Tesis sobre el tema "Pollution à l'ozone"
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Martin, Nicolas. "La pollution par l'ozone et la climatologie dans un espace méditerranéen : les Alpes-Maritimes". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358297.
Texto completoA travers les données de pollution issues du réseau de surveillance de la qualité de l'air d'AtmoPACA ainsi qu'à partir de très nombreuses mesures de terrain, l'objectif est de mieux appréhender les relations entre la variabilité spatiale et temporelle de l'ozone et celle des conditions météorologiques à différentes échelles. Après avoir détaillé l'historique des mesures d'ozone et de dioxyde d'azote disponibles dans le département, une première approche à macro-échelle est menée entre les réanalyses du NCEP et les niveaux de pollution par l'ozone dans neuf stations de mesures des Alpes-Maritimes. Ce premier niveau d'analyse permet de définir les configurations météorologiques générales caractérisant un épisode de pollution par l'ozone. La présence d'une dorsale anticyclonique sur l'Europe de l'ouest, associée à de faibles vitesses de vent, de faibles taux d'humidité relative en surface et d'une faible vorticité relative, provoque une dégradation de la qualité de l'air dans le département.
Un second niveau d'analyse est alors abordé : il s'agit de préciser à méso-échelle et à micro-échelle les conditions météorologiques propices à de fortes concentrations d'ozone. Pour cela des campagnes de mesures itinérantes d'ozone sont effectuées dans l'ensemble du département ; une importante base de données est constituée sur la commune de Nice et dans ses alentours. Le recours au modèle météorologique RAMS permet alors de mieux comprendre la variabilité spatiale et temporelle de l'ozone induite par les conditions climatiques locales. Les variables météorologiques les plus corrélées aux concentrations d'ozone sont la vitesse du vent en surface, l'énergie cinétique turbulente, la hauteur de la couche limite atmosphérique et l'humidité relative. Tout indique que moins le volume d'air dans lequel les polluants primaires sont émis est important, et moins l'intensité du brassage de l'air est forte, alors plus les concentrations d'ozone sont élevées. Il semblerait également que ces conditions locales du temps aient plus d'influence sur les niveaux de pollution par l'ozone que la configuration synoptique à macro-échelle. Bien qu'étant nécessaire, la présence d'un anticyclone sur l'Europe de l'ouest n'est pas suffisante pour expliquer le comportement de l'ozone localement dans les Alpes-Maritimes.
Parallèlement à ces différentes approches, les origines spatiales de la pollution photochimique affectant cet espace littoral montagneux sont recherchées. L'advection d'importantes quantités d'ozone par la brise de mer en journée indique que ce polluant s'accumule au dessus de la mer ; excepté ce phénomène d'accumulation induit par des aller-retour de la masse d'air guidée par l'alternance entre la brise de mer et la brise de terre, l'origine des fortes concentrations d'ozone au dessus de la mer n'est pas clairement comprise. Il semblerait qu'un schéma de recirculation des masses d'air en trois dimensions permette la création d'un empilement de couches stratifiées sur la mer.
Fraigneau, Yann. "Etudes numériques de l'évolution diurne de l'ozone dans la région d'une agglomération". Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES063.
Texto completoGodard, Sophie Zmirou-Navier Denis. "Pollution atmosphérique par l'ozone et asthme de l'enfant résultats de l'étude Airpole (asthme infantile et retentissement de la pollution de l'environnement) /". [S.l] : [s.n], 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2004_HERFELD_GODARD_SOPHIE.pdf.
Texto completoRivoal, Annabelle. "Caractérisation des formations arbustives méditerranéennes pour l'amélioration de la prévision de la pollution à l'ozone". Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2010AIX11028.pdf.
