Tesis sobre el tema "Polymérase de la grippe"
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Monod, Alexandre. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de l'ARN-polymérase du virus de la grippe". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV045/document.
Texto completoInfluenza A virus is a negative single stranded RNA virus that replicates in the nucleus of infected cells. Its genome contains eight single stranded negative-sense RNA segments (vRNA) covered by the viral nucleoprotein (NP). The highly conserved 3' and 5' ends of the vRNA are bound to the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) which consists of three subunits, PA, PB1 and PB2. The complex between vRNA, NP and the RdRp forms a particle called ribonucleoprotein (RNP). The RNP acts as an independent molecular machine for transcription and replication in the nucleus. Within the context of the RNP, these two processes are mediated by the RdRp. The influenza A RdRp complex has been remarkably intractable to structural analysis and in the last eight years, crystal structures of independent domains covering roughly half of the heterotrimeric RdRp have been determined. In addition, electron microscopy reconstructions have described the RdRp. Nonetheless, a complete model characterizing the RdRp as a whole is still lacking. To overcome this issue, a new strategy has been developed to obtain the RdRp heterotrimeric complex using the baculovirus infected cells expression system. This method has produced a truncated form of the flu A RdRp which has been studied from a structural and functional point of view. Several three-dimensional reconstructions by electron microscopy have been obtained and a crystal structure at low resolution (7,7 Å) has been solved. Functional studies focused on the activities carried by the truncated RdRp and a particular emphasis was placed on the study of the interactions with RNA. In vitro functional data showed highly metal ion-dependent activities. To know more about the subcellular metal context, metallic ions distribution in influenza A infected cells has been studied by X-ray microscopy giving the opportunity to integrate biochemical and biophysical data in the context of the whole cell
Lukarska, Mariya. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de l'intéraction entre la polymérase d'influenza et la machinerie cellulaire de transcription". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV031.
Texto completoInfluenza is an infectious disease causing seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics, which are a significant health burden for the global human population. The causative agent, influenza virus, is a negative-strand segmented RNA virus. Each segment of the viral genome is transcribed and replicated by a virally-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in the nucleus of the infected cell. In order to produce a functional viral messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be processed by the cellular translation machinery, influenza polymerase employs a mechanism called‘cap-snatching’. The viral polymerase binds to a nascent, capped transcript, produced by the cellular RNA polymerase II, cleaves it shortly after the cap and uses it as a primer for the transcription of its own genomic segments. Viral transcription is therefore functionally dependent on cellular transcription. The studies described in this thesis aimed to investigate the interaction between influenza polymerase and the cellular transcription machinery. The main focus was to characterize structurally and functionally the association of influenza polymerase with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II, which serves as a scaffold for coordinating co-transcriptional events during mRNA synthesis and processing. Crystal structures of influenza A and B polymerase bound to phosphorylated peptides mimicking the CTD of RNA polymerase II gave new insight on how the viral polymerase directly recognizes the transcribing cellular polymerase. Moreover, disrupting this interaction was found to be severely detrimental to viral replication, confirming the essentiality of this association. In the second part of this work, an active cap-snatching complex was assembled in vitro and characterized functionally. This comprised a reconstituted RNA polymerase II elongation complex with emerging capped transcript and phosphorylated CTD with bound and transcriptionally active influenza polymerase. Additionally, the interaction of the viral polymerase with two factors involved in the regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II, DRB sensitivity-inducing factor and Tat stimulatory factor 1, was analyzed biochemically. Overall, the work presented here gives insights into the mechanism of recruitment of the influenza polymerase to the cellular transcription machinery and shows that the association of the viral and cellular polymerase is essential for the viral replication. Targeted disruption of this interaction is therefore a promising avenue for the design of novel anti-influenza drugs
Swale, Christopher. "RNA binding and assembly of human influenza A virus polymerases". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV053/document.
