Literatura académica sobre el tema "Poly(sodium 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane sulfonate"

The paper reports a facile synthesis of novel anionic spherical polymer brushes which was based on grafting sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate from the surface of 4,4′-Azobis (4-cyanopentanoyl chloride)-modified carbon spheres. Various characterization methods involving a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and thermo-gravimetric analysis were utilized to analyze the morphology, chemical composition, bonding structure, and thermal stability, respectively. The molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity (Mw/Mn) of brushes were 616,000 g/mol and 1.72 determined by gel permeation chromatography experiments. Moreover, the dispersibility of ASPB in water and in the presence of aqueous NaCl solutions of different concentrations was investigated. Results show that the dispersibility of carbon spheres has been enhanced owing to grafted polyelectrolyte chains, while the zeta potential of the particle decreases and its brush layer shrinks upon exposure to sodium ions (Na+).

Carboxylated polymer can be used as an anti-scaling agent in circulating water cooling systems. Poly(acrylic acid) and homopolymer have some drawbacks such as slight solubility in water and low calcium tolerance leading difficulty to determine the remaining quantity of polymer in water. This research is mainly focused on synthesis and ability of poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAA-PAMPS) for scale inhibition. These terpolymers varied in mole ratios of monomers were prepared via solution polymerization. The obtained polymers are then characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, TGA, turbidity, and UV-visible spectroscopy. For a scale inhibition test, GB/T 16632-2008 standard is applied. The scale inhibition efficiency for 100% was found in PAA-PAMPS copolymer (7:3). Afterwards this polymer was chosen for synthesizing an ultraviolet-tagged PAA-PAMPS-PNaSS terpolymer. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to monitor benzene sulfonate structure in sodium styrene sulfonate of the polymer chain at 224 nm.

A family of novel sulfonate based homopolymers has been prepared by partially replacing sodium cations with different types of ionic liquid ammonium counter-cations, leading to an increased degree of decoupling of the conductivity from the glass transition of the ionomers.

Membrane resistance and permselectivity for counter-ions have important roles in determining the performance of cation-exchange membranes (CEMs). In this study, PVA-based polyanions—poly(vinyl alcohol-b-sodium styrene sulfonate)—were synthesized, changing the molar percentages CCEG of the cation-exchange groups with respect to the vinyl alcohol groups. From the block copolymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based CEMs, hereafter called “B-CEMs”, were prepared by crosslinking the PVA chains with glutaraldehyde (GA) solution at various GA concentrations CGA. The ionic transport properties of the B-CEMs were compared with those previously reported for the CEMs prepared using a random copolymer—poly(vinyl alcohol-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)—hereafter called ”R-CEMs”. The B-CEMs had lower water content than the R-CEMs at equal molar percentages of the cation-exchange groups. The charge density of the B-CEMs increased as CCEG increased, and reached a maximum value, which increased with increasing CGA. A maximum charge density of 1.47 mol/dm3 was obtained for a B-CEM with CCEG = 2.9 mol% and CGA = 0.10 vol.%, indicating that the B-CEM had almost two-thirds of the permselectivity of a commercial CEM (CMX: ASTOM Corp. Japan). The dynamic transport number and membrane resistance of a B-CEM with CCEG = 8.3 mol% and CGA = 0.10 vol.% were 0.99 and 1.6 Ωcm2, respectively. The B-CEM showed higher dynamic transport numbers than those of the R-CEMs with similar membrane resistances.

A polymeric surfactant (PFSA) was synthesized by the aqueous free-radical copolymerization using acrylamide, sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate, allyl-capped octylphenoxy poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with the polymerization degree of 20 (AOP) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-decyl p -vinylbenzyl ether (VF). PFSA exhibited both the good surface and interfacial activities and the thickening behaviour. It could be used in enhanced oil recovery to increase both sweep and oil displacement efficiencies. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of PFSA was 0.1 g l −1 in aqueous solution. The spherical micelles with the diameter of 100 nm were formed at CMC, and numerous compact worm-shaped micelles were observed above CMC. The interfacial tension was 0.027 mN m −1 for the 0.1 g l −1 PFSA solution containing 5 g l −1 NaCl and 0.209 g l −1 SDBS. The PFSA solutions still showed low interfacial tensions at high NaCl concentrations and temperatures, respectively, because of the incorporation of both VF and AOP containing long PEO.

Shape-shifting polymers are widely used in various fields such as intelligent switches, soft robots and sensors, which require both multiple stimulus-response functions and qualified mechanical strength. In this study, a novel near-infrared-light (NIR)-responsible shape-shifting hydrogel system was designed and fabricated through embedding vinylsilane-modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into particle double-network (P-DN) hydrogels by micellar copolymerisation. The dispersed brittle Poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate) (PNaAMPS) network of the microgels can serve as sacrificial bonds to toughen the hydrogels, and the CNTs endow it with NIR photothermal conversion ability. The results show that the CNTs embedded in the P-DN hydrogels present excellent mechanical strength, i.e., a fracture strength of 312 kPa and a fracture strain of 357%. Moreover, an asymmetric bilayer hydrogel, where the active layer contains CNTs, can achieve 0°–110° bending deformation within 10 min under NIR irradiation and can realise complex deformation movement. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the design and manufacture of photoresponsive soft actuators.