Texto completoBiogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), mainly emitted by vegetation, contribute to ozone pollution in presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx). In the PACA region, shrublands cover large areas and are strong BVOC emitter. However, they were poorly accounted in the chemistry-transport model CHIMERE used for ozone pollution forecast. This study aims to improve their integration in CHIMERE through three main components: the spatial distribution of the main shrub species and of their foliar biomasses and updated of emission factor. First, species composition of shrubland was studied in order to derive a typology based on dominant species. This typology was used to map shrublands using supervised classifications of remote sensing data. Second, non-destructive methods for foliar biomass estimation were defined. Local estimations of foliar biomass were carried out and used to map the main species biomass spatial variability. Then, emission data available in literature were reviewed and summarized in order to improve emission factor data. Besides, measurement carried out on field showed significant season and soil effect on monoterpene emissions of Cistus monspeliensis, a widespread shrub in Mediterranean area. Finally, the effect of shrubland refinement in BVOC emissions and ozone forecast was test in CHIMERE. It appears that shrubland refinement lead to increase of BVOC emission (+6 to +10%) resulting in increased ozone production (+2 to +8%). One shrubland per administrative department seems to give similar results to those obtained using a gridded variability of shrublands at 1Km scale. COVb need to be mixed with NOx to produce ozone, therefore the variation of ozone level is mainly observed in the Berre-Aix-Marseille area
Garcia-Fouqué, Segunda. "Étude de la mesure de l'ozone par tube à diffusion : application sur le terrain". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1162.
Texto completoBerthelot, Michaël. "Climat régional, climat local et pollution de l'air par l'ozone dans les agglomérations de Tours et d'Orléans". Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR1803.
Texto completoChevalier, Amandine. "Développement du service d'observation PAES : pollution atmosphérique à l'échelle synoptique, bilan de l'ozone dans la troposphère libre". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193744.
Texto completoChevalier, Amandine. "Développement du service d'observation PAES : pollution atmosphérique à l'échelle synoptique, bilan de l'ozone dans la troposphère libre". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/54/.
Texto completoThe framework of this PhD work is the development of the PAES network (Atmospheric Pollution at Synoptic Scale), devoted to ozone and CO measurements at high-altitude sites in France. The spatial and temporal representativity of high surface station has been evaluated, in comparisons with airborne (MOZAIC) and satellite (MOPITT) data. Monitoring the atmospheric changes turns out to be possible from surface data. High altitude stations also appear to be to some extent representative of the variability of the free troposphere despite the influence of the surface. The air quality over Western Europe and its evolution since the 1980s have been portrayed through CO and ozone data from PAES and other French and European networks. Finally, associating observations during the PIC 2005 field campaign (June 13th - July 7th 2005 around the Pic du Midi) and modeling (Méso-NH) allows the understanding of the reversed diurnal cycle observed in climatologies from some high altitude stations. Specific study about the June 23th 2005 underlines the role of the transport at synoptic scale and of the boundary layer - free troposphere exchanges on the variability of air composition at high-altitude sites
Klein, Amélie. "Analyse du profil vertical de l'ozone dans la basse troposphère à Paris". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS192.pdf.
Texto completoSurface ozone measurements are not sufficient to understand the mechanisms of ozone formation in the lower troposphere. In this study, we have used instruments from the QUALAIR station, located in Paris center, that can measure vertical profiles of ozone, atmospheric dynamics parameters, and integrated contents of NO2 in the lowermost troposphere. First, a statistical analysis, using four years of ground based ozone LIDAR measurements (2011-2014), is done to understand the mechanisms responsible for the vertical gradient and the seasonal cycle of ozone in Paris. Then, in order to better assess the influence of transport on the spatial and temporal evolution of ozone, we focus on the results obtained from an instrumental campaign, organized in Paris, and during which continuous measurements of ozone, wind and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer were performed. The results show the impact of the entrainment of the residual layer into the mixed layer on the surface ozone variability in the morning at the local scale. A Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART-WRF) is used to better assess the impact of the nocturnal transport of a clean ozone layer via nocturnal low level jets from Paris on the surface ozone evolution at the regional scale. Finally, a one dimensional chemical transport model (PACT 1D) is used to quantify the influence of vertical transport versus photochemistry on the evolution of boundary layer ozone during daytime
Vella, Roxane. "Une exposition à l'ozone induit une insulino-résistance via un stress oxydant systémique et un stress du réticulum endoplasmique musculaire : pollution à l'ozone et diabète de type 2 : peut-on imaginer une origine environnementale aux maladies métaboliques ?" Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10176.