Texto completoInfluenza A virus is a negative-strand RNA virus belonging to the Orthomyxoviriadea family whose replication occurs in the nucleus of infected cells. The genome organisation of influenza virus is segmented in eight vRNA segments of negative polarity coding for at least 16 different viral proteins. Each vRNA is bound to multiple copies of nucleoprotein (NP) and to the heterotrimeric RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase complex (PA, PB1 and PB2) through its 5' and 3' extremities. This macromolecular assembly (vRNA/polymerase/NP) forms the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle, which acts as a separate genomic entity within the virion. The RNP complex is at the core of viral replication and in the context of RNPs, the polymerase performs both transcription and replication of the vRNA genome. As such, the polymerase constitutes a major antiviral drug target. The research work presented within this thesis focuses on the underlying determinants of the RNA polymerase assembly process and its interaction with its vRNA genome. To fulfill these goals, our lab, in collaboration with other groups, has set up a novel polyprotein expression system to express the polymerase but also to reconstitute polymerase and cellular partner complexes, notably RanBP5, which belongs to the importin-β family
Boulo, Sébastien. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de la nucléoprotéine et de la polymérase du virus de la grippe en association avec leur transporteur nucléaire humain". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356602.
Texto completoBoulo, Sébastien. "Études structurales et fonctionnelles de la nucléoprotéine et de la polymérase du virus de la grippe en association avec leur transporteur nucléaire humain". Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/35/66/02/PDF/These_Sebastien_BOULO.pdf.
Texto completoThe virus of influenza is a negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the family of Orthomyxoviridae and represents one of the rare RNA viruses to replicate in the nucleus. The ribonucleoprotein particles (RNP) contain the viral RNA, protected by the nucleoproteins (NP) and associated with the RNA viral polymerase (subunits PB1, PB2 and PA). Using biochemical and biophysical tools, we have studied the interaction of the nucleoprotein not only with the viral RNA but also with its human nuclear transporter importin alpha 5. Besides, we have solved the crystallographic structure of a domain of the polymerase (PB2) in complex with importin alpha 5. Our results enable us to better understand the interactions between viral proteins and host proteins and thus, to understand why some amino-acids in the avian influenza virus increase the virulence of the virus in humans
Andrieux, Florian. "Rôle de la protéine PB1 dans la fidélité du complexe polymérase des virus influenza". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC216/document.
Texto completoInfluenza type A viruses (IAVs) belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family. The genome of these enveloped viruses consists of 8 single-stranded RNA segments of negative polarity. Each segment is encapsidated by oligomers of the nucleoprotein (NP) and associated with the viral polymerase complex, a heterotrimer composed of the PB1, PB2 and PA subunits to form the viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs). The PB1 protein is the catalytic subunit of the polymerase complex, harboring the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. The vRNP represents the minimal functional unit for transcription and replication of the viral genome. Given the low fidelity and lack of proofreading activity of their polymerase, IAVs have a high mutation rate leading to the rapid development of viral populations with high genetic diversity, called quasispecies. Recent studies identified mutants with increased replication fidelity, due to single mutations in the PB1 subunit. As described with other RNA viruses, different mutations could have similar effects on the activity of the viral polymerase. To improve the characterization of the PB1 protein, we searched for other positions that may have a role on polymerase fidelity, nucleotide selectivity or complex processivity. For this purpose, random mutagenesis was used to generate libraries of mutated PB1 from influenza A virus subtypes H3N2 and H1N1pdm09, currently circulating in humans. From these libraries, transient reconstitution of functional vRNPs (minigenome) experiments were performed with ribavirin, a mutagenic nucleoside analog, to evaluate the polymerase activity. Upon selection based on the polymerase activity of successively subdivided libraries, PB1 mutations with increased polymerase activity in the presence of ribavirin relative to wild-type were identified in several regions of PB1. These mutations were specifically re-introduced in PB1 by directed mutagenesis. Their impact on polymerase activity was evaluated by minigenome experiments with and without ribavirin. Mutations with confirmed resistance against ribavirin were then introduced in the context of infectious virus by reverse genetics. Most corresponding mutant viruses could be rescued. Their growth characteristics were analysed in MDCK cells and compared to the corresponding wild-type viruses, in the presence or absence of ribavirin. Two mutants carrying two different mutations, located in distinct regions of the PB1 protein, displayed an improved capacity to resist ribavirin relative to the wild-type virus. Viral populations genetic diversity analysis by next-generation sequencing, using Illumina technology, will confirm whether the observed resistance against ribavirin is linked to an increase of the viral polymerase fidelity. This study provides insights into the PB1 domains involved in the activity and potentially the viral replication fidelity of two influenza A virus subtypes
Dias, Alexandre. "Études structurales et fonctionnelles de la sous-unité PA du complexe polymérasique du virus influenza". Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10292.
