Artículos de revistas: "Pollution"

1

Xiang, Long, Zhong Bo Yu, Li Chen, Jia Ji He, Cheng Chen y Xiao Lei Fu. "Evaluating the Characteristics of Hydraulic Driven Non-Point Source Pollution Loss in Agricultural Watershed". Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (octubre de 2012): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.518.

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Non-point source (NPS) pollution is one of the major pollution sources in agricultural watershed, and the NPS pollution is the governing factor for polluting surface water. In this paper, series of hydrologic response units were set in various land-use plots to observe the runoff yields and NPS pollution yields from 2008 to 2010. The rainfall and fertilization were recorded in various types of land-use. Based on the long-term observation data, the characteristics of flow yield and critical precipitation intensities for generating runoff were quantified, and the hydraulic driven NPS pollutions (TN, TP) were analyzed temporally and spatially. The results show the flow yield is positive to total amount and intensity of precipitation and hillslope, but negative to vegetation canopy and Tillage intensity. Based on surface hydraulic conditions, the NPS pollution yield on various lands are calculated statistically. The seasonal fluctuations of NPS pollution yield rates are strongly related to flow production and human artificial fertilization. This work will enhance the understanding of NPS loss in agricultural watersheds.

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2

Ghanemi, Abdelaziz y Besma Boubertakh. "Biological Tools to Deal with Pollution : Selected Advances and Novel Perspectives". International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 3, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2014): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v3i1.4675.

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Pollution represents a problem common to economy and public health. Indeed, the public health, because of the divers’ type of pollutions, is facing divers challenges for which urgent solutions are required.The biology provides approaches not only to deal with the pollution, but also to obtain economic benefits. Some living organisms have particular metabolisms that allow them to assimilate and metabolite the polluting agents and thus reduce the impact they have on both environment and public health. On the other hand, the metabolic properties of specific organisms make the polluting elements raw materials to synthesize other elements that are benefits for economy and non-toxic for the ecology and the biohealth. Yet, other options such as the regulations and laws are required to improve the efficiency of these approaches.

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3

Ghanemi, Abdelaziz y Besma Boubertakh. "Biological Tools to Deal with Pollution : Selected Advances and Novel Perspectives". International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 3, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2014): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v3i1.4675.

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Pollution represents a problem common to economy and public health. Indeed, the public health, because of the divers’ type of pollutions, is facing divers challenges for which urgent solutions are required.The biology provides approaches not only to deal with the pollution, but also to obtain economic benefits. Some living organisms have particular metabolisms that allow them to assimilate and metabolite the polluting agents and thus reduce the impact they have on both environment and public health. On the other hand, the metabolic properties of specific organisms make the polluting elements raw materials to synthesize other elements that are benefits for economy and non-toxic for the ecology and the biohealth. Yet, other options such as the regulations and laws are required to improve the efficiency of these approaches.

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4

Wang, Di, Kun You y Jin Xiang Fu. "Optimization and Selection of Automatic Monitoring Indicators in Beer Manufacturing". Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (julio de 2014): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.795.

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Automatic monitoring indicators system of pollution is the key and foundation to construct network of pollutions in total amount monitoring.Scientific and reasonable indicators system can reflect pollutant situation and influence on water environment.Automatic monitoring indicators in pollution of sources are confined to COD and ammonia nitrogen as well as short of monitoring indicators to character features of pollutional sources.It is necessary to conduct optimization and selection of automatic monitoring indicators.Based on beer manufacturing in demonstration area as the research object,analyze sources of pollution in Qinghe basin producing and sewage situation;adopt screening methods to complete optimization and selection of automatic monitoring indicators.Build the system of automatic monitoring indicators in beer manufacturing successfully to provide theoretical support for constructing network of water pollutant total amount monitoring.

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5

Leutwyler, Kristin. "“Pollution, Pollution...”". Scientific American 269, n.º 5 (noviembre de 1993): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1193-23b.

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6

Atuyambe, Lynn M., Raphael E. Arku, Natasha Naidoo, Thandi Kapwata, Kwaku Poku Asante, Guéladio Cissé, Belay Simane, Caradee Y. Wright y Kiros Berhane. "The Health Impacts of Air Pollution in the Context of Changing Climate in Africa: A Narrative Review with Recommendations for Action". Annals of Global Health 90, n.º 1 (5 de diciembre de 2024): 76. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4527.