Texto completoA growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to traffic-related air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Ozone, a major photochemical pollutant in urban areas, is negatively associated with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations but most aspects of this association remain to be elucidated. Using an environmentally realistic concentration (0.8 ppm), we demonstrated that exposition of rats to ozone induced whole body insulin resistance and oxidative stress, with associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, JNK activation and disruption of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from ozone-treated rats reproduced this effect in C2C12 myotubes, suggesting that toxic lung mediators were responsible for the phenotype. Pre-treatments with the chemical chaperone 4-phenyl butyric acid, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine alleviated insulin resistance, demonstrating that ozone sequentially triggered oxidative stress, ER stress and JNK activation to impair insulin signaling in muscle. This study is the first to report that ozone plays a causative role in the development of insulin resistance, suggesting that it could boost the development of diabetes. We therefore provide a potential mechanism linking pollutant exposure and the increased incidence of metabolic diseases
Cortinovis, Jérôme. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des émissions biogéniques d'oxydes d'azote et d'isoprène depuis les écosystèmes naturels et aménagés:impact sur l'ozone". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30162.
Texto completoIn order to build a national inventory of nitrogen oxides from agricultural activities, an algorithm deduced from laboratory experiments was coupled with the CERES crop model to simulate NOx flux at the soil level. Simulations on a year basis allow the estimation of emission factors. NOx fluxes were integrated at the regional scale for three administrative regions. A new version of the SURFATM SVAT model integrating NOx emissions and NOx-O3 basic chemistry simulates ozone and NOx surface-atmosphere exchanges. Two contrasted sites from the ESCOMPTE experiment were used to validate this new approach. The canopy reduction factor, that is the actual proportion of NOx emitted above the canopy, was calculated, this net emission being included in a meso-scale model. The contribution of isoprene emissions, the major contributor in the COV global inventory, to ozone production has been evaluated for the ESCOMPTE experiment. This contribution is a function of the anthropogenic plume degree of maturation. The contribution appears to be mostly important in the suburban and rural areas. Coupling an algorithm combining high and low frequency terms with the SVAT ISBA-Ags allows for simulations of isoprene emissions at the canopy scale including a seasonal variation. Summer emissions appear to be preponderant when compared to spring and autumn ones. Coupling with the MesoNH-Chemistry model shows the maximum seasonal contribution of isoprene emissions to ozone production during summer, followed by spring and autumn periods
Guillas, Serge. "Processus autorégressifs fonctionnels avec variables exogènes : application à la prévision de la pollution". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066434.
Texto completoBhugwant, Chatrapatty. "Étude physico-chimique des aérosols de combustion et de l'ozone troposphérique à la Réunion". La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_16_Bhugwant.pdf.
Texto completoSaüt, Carine. "Transport et évolution de l'ozone et de ses précurseurs au-dessus de l'Océan Pacifique : impact de la convection nuageuse organisée". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30141.
Texto completoAffre, Christine. "Méthodologie de la mesure (aéroportée et au sol) des flux turbulents. Application à l'ozone aux échelles locale et régionale". Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30112.
Texto completoBugajny, Christine. "Quantification des émissions polluantes d'origine automobile et modélisation des processus de formation de l'ozone dans la ville de mexico". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10037.
Texto completoTerrenoire, Étienne. "Application des systèmes MM5-CHIMERE et MM5-FLEXPART à la modélisation de l'ozone et des PM10 sur la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10043/document.
