Artículos de revistas: "Polyethylene glycol"

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Alper, Arik y Dinesh S. Pashankar. "Polyethylene Glycol". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 57, n.º 2 (agosto de 2013): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0b013e318296404a.

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2

Boora, Gian Maria. "Polyethylene glycol". Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 54, n.º 1-3 (julio de 1995): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02787908.

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3

B., Baloǧlu y Kirkaǧaçhoǧlu O. "Preparation and evaluation of tolmetin sodium conventional and sustained-release suppositories". Scientia Pharmaceutica 70, n.º 1 (14 de febrero de 2002): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.aut-02-09.

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Conventional suppositories of tolmetin sodium were prepared by using two different types of Witepsol as an oily base and two different ratios of polyethylene glycol 400: polyethylene glycol 4000 as an water-soluble base. In addition, sustained- release suppositories were prepared by adding Eudragit L-100 ta the suppositories. The effects of the suppository base and the ratios of the polyethylene glycol 400: polyethylene glycols 4000 on the in vitro release characteristics were investigated. The release rate of tolmetin sodium from the conventional suppositories prepared with polyethylene glycol was slower than the other suppositories prepared with Witepsol. All of the suppositories with Eudragit L-100 showed slow-release profiles and the drug release rates clearly depended on the Eudragit L-100 content. When dissolution results were evaluated kinetically, zero order kinetic was observed with the sustained- release suppositories of tolmetin sodium prepared with polyethyleneglycol 400: polyethyleneglycol 4000 by adding Eudragit L-100.

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4

Makrlík, Emanuel y Petr Vaňura. "Europium and cerium extraction by the nitrobenzene solution of dicarbolide in the presence of polyethylene glycols". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, n.º 3 (1986): 498–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19860498.

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Extraction of Eu3+ and Ce3+ microamounts from 0.1-0.4M perchloric acid by the nitrobenzene solution of dicarbolide H+[Co(C2B9H11)2]- in the presence of polyethylene glycols (Mr = 200, 300, 400) has been studied. The equilibrium data and the typical maxima on the dependence of the metal distribution ratio on the total analytical concentration of polyethylene glycol in the system can be explained assuming that the species ML3+org, ML3+2org, ML3+3org, MLH2+-1org, and HL+org (where M3+ = Eu3+, Ce3+; L = polyethylene glycol) are extracted into the organic phase. The values of extraction and equilibrium constants in the organic phase were determined and the effect of the polyethylene glycol molecular weight on the equilibrium constants and on the abundances of individual species in the organic phase is discussed. It has been found that the addition of polyethylene glycol to the acid - nitrobezene - dicarbolide system increases the values of the separation factors αCe/Eu.

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5

&NA;. "Bisacodyl/polyethylene glycol". Reactions Weekly &NA;, n.º 1175 (octubre de 2007): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711750-00030.

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&NA;. "Bisacodyl/polyethylene glycol". Reactions Weekly &NA;, n.º 1328 (noviembre de 2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201013280-00038.

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7

Barman, Bhajendra N., Donald H. Champion y Stephen L. Sjoberg. "Identification and quantification of polyethylene glycol types in polyethylene glycol methyl ether and polyethylene glycol vinyl ether". Journal of Chromatography A 1216, n.º 40 (octubre de 2009): 6816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.024.

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8

Bekkali, Noor L. H., Daniël R. Hoekman, Olivia Liem, Marloes E. J. Bongers, Michiel P. van Wijk, Bas Zegers, Rolf A. Pelleboer et al. "Polyethylene Glycol 3350 With Electrolytes Versus Polyethylene Glycol 4000 for Constipation". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 66, n.º 1 (enero de 2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0000000000001726.

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9

ChenCurrent address: Key Lab. of Ra, Ji, Scott K. Spear, Jonathan G. Huddleston y Robin D. Rogers. "Polyethylene glycol and solutions of polyethylene glycol as green reaction media". Green Chemistry 7, n.º 2 (2005): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b413546f.

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10

Iqbal, Tariq H., Mark A. Cox, Kenneth O. Lewis y Brian T. Cooper. "Effect of Water-Loading on the Performance of Polyethylene Glycol as a Marker of Small Intestinal Permeability". Clinical Science 89, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1995): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0890299.