Texto completoThe influenza virus polymerase is a heterotrimeric complex composed of PA, PB1 and PB2 subunits. This complex is dedicated to replication and transcription of the viral genome, inside the nuclear compartment. Despite much research performed on the polymerase, the only structural data available on this complex are reconstructions made by electronic microscopy. Recently, our laboratory has initiated a structural and functional project on this complex, which led to the structure determination of several PB2 domains. My thesis work led to the structure determination of another domain from the PA subunit: the N-terminal domain encompassing the 209 first residues. We have shown that this domain shares structural similarities with type Il restriction enzymes and that it possesses nuclease activity (DNase and RNase). Indeed, this domain belongs to the PD-D/EXK enzyme family. This work, together with structural data collected on PB2, gives a better view of the cap-snatching mechanism, which is specifie of the influenza virus. Eventually, the availability of the structure of the enzymatically active PA-Nter domain should aid the design of a specifie inhibitor of the influenza virus endonuclease
Richard, Marie-Claude. "L'ADN polymérase B d'embryon de blé : une DNA polymérase delta végétale". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR22028.
Texto completoSoerensen, Claudiana. "O Mez da Grippe". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/19927.
Texto completoRéminiac, Erwann Le Borgne Marc. "Aviculture et grippe aviaire". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=41511.
Texto completoChen, Kuang-Yu. "Mechanistic study and prediction of influenza A virus genetic reassortment". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4762&f=29825.
Texto completoThe segmented nature of the genome of influenza A viruses (IAVs) allows rapid evolution by genetic reassortment. Although the theoretical number of genotypes that can emerge from reassortment between two viruses is 256 (28), the full panel of different genotypes was never observed and certain genes tend to co-segregate, suggesting that genetic reassortment is biased. However, to date, the constraints that shape genetic reassortment remain largely unknown. The objective of my project is to make progress in understanding the rules underlying genetic reassortment in order to improve our capacity to predict reassortment among co-circulating IAVs.First, we investigated the incompatibility between non-cognate subunits of the influenza polymerase complex (FluPol) brought together by genetic reassortment. Indeed, we observed that a 7:1 reassortant virus whose PB2 segment derives from the A/WSN/33 (WSN) virus in an otherwise A/PR/8/34 (PR8) backbone was attenuated, despite a 97% identity between the PR8- and WSN-PB2 proteins. Independent serial passages led to the selection of phenotypic revertants bearing distinct second-site mutations on PA, PB1 and PB2. The constellation of mutations present on the revertant viruses was studied using reverse genetics and cell-based reconstitution of the viral polymerase. For each revertant virus, at least one mutation was located at the FluPol dimerization interface and was found to regulate the levels of FluPol dimer. For one of them, PA-E349K, a major role in correcting an initial defect in viral replication (cRNA -> vRNA) was demonstrated. Hence, our results show that the FluPol subunits co-evolve not only to ensure optimal inter-subunit interactions but also proper levels of dimerization of the heterotrimer, essential for efficient viral RNA replication. Thus, we suggest that FluPol dimerization is one of the factors that can restrict the outcome of genetic reassortment.In parallel, in order to study the outcome of genetic reassortment comprehensively and achieve adequate statistical power, we aimed at adapting a proven droplet-based microfluidic single-cell RNA-seq system for customized high-throughput massively parallelized targeted sequencing of > 105 reassortant IAVs. For a proof-of-concept, two circulating seasonal viral strains were chosen and gene specific primers targeting their eight segments were designed, tested and optimized. From a preliminary compartimentalized control experiment, we found that single cell information was well preserved but that segment and strain detection were imbalanced. New primers were designed and alternative amplification strategies were implemented and optimized. A new control experiment will be performed prior to analysis of reassortment between the two seasonal strains and validation of the data by comparison with surveillance data. Once validated, our system will be applied to genetic reassortment between human seasonal viruses and animal viruses of zoonotic interest. In the long term, the data generated through our platform should help understanding the mechanism of IAV genetic reassortment and become a valuable predictive tool added to the Pandemic Influenza Risk Assessment Tools for pandemic preparedness
Chevalier, Philippe. "Contribution à la surveillance épidémiologique de la grippe : l'expérience du groupe régional d'observation de la grippe aquitain". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25420.