Texto completoAir pollution is a topical subject affecting both human health and the environment. Nowadays, two kind of pollution have been intensely studied, namely, the ozone and the particulate (PMIO, PM2.5 and PM1) pollution. During the thesis, the MM5-CHIMERE and the MM5-FLEXPART systems have been set up and optimised at the PC2A laboratory in order to study ozone and PM 10 pollution events. The performance of the MM5-CHIIMERE system has been evaluated for different topography and meteorological situations. Firstly, the modelled data are compared against observed data from the Atmo-NPDC air pollution monitoring network over the June-Ju!y 2006 heat wave period. Then, the dynamical and chemical performance of the models is assessed over the Dunkerque area for two periods in April and May 2006. For those two periods, measured data were collected during a field campaign achieved by the Laboratoire de Physicochimie Atmosphérique (LPCA) of the University du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO). Finally, the MM5-FLEXPART system was used to determine the origin of an intense PM10 event over the NPDC region. The influence of anthropogenic primary emission, grid and meteorological data resolution has also becn tested
Teyssedre, Hubert. "Observations satellitaires et modélisation de l'évolution à long terme de l'ozone stratosphérique et influence d'activités humaines". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30200.
Texto completoLacour, Sandrine. "Impact médico-économique et biologique d'une stratégie de prévention basée sur la pollution par l'ozone dirigée vers des patients insuffisants respiratoires". Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3307.
Texto completoIn Europe, the public is warned when ozone concentrations reach the 180 µg/m³/h threshold. However, persistent ambient ozone concentrations below this threshold can induce adverse effects on the health of people at risk. The PAPRICA study (French acronym for “ air pollution and respiratory disease : impact of communication about the air” ) assessed the impact on the health of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency of a prevention strategy based on ozone pollution notification (110 µg/m³/8h : ozone threshold value for the protection of human health ). Patients had a better feeling of their health and their quality of life as well as a lower medication consumption when they had been informed in advance about crossing of the 110 µg/m³/8h threshold, for which the public does not receive specific information currently
Lefêvre, Franck. "Étude des perturbations de l'ozone stratosphérique aux régions polaires à l'aide de mesures satellitaires et d'un modèle de circulation générale". Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT0091.
Texto completoGuion, Antoine. "Droughts and heatwaves in the Western Mediterranean, impact on ozone pollution". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS056.
Texto completoDroughts and heatwaves are extreme events able to affect both vegetation and atmospheric chemistry, notably through surface-troposphere interactions. The objective of this thesis is to assess their effects on biomass, fire activity and ozone pollution in the western Mediterranean. This study is mainly based on regional numerical models of the land surface (hydrology and vegetation) and the atmosphere (meteorology and atmospheric chemistry). In addition, several datasets of in situ and satellite observations are used.Identifying droughts and heatwaves over the period 1979-2016 (WRF-ORCHIDEE), I highlighted their spatial and temporal distribution. Based on observations (MODIS), I demonstrated that the decline in vegetation activity (decrease in biomass) is mainly attributable to droughts, while the increase in fire intensity results from a synergy between droughts and heatwaves. Finally, these events both lead to an increase in surface ozone concentration including simulated (CHIMERE) and observed (AQ e-Reporting) pollution peaks. This is explained by an increase in precursor emissions, a decrease in dry deposition in the canopy and favourable meteorological conditions for photochemistry
Bohler, Sacha. "Les effets de l'ozone sur les processus foliaires du peuplier : une approche protéomique". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10140/document.
Texto completoAfter the industrial revolution of the 1700s and 1800s, and the subsequent industrialization, many pollutants have accumulated in the atmosphere, mainly due to the use of coal and fossil fuels. Besides the primary pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, secondary oxides such as ozone started to accumulate. Nowadays, ozone is the third gas involved in global climate change, but is also a major health risk for humans, and induces considerable damage to vegetation. Starting in the 50s, ozone research was based on targeted studies. Nowadays, with the advent of global techniques such as transcriptomics and proteomics, new results can be produced in an unbiased way. In the thesis presented here, a proteomic study of the effects of ozone on poplar leaf processes was carried out. With the help of this technique, complemented with biochemical and physiological approaches and with morphological observations, it was possible to confirm previous results, but also to elaborate new hypotheses concerning the effects of ozone on poplar leaf metabolism. In parallel, studying the stress also allowed to clarify some of the changes that occur in metabolism during leaf development, under stress conditions and under control conditions. In this document, the procedures, results and conclusions obtained during this study are presented in detail
Veillerot, Marc. "Contribution des émissions de composés organiques volatils d'une usine de construction automobile à la formation de l'ozone troposphérique". Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0055.
