.
Texto completoThe analysis of the lanthanide ions present at trace level in complex environmental matrices requires often a purification and preconcentration step. The solid phase extraction (SPE) is the most used sample preparation technique. To improve the selectivity of this step, Ion Imprinted Polymers (IIPs) can be used as SPE solid supports. The aim of this work was the development of IIPs for the selective extraction of lanthanide ions from environmental samples. In a first part, IIPs were prepared according to the trapping approach using 5,7-dichloroquinoline-8-ol as non-vinylated ligand. For the first time, the loss of the trapped ligand during template ion removal and sedimentation steps was demonstrated by HPLC-UV. Moreover, this loss was not repeatable, which led to a lack of repeatability of the SPE profiles. It was then demonstrated that the trapping approach is not appropriate for the IIPs synthesis.In a second part, IIPs were synthesized by chemical immobilization of methacrylic acid as vinylated monomer. The repeatability of the synthesis and the SPE protocol were confirmed. A good selectivity of the IIPs for all the lanthanide ions was obtained. IIPs were successfully used to selectively extract lanthanide ions from tap and river water. Finally, IIPs were synthesized by chemical immobilization of methacrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine as functional monomers and either a light (Nd3+) or a heavy (Er3+) lanthanide ion as template. Both kinds of IIPs led to a similar selectivity for all lanthanide ions. Nevertheless, this selectivity can be modified by changing the nature and the pH of the washing solution used in the SPE protocol
René, William. "Polymères à empreintes ioniques fluorescents : un outil innovant pour la détection du plomb en milieu marin". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0012.
Texto completoIon imprinted polymers (IIP) are highly cross-linked porous materials with specific recognition cavities of a target ion. Thus, this kind of materials shows high selectivity. This work focuses on the preparation of fluorescent ion-imprinted polymers specific to lead (11), i.e. capable of transforming the ion recognition into a fluorescence signal, for the detection of this contaminant in marine environment. ln a first step, the strategy adopted was to select and synthesise a fluorescent ligand, specific to lead (11) and t study and use it for the preparation of the polymers. This ligand was modified to produce a styrene type fluorescent monomer (ANQ-ST). An exaltation of the fluorescence signal of ANQ-ST was observed along with lead Il addition. The second ste was dedicated to the develo ment of the lead Il ion-im rinted ol mers. Various parameters were tested: polymerization solvants, nature of crosslinking agent (EGDMA and DVB) and ANQ-ST/crosslinker ratio (2 % and 5% molar). A diversified panel of characterization techniques allowed to study the polymer structures and to evidence the integration of the functional monomer ANQ-ST inside the polymer matrix. The last step consisted in evaluating the performances of the IIPs for the detection of lead (Il) by fluorescence. The polymers prepared with EGDMA and 5 % of functional monomer showed the best results For these polymers, IIPs' fluorescence intensity in the presence of lead (11) was almost not impacted by the addition of interfering ion species, unlike their non-imprinted analogs. These results highlight the effectiveness of the imprinting effect. Calibration curves were established in aqueous media at different pH and in different matrices. Those parameters did not have major influences. The limits of detection obtained are below the World Health Organization recommendation (10 µg.L-1 ). These results were successfully validated by the detection of lead in natural samples, includinçi tests in marine media
El, Ouardi Youssef. "Bentonite et diatomite modifiées versus polymères à empreintes ioniques : vers de nouveaux matériaux pour l'extraction du nickel et de l'argent d'effluents contaminés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0013.
Texto completoThe brassware manufacturing of Fez city produces effluents that are very contaminated by metals such as nickel, silver, lead, copper and zinc. These effluents are directly discharged into the environment with a negative impact on the ecosystems and nearby wastewater treatment plant. Therefore, there is an urgent need for decontaminating these effluents before their treatment. In this context, the objectives of this work were the valorisation of natural mineral substances, bentonite and diatomite, widespread minerals in Moroccan soil although little exploited, for their use as adsorbent phases for nickel and silver extraction. A considerable part of this work has been directed toward modifying the physicochemical properties of these natural materials to maximize their adsorption capacity. In a first step, the modification of the diatomite was carried out by heating treatment at different temperatures (550 to 950 °C). The diatomite calcined at 550 °C showed the best adsorbing capacity towards nickel and silver. The second step was dedicated to the modification of the bentonite by heating treatment (550 °C and 750 °C) and chemical activation by sodium carbonate and by a combined chemical and thermal activation at 450 °C. Bentonites modified by chemical activation with sodium carbonate and by combined chemical and thermal activations at 450 ° C showed the best results. In addition, Ion Imprinted Polymers (IIPs) have been considered as alternative materials to replace these natural materials to improve the selectivity. The last part of this study consisted in comparing the performance of these materials, in order to select the best material for a future application in the remediation of contaminated effluents before their depollution by the treatment plant of Fez city. The nickel and silver concentrations become negligible in the natural samples after adsorption by the studied materials, which perfectly meets the Environmental Quality Standards. These results successfully validated the use of natural and synthetic materials for the extraction of nickel and silver from contaminated effluents
Sala, Alexandre. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères à empreintes ionique du cuivre pour la conception d'électrodes modifiées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0010.