Texto completoDegans, Cécile. "Les vaccins antigrippaux : les produits et le marché en France en 1991". Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P041.
Texto completoRioux, Denise. "La grippe espagnole à Sherbrooke en 1918". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11145.
Texto completoÅman, Margareta. "Spanska sjukan : den svenska epidemin 1918-1920 och dess internationella bakgrund /". Stockholm : Almqvist och Wiksell, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35512986n.
Texto completoWitte, Wilfried. "Erklärungsnotstand : die Grippe-Epidemie 1918-1920 in Deutschland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Badens /". Herbolzheim : Centaurus, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41043414z.
Texto completoBeckouet, Frédéric. "Les sous unités spécifiques de l'ARN polymérase I". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553144.
Texto completoKoutsandreou, Alexandre. "La grippe en pédiatrie : étude épidémiologique C.H.U. Montpellier : hiver 93-94". Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON11169.
Texto completoMontmartin, Philippe. "Tolérance de la vaccination anti-grippale : à propos d'une étude rétrospective sur 741 vaccinations, dans le département de la Loire". Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET6226.
Texto completoLecuyer, Luc. "Surveillance épidémiologique de la grippe dans les armées". Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25316.
Texto completoViboud, Cécile. "Prédictions épidémiologiques de la grippe en zones tempérées". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066333.
Texto completoSalez, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude séro-épidémiologique de la grippe". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5005/document.
Texto completoIn late April 2009, news swine-origin A/H1N1 influenza virus cases were confirmed in Mexico and the United States. Quickly, it was spread worldwide causing the first flu pandemic of the 21st century. Different works presented in this thesis describe the means used to obtain information to estimate the actual attack rate of this new virus, and information on risk populations. During the first months, we have established a serology platform including a reception-processing samples laboratory for implementing our hémagglutination Inhibition technique (IHA). Processing of 40,000 sera from several parts of the world: France, Bolivia, Djibouti, Mali, Reunion and Laos, has allowed the analysis of serological data and their comparison. Our serological studies of influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 show that 10% to 40% of people tested were infected with this new virus after the first wave in 2009. The highest attack rates were observed in children and young adults, while the elderly were relatively spared because they were already protected again antigenic close viruses that circulated before 1957 (pandemic and / or seasonal). The analysis of serological data were also used to try to identify the risk factors for A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. It appears that infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was ubiquitous on the French territory, whatever the socio-demographic factors, and the Flu virus transmission can probably conditioned by the environmental and hygienic conditions in household
Da, Silva Daniel. "Caractérisation des deux isoformes de l’ARN Polymérase III Humaine". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21908/document.
Texto completoTranscription in eukaryotic nuclei is carried out by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II, and III. Human RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes small untranslated RNAs that include tRNAs, 5S RNA, U6 RNA, and some microRNAs. Increased Pol III transcription has been reported to accompany or cause cell transformation. In the laboratory, we described a Pol III subunit (RPC32β) that led to the demonstration of two human Pol III isoforms (Pol IIIα and Pol IIIβ). RPC32β-containing Pol IIIβ is ubiquitously expressed and essential for growth of human cells. RPC32α-containing Pol IIIα is dispensable for cell survival, with expression being restricted to undifferentiated ES cells and to tumor cells. In this regard, and most importantly, ectopic expression of RPC32α in fibroblast IMR90 enhances cell transformation and dramatically changes the expression of several tumor-related mRNAs and that of a subset of Pol III RNAs. These results identify a human Pol III isoform and isoform-specific functions in the regulation of cell growth, the differentiation and transformation. (Haurie et al., 2010).The work described in this manuscript enables identification and understanding the function of the two human Pol III isoforms. Pol IIIα and Pol IIIβ are purified in order to describe all the protein components of the two Pol III complex. During this study, we observed that post-translated modifications of RPC32α seem to have a crucial function in oncogenic capacity of Pol IIIα. To understand how Pol IIIα and Pol IIIβ can affect Pol II RNA expression, in particular during cell transformation induced by RPC32α, we studied this regulation during the overexpression of the two paralogue subunits. We performed focused analysis, this study revealed the regulation of certain genes involved in the development, the differentiation and the tumorigenesis. We also tried to describe global gene expression modification using microarray technology. This new and powerful approach enables to obtain a global view on mRNA regulation by overexpression of RPC32α and RPC32β. We observed the effect of Pol III on embryo development, cell differentiation, cell survival, tumor proliferation and on innate immune response. The results of this study need further confirmation pave the way for interesting projects which are worth going into detail for the future
Touitou, Robert Cohen Robert. "Intérêt des tests de diagnostic rapide de la grippe chez l'enfant dans la prise en charge des syndromes grippaux ou de la fièvre isolée en période de circulation des virus de la grippe". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0236140.pdf.