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1. Polyethylene glycol has been used extensively to measure small intestinal permeability in vivo. However, polyethylene glycol seems to traverse the intestinal mucosa in much greater quantities than sugar molecules of equivalent Mr. In addition, the recovery of the lowest Mr polymers of administered polyethylene glycol has been found to be both low and unreliable. 2. To compare the behaviour of a range of polyethylene glycol polymers with sugar probes in vivo, a combined polyethylene glycol/mannitol/lactulose probe was administered sequentially to healthy individuals in the fasted state and under conditions of water-loading. Timed hourly urine collections were made for 6 h. 3. Mannitol and lactulose recoveries were all within the normal range and were unaffected by coadministration of water. The lactulose/mannitol recovery ratios did not vary significantly over the 6 h collection period. In contrast, the recovery of total polyethylene glycol was significantly greater when subjects were water-loaded. Futhermore, proportionally greater quantities of polyethylene glycol Mr 370 than Mr 854 were recovered towards the end of the collection period than at the start. 4. Our results show that, in contrast to lactulose and mannitol, excretion of low—medium Mr polyethylene glycol polymers is highly dependent on coadministration of water. Futhermore, the differential rate of excretion of the low compared with the high Mr polyethylene glycol polymers suggests that the volume of distribution of the individual polymers may vary with Mr, and smaller polyethylene glycol molecules may undergo considerable renal tubular reabsorption.

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11

Obaidat, Rana, Bashar Al-taani y Hanan Al-quraan. "EFFECT OF SELECTED POLYMERS ON DISSOLUTION AND STABILIZATION OF AMORPHOUS FORM OF MELOXICAM". International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, n.º 9 (13 de julio de 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i9.18621.

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Objective: Meloxicam is classified as class II corresponding to its high permeability and low solubility (12μg/ml). This study aims to compare the effect of selected polymers on stabilization of amorphous form, and dissolution of meloxicam by preparation of different solid dispersions using selected polymers (chitosan oligomers, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, and polyethylene glycols).Methods: These solid dispersions were prepared using two different methods; solvent evaporation method for the two molecular weights chitosan carriers (16 and 11KDa) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 and melting method for the two different molecular weights polyethylene glycol (4000 and 6000). The physicochemical properties of solid dispersions were analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infra-red analysis, Powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Selected dispersions were then compared to two selected marketed drugs (Mobic® and Moven®).Results: Best dissolution rates were obtained for both polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 and polyethylene glycol 6000, followed by chitosan 16 kDa, chitosan 11 kDa, and polyethylene glycol 4000. Increasing polymeric ratio increased dissolution rate except for chitosan. Precipitation of the drug as amorphous form occurred in chitosan and polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 dispersions, while no change in crystallinity obtained for polyethylene glycol dispersions. Failure of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 in the maintenance of stability during storage time was observed while re-crystallization occurred in chitosan-based dispersions, which ends with preferences to polyethylene glycol dispersions. After comparing the release of selected dispersions with the two selected polymers; all dispersions got a higher release than that of the two marketed drugs release.Conclusion: The dissolution profile of meloxicam has been increased successfully in a reproducible manner.

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12

Bistac, Sophie, Maurice Brogly y Diane Bindel. "Crystallinity of Amphiphilic PE-b-PEG Copolymers". Polymers 14, n.º 17 (2 de septiembre de 2022): 3639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173639.

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The crystallinity and the growth rate of crystalline structures of polyethylene glycol and polyethylene blocks in polyethylene-b-polyethylene glycol diblock copolymers (PE-b-PEG) were evaluated and compared to polyethylene and polyethylene glycol homopolymers. Melting and crystallization behaviours of PE-b-PEG copolymers with different molecular weights and compositions are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The polyethylene/polyethylene glycol block ratio of the copolymers varies from 17/83 to 77/23 (weight/weight). The influence of the composition of PE-b-PEG copolymer on the ability of each block to crystallize has been determined. Thermal transition data are correlated with optical polarized microscopy, used to investigate the morphology and growth rate of crystals. The results show that the crystallization of the polyethylene block is closer to the polyethylene homopolymer when the copolymer contains more than 50 wt. % of polyethylene in the copolymer. For PE-b-PEG copolymers containing more than 50 wt. % of polyethylene glycol, the polyethylene glycol block morphology is almost similar to the PEG homopolymer. An important hindrance of each block on the crystallization growth rate of the other block has been revealed.

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13

Delarosa, Dathin Aulia, Sumaiyah S y Poppy Anjelisa Z. Hasibuan. "Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation Curcumin Ovule with Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) Base". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 8, n.º 1 (14 de febrero de 2020): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v8i1.650.