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Introduction: Despite the broad improvement in air quality, air pollution remains a major leading global risk factor for ill health and deaths each year. Air pollution has a significant impact on both health and economic growth in Africa. This paper reviews the health impacts of air pollution and the benefits of air pollution mitigation and prevention on climate change. Methods: We conducted a narrative review and synthesized current literature on the health impact of air pollution in the context of changing climate in Africa. Results: Particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in Africa pose significant health risks due to various sources, including household fuels and industrial emissions. Limited air quality monitoring hampers accurate assessment and public health planning. Africa’s rapid urbanization exacerbates air pollution, impacting vulnerable populations disproportionately. Renewable energy adoption and improved monitoring infrastructure are crucial for mitigating air pollution’s economic and health impacts. Recommendations include adopting air quality standards, identifying pollution sources, and prioritizing interventions for vulnerable groups. Integrating renewable energy into development plans is essential for sustainable growth. African leaders must prioritize environmental policies to safeguard public health amid ongoing industrialization. Conclusions: Air pollution prevention remains a vital concern that requires leaders to engage stakeholders, and other opinion leaders in society. African leaders should proactively explore new avenues to integrate non‑polluting renewable energy sources such as solar power, wind and hydropower into their national development plans.

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7

Su, Rong Jun. "Study and Analysis on Pollution of Coal Washing and Separating Project". Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (febrero de 2012): 2082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2082.

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. In order to study the environmental impact of coal washing and separating industry, took Beize coal separating plant as an example to analyze its pollution. According to the requirements of Chinese environmental assessment and its project situation, analyzed its features of technological process and possible pollution such as noise, dust, smoke, SO2, waste water and waste solid etc. during construction and operating period. Accident risk analysis was also done. As a result, the intensity of polluting source were confirmed as 0.47 t/a of dust, 2.60t/a of SO2, 2.38t/a of soot and 40.52t/a of coal gangue respectively. Finally, precaution measures for above mentioned pollutions were proponed. This would lay a sound foundation for the following environmental impact assessment.

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8

Ridho'i, Ronal. "Doom to Disaster? Industrial Pollution in Sidoarjo 1975—2006". Lembaran Sejarah 13, n.º 2 (27 de febrero de 2018): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.33543.

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Massive industrialization causes various pollutions (water, air, land and noise). Until early 2000s, facts proved that the environmental condition of Sidoarjo getting worse because of the high level of pollution in this area. This paper aims to explain industrial pollution, regulation of pollution and the debate of pollution cases in Sidoarjo since 1975-2006. Author uses an environmental history approach to analize this phenomenon, and peruses archival sources, newspapers, magazines and interview. This research finds out that industrial pollutions in Sidoarjo still continuously happen until today. Meanwhile, the govenrment regulations were not effectively decrease industrial pollutions because of collusion practice between industrialists and local government, and even with the military personnel particularly during the New Order. This paper proves that the government regulations and law enforcement about the environment were not resolving the pollution problems in Sidoarjo.

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9

Zhu, Lei, Jin Xi Song y Chang Qin Zheng. "Pollution Load Estimation of Weihe River Watershed above Linjiacun Section Based on Characteristic Section Load Method". Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (marzo de 2015): 2382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2382.

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Weihe River Watershed above Linjiacun Section is taken as the research objective in this paper and NH3-N is chosen as the water quality parameter. According to the discharge characteristics of point source pollutions and non-point source pollutions, a new method to estimate pollution loads-characteristic section load method is suggested and point source pollution and non-point source pollution loads of Weihe River Watershed above Linjiacun Section are calculated in the rainy, normal and dry season in the year 2007. The results show that the monthly point source pollution loads of Weihe River Watershed above Linjiacun Section are discharged stably, the monthly non-point source pollution loads of Weihe River Watershed above Linjiacun Section change greatly, the non-point source pollution load proportions of total pollution load of NH3-N are gradually decreased in the rainy, normal and wet periods.

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10

Zhang, Zhonghao, Tiantian Nie, Yingtao Wu, Jiahui Ling y Danhuang Huang. "The Temporal and Spatial Distributions and Influencing Factors of Transboundary Pollution in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 8 (12 de abril de 2022): 4643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084643.