Texto completoFischer, Laurent. "Etude de paramètres climatiques pertinents en vue de l'amélioration de la prévision des pointes de pollution par l'ozone dans l'agglomération de Strasbourg". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1GEO7.
Texto completoTerrenoire, Étienne. "Application des systèmes MM5-CHIMERE et MM5-FLEXPART à la modélisation de l'ozone et des PM10 sur la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10043.
Texto completoAir pollution is a topical subject affecting both human health and the environment. Nowadays, two kind of pollution have been intensely studied, namely, the ozone and the particulate (PMIO, PM2.5 and PM1) pollution. During the thesis, the MM5-CHIMERE and the MM5-FLEXPART systems have been set up and optimised at the PC2A laboratory in order to study ozone and PM 10 pollution events. The performance of the MM5-CHIIMERE system has been evaluated for different topography and meteorological situations. Firstly, the modelled data are compared against observed data from the Atmo-NPDC air pollution monitoring network over the June-Ju!y 2006 heat wave period. Then, the dynamical and chemical performance of the models is assessed over the Dunkerque area for two periods in April and May 2006. For those two periods, measured data were collected during a field campaign achieved by the Laboratoire de Physicochimie Atmosphérique (LPCA) of the University du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO). Finally, the MM5-FLEXPART system was used to determine the origin of an intense PM10 event over the NPDC region. The influence of anthropogenic primary emission, grid and meteorological data resolution has also becn tested
Kanoun, Myriam. "Impact de l'ozone sur le végétal : modification du métabolisme phénolique et altération de la Rubisco chez Phaseolus vulgaris L". Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3008.
Texto completoPalluau, Fabienne. "Mise au point et optimisation des techniques de prélèvement et d'analyse des composés organiques volatils (COV) dans l'atmosphère : Etude de l'influence de facteurs climatiques et de l'ozone sur les teneurs mesurées en COV". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13162.
Texto completoCoddeville, Patrice. "Formation de l'ozone, polluant de la troposphère : étude expérimentale dans l'environnement et par modélisation lagrangienneévaluation de l'impact de l'heure d'été sur la pollution photooxydante". Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10078.
Texto completoGilbert, Jean-Philippe. "La qualité de l'air au Québec : évolution spatio-temporelle de l'ozone troposphérique et des matières particulaires". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30329.
Texto completoDussert, Bertrand. "Polymerisation de composes aromatiques par oxydation : utilisation de l'ozone et des phenoloxydases, applications au traitement des eaux". Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0012.
Texto completoMichaudel, Chloé. "Pollution à l'ozone : maintien de la barrière pulmonaire via l'IL-33, implication des autres membres de la famille IL-1 et régulation cytokinique via AhR". Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2040.
Texto completoOzone is a common ambient air polluant. Ozone peaks induce increase of asthma exacerbation, respiratory distress, emergencies and hospital admissions. The aim of this thesis project is to dissect inflammatory mechanisms induced after ozone exposure. This study is conducted according three axes, the first two dealing with the roles of two alarmines, IL-1α and IL-33 and the third is focused on the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a receptor involved in several pollutant responses. Acute and chronic experimental models of ozone exposure were used to evaluate inflammatory parameters in lung, tissue damage and airway hyperresponsiveness. Here we show that acute ozone exposure induces IL-1α and IL-33 release. IL-33 acts on lung epithelial barrier, allowing the expression and maintenance of tight junctions induced after ozone exposure. Moreover, IL-33 represses neutrophils infiltration while IL-1α induces it. Furthermore we show that AhR is activated after chronic ozone exposure. AhR regulates cytokines production such as IL-17A and IL-22 and plays a protective role against higher inflammation. Overall, IL-33 production and AhR activation are necessary to control ozone-induced inflammation, in contrast to IL-1α. These findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of lung inflammation following ozone exposure
Nédélec, Philippe. "Mise au point d'un analyseur d'oxydes d'azote à haute sensibilité : application à l'étude de l'ozone et de ses précurseurs dans la troposphère". Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30259.