Le pétrole est à la base du développement de notre société moderne, offrant accès à une source d'énergie abondante, bon marché et facilement transportable. Il est utilisé aussi bien pour la production d'électricité que pour les transports et représente la première source de matières premières pour l'industrie chimique. La production de pétrole est généralement assurée par des réservoirs matures exploités par injection d'eau dans un but de maintien de pression ou de balayage du réservoir. Pour améliorer l'efficacité de balayage du réservoir par l'eau injectée, la technique d'injection de polymères hydrosolubles a été développée. L'addition de polymère augmente la viscosité de l'eau injectée du pétrole par un balayage plus efficace du réservoir. Il est ainsi possible d'augmenter la production de pétrole tout en diminuant l'emprunte carbone. Les principaux polymères utilisés pour cette application sont de la famille des polyacrylamides. L'optimisation du procédé requiert une connaissance précise des relations structures-propriétés des polymères utilisés afin de mieux appréhender leurs propriétés viscosifiantes et de transport en milieu poreux. L'objectif est de mettre en place des méthodes analytiques pour la détermination de la distribution en masse molaire et du taux de ramification des polymères étudiés afin de pouvoir corréler les résultats obtenus aux propriétés rhéologiques et au comportement en filtration de leurs solutions. C'est pourquoi, dans le cadre de la thèse, quatre volets (WP pour work packaging) sont abordés afin de répondre au mieux à cette problématique concernant sa structure. Le premier volet (WP1) consiste à caractériser les différents polymères industriels à travers différents outils analytiques qui sont la Chromatographie d'Exclusion Stérique (Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)) couplée à un détecteur de diffusion de lumière multi-angle (Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS)) pour la taille (masse molaire, Mw, et rayon de giration, Rg), et la rhéologie capillaire pour la viscosité intrinsèque et les courbes d'écoulement (rhéogramme). Ensuite, vient le second volet (WP2) qui a pour but d'étudier le taux de ramification des polymères. Pour ce faire, deux approches analytiques vont être utilisées. La première est la Py-GC/MS, la pyrolyse (Py) couplée à la Chromatographie en Phase Gazeuse (Gaz Chromatography (GC)) couplée elle aussi à la Spectrométrie de Masse (Mass Spectrometry (MS)) afin d'évaluer la microstructure du polymère. La deuxième partie de ce volet est la comparaison des paramètres structuraux (Mw, Rg et viscosité intrinsèque) obtenus par analyses SEC-MALS, diffusion de la lumière (MALS) et rhéologie capillaire. Un système de mélange continu automatique (Automatic Continuous Mixing (ACM)) couplé au rhéomètre capillaire et au MALS sera développé pour faire des analyses en ligne de viscosité intrinsèque et de masse molaire. Ce développement instrumental fait l'objet du troisième volet (WP3). Pour finir, le quatrième volet (WP4) consiste à étudier les propriétés des polymères pendant la filtration
The knowledge of the dimensional properties (Mw, Rg, and the distributions), the viscosimetric properties ([η]), as well as, the branching rate of polymers is primordial for the implementation of a satisfactory Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) via polymer flooding. The principal objective of this thesis was to develop analytical methods in order to determine the characteristics of an optimized macromolecule developed by the SNF company, the poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) (P(ATBS)). Two categories of P(ATBS) were studied: the models and the industrials. The models of high molar masses (1-6 million g/mol) were synthetized by Controlled Radical Polymerization (CRP), for which the branching was controlled by the addition of a crosslinking agent. While the industrials of higher molar masses (8-19 million g/mol) were obtained by Radical Polymerization (RP), for which the branching could be induced by chain transfer reactions. The characterization of the dimensional/viscosimetric properties and the branching rate for both P(ATBS) categories was performed by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Frit-Inlet Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (FIA4F), capillary viscometry and Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS). A correlation of the physico-chemical properties was done to understand the behaviour of the P(ATBS) in solution. A related study was done by Pyrolysis coupled to a Gaz Chromatography and a Mass Spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the P(ATBS). To this day, the P(ATBS) has never been studied by this technique

碩士
中國文化大學
應用化學研究所
98
A novel fully transparent and flexible impedance-type humidity sensor was fabricated by the LBL self-assembly of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) (PAMPS) polymer electrolyte and PAMPS thin films that were doped with salts (NaCl and K2CO3) on a flexible substrate (polyester film; PET) substrate with a pair of comb-like aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) transparent electrodes. The electrical properties of the LBL self-assembled PAMPS polymer electrolyte thin films were studied in detail as functions of relative humidity (RH), to elucidate the effects of the deposition concentration of PAMPS and the number of PAMPS multilayers on the sensing properties. NaCl and K2CO3 were simultaneously doped into PAMPS polyelectrolyte to improve the sensing properties (sensitivity and linearity) of the transparent and flexible impedance-type humidity sensors. The transparency, flexibility, hysteresis, ambient temperature, response and recovery times and long-term stability were also studied.