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Transboundary pollution between neighboring regions seriously affects the efficiency of overall environmental governance; however, there are few studies focused on how to estimate the degree of transboundary pollution between different regions. With China as a case study, this article developed a new measurement to estimate the degree of transboundary pollution among regions, and comprehensively investigated the influencing factors of transboundary pollution in China between 2000 and 2013. The results indicate that transboundary pollution effects exist in China. In ascending order, the regions most affected overall by transboundary pollution from polluting enterprises were as follows: eastern region < central region < western region. The reduction in transboundary pollution effects was most prominent for severely polluting enterprises in the eastern and western regions and lightly polluting enterprises in the central region. An analysis of the influencing factors reveals that the regional environmental regulation intensity has a negative feedback effect on the transboundary pollution effects. These findings indicate that polluting enterprises in regions with a low environmental regulation intensity are more inclined to operate in border areas to obtain both the environmental benefits associated with the low local environmental regulation intensity and the market economy benefits associated with neighboring urban regions, thereby aggravating environmental pollution in border areas.

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11

Chen, Hong y Chun Yi Duan. "Research on the Pattern of Comprehensive Improvement of Small Watershed Pollution in Guangxi Province". Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (febrero de 2014): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.394.

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This paper concern the difficulties of comprehensive improvement of small watershed pollution. There were some patterns of comprehensive improvement of small watershed pollution, which include industrial pollution, domestic pollution, non-point source polluting, and rural non-point source pollution in small watershed. We put out control measures of these pollution and long-term mechanism of mall basin pollution remediation

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12

Lyu, Jingye, Xiaolu Wang y Wenwen Zhou. "Has Technological Finance Improved Environmental Pollution Control Levels in Heavily Polluting Industries?" Sustainability 16, n.º 14 (13 de julio de 2024): 5996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16145996.

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Developing new productivity adapted to local conditions and actively promoting the green transformation of industries is the key to improving environmental pollution control levels. Based on data from 697 listed companies in heavily polluting industries nationwide from 2012 to 2022, this paper empirically examines the impact mechanisms, paths, and heterogeneity of technological finance, technological innovation, and financing constraints on environmental pollution control levels. The study shows that technological finance significantly improves the environmental pollution control levels of heavily polluting enterprises. However, there is some greenwashing behavior in the utilization of technological finance funds. Technological innovation and financing constraints play a partial mediating role in the process of improving environmental pollution control levels through technological finance. Compared with non-state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises are more sensitive to the enhancement of environmental pollution control through technological finance. To improve the environmental pollution control levels of heavily polluting enterprises, those located in strictly regulated “dual control areas” are less influenced by technological finance compared to those outside these areas. This paper also attempts to explore the factors affecting the sustainable green development of heavily polluting industries and provides policy recommendations for improving the environmental pollution control levels of heavily polluting enterprises.

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13

Yang, Shasha, Kuanhong Xing y Yong Yang. "Offshore Oil Pollution and Prevention Measures". E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127102010.

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Oil pollution is one of the main pollutions of the marine environment. With the year-on-year increase of our country's oil imports and maritime transportation, our country's offshore oil pollution has become more and more serious, causing serious harm to the ocean and the nearshore environment. According to the current situation of marine oil pollution, the article outlines the current situation, sources, hazards of marine oil pollution, and the methods currently used to deal with and prevent marine oil pollution in physics, chemistry and biology.

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14

Pravinchandra, Godalka Anita y Dr Yogesh R. Pandya. "Pollution and Health". Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, n.º 5 (15 de junio de 2012): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/may2014/47.

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15

Schernhammer, Eva S. y Katie L. Stone. "LIGHT POLLUTION ≠ LIGHT POLLUTION?" Chronobiology International 28, n.º 4 (mayo de 2011): 378–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2011.565898.

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16

Dufier, J. L., Y. Touitou, D. Chauvaud y A. Torriglia. "Pollution lumineuse, pollution insidieuse". Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine 204, n.º 3 (marzo de 2020): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.banm.2019.12.014.

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17

Attoui, Badra, Samia T. Benrabah, Habiba Majour y Nadjet Zair. "Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution using the Kherici’s method in the Talezza plain, Collo region (NE Algeria)". Journal of Water and Land Development 33, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0015.