Texto completoPrel, Anne. "Les infections à influenzavirus de sous-types H5 chez des canards domestiques : étude des possibilités de prévention par la vaccination avec des pseudoparticules virales". Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S058.
Texto completoH5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses can mutate into highly pathogenic (HP) and lead to serious problems in both animal and public health. Domestic ducks playing a pivotal role in the transmission cycle of H5 LPAI viruses, it’s essential to control and prevent the circulation and spread of these viruses in this species. A few inactivated and recombinant vaccines have been assessed in ducks, mainly for preventing HP H5N1 influenzavirus. Nevertheless, H5 LPAI virus duck vaccination is poorly documented. We generated a triple recombinant baculovirus allowing the expression of HA, NA and M proteins. The protection afforded by cell lysate expressing three recombinant proteins was assessed in Muscovy ducks against H5N3 LP virus challenge. A significant decrease of cloacal shedding and a delayed peak of tracheal shedding were observed. To improve the VLPs formation, triple recombinant plasmid was modified. HA and NA were present on the VLPs surface and were biologically active and antigenic. A quadruple recombinant baculovirus was generated by adding the M2 gene, and VLPs formation was confirmed. The protection afforded by the two types of VLPs will have to be evaluated
Spiluttini, Béatrice. "Interaction du snARN U1 de l'épissage avec l'ARN polymérase II". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814598.
Texto completoAndraos, Nathalie. "Etudes Structurales et Biochimiques de l'ADN Polymérase du Bactériophage T5". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066352.
Texto completoBussetta, Cécile. "Etudes structurales de la polymérase du virus de l'hépatite C". Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22106.pdf.
Texto completoThe Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is responsible of acute and chronic hepatitis that may lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. The HCV polymerase (HCV-pol) is an important target for antiviral therapies. First, we develop a screening method to search new inhibitors. Then, in absence of structural data on the replication complex, we report 3D models that are important for the interpretation of biochemical data. Moreover, I develop a crystallization protocol leading to the resolution of HCV-pol structure. It constitutes the base to obtain complexes structures with substrates or inhibitors. In parallel, we carry through the first structural analysis of HCV-pol in solution, using Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) in combination with X-ray crystallography and Normal Mode Analysis. We could thus assess the dimeric state, the conformation and the flexibility of HCV-pol at the atomic scale and propose a structural model of HCV-pol in solution
Hazoumé, Adonis. "Contribution à l’étude de l’ARN polymérase II de Plasmodium falciparum". Strasbourg 1, 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/HAZOUME_Adonis_2008.pdf.
Texto completoThe parasite Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of the most burdensome form of human malaria. His RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is responsible for transcription of protein coding genes. The sequencing of the full genome of the parasite enabled us to recover a complete set of genes sequences encoding the putative RNAPII subunits of the parasite. We have cloned those subunits by genetic reconstitution. We investigated the functional conservation of the Plasmodium RNAPII subunits using a genetic test in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The subunits PfRPB4-5-7-9 and 12 can complement defective yeast mutants. Those results demonstrate that those subunits are orthologs of yeast conterparts. We establish then some stable yeast strains expressing Plasmodium proteins. No interspecific complementation was observed for the subunits PfRPB3-6-8-10-11. We construct viable yeast strain where the residus implicated in the interaction of the mushrom toxin alpha-amanitin where substituted by their homologs in Plasmodium and human. We screen those strains with a chemical compounds library. We don’t find any drug enable to distinguish the modified strains from wild-type one. But this screen, consisting in a simple cellular test and easy to perform, could permit to identify drugs that inhibit the transcriptional activity of the parasite enzyme. Those chemical compounds will the fist step towards the discovery of a potential new class of antimalarials drugs. In this work, we also study the human RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) hRPB11a subunit. We performed an interaction analysis using the two hybrid-system in yeast. The results confirmed that hRPB11a was indeed capable of interacting with itself. We were able to crystallise the purified hRPB11a subunit. The X-ray diffraction patterns at 3,4 Å resolution allows to infer the structure of an homodimer of the hRPB11a protein
Hieronimus, Marc. "Krankheit und Tod 1918 : zum Umgang mit der Spanischen Grippe in Frankreich, England und dem Deutschen Reich /". Münster [u.a.] : LIT, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015031604&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Texto completoJeannot, Anne-Cécile. "Diagnostic des infections grippales par PCR temps réel". Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR2P040.