Texto completoDauphin, Pierre. "Evaluation de l'apport d'IASI-NG pour la caractérisation de la qualité de l'air en Europe au travers de l'ozone troposphérique". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077183.
Texto completoAir quality is a major societal issue with severe implications on human health and ecosystems and its evolution in the climate change context is not well known. Then, monitoring of air quality is an important objective for the following years. Ozone, secondarily produced in the atmosphere, is a harmful pollutant when its concentrations in the lower troposphere become larger than some exposure thresholds. It is then important to monitor its concentrations and to have the best adapted tools to forecast pollution events. In order to monitor and forecast air quality at the regional and continental scales, surface networks are insufficient because the vertical distribution of ozone becomes a key parameter to understand its distribution even in the lowermost troposphere. Satellite observations of the tropospheric composition have been largely developed since the last decade and start to bring useful information on tropospheric ozone given the vertical component of its distribution. However, the access to the lowermost troposphere remains limited. It is then important to quantify the improvement expected with future satellite missions. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the future instrument IASI-NG, which will be aboard the EUMETSAT MetOp-SG platform around 2020, for the air quality monitoring in Europe. We focused on the quantification of the performances of IASI-NG to measure ozone in the lower troposphere and the impact of this future instrument on the analysis and forecast systems of air quality. This evaluation has been done in comparison with the current performances of the IASI instrument. Firstly, we worked on the improvement of the retrieval algorithm of tropospheric ozone by optimizing the spectral window selection. We developed a method that allows the selections of the best spectral channels for the retrieval of ozone in the lower tropospher, i. E. Including the maximum of information on ozone and the least contamined by interfering species or variables. This method has been applied to several instrumental configurations (IASI, IASI-NG and MAGEAQ). Secondly, we quantified the impact of IASI-NG for the characterization of air quality at the European scale. For this, we implemented Observating System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs). A first step was to evaluate the improvements of IASI-NG for the retrieval of tropospheric ozone in comparison with IASI. We show in particular, that it will be possible to separate information on ozone from the lower ant the upper troposphere with IASI-NG whatever the atmospheric conditions. A second step was the analysis of the OSSEs results. This work showed the necessity of good calibration of the OSSE in order to correctly analyze the results. We showed that the IASI-NG observations, when assimilated in air quality modelsl, should improve the description of simulated ozone fields especially in terms of correlation
Hache, Emeric. "Apport de la bande de Chappuis pour la mesure de l'ozone depuis un satellite géostationnaire pour la surveillance de la qualité de l'air". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2483/.
Texto completoAir quality (AQ) concerns the atmospheric composition of the lowermost troposphere between the ground and 1 km heights. Air quality has a strong impact on human health and human activities ; it depends on chemical and transport processes and emissions. The temporal and spatial variability of AQ is ~1 hour and ~10 km. It is thus difficult to model and forecast AQ. It is therefore necessary to monitor key species for AQ, these include ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. This thesis focus on ozone measurement from a geostationary satellite with a simulated instrument that couples a thermal infrared band (TIR) with a visible band (VIS). The simulated instrument comes from the MAGEAQ (Monitoring the Atmosphere from Geostationary orbit for European Air Quality) concept proposed during the ESA EE-8 call in 2010. This thesis study the added value of the visible band of the instrument compared to the thermal infrared band on its own. We focus on the lowermost troposphere (between the ground and 1 km heights) during daytime to understand the visible contribution of the simulated instrument in the ozone measurement for AQ purpose. Also, we study the results of an Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs), which use the assimilation of the simulated observations into the chemistry transport model MOCAGE to quantify their impact on the Global Observing System (GOS), for ozone determination for air quality purpose
Podor, Myriam. "Effets de la sécheresse et de l'ozone sur le statut hydrique et la gestion du carbone chez le pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill. )". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL040N.