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Abstract The intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater aquifers refers to their sensitivity to all contamination coming from soil surface irrespective of the nature of the polluting. In order to improve the protection of groundwater, there must be a reduction in the infiltration of contaminants towards the reservoir through the impacting factors determination of this phenomenon by means of research. There are collected models that include particular number of factors which allow the determination of a sign of groundwater vulnerability of all superficial pollutions. The goal of the study centers on ascertaining the state of vulnerability and the risk of groundwater pollution of the Collo region with a new proposed method by Kherici. Generally, assessment methods of vulnerability and the danger of groundwater pollution employ parametric systems with numerical quotation, cartographic superposition where the analytical methods are based on equations. In this study, we consider the combination of criteria dependent on natural factors (thickness of the unsaturated zone, geologic facies, degree of auto-purification) and the causes of groundwater vulnerability to man-made pollution (anthropogenic factors).

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18

Lv, Xiao Ming, Xiao Ming Li y Jing Yong Liu. "Discussion on the Pollution Characteristics in Environmental Monitoring Laboratory and its Corresponding Control Countermeasures". Advanced Materials Research 549 (julio de 2012): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.945.

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With the continuous improvement of our environmental monitoring system, environmental monitoring laboratory has actually become the typical small pollution sources, which caused very prominent environmental pollutions. However, the pollution problems in the environmental monitoring laboratory are basically in the neglected state and without the standardized management. The paper analyzed the common polluted emissions and characteristics about the process of environmental monitoring in the laboratory. How to reduce laboratory contamination from the sampling, chemical analysis and monitoring processes was discussed. The main pollution problems were caused by the lack of laboratory environmental awareness and the laboratory contamination control at the expense. In conclusion, strengthen the environmental monitoring laboratory management and environmental education, recycling the laboratory waste, separating collection, and treating by different methods are the main ways to solve the pollutions in the Lab. The monitoring departments at all levels must improve its environmental quality in order to reduce the environmental pollutions and make efforts to avoid the pollution of the monitoring laboratory waste.

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19

Zhao, Liuwei y Shuai Jin. "Research on the Impact of Ecological Civilization Construction on Environmental Pollution Control in China—Based on Differential Game Theory". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (4 de marzo de 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552069.

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With environmental pollution problems becoming more and more serious, administrators need to change their original system of performance achievement evaluation and build a new performance achievement view of ecological civilization. Based on the view of achievement evaluation of ecological civilization, this research develops a continuous-time differential game of environmental pollution control between local government and enterprises by taking into consideration dynamic change in pollutants in the environment into account. By analyzing the equilibrium solution of the game, the role of the assessment mechanism of ecological civilization is explored, and countermeasures are proposed to provide a scientific basis for improving the assessment mechanism of ecological civilization in China’s environmental pollution control. The results have shown that enterprises’ equilibrium pollutants output is negatively correlated to Ecological Civilization Index. Instead, the government’s efforts to curb pollutions are positively correlated to the environmental review. With th`at, lowering enterprises’ cost of production and pollution reduction alongside imposing more severe punishment would help improve pollution management. Setting up reasonable reward-punishment system would improve local governments’ pollution management. Elsewhere, the research employs the method of numerical simulation to testify the relationship among the importance of environmental review, enterprises’ pollutant output, and government’s efforts to manage pollutions. Finally, the research also suggests necessary measures to solve environmental pollutions and introduces a numerical simulation analysis.

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20

Zhou, Yalin, Jing Cao y Yujia Feng. "Stock Market Reactions to Pollution Information Disclosure: New Evidence from the Pollution Blacklist Program in China". Sustainability 13, n.º 4 (19 de febrero de 2021): 2262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042262.

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Public disclosure of environmental information has been widely used as an important instrument in green finance. In this paper, we examine a blacklist program of polluting firms and conduct an event study to evaluate how the stock market responds to the pollution news. Our results show that the pollution disclosure indeed had a significant negative effect on the stock market performance of listed companies on the blacklists, but only when the overall market was under downward shocks, suggesting that the shareholders were more sensitive to the pollution news in bad times. When the stock market performed well or was relatively stable, the blacklist effects were not evident. Our heterogeneity analyses further revealed that the magnitude of the cumulative abnormal returns depended on the firm size. That is, the larger the firms are, the less they suffer from the pollution news release. Our findings show that pollution disclosure does penalize the polluting firms through stock market response mechanisms.

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21

Zhou, Caihua, Hualin Xie y Xinmin Zhang. "Does Fiscal Policy Promote Third-Party Environmental Pollution Control in China? An Evolutionary Game Theoretical Approach". Sustainability 11, n.º 16 (16 de agosto de 2019): 4434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164434.