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Objective: This study aims to formulate and in vitro evaluation curcumin ovule with polyethylene glycol bases 400 and 6000 concentration variation using fushion method. Method: Curcumin ovule formulated by fushion method using the comparison of polyethylene glycol 400 and 6000 base concentration. In vitro evaluation of preparations included observation of organoleptic (odor, color, and shape), measurement of uniformity of weight, disintegration time, observation of stability of the preparation during 6 months storage at refrigerator temperature, and release test. Results: The results showed that all preparations ovule curcumin were orange, specific odor, cone-shape, stable for 6 months storage at refrigerator. Uniformity of ovule weight and disintegration time according the standard prepaation. Ovule release test showed formula I polyethylen glycol base concentration of 400 (90%) and 6000 (10%) very fast to release of curcumin from the preparation compared to other formula is gave average release of 93,7% ± SD 0.36. Conclusion: Curcumin can be formulated in the form of ovule using polyethylene glycol bases 400 and 6000 concentration variation.

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14

Belov, D. V. y S. N. Belyaev. "Prospects for recycling plastic waste based on polyethylene glycol terephthalate using living systems (a review)". Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 12, n.º 2 (4 de julio de 2022): 238–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-2-238-253.

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In recent years, the biodegradation of polyethylene glycol terephthalate has become an important direction in solving the problem of environmental pollution with plastic waste. This review generalizes the latest data on various microorganisms capable of biodegrading polyethylene glycol terephthalate. The mechanisms of enzymatic reactions of polyethylene glycol terephthalate hydrolysis and the structure of biodegradation enzymes are elucidated. Challenges to the industrial implementation of polyethylene glycol terephthalate biodegradation are considered along with proposals on the promotion of appropriate waste disposal technologies. Biodegradation comprises a promising method for the environmentally friendly and efficient disposal of waste plastics. So far, no commercial biodegradation technologies for recycling polyethylene glycol terephthalate have been developed. This area is attracting increased research attention, which is expected to result in the appearance of cost-effective and high-tech biodegradation processes. Future advances are likely to be based on synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies capable of constructing artificial microbial consortia and modifying microbial polyethylene glycol terephthalate hydrolases aimed at a more complete biodegradation and bioconversion of polyethylene glycol terephthalate and other complex polymers.

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15

Coukell, Allan J. y Caroline M. Spencer. "Polyethylene Glycol-Liposomal Doxorubicin". Drugs 53, n.º 3 (marzo de 1997): 520–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199753030-00011.

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16

Sharpe, Miriam, Stephanie E. Easthope, Gillian M. Keating y Harriet M. Lamb. "Polyethylene Glycol-Liposomal Doxorubicin". Drugs 62, n.º 14 (2002): 2089–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200262140-00012.

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17

Miller, D. J. y T. Henning. "Microemulsions Containing Polyethylene Glycol". Tenside Surfactants Detergents 42, n.º 1 (marzo de 2005): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/113.100248.

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18

Franga, Dion L. y James A. Harris. "Polyethylene glycol-induced pancreatitis". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 52, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2000): 789–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mge.2000.109718.

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19

Halphen, Marc. "Polyethylene glycol for constipation". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 19, n.º 10 (29 de marzo de 2004): 1133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01925.x.

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20

Halphen, Marc. "Polyethylene glycol for constipation". Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 21, n.º 3 (febrero de 2005): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02319.x.

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21

Topchieva, I. N., A. I. Kuzaev y V. P. Zubov. "Modification of polyethylene glycol". European Polymer Journal 24, n.º 9 (enero de 1988): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(88)90166-8.

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22

Patrício, Tatiana, Rúben Pereira, Luís Oliveira y Paulo Bártolo. "Polyethylene Glycol and Polyethylene Glycol/Hydroxyapatite Constructs Produced through Stereo-Thermal Lithography". Advanced Materials Research 749 (agosto de 2013): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.87.

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Stereo-thermal lithography (STLG) is an innovative system that uses ultraviolet (UV) radiation and near-infrared (IR) radiation simultaneously to initiate the curing reaction in a liquid solution, containing both UV and IR photoinitiator. In this research work, poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and PEGDMA/hydroxyapatite (HA) constructs were produced using the STLG system, operating in the UV mode, and characterised regarding the morphology and water absorption properties. Constructs were produced with different geometries and shapes by introducing several variations in the processing parameters, such as the irradiation time and the layer thickness. Results show the ability of the system to produce constructs at the micro-scale with very good definition and resolution. The irradiation time is the critical processing parameter, strongly affecting the water absorption and the structural integrity of the constructs.

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23

Cheng, Tian-Lu, Pin-Yi Wu, Ming-Fang Wu, Ji-Wang Chern y Steve R. Roffler. "Accelerated Clearance of Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Proteins by Anti-Polyethylene Glycol IgM". Bioconjugate Chemistry 10, n.º 3 (mayo de 1999): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc980143z.

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24

Wan, Zihong, Yu Li, Shaowei Bo, Ming Gao, Xuemeng Wang, Kai Zeng, Xin Tao, Xuefei Li, Zhigang Yang y Zhong-Xing Jiang. "Amide bond-containing monodisperse polyethylene glycols beyond 10 000 Da". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, n.º 33 (2016): 7912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob01286h.