Texto completoCroué, Jean-Philippe. "Contribution a l'etude de l'oxydation par le chlore et l'ozone d'acides fulviques naturels extraits d'eaux de surface". Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2289.
Texto completoIrmouli, Mohammed. "Contribution à la caractérisation chimique des eaux d'étuvage du bois de hêtre (Fagus sylvatica L. ) et de leur charge de pollution : élaboration d'un traitement d'épuration par l'ozone, et par coagulation-floculation-décantation". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10321.
Texto completoThis thesis concern the wastewater reatment. A study has been made of the influence of steaming treatment on the chemical change of beech wood on environmental consequences of wastewater discharge before treatment. The first part of this study involves the chemical characterization of wastewaters. As second part of study present a pollution charge of wastewaters. Two process for depollution are investigated : use ozonation treatment and coagulation - flocculation fellowed by settling. Finally, the combination of two process conducted to complet depollution of wastewaters
Forêt, Gilles. "Etude numérique multi échelle des processus dynamiques et photochimique contrôlant les distributions troposphériques de l'ozone et de ses précurseurs : impact des circulations locales et de la convection profonde dans le cadre de l'expérience INDOEX". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF22449.
Texto completoHostachy, Jean-Christophe. "Réduction de la charge polluante des effluents du blanchiment de la pate à papier par un traitement à l'ozone". Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0167.
Texto completoDubuisson, Candice. "Impact de la pollution atmosphérique par l’ozone sur la communication chimique plante-pollinisateur : le cas de deux interactions emblématiques en Méditerranée". Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG001.
Texto completoAmong the pollutants present in the troposphere, ozone (O3) is probably one of the most stressful for organisms, owing to its strong oxidizing potential. For example, high concentrations of O3 ([O3]) can affect the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that allow plants to communicate with their environment. Moreover, O3 can react with these VOCs in the atmosphere to create new molecules, thus degrading the chemical signals upon which plant-insect interactions, including plant-pollinator interactions, depend. Many studies have shown the effects of O3 on the vegetative parts of plants but very few have studied their effects on their reproductive parts, which are generally responsible for the attraction of pollinators. This work therefore aims to provide knowledge on the effect of O3 in plant-pollinator chemical communication, namely, its effects on (i) the emission of floral VOCs by the plant, (ii) the chemical signal during its transport in the atmosphere and (iii) the recognition of this signal by pollinators.In the Mediterranean region, the interactions between the Mediterranean fig tree, Ficus carica (Moraceae), and its specific pollinator, Blastophaga psenes (Agaonidae), and between the true lavender, Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiaceae), and its generalist pollinator, the honeybee, Apis mellifera (Apidae), are the two emblematic study models chosen to meet the objectives of this dissertation, owing to their specificity and to the frequency and intensity of O3 pollution peaks in this region.This work combined descriptive and experimental studies to determine (i) the daily rate of VOCs emission from flowering plants, (ii) the in natura variation in emission of floral VOCs from fig trees exposed chronically or punctually to O3 pollution and other variables affected by climate change, (iii) the response of plants exposed under controlled conditions to a peak of O3 pollution, in terms of their emission of floral VOCs, (iv) the reaction of O3 with floral VOCs in a controlled atmosphere, and (v) the consequences of these two effects on the attraction of pollinators.The results show that (i) for both models, VOCs emission is correlated with light intensity but also shows different emission peaks during the day, depending on identity of the VOCs; (ii) for F. carica, there is marked seasonal variation in the emission of VOCs in natura, with light intensity, temperature, drought and chronic and acute source of O3 pollution responsible for variations in the emission of floral VOCs; (iii) for both species, exposure under controlled conditions for 5h to 200 ppb O3 (maximum ([O3] recorded in the last 15 years in the Mediterranean region) has no immediate effect on emission of floral VOCs, but (iv) floral VOCs alone exposed to different [O3] react differentially with the pollutant to form new molecules, thus modifying the proportions of VOCs in the mixture at [O3] as low as 40 ppb, and finally, (v) in F. carica, these modifications of VOCs significantly inhibit the attraction of the specific pollinator. This study highlights sources of variation in floral VOC emission in the two model species but also provides an integrative view of the effect of acute exposure to high [O3] on the concentration of VOCs around these plants. Behavioral tests with different pollinators are now essential to characterize the resilience of these interactions to the [O3]-induced variations in VOCs highlighted in this study. More generally, this work points to the importance of studying factors of climate change co-occurring in natura, including the effects of the concentrations of different air pollutants, on chemical communication in different plant-pollinator interactions in order to define measures to protect these interactions in the face of current and future environmental changes
Chassard, Guillaume. "Interaction de l’ozone avec des particules carbonées : cinétiques de capture, dégradation des HAP et impact sur la réponse inflammatoire épithéliale". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10140/document.