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To promote third-party environmental pollution control in China, it is necessary to dissect the mechanism of fiscal policy in third-party environmental pollution control. This study first discusses the acting paths of fiscal policies on third-party environmental pollution control in theory. A tripartite evolutionary game model involving the local government, the polluting enterprise, and the third-party enterprise is established. The replicator dynamics, evolutionary stability strategies, and numerical simulation of the behavior of the three participants are analyzed to further study the acting mechanism of fiscal policy in third-party environmental pollution control. In addition, the influences of other parameters on the implementation of third-party environmental pollution control are evaluated. The results show that the behaviors of the local government, the polluting enterprise, and the third-party enterprise influence each other. Furthermore, strengthening the relevant fiscal policy, reducing the risks of the polluting enterprise and third-party enterprise, and improving the benefit to the local government are conducive to promoting third-party environmental pollution control in China. Based on these results, this study proposes the following policy implications: formulating fiscal policies for third-party environmental pollution control, implementing fiscal policies in a dynamic and progressive manner, improving the market mechanism of third-party environmental pollution control, and strengthening the environmental performance assessment of the local government.

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22

Main, Robert S. "Subsidizing Non-Polluting Goods vs. Taxing Polluting Goods for Pollution Reduction". Atlantic Economic Journal 41, n.º 4 (14 de junio de 2013): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11293-013-9370-6.

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23

Supriya Shashikant Kumar, N. "Urban Light Plan-Light Pollution in Urban Areas & Light Pollution Control". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, n.º 7 (5 de julio de 2023): 572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23706150651.

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24

Šmelcerović, Miodrag. "VALORIZATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH SERBIA FROM THE AIR QUALITY ASPECT". Knowledge International Journal 28, n.º 4 (10 de diciembre de 2018): 1329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041329m.

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The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Vranje is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health Vranje, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Vranje, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Vranje town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.

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25

Šmelcerović, Miodrag. "AIR QUALITY AT THE TERRITORY OF THE CITY OF LESKOVAC". Knowledge International Journal 29, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2019): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2901077m.

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The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Leskovac is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Leskovac, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Leskovac town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.

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26

Mass, Sandy, Todd Carlson, Greg Guerrero y Steve Lipinski. "Reducing Pollution Can Increase Pollution". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, n.º 15 (1 de enero de 2008): 2030–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864708788733800.

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27

Wang, Xinwei, Shan Lu, Tianzheng Wang, Xinran Qin, Xilin Wang y Zhidong Jia. "Analysis of Pollution in High Voltage Insulators via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy". Molecules 25, n.º 4 (13 de febrero de 2020): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040822.

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Surface pollution deposition in a high voltage surface can reduce the surface flashover voltage, which is considered to be a serious accident in the transmission of electric power for the high conductivity of pollution in wet weather, such as rain or fog. Accordingly, a rapid and accurate online pollution detection method is of great importance for monitoring the safe status of transmission lines. Usually, to detect the equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) and non-soluble deposit density (NSDD), the pollution should be collected when power cut off and bring back to lab, time-consuming, low accuracy and unable to meet the online detection. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) shows the highest potential for achieving online pollution detection, but its application in high voltage electrical engineering has only just begun to be examined. In this study, a LIBS method for quantitatively detecting the compositions of pollutions on the insulators was investigated, and the spectral characteristics of a natural pollution sample were examined. The energy spectra and LIBS analysis results were compared. LIBS was shown to detect pollution elements that were not detected by conventional energy spectroscopy and had an improved capacity to determine pollution composition. Furthermore, the effects of parameters, such as laser energy intensity and delay time, were investigated for artificial pollutions. Increasing the laser energy intensity and selecting a suitable delay time could enhance the precision and relative spectral intensities of the elements. Additionally, reducing the particle size and increasing the density achieved the same results.

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28

Wang, Gang. "Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution of Surface Soil in Baicheng City". Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (diciembre de 2012): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.786.