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25

Nalawade, TriveniMohan, SumaH P. Sogi y Kishore Bhat. "Bactericidal activity of propylene glycol, glycerine, polyethylene glycol 400, and polyethylene glycol 1000 against selected microorganisms". Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry 5, n.º 2 (2015): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0762.155736.

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26

Kasahara, Kazuya, Tomonori Waku, Peter W. Wilson, Taishi Tonooka y Yoshimichi Hagiwara. "The Inhibition of Icing and Frosting on Glass Surfaces by the Coating of Polyethylene Glycol and Polypeptide Mimicking Antifreeze Protein". Biomolecules 10, n.º 2 (9 de febrero de 2020): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10020259.

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The development of anti-icing, anti-frosting transparent plates is important for many reasons, such as poor visibility through the ice-covered windshields of vehicles. We have fabricated new glass surfaces coated with polypeptides which mimic a part of winter flounder antifreeze protein. We adopted glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol as linkers between these polypeptides and silane coupling agents applied to the glass surfaces. We have measured the contact angle, the temperature of water droplets on the cooling surfaces, and the frost weight. In addition, we have conducted surface roughness observation and surface elemental analysis. It was found that peaks in the height profile, obtained with the atomic force microscope for the polypeptide-coated surface with polyethylene glycol, were much higher than those for the surface without the polypeptide. This shows the adhesion of many polypeptide aggregates to the polyethylene glycol locally. The average supercooling temperature of the droplet for the polypeptide-coated surface with the polyethylene glycol was lower than for the polypeptide-coated surface with glutaraldehyde and the polyethylene-glycol-coated surface without the polypeptide. In addition, the average weight of frost cover on the specimen was lowest for the polypeptide-coated surface with the polyethylene glycol. These results argue for the effects of combined polyethylene glycol and polypeptide aggregates on the locations of ice nuclei and condensation droplets. Thus, this polypeptide-coating with the polyethylene glycol is a potential contender to improve the anti-icing and anti-frosting of glasses.

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27

Othman, Mahmoud H., Yoshihiro Ito y Jun Akimoto. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polyethylene Glycol-Grafted Photoreactive Polyethylene Glycols for Antibiofouling Applications". Polymers 15, n.º 1 (30 de diciembre de 2022): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010184.

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Notably, antibiofouling is an important and predominant technique adopted to improve the surfaces of biomaterials. In this study, polyethylene glycol-grafted polyethylene glycols bearing azidophenyl groups were synthesized and immobilized on polystyrene surfaces via photoirradiation. The prepared polymers were found to be highly soluble in water, and photoimmobilization with fluorescent proteins was confirmed based on micropatterning using a photomask. These polymers suppressed nonspecific interactions between proteins and cells on the substrate. Considering that photoimmobilization can be adopted for the covalent bond modification of various surfaces, the developed water-soluble and highly antibiofouling polymers appear to be useful in biomaterial preparation.

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28

Shitole, Ajinkya A., Prabhanjan S. Giram, Piyush W. Raut, Priyanka P. Rade, Anand P. Khandwekar, Neeti Sharma y Baijayantimala Garnaik. "Clopidogrel eluting electrospun polyurethane/polyethylene glycol thromboresistant, hemocompatible nanofibrous scaffolds". Journal of Biomaterials Applications 33, n.º 10 (18 de marzo de 2019): 1327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328219832984.

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Biomaterials used as blood-contacting material must be hemocompatible and exhibit lower thrombotic potential while maintaining hemostasis and angiogenesis. With the aim of developing thromboresistant, hemocompatible nanofibrous scaffolds, polyurethane/polyethylene glycol scaffolds incorporated with 1, 5, and 10 wt% Clopidogrel were fabricated and evaluated for their physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and antithrombotic potential. The results of physicochemical characterization revealed the fabrication of nanometer-sized scaffolds with smooth surfaces. The incorporation of both polyethylene glycol and Clopidogrel to polyurethane enhanced the hydrophilicity and water uptake potential of polyurethane/polyethylene glycol/Clopidogrel scaffolds. The dynamic mechanical analysis revealed the enhancement in mechanical strength of the polyurethane/polyethylene glycol scaffolds on incorporation of Clopidogrel. The polyurethane/polyethylene glycol/Clopidogrel scaffolds showed a tri-phasic drug release pattern. The results of hemocompatibility assessment demonstrated the excellent blood compatibility of the polyurethane/polyethylene glycol/Clopidogrel scaffolds, with the developed scaffolds exhibiting lower hemolysis, increased albumin and plasma protein adsorption while reduction in fibrinogen adsorption. Further, the platelet adhesion was highly suppressed and significant increase in coagulation period was observed for Clopidogrel incorporated scaffolds. The results of cell adhesion and cell viability substantiate the biocompatibility of the developed nanofibrous scaffolds with the HUVEC cell viability on polyurethane/polyethylene glycol, polyurethane/polyethylene glycol/Clopidogrel-1, 5, and 10% at day 7 found to be 12.35, 13.36, 14.85, and 4.18% higher as compared to polyurethane scaffolds, and the NIH/3T3 cell viability found to be 35.27, 70.82, 36.60, and 7.95% higher as compared to polyurethane scaffolds, respectively. Altogether the results of the study advocate the incorporation of Clopidogrel to the polyurethane/polyethylene glycol blend in order to fabricate scaffolds with appropriate antithrombotic property, hemocompatibility, and cell proliferation capacity and thus, might be successfully used as antithrombotic material for biomedical application.