Texto completoFlicoteaux, Rémi. "Adhérence des patients et des médecins aux traitements anti grippaux préventifs et curatifs : de la grippe saisonnière à l’épisode grippe pandémique 2009(H1N1)pdm09". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC143/document.
Texto completoIn recent years there have been an increased interest in the scientific community for studying how patients conform, or not, to their corresponding prescribed or recommended therapies. Recent data from evaluation of vaccination policy made very clear that those behaviors have to be seen as a component of the strong relation that patients engage with their physician. They are also playing a strong role in the evaluation of treatment efficacy. Indeed the lack of measure and control of adherence to the evaluated intervention,especially in ambulatory medicine, can lead to major bias in the analysis that would give a measure of efficacy. In the context of influenza, those behaviors can have a strong impact on the epidemiology of the disease in a seasonal epidemic context and during pandemics.They concern both the acceptability of vaccination and the adherence to anti-viral therapy. We studied those dimensions through two studies, one survey of general practitioners upon the pandemic vaccinatio, and an analysis of patient adherence to antivirals. Due to its epidemic characteristics, influenza is concerned by global policies, and through those studies we discuss the relationship between those policies and patient’s adherence, and how they make a link between seasonal epidemic and pandemic
Benabad, Zakia. "Rôle de la sous-unité sigma de l'ARN polymérase bactérienne dans la tolérance aux antibiotiques". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT064/document.
Texto completoThe RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the central enzyme for genes expression. All forms of life own RNAP. It is a multi-protein complex composed of several subunits responsible of the process of the transcription. The prokaryotes have only one type of RNAP responsible of synthesis of all RNAs in the cells, whereas eukaryotes have three types of RNAPs for the synthesis of the various types of RNAs.RNAP is the target of a large number of proteins and small regulatory molecules including antibiotics used the treatment of various infectious diseases. The sigma subunit of the bacterial RNAP is implicated in all steps of transcription initiation which is the crucial point of genes expression.For example some of the sigma subunits activate genes of virulence in pathogenic bacteria and are implied in the persistence which is a form of survival to the antibiotic treatments.This project aimed to explore the role of the sigma subunits of RNAP bacterial polymerase in resistance to the lipiarmycine (Fidaxomicin). We used biochemical approaches, biophysics and genetics for the study of the dynamic of the interactions DNA-protein in the complexes formed by RNA polymerase, the antibiotic and the promoter DNA. The results of our study show that sensitivity of RNAP to the drug strongly depends on the structure of the sigma region 3.2 and that the regions 1.2 and 3.2 of the sigma subunit are implied in the formation of the RNAP-promoter open complex. Mutations in these regions allosterically affected action of lipiarmycin by impairing the formation of the open complex.These results suggest that conformation and mobility of the region 3.2 depend on its sequence. The outcomes of our work could be used for development of new more effective drugs and could help to progress the studies of the fundamental mechanisms of the transcription
DRILLAT, DOMINIQUE. "Contribution a l'etude de l'efficacite de la vaccination anti-grippale chez les personnes agees : a propos de 19 cas". Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU31097.
Texto completoBaron, Geneviève. "La vaccination contre l'influenza chez les médecins omnipatriciens du Québec". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Buscar texto completoBonnafous, Pierre. "Fusion membranaire induite par l'hémagglutinine du virus de la grippe". Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30196.
Texto completoRIGOLET, PASCAL. "Etude structurale de deux hemagglutinines du virus de la grippe". Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112088.
Texto completoVoirin, Nicolas. "Analyse et modélisation de la transmission de la grippe nosocomiale". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10151.