Texto completoSoot particles, ubiquitous in the urban atmosphere, exhibit extreme chemical and morphological complexity. Adsorbed on their surface, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have a proven pulmonary toxicity. During atmospheric transport, they may, through oxidation and photolysis process, form oxygenated and nitrated products about which health impacts are not well known. We propose to characterize the atmospheric aging of soot particles and to study the impact of aging on the lungs. This work deals with the generation of soot models particles; laboratory simulation of aging by exposures to ozone; and the study of the inflammatory effects of aged or not particles on lung cells. In a first step a carbonaceous aerosol has been exposed to ozone in a flow reactor. The influences of contact time, initial ozone concentration, relative humidity, UV radiations and particle size were studied. The role of the atomic oxygen in the reaction mechanism was also evaluated. Then the heterogeneous reactivity between PAHs adsorbed on carbonaceous particles and ozone has been investigated. Degradation kinetics of particulate PAHs were thus performed. Finally, we studied the inflammatory response of PAHs alone or in particulate phase on lung cells by assay of pro-inflammatory interleukins. The effect of aging models particles and the role of pulmonary surfactant were evaluated
Pelloux, Jérôme. "Contribution à l'étude des effets de l'ozone, de la sécheresse et du stress salin sur le métabolisme carboné du pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill. ). Régulation de la rubisco et de la rubisco activase". Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10086.
Texto completoThe decline of aleppo pine forests (Pinus halepensis M. ) observed in natural conditions have prompted research concerning the effects of abiotic stresses on this species. For this purpose, the effects of ozone, water stress and salt stress on aleppo pine's carbon metabolism were carried out in this study. Ozone did induce chlorotic mottles, linked to a decrease in chlorophyll content. A decline in total rubiseo activity, and an increase in the activities of several enzymes associated to the catabolic pathway such as pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc) and malic enzymes (EM-NAD and EM-NADP) were shown in needles of pines submitted to ozone. These results tend to show that an increase in compounds potentially used in detoxifying repair processes is occuring under ozone stress. Water and salt stresses would limit the deleterious effects of ozone on plant metabolism, presumably by inducing stomatal closure which would limit the pollutant input into the leaves. Studies on the regulation of rubisco and rubisco aetivase, were undertaken at a molecular level in needles of pines submitted to ozone and/or drought. For this purpose, the cloning of cDNA fragments coding for rubisco large subunit (LSU) and for rubisco activase (RCA) was realized, allowing a phylogenetic analysis of both proteins. A decrease of LSU and RCA protein quantities, associated to a transcriptional regulation, was shown in response to ozone,> suggesting a potential coregulation of both proteins in those particular conditions. Even though the effects of drought on the large subunit of rubisco and on rubisco activase were similar, no correlation between the effects of this stress on the two proteins could be drawn. When ozone was combined to drought, a difference in the regulation of rubisco large subunit and of rubisco activase was shown. Under those conditions, rubisco large subunit was under a transcriptional control whereas rubisco activase was under a post transcriptionnal regulation. For the very first time in this study, a conifer' s rubisco activase is partially cloned and its regulation studied in reponse to abiotic constraints