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Zemlianskykh, N. G. "MODIFICATION OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE PROTEINS WITH POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 1500". Biotechnologia Acta 9, n.º 5 (octubre de 2016): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech9.05.054.

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30

Iqbal, T. H., K. O. Lewis y B. T. Cooper. "Diffusion of Polyethylene Glycol-400 across Lipid Barriers in Vitro". Clinical Science 85, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 1993): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0850111.

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1. Polyethylene glycol has been used extensively as a probe to measure passive small-intestinal permeability in viro. However, there has been some uncertainty as to its suitability for use as an indicator of the permeation of water-soluble molecules across the intestinal wall because it seems to traverse the mucosa in much greater quantities than sugar molecules of equivalent Mr. 2. We have measured the permeation of polyethylene glycol-400 and lactulose from aqueous solution across pure lipid solvents in vitro. We found considerable transport of polyethylene glycol-400 across chloroform (1.03 g h−1 m−2) but no movement across petroleum ether. 3. However, in a separate experiment in which phospholipid (egg lecithin) was dissolved in the petroleum ether, permeation of polyethylene glycol-400 did occur (0.13 g h−1 m2), implying interaction of polyethylene glycol-400 with the phospholipid. No permeation of lactulose was seen in any of the experiments. 4. Our results suggest that, because of its interaction with lipid solvents, polyethylene glycol-400 is unsuitable as a probe to measure passive intestinal permeability in vivo.

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Kosenkova, S. I., I. I. Krasnyuk y I. I. Krasnyuk (jr.). "Тhe Viscosity Study of Naftifine Hydrochloride Solution with a Combination of Polyethylene Glycols". Drug development & registration 8, n.º 2 (30 de mayo de 2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2019-8-2-27-31.

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Introduction. Naftifin hydrochloride is an antifungal drug from the allylamine group, which is used as a drug for external use in the treatment of onychomycosis. Quickly penetrates the skin and nails. It has antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. It has a wide range of actions against many fungi that cause onychomycosis (dermatophytes, molds and yeast). In addition, it has an antibacterial effect in the ratio of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, reduces the risk of complicated course of the disease. It has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Polyethylene glycols belong to the class of organic polymers of ethylene glycol. Polyethylene glycols are safe and widely used in pharmaceutical production, due to the variety of applications. The object of the study is a number of solutions of naftifin hydrochloride in different combinations and with different ratios of polyethylene glycols.Aim. The purpose of the work is to choose the optimal composition of the solution of naftifin hydrochloride. Achieve due to the viscosity of the prolonging action of the solution. Depending on the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol to determine the flow time of solutions. Choose among a number of samples with different ratios of polyethylene glycols, a solution with maximum viscosity.Materials and methods. To determine the viscosity of this solution, a capillary viscometry method was used on the vpzh-2 apparatus. «Exoderil» solution was chosen as a reference formulation.Results and discussion. Alternating different combinations of polyethylene glycol, we have increased the viscosity of the fluid naftifine hydrochloride, which has achieved a more accurate method of application of medicinal substances. During the study, it was determined that the solution «Exoderil» has a minimum viscosity, compared with all samples of the studied solutions.Сonclusion. The optimal viscosity of the solution of naftifin hydrochloride provides a prolonged action of the drug, due to a longer stay on the nail plate. Viscosity allows for more accurate application to the damaged nail, and reduces the loss of concentration of the active substance. Moisturizing properties of polyethylene glycols will help to reduce the severity of side effects (dryness, rarefaction), and provide a longer and more comfortable treatment of onychomycosis.

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32

Nguyen, Hoai X. y Edgar A. O'Rear. "Biphasic release of protein from polyethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol/modified dextran microspheres". Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 101A, n.º 9 (30 de julio de 2013): 2699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34569.