Texto completoThe consequences of outbreaks of nosocomial influenza (NI) for patients in terms of morbidity and mortality are an issue of concerned. However, clinical presentation of cases, frequency of infection, risk of infection among patients, transmission and the most adapted control measures remain poorly understood. An original analysis of the literature allowed synthesizing the knowledge on NI. Then on the basis of a prospective study conducted during 3 influenza seasons from 2004 to 2007, we report a description of clinical cases of NI observed at the Edouard Herriot hospital in Lyon. Then, we developed a statistical model to analyze the risk of NI among patients and we apply this model on data from over 21,500 patients. Factors influencing the transmission were studied by simulating the spread of influenza virus in a hospital unit using a mathematical model. We show that identifying cases of influenza in the hospital without a systematic virological screening is difficult. The risk for the patient to present influenza like illness was 2 times higher in hospital than in the community. Furthermore, the risk was 5 to 35 times higher when a patient was exposed to other contagious patients or health care workers during his hospitalization. Transmission from patient to patient seemed to be a major route of transmission. The approach used in this work could be adapted and the statistical tools could be extended to study of the dynamics and control of nosocomial infections
Bloyet, Louis-Marie. "Formation et régulation du complexe polymérase du virus de la rougeole". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1065/document.
Texto completoThe Mononegavirales order contains several pathogens like measles, rabies, mumps and Ebola viruses. These viruses share numerous homologous molecular mechanisms and in particular they have a highly conserved RNA synthesis machinery that is unique in the living world. Indeed, the polymerase complex, composed of the polymerase (L) and the phosphoprotein (P), uses a template of RNA recovered by a sheath made of nucleoproteins. The formation of the complex was investigated and the chaperone protein HSP90 (Heat Shock Protein of 90 kD) was shown to be required for the formation of the complex. The inhibition of HSP90 activity induces the ubiquitinylation and the degradation of the L protein by the proteasome. Both P and HSP90 are required to form stable, soluble and functional polymerase complexes. The domains of P involved in the formation of the complex have been mapped and they show that the interplay between P and L is complex with at least three identified functions: binding, folding and function of the polymerase complex. Finally, an interaction between P and the viral C protein, known to inhibit the viral RNA synthesis, have been identified, mapped and allows new perspectives concerning the molecular mechanism underlying its inhibitory effect
D'Amours, Damien. "Protéolyse de la poly(ADP-ribose) polymérase par les protéases apoptotiques". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26184.pdf.
Texto completoSourimant, Julien. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la polymérase du virus respiratoire syncytial". Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS019V.
Texto completoRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of calves bronchopneumonia andinfants bronchiolitis. Neither vaccine nor antiviral treatments are currently available for use inhumans. Viral genome is replicated and transcribed by a set of viral proteins constituting theviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex: the nucleoprotein (N), thephosphoprotein (P), the transcription factor (M2-1) and the large subunit (L). This workaimed to unveil new structural and functional data regarding the viral RdRp, especially the PLcouple. With this aim in view, I have first conceived a protocol to produce and purifyrecombinant L and P proteins expressed in insect cells. This tool enabled the fine mappingand characterization of the L binding domain of the RSV phosphoprotein. This highlightedthe interaction between the L protein and the C-terminal region of the P protein, especiallyresidues 216 to 239. Further data suggests that this area constitutes an alpha helix formingmolecular recognition element (« MoRE ») during P-L interaction. Furthermore, this studyunveiled a new region of the P protein encompassing residues 164 to 205, involved in therecruitment of L protein to viral inclusion bodies. These new results open the way toupcoming structural studies of RSV RdRp and allow us to define a new target for thedevelopment of antiviral drugs against RSV
Motard, Julie. "Sélection de promoteurs ARN reconnus par l'ARN polymérase de Escherichia coli". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3928.
Texto completoGerlach, Piotr. "La structure et la fonction de la polymérase d'orthobunyavirus La Crosse". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV013/document.