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In the thesis, the pollution condition of heavy metals in the soil is evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method through testing and analyzing content of heavy metals (As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn) in 400 sampling points within 400km2 near Baicheng City; and types and sources of pollutions of heavy metals in the soil in Baicheng City are analyzed and studied by factor analysis method. scientific proof for soil improvement and phytoremediation in this area can be provided. It is indicated through the integrated evaluation of the test result that the living quarter, the main road area and the green belt are polluted slightly; the industrial area is polluted moderately. It can be seen through comprehensive analysis that there are three main sources of heavy metal pollutions in the surface soil in Baicheng City: industrial pollution source, traffic pollution source and house pollution source. Therefore, effective measures shall be taken by the local people in the protection of the soil encountered with the various pollution status of the functional areas.

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29

Ramasesha, Sheela K. "Clean Air for Indian Cities – Causes and Alleviation Strategies". Transport technic and technology 16, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttt-2020-0009.

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Abstract Air pollution in cities across the world is rising at an alarming rate. This rise in pollution has an adverse effect on people’s health leading to breathing difficulties, skin diseases and even cancer. The pollution in cities is mainly due to fossil fuel fired vehicles plying on the roads. Different polluting gases and particulate matter are discussed in the manuscript. Indian cities are no exception to this problem. With the general increase in population in the country, migration into cities has increased many folds. As a result, vehicular traffic on the roads has increased polluting the city atmosphere. This pollution has turned cities into heat islands. Two major cities of India, namely, Bengaluru and Delhi are considered in the manuscript for discussion. There are no simple ways of controlling this vehicular pollution and regulating the pollution. Strong policies have to be made and implemented. The way forward is pondered upon in the manuscript.

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30

Ramasesha, Sheela K. "Clean Air for Indian Cities – Causes and Alleviation Strategies". Transport technic and technology 16, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttt-2020-0009.

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AbstractAir pollution in cities across the world is rising at an alarming rate. This rise in pollution has an adverse effect on people’s health leading to breathing difficulties, skin diseases and even cancer. The pollution in cities is mainly due to fossil fuel fired vehicles plying on the roads. Different polluting gases and particulate matter are discussed in the manuscript. Indian cities are no exception to this problem. With the general increase in population in the country, migration into cities has increased many folds. As a result, vehicular traffic on the roads has increased polluting the city atmosphere. This pollution has turned cities into heat islands. Two major cities of India, namely, Bengaluru and Delhi are considered in the manuscript for discussion. There are no simple ways of controlling this vehicular pollution and regulating the pollution. Strong policies have to be made and implemented. The way forward is pondered upon in the manuscript.

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31

Pathak, Garima y Vishwanath M. Bhadrashetti. "Air Pollution Monitoring System". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (31 de agosto de 2018): 1848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18191.

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32

Khondaker, Abu Mokeram. "Environmental Pollution and Management". International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 5, n.º 4 (2014): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2014.v5.519.

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33

K Sharma, S. "Water Pollution: An Analysis". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 10, n.º 6 (27 de junio de 2021): 1556–59. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr21625172301.

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34

Yang, Zian. "Environmental Pollution And Effect on Human Health And The Living of Creatures". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 59 (15 de julio de 2023): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v59i.10070.

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Pollution takes many different forms from the atmosphere to the oceans pollution is everywhere and is a global problem. Natural pollution is mainly divided into air pollution, water pollution and land pollution. Air pollution is mainly caused by small particles emitted from large amounts of energy. Water pollution is caused by human-made waste and its impending set of consequences. Land pollution is mainly caused by human activities, especially the use and management of different materials. These three types of pollution are interrelated, and the cause of one type of pollution may become the result of another. This paper discusses the main sources of pollution in the atmosphere, water and land, and the potential dangers that pollution may pose to humans and some other species that may be greatly threatened. The paper suggests that human should now manipulate their destruction of the environment, and act greenly to prevent the aggravation of the polluting process.

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35

Du, Qun. "Developments in Water Pollution Law and Policy in China: Effective Enough to Cope with Water Pollution Conflict?" International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, n.º 1 (25 de octubre de 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2011.2599.

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Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental issues facing China. In 2005, an exceptionally serious water pollution accident in the Songhua River — caused by an unintended and sudden chemicals explosion — heralded an official recognition of a water pollution crisis in China. Although there have been new initiatives in national law and policy concerning water pollution that attempt to respond to issues of: social conflict caused by water pollution; government accountability; liability of polluting entities; and citizens’ rights in cases of water pollution, the challenges for the rule of environmental law in effectively reducing water pollution accidents and resolving water pollution conflict still exist. There is an urgent need to strengthen compliance and enforcement. This paper discusses the issues of water pollution conflict and the possible resolutions offered through law and policy.