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33

Lee, Joo-Yul, Nguyen Van Phuong, Sung-Hwan Lim, Seung-Zeon Han y Sik-Chol Kwon. "The Effect of Polyethylene Glycol on the Trivalent Chromium Electroplating". Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering 44, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2011): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5695/jkise.2011.44.1.007.

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34

Jiao, Yuxuan, Xinyu Xue, Suming Ding, Qingqing Zhou, Yong Tian, Xiaoming Liu y Shan Wang. "Influence of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) 20,000 Concentration on Atomization and Deposition Characteristics of Nozzle". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 22 (9 de noviembre de 2021): 10513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210513.

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The addition of surfactants to pesticide spray applications is an important method to improve the spray atomization and the coverage of droplets on the target. The effects of different types of surfactants on spraying have been extensively studied, but there have been few studies on the commonly used surfactant polyethylene glycol so far. This article compares the effect of polyethylene glycol 20,000 on the atomization and deposition characteristics by measuring the droplet size and the deposition on the polyethylene collection line when spraying different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 20,000 solution. The results show that the volume medium diameter DV0.5 of spraying different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 20,000 solution is larger than that of clear water, and that as the concentration increases, the volume medium diameter DV0.5 gradually increases but ΦVol < 150 μm decreases. Spraying different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 20,000 solution at a horizontal distance of 2–7 m from the nozzle and at a distance of 0.1–0.2 m from the bottom of the floor, the depositions are all less than that of clear water, and as the concentration increases, the deposition becomes smaller. This article can provide theoretical support for the use and concentration ratio of polyethylene glycol 20,000 in field application.

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35

Johnson, Wilbur. "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol (PG) Dicaprylate, PG Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, PG Dicocoate, PG Dipelargonate, PG Isostearate, PG Laurate, PG Myristate, PG Oleate, PG Oleate SE, PG Dioleate, PG Dicaprate, PG Diisostearate, and PG Dilaurate". International Journal of Toxicology 18, n.º 2_suppl (marzo de 1999): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109158189901800207.

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The Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate family of ingredients includes several esters and diesters of Propylene Glycol and fatty acids. These ingredients are used in cosmetic formulations as skin conditioning agents, viscosity increasing agents, and surfactants. Two skin irritation studies (minimal to no irritation) and a comedogenicity study (insignificant comedogen) on Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate and a skin irritation study (slight) and an acute oral toxicity study (nontoxic) on Propylene Glycol Laurate were available. Available data were also found indicating that Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate and Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate may enhance the skin penetration of other chemicals. Because of the ability of these Polyethylene Glycol esters and diesters to enhance penetration of other agents, it was recommended that care be taken in using these and other Polyethylene Glycol esters and diesters in cosmetic products. Previous Cosmetic Ingredient Review safety assessments of related ingredients, including Polyethylene Glycol, Polyethylene Glycol Stearate, Coconut Oils and Acids, Isostearic Acid, Lauric Acid, Myristic Acid, Oleic Acid, and Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, were summarized. Included were mutagenicity, chronic toxicity, and skin irritation and sensitization data. Based in part on the limited data available on the ingredients included in the report, but more so on the previous reviews of chemically similar moieties, it was concluded that Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Dicocoate, Propylene Glycol Dipelargonate, Propylene Glycol Isostearate, Propylene Glycol Laurate, Propylene Glycol Myristate, Propylene Glycol Oleate, Propylene Glycol Oleate SE, Propylene Glycol Dioleate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprate, Propylene Glycol Diisostearate, and Propylene Glycol Dilaurate are safe for use as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use.

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36

Karsakova, O. A. y M. V. Kuzmin. "Synthesis and research of photocurable protective coatings on the basis of olygoesteracrylates". Chimica Techno Acta 7, n.º 4 (21 de diciembre de 2020): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/chimtech.2020.7.4.16.

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In this work, photocurable protective coatings based on methacrylic acid esters have been developed and their physical and mechanical properties have been investigated. The photocurable compositions were obtained by mixing at different ratios the following methacrylic acid esters: polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate 400 and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate ether, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate 400 and oligourethane dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate 400 and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate. For the obtained compositions, the viscosity was studied using a Brookfield rotary viscometer. To initiate polymerization, a mixture of initiators was used: benzoyl peroxide and benzoin. Curing of the obtained compositions was carried out under the influence of UV rays for 2-5 minutes. For photo-cured compositions, their physical and mechanical properties have been studied. It was found that the composition based on polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate modified with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate at a ratio of 70:30 has the highest strength.