Texto completoThe use of copper as a biocide in anti-fouling coatings on ships has led to its accumulation in harbour waters. The aim of this work is to develop electrochemical sensors for its detection in marine samples. For this purpose, copper(II)-imprinted polymers were prepared and used for the modification of electrodes.Firstly, imprinted polymer particles were synthesised using a cross-linking agent (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide) and a functional monomer, methacrylamido-L-histidine (MAH), which can form a complex with copper(II). The physico-chemical characterization of the polymer particles confirmed the integration of MAH and allowed to evaluate the morphological properties of the polymers.The copper(II) binding properties were then evaluated and the particles with the best performance were used to make carbon paste electrodes. These electrodes, with a detection limit of 5.9 x 10-2 μM (or 3.75 μg/L), allowed the determination of copper(II) in marine samples.Finally, new approaches for surface modification were explored for in situ polymer film formation. Thus, iniferters were grafted onto gold electrodes by the formation of self-assembled monolayers but also by electropolymerisation of a polymer with pendant iniferter functions. The latter route allowed the photopolymerisation of a copper(II)-imprinted polymer film on a carbon electrode
Bartkowski, Magali. "Polymère à empreintes moléculaires comme élément de reconnaissance dans un biocapteur". Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1775.
Texto completoSotta, Dane. "Liquides ioniques gélifiés pour les batteries lithium-ion". Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0115.
Texto completoLithium batteries are promising electrical energy storage devices for application in electric vehicles. In these systems the nature of the electrolyte is a key point to control the temperature range of use and the security conditions of the battery. In this context, this work is aimed at developing new gel polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. The first part of this study has been devoted to formulation and characterization of gelled electrolytes based on an epoxy-amine resin, an ionic liquid and a lithium salt. Physico-chemical properties of these ternary systems have been discussed according to their composition. Gels with high ionic liquid contents exhibit satisfactory ionic conductivity for the considered application. Gel polymer membranes have ben processed and coupled to insertion electrodes to study their electrochemical properties in appropriate prototype cells. In a parallel study, we have focused our investigation on transport properties of charged species in these gels. Besides classical measurements based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, several Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods have been implemented to study local and long range ion mobility. They have shown that particular interactions are established in the gels between the resin and the lithium ions with reduced mobility for the latter. This work has highlighted the link between molecular interactions and electrical properties in the ternary gels and thus it has enabled a better knowledge of the inner limitations of these systems. Finally, further routes have been proposed to optimize gel polymer electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries
Sahun, Maxime. "Développement d'un capteur à base de polymère à empreintes moléculaires pour la quantification de la sphingosine 1-phosphate libre et circulante comme biomarqueur du mélanome cutané". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30242/document.
Texto completoMelanoma is the most aggressive and severe form of cutaneous cancer due to its high metastatic potential. However, to date, no marker for the early detection of melanoma has been unanimously accepted. Our group has demonstrated that ceramide metabolism is strongly altered in melanoma, leading to the overproduction of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), one of its derivatives. S1P is secreted by melanoma cells and has been identified as a critical molecule of tumor microenvironment remodeling that supports cancer progression. Physiologically, circulating S1P is predominantly linked to high density lipoproteins (HDLs), low and very low density lipoproteins (LDLs and VLDLs), as well as albumin. Melanoma cells produce unbound S1P that could be responsible for the effects induced by this lysophospholipid on the tumor microenvironment, as a result of its binding to S1PR receptors present on the surface of stromal cells. Thus, secreted tumor S1P could represent a new biomarker for the early detection of melanoma. However, there are currently no means to quantify it. The goal of this interdisciplinary work was to develop a new sensor based on a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) in order to quantify unbound S1P present in the blood of melanoma patients. This study has been conducted between the "Engineering for Life science Applications (EliA)" group at the Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems (LAAS) and the "Sphingolipids, metabolism, cell death and tumor progression" group at the Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), in strong collaboration with the team "Biomimetism and Bioinspired Structures" of the University of Technology of Compiègne (UTC). First, we synthesized a new MIP against S1P employing a bulk thermopolymerization approach. The resulting MIP was characterized and optimized by performing both mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. It was compared to a Non Imprinted Polymer (NIP) and exposed to S1P analogues to assess its selectivity. Second, in order to use the MIP as the sensitive layer of a future sensor and prepare its immobilization and structuration onto a transducer, we synthesized a new surface photopolymerizable MIP. This MIP was first structured by photolithography onto silicon substrates and validated by fluorescence microscopy measurements. The MIP was also structured as a thin layer onto Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) chips in order to validate its binding capacities using this label-free method. Finally, the use of a MIP-coated optical fiber as an infrared sensor was explored, with the aim of detecting S1P in blood using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy
Colliat-Dangus, Guillaume. "Systèmes réticulés conducteurs ioniques pour application comme électrolyte gel polymère dans les supercondensateurs". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1212.