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36

Li, Siyu, Jinke Li y Jinshuai Zhang. "International legal system: Marine pollution". SHS Web of Conferences 174 (2023): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317403020.

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This research aims to address the environmental concerns of marine pollutions and explores the international legal legislation to regulate the equilibrium in the marine ecosystem. It outlines the impacts of marine pollution on the biodiversity, social economy and the wellbeing and health conditions. Subsequently, a critical assessment of law regulation in marine pollutions/Limitations in the international environmental law regulations; and utilizes the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea as a foundation for policy recommendations.

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37

Nirel, P. M. V. y J. Lazzarotto. "Testing of conductivity/calcium and rubidium/strontium ratios as indicators of the chemical stability of a river: comparison with a biological indicator". Water Science and Technology 52, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2005): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0487.

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It is customary to detect pollution in a water flow by monitoring the increase of sensitive elements concentrations (NH4+, PO43−, NO3−…). However, concentrations are dependent on the flow rate and these compounds are not conservative, implying a concentration decrease downstream leading to false negative diagnosis of pollution impact. The use of elemental ratios of conservative compounds should diminish these pitfalls. We then thought of the χ/Ca (conductivity/calcium) and Rb/Sr (rubidium/strontium) ratios as water chemical stability indicators to clearly identify and discriminate point from diffuse pollutions. This hypothesis has been tested on 12 brooks located in the basin of Lake Geneva, during 2 hydrological years. The results were compared to the observed land use of the watershed and a biological indicator: the Pollution Sensitivity Index (PSI). The PSI is calculated from diatom taxonomy and evaluates biological quality with a grade ranging from 0 to 20 (bad to excellent). The main results of the research can be summarized as follows. The pollution signal is observable far downstream of the pollution site. Both χ/Ca and Rb/Sr ratios are water quality indicators expressing the stability of water chemistry. They can both be used to detect diffuse and point pollution impact. These indicators provide complementary information: χ/Ca variations increase in case of point pollution; Rb/Sr variations increase when diffuse pollutions occur. The results obtained with the indicators χ/Ca and Rb/Sr agree with biological indicator and observation of the land use. χ/Ca and Rb/Sr ratios represent important tools to identify and discriminate point source pollution from diffuse pollution.

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38

Levinson, Arik. "Technology, International Trade, and Pollution from US Manufacturing". American Economic Review 99, n.º 5 (1 de diciembre de 2009): 2177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.5.2177.

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Pollution emitted by US manufacturers declined markedly over the past several decades, even as real manufacturing output increased. I first show that most of the decline in US manufacturing pollution has resulted from changing production processes (“technology”), rather than changes in the mix of goods produced. I then show that increased net imports of polluting goods (“international trade”) accounts for only a small portion of the pollution reductions from the changing mix of goods. Together, these two findings demonstrate that shifting polluting industries overseas explains only a minor part—less than 10 percent—of the cleanup of US manufacturing. (JEL F18, L23, L60, O30, Q52, Q53)

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39

Cai, Zhen, Shaogang Lei, Yibo Zhao, Chuangang Gong, Weizhong Wang y Changchun Du. "Spatial Distribution and Migration Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Grassland Open-Pit Coal Mine Dump Soil Interface". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 8 (7 de abril de 2022): 4441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084441.

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The open-pit coal mine dump in the study area contains many low-concentration heavy metal pollutants, which may cause pollution to the soil interface. Firstly, statistical analysis and geostatistical spatial interpolation methods described heavy metal pollution’s spatial distribution. The mine dump heavy metal pollution distribution is strongly random due to disorderly piles, but it is closely related to slope soil erosion. Furthermore, the soil deposition area is where pollutants accumulate. For example, all heavy metal elements converge at the bottom of the dump. Usually, the pollution in the lower part is higher than that in the upper part; the pollution in the lower step is higher than the upper step; the pollution in the soil deposition locations such as flat plate and slope bottom is higher than the soil erosion locations such as slope tip and middle slope. Finally, the hyperspectral remote sensing method described heavy metals pollution’s migration characteristics, that the pollutants could affect the soil interface by at least 1 km. This study provides a basis for preventing and controlling critical parts of mine dump heavy metal pollution and pollution path control.