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37

Tian, Huafeng, Yuanyuan Yao, Weilin Liu, Kai Wang, Liwei Fu y Aimin Xiang. "Polyethylene glycol: An effective agent for isocyanate-based polyimide foams with enhanced foaming behavior and flexibility". High Performance Polymers 31, n.º 7 (20 de septiembre de 2018): 810–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008318801906.

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A series of polyimide foam materials were prepared via one-step process, and the effect of polyethylene glycol on the morphology and properties of the foams was investigated. The results showed that the mean cellular diameter increased from 0.49 to 0.57 mm with the increase of polyethylene glycol content. Meanwhile, with the addition of polyethylene glycol, the tensile strength of polyimide foams increased from 18 to 23 kPa. It was proved that the foaming behavior and flexibility of polyimide foams were greatly improved due to the introduction of polyethylene glycol. As a kind of chain extender, polyethylene glycol reacted with isocyanate to form the flexible urethane segment, which improved the flexibility of polyimide molecular chain and promoted foaming behavior. In addition, all the foams exhibited fine thermal stability with temperature at 5% weight loss of about 350°C. The limiting oxygen index values of the prepared polyimide foams decreased with the increase of polyethylene glycol content, while the heat release rate increased, indicating certain decrease of the flame retardant properties. However, the fine cell structure can still be observed under the residual carbon structure after the burning, indicating fine flame retardancy.

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38

Vaňura, Petr y Pavel Selucký. "Extraction of polyethylene glycols with dicarbolide solutions in nitrobenzene". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, n.º 8 (1990): 1959–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19901959.

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The extraction of polyethylene glycol of average molecular mass 400 (PEG 400) with dicarbolide solution in nitrobenzene and of longer-chain polyethylene glycol, of average molecular mass 1 500 (PEG 1 500), with chlorinated dicarbolide solution in nitrobenzene was studied. During the extraction of PEG 400, the polyethylene glycol solvates the Horg+ ion in the organic phase giving rise to the HLorg+ species (L is polyethylene glycol). The obtained value of the extraction constant Kex(HLorg+) = 933 is consistent with published data of metal extraction. Extraction of PEG 1 500 was treated applying the simplified assumption that the thermodynamic behaviour of PEG 1 500 is the same as that of n molecules of polyethylene glycol with relative molecular mass 1 500/n, each solvating one cation. For this model, the value of n = 3.2 ± 1.1 and the values of the extraction constants of the HL1/n,org+ and HL2/n,org+ species were obtained by using the adapted program LETAGROP. This value of n is consistent with published extraction data in the presence of polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular mass from 200 to 1 000.

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39

Wahyudin, C. I., A. S. Mahulette, J. I. Nendissa, M. H. Makaruku, W. D. Mariati, A. Haitami, Desrihastuti, Febrianti y Arby’in Pratiwi. "The Effect of polyethylene glycol concentration on some varieties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in enhancing the germination viability". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 883, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/883/1/012016.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to see the interaction between the concentration of Polyethylene Glycol and various varieties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) On plant germination. This study used a completely randomized factorial design with 3 replications. The factors used for the study were varieties of kenaf (Karang Proso 6, Karang Proso 9 and Karang Proso 15) and the concentration of Polyethylene Glycol (0, 3, 5, and 7 ppm). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (F test) using least significant difference (LSD) test of 5%. There was an interaction between the concentration of Polyethylene Glycol and kenaf varieties on germination power. Karang Proso 9 variety was consistent with several concentrations of Polyethylene Glycol which had higher germination compared to other varieties. Polyethylene Glycol concentration did not affect hypocotyl length, seed germination uniformity, dry weight of the varieties of Karang Proso 6, Karang Proso 9 and Karang Proso 15.

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40

Veljkovic, K., D. Servedio y A. C. Don-Wauchope. "Reporting of post-polyethylene glycol prolactin: precipitation by polyethylene glycol 6000 or polyethylene glycol 8000 will change reference intervals for monomeric prolactin". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 49, n.º 4 (22 de mayo de 2012): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/acb.2011.011238.

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41

Ma, Yu-Hyun y Kyung-Bin Song. "Effects of PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) Concentration and Mixing Ratio of PEG/Gly (Glycerol) on the Physical Properties of Silk Fibroin Films". Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 35, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2006): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.1.121.

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42

VanDelinder, Virginia, Ian Sickafoose, Zachary I. Imam, Randy Ko y George D. Bachand. "The effects of osmolytes on in vitro kinesin-microtubule motility assays". RSC Advances 10, n.º 70 (2020): 42810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra08148e.

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43

Suwanamornlert, Panitee, Takunrat Taksima y Pongsura Thanyacharoen-anukul. "Effects of Plasticizers on Characterization of Biodegradable Film Based on Tamarind Kernel Polysaccharide". Journal of Current Science and Technology 13, n.º 3 (30 de agosto de 2023): 630–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.59796/jcst.v13n3.2023.814.