Texto completoViruses are not more than particles composed of lipids and/or proteins with genetic information – the viral RNA or DNA genome – embedded inside. In order to be efficient, once they enter the host cell they need to multiply this genetic information, package it into new viral particles and spread out from the cell. While in order to produce viral proteins viruses highjack cellular machinery, for replicating their genome most viruses use their own, specialized polymerases.Bunyaviridae is the largest viral family of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses, comprising also Arenaviridae and Orthomyxoviridae families. Some bunyaviruses are causative agents of severe human diseases including heamorrhagic fevers, encephalitis and meningitis. Others infect a variety of plants and animals posing a significant economic threat to the crop cultivation and cattle breeding.RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses are multifunctional machines, able to perform both de novo genome replication via positive-strand cRNA intermediate, and viral mRNA transcription using cap-snatched host-derived mRNA primer. Viral RNA genome of bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, and orthomyxoviruses is divided into three, two, and eight segments respectively. Each segment, coated by nucleoproteins and attached through its conserved 3′ and 5′ ends to the polymerase, constitutes an individual ribonucleoprotein particle – an autonomous RNA synthesis unit.The scope of the PhD project described in this thesis was the structural and functional characterization of the La Crosse orthobunyavirus polymerase, also named the L protein. It was based on the hypothesis that all polymerases of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses share a similar domain organization and mode of action. During the 1st year attempts were made to confirm and characterize a putative C-terminal cap-binding domain. During the 2nd year project was extended to study 3′ and 5′ vRNA ends interactions with the full length and C-terminus truncated L protein. Facing difficulties to establish replication and transcription assays in vitro, vRNA binding studies and co-crystallizastion were continued during the 3rd year. This finally led to the main achievement of the thesis – the x-ray structure of La Crosse orthobunyavirus polymerase in complex with vRNA. Obtained structure is a breakthrough in the bunyavirus field. It reveals – unlike it was initially believed – conserved, sequence specific and separate binding sites for 3′ and 5′ vRNA ends located within the polymerase. The 5′ vRNA end binding allosterically structures one of the conserved catalytic motifs within the polymerase active site. The structure sheds also some new light on bunyaviral replication and transcription mechanisms. There exist two distinct product and template exit channels, suggesting that the nascent RNA strand is separated from the template and leaves the polymerase as the single-strand RNA. Close proximity of the template entry and exit channels explains how the polymerase can translocate along the genomic template with minimal disruption of the RNP.In parallel to the La Crosse polymerase structure, structures of Influenza A and B heterotrimeric polymerases in complex with vRNA were also obtained in Stephen Cusack group. This gave a great opportunity to compare the domain organization and the nature of vRNA binding by viral polymerases belonging to Bunyaviriadae and Orthomyxoviridae families, and proved that despite minimal sequence homology the structural similarities are striking. This strongly suggests an evolutionary common ancestor, which can possibly be shared with non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses as well
Casefont-Ducancelle, Alexandra. "ADN polymérase du cytomégalovirus humain : activité enzymatique et sensibilité aux entiviraux". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N15S.
Texto completoAnti-cytomegalovirus drug foscarnet, is an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase pUL54. We aimed to analyse the impact of UL54 mutations on polymerase activity and foscarnet resistance. Mutations were introduced by mutagenesis into gene UL54 and wild-type and mutated DNA polymerases were expressed in vitro. We developed a colorimetric assay to measure DNA polymerase activity in the absence and presence of foscarnet. We demonstrated the usefulness of this DNA polymerase phenotypic assay for the characterization of mutation suspected to confer foscarnet resistance. Change N495K and combination of S291P and combination and K415R were shown to induce foscarnet resistance for the first time, confirming the wide distribution of foscarnet-resistance mutations through gene UL54. The role of N495K was confirmed by rescue marker. We assessed the major role of serine 771 on polymerase catalytic function and of amino-acids 412 and 413 on 3'5' exonuclease activity
Toledano, Elie. "Régulation de la poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymérase par le phosphoadénosine phosphate". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066597.
Texto completoBligny, Muriel. "Caractérisation d'une ARN polymérase d'origine nuléaire (NEP) dans les plastes d'épinard". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10055.
Texto completoFantapie, Séverine. "Caractérisation du rôle de la polymérase translésionnelle REV1 dans les cellules humaines". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T038.
Texto completoMabboux, Bruno. "Infection grippale chez la souris par différentes souches prototypes : contribution à la mise au point d'un modèle pour études de protection". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P093.
Texto completoLemaitre, Magali. "Evaluer l'immunité de population contre la grippe : observation et intervention épidémiologiques". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066205.
Texto completoSydorchuk, A. S. y V. S. Oliynic. "Influence of grippe infection in young people on their intestinal microecology". Thesis, Third International Scientific Conference of Medical Students and Young Doctors, Bialystok, 10-11May 2007a, 2007. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/6723.
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