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40

Parpiev, Azimjon, Mamura Shorahmedova y Saida Saidbekova. "Analysis of the proportions of pollutions in cotton by weight and number". E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337101025.

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The article provides an analysis of the proportions of different selections and industrial varieties, harvest type in terms of size and number of pollutions in the cotton. The problem of the formation of the force of binding of pollutions with the fiber was analyzed, and it was suggested that the main reason was the adhesion of the fiber to the bumps formed along the perimeter of the pollution. The experiments are based on the fact that the contamination and the contamination of cotton determined on the basis of cotton weights are the same, but their proportions are different in size. The possibility of separating fine pollutions in the cotton from the pile drums used in ginning plants was studied, and it was found that they can extract up to 93% of the total fine pollutions. Based on the comparative analysis, it was found that there is a significant difference in the weight and number fractions of pollutants by size. The effects of cotton selection and industrial variety, initial contamination, harvest type on the proportions of pollution by size. It was noted that the determination of cotton pollution by their weight ratio does not fully characterize cotton as an object of ginning, and on this basis there is a need to reconsider the issue of determining the plan of ginning of cotton based on the initial pollution.

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41

Amza, Gheorghe, Gabriel Iacobescu, Dan Florin Niţoi, Cătălin Gheorghe Amza y Zoia Apostolescu. "Contributions Regarding Working Environment Impact of Submerged Arc Welding". Advanced Materials Research 1138 (julio de 2016): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1138.107.

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Paper presents the main pollutants of the working environment at welding under flux, methodical determination which the main chemical reactions resulting in pollution and pollution coefficient calculation. A number of welding working regime in order to achieve a coefficient of minimal pollution. The experimental results demonstrate that the process of welding under flux is less polluting than manual arc welding and coated electrode but more polluting than the process of welding in protective gas environment. It shows the influence of welding regime parameters for the most important gas pollutants.

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42

Baranwal, Parul y Sanjeev Agrawal. "A Pollution Assessment of Grossly Polluting Industries in India". International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 1, n.º 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2022.10044961.

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43

Baranwal, Parul y Sanjeev Agrawal. "A pollution assessment of grossly polluting industries in India". International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 30, n.º 1 (2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2022.128105.

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44

Squires, Radcliffe. "Pollution". Iowa Review 22, n.º 2 (abril de 1992): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.4147.

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45

Golding, J. "Pollution". Current Paediatrics 1, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1991): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-5839(06)80015-1.

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46

Kandela, Peter. "Pollution". Lancet 353, n.º 9164 (mayo de 1999): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75761-5.

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47

Saier, Milton. "Pollution". Environmentalist 26, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2006): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-006-7764-6.

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48

Sene, Aïssatou. "Pollution". Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 38, n.º 3 (2013): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.2013.6176.

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49

"Pollution to pollution". Fuel and Energy Abstracts 43, n.º 1 (enero de 2002): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(02)80701-9.

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50

Jiang, Fachun, Tao Wei, Xiaowen Hu, Yalin Han, Jing Jia, Bei Pan y Wei Ni. "The association between ambient air pollution and scarlet fever in Qingdao, China, 2014–2018: a quantitative analysis". BMC Infectious Diseases 21, n.º 1 (21 de septiembre de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06674-8.

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Abstract Background We conducted a distributed lag non-linear time series analysis to quantify the association between air pollution and scarlet fever in Qingdao city during 2014–2018. Methods A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) combined with a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was applied to quantify the distributed lag effects of air pollutions on scarlet fever, with daily incidence of scarlet fever as the dependent variable and air pollutions as the independent variable adjusted for potential confounders. Results A total of 6316 cases of scarlet fever were notified, and there were 376 days occurring air pollution during the study period. Scarlet fever was significantly associated with air pollutions at a lag of 7 days with different relative risk (RR) of air pollution degrees [1.172, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.038–1.323 in mild air pollution; 1.374, 95% CI 1.078–1.749 in moderate air pollution; 1.610, 95% CI 1.163–2.314 in severe air pollution; 1.887, 95% CI 1.163–3.061 in most severe air pollution]. Conclusions Our findings show that air pollution is positively associated with scarlet fever in Qingdao, and the risk of scarlet fever could be increased along with the degrees of air pollution. It contributes to developing strategies to prevent and reduce health impact from scarlet fever and other non-vaccine-preventable respiratory infectious diseases in air polluted areas.

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