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Tamarind kernel polysaccharide-based film was formulated to study the effects of polyethylene glycol 400, glycerol, sorbitol, tween 80, tween 40, tween 20 and span 20 on mechanical, optical, and thermal properties. Addition of plasticizers to tamarind kernel polysaccharide led to changes in tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation at break of the films. The tensile strength of films containing polyethylene glycol 400, glycerol, sorbitol, tween 20 and span 20 was lower than films containing tween 80, tween 40 and non-plasticized film. Sorbitol-plasticized film exhibited the best mechanical properties with lowest tensile strength, 6.07 MPa and highest elongation at break 5.91%. Film containing sorbitol also showed highest optical transparency, while polyethylene glycol 400 and glycerol exhibited lowest transparency and highest whiteness index. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that incorporation of plasticizers increased the mobility of the polymer chains. The addition of sorbitol, glycerol, and tween 20 reduced the glass transition temperature of tamarind kernel polysaccharide film from 49.81 to 20.97, 42.41 and 42.92 °C, respectively. Sorbitol proved to be an effective plasticizer for improving flexibility and enhancing the optical property of tamarind kernel polysaccharide film. As a result of the research, it was discovered that tamarind kernel polysaccharide film plasticized with sorbitol has the potential to be used in the creation of biopolymer film for culinary and biomedical applications.

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44

Preethi, G. B., Sayan Banerjee, H. N. Shivakumar y M. Ravi Kumar. "FORMULATION OF FAST-DISSOLVING TABLETS OF DOXAZOSIN MESYLATE DRUG BY DIRECT COMPRESSION METHOD". International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 9, n.º 5 (15 de septiembre de 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017v9i5.18168.

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Objective: The rationale of the current research work was to formulate and evaluate fast-dissolving tablets of doxazosin mesylate with minimum disintegration time and improved dissolution efficiency using solid dispersion method.Methods: Solid dispersions of doxazosin mesylate and polyethylene glycol 8000 in different ratios were prepared using the kneading method. The prepared solid dispersions were subjected to drug interaction and dissolution studies to select the effective solid dispersion for the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets. Fast dissolving tablets containing drug-polyethylene glycol 8000 solid dispersion (1:3) were prepared using various super-disintegrants such as crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, mixture and coprocessed crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium in concentration range of 2% and 5% by direct compression technique. The prepared formulations (F1–F16) were evaluated for post compression parameters; hardness, thickness, friability, wetting time, disintegration time, and in–vitro drug release.Results: Drug doxazosin mesylate showed enhanced aqueous solubility of 13.3µg/ml in the presence of polyethylene glycol 8000. Differential scanning calorimetery and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed no interaction between drug and polyethylene glycol 8000and, drug-polyethylene glycol 8000 solid dispersion showed cumulative drug release of 44.48% in 60 min. Formulated FDT of drug-polyethylene glycol 8000 solid dispersion, containing coprocessed mixture of crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium (5%) exhibited disintegration time of 14.5s with percentage cumulative release of 92.46% in 60 min.Conclusion: The work reasonably concludes that for the formulated doxazosin mesylate-fast dissolving tablets, disintegration time was effectively reduced by the presence of coprocessed mixture of crospovidone and croscarmellose sodium and dissolution efficiency was improved by preparation of solid dispersion with polyethylene glycol 8000.

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45

&NA;. "Bisacodyl/magnesium citrate/polyethylene glycol". Reactions Weekly &NA;, n.º 1175 (octubre de 2007): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711750-00028.

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Lubowski, David, David de Carle y David R. Hunt. "Colonic lavage with polyethylene glycol". Medical Journal of Australia 142, n.º 4 (febrero de 1985): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113325.x.

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47

P. Garay, R. "Immunogenicity of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)". Open Conference Proceedings Journal 2, n.º 1 (3 de octubre de 2011): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210289201102010104.

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48

Curran, Monique P. y Paul L. McCormack. "Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin Beta". Drugs 68, n.º 8 (2008): 1139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200868080-00009.

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Filik, L. "Polyethylene glycol and constipation treatment". Colorectal Disease 13, n.º 3 (14 de febrero de 2011): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2010.02534.x.

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Jani, Vivek P., Alborz Jelvani, Selamawit Moges, Parimala Nacharaju, Camille Roche, David Dantsker, Andre Palmer, Joel M. Friedman y Pedro Cabrales. "Polyethylene Glycol Camouflaged Earthworm Hemoglobin". PLOS ONE 12, n.º 1 (18 de enero de 2017): e0170041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170041.

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