Texto completoIn order to offer an alternative to the supercapacitors based on aqueous liquid electrolytes that are produced by Hutchinson, this thesis has focused on the development of ionic gels composed of crosslinked polymers containing an ionic liquid phase, that can be used as electrolytes. So, the goal of this study has been to synthesize self-supported thin films (e = 100 µm) with high ionic conductivity.The first two synthesis strategies, respectively based on poly(1,2,3-triazolium)s networks and the crosslinking of polysiloxanes copolymers, did not lead to materials with satisfying properties for this application. So, a third synthesis pathway, based on the copolymerization of acrylate monomers in the presence of imidazolium ionic liquids was developed. As these ionogels were able to contain as much as 70 w% of this liquid phase, ionic conductivities of up to 10-3 S cm-1 at 30°C were obtained, while maintaining good mechanical stability at very low thickness. These electrolytes were characterized by electrochemical measures, and displayed the ability to function inside supercapacitive cells. However, low specific capacities were obtained, indicating that the electrodes’ porosity is only partially filled. Further work is necessary for the optimization of these ionogels, as well as the adaptation of the cells’ components, but these materials showed good potential nevertheless, as they allowed the preparation of functioning cells with the same dimensions as commercial devices
Plesse, Cédric. "Elaboration d'actionneurs à base de Réseaux interprénétrés de polymères contenant un polymère conducteur". Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CERG0198.
Texto completoThe present work deals with the synthesis of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) based on conducting polymer. An IPN is used in order to solve the interface and adhesion problems encountered with the multilayered based actuators. The IPNs are synthesized between poly(ethylene oxide) and polybutadiene networks in which the conducting polymer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), PEDOT, is gradually dispersed i. E. The content decreases from the outside towards the center of the film. The IPN and conducting IPN morphologies were investigated by DMA and microscopy. The choice of solid polymer electrolyte system is critical when operating in air. Aqueous solution or organic solvents containing electrolytes were first used, but drying process could not be prevented. The most promising results are obtained with a room temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI). These actuators can achieve more than 7 106 bendings from 1 to 18 Hz under an applied potential in the range of 2 to 5 V. In order to understand the mechanisms involved during the redox switching of PEDOT in EMITFSI, electrochemical studies of electrodeposited PEDOT were carried out in this ionic liquid. The ions transfer mechanisms were identified. Results indicated that 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation was the exchanged species during the oxidation. In this case, a volume decrease of the conducting IPN was observed during the oxidation process. Then, bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide anion could be viewed as immobile ions trapped in the polymer film. Moreover, the relaxation kinetics of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodeposited on platinum electrode surface were studied in the room temperature ionic liquid, EMITFSI, by means of large amplitude potential step experiments. The influence of the applied potential and the film thickness were analyzed. We have developed a kinetic model allowing the determination of the kinetic features. Finally, galvanostatic studies allow us to show that these conducting IPN actuators behave as a type I supercapacitor. A detailed analysis of the charging/discharging kinetics indicated that a linear correlation was shown between the electrical response (potential versus time) and the mechanical response (bending of the actuator)
Mba, Ekomo Vitalys. "Du polymère à empreintes moléculaires électrochimiques au capteur : Etude de faisabilité pour la détection du Bisphénol A". Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0010/document.
Texto completoMolecularly imprinted polymers are materials with specific recognition properties that can be used for the detection of a wide range of template. In recent years, many works have been reported on their use in sensors because of their capability to specifically bind a defined analyte.The aim of this work is to assign to the molecularly imprinted polymers redox properties in order to detect Bisphenol A (BPA) by using easy electrochemical techniques. These electroactive polymers are synthesizedby precipitation polymerization of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (Fc) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EDMA) in the presence of BPA for the imprinted polymer (e-MIP-Fc) and in its absence for the nonimprinted polymer (e-NIP-Fc). The copolymerization of the previous monomer with 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) leads to two other imprinted (e-MIP-Fc-VP) and non-imprinted (e-NIP-Fc-VP) polymers. The resulting polymers are characterized in batch using LC-MS and have ability to recognize BPA with an imprinting factor of 2.5 and 1.3 respectively for e-MIP-Fc-VP and e-MIP-Fc the proving the recognition efficiency ofthese polymers. Their cyclic voltammetry recording confirm first, the good integration of the redoxferrocenyl monomer inside the polymers e-MIP/e-NIP during the polymerization, and on the other hand,the capability of these polymers to reveal the presence of BPA in the solution. The e-MIP-Fc particles were then integrated inside devices like microelectrode and OECT (Organic ElectroChemical Transistor). The first results, even if they must be confirmed, are positive regarding the modification of the electrical properties of these devices in the presence of BPA. The e-MIP-Fc-VP particles, after mixing with a carbon paste, were screen-printed to obtain a modified working electrode in a screen-printed electrode device. This electrode enable the recognition of BPA with limits of detection and quantification of 60 pM and 190 pM respectively, for a concentration range between 0.15 and 1.84 nM, thus opening up interesting perspectives for the detection of BPA in aqueous medium