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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Polluants organiques – Variations saisonnières"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Polluants organiques – Variations saisonnières"
Asslouj, Jaouad El, Sanae Kholtei, Namira El Amrani-Paaza y Abderrauf Hilali. "Impact des activités anthropiques sur la qualité des eaux souterraines de la communauté Mzamza (Chaouia, Maroc)**". Revue des sciences de l'eau 20, n.º 3 (1 de octubre de 2007): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016505ar.
Texto completoKemmou, Souad, Jamal-Eddine Dafir, Mohamed Wartiti y Mohamed Taoufik. "Variations saisonnières et mobilité potentielle du phosphore sédimentaire de la retenue de barrage Al Massira (Maroc)". Water Quality Research Journal 41, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2006): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2006.046.
Texto completoServe, L., F. Gadel, J. L. Lliberia y J. L. Blaz. "Caractères biogéochimiques de la matière organique dans la colonne d'eau et les sédiments d'un écosystème saumâtre: l'étang de Thau - Variations saisonnières". Revue des sciences de l'eau 12, n.º 4 (12 de abril de 2005): 619–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705369ar.
Texto completoFanget, B., O. Devos y E. Naffrechoux. "Rôle des acides humiques dans le transfert du pyrène entre les minéraux argileux et l'eau". Revue des sciences de l'eau 15 (12 de abril de 2005): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705488ar.
Texto completoOuazzani, N., L. Bouarab, B. Picot, H. B. Lazrek, B. Oudra y J. Bontoux. "Variations saisonnières des formes de phosphores dans une station de traitement des eaux usées par lagunage, sous climat aride de Marrakech (Maroc)". Revue des sciences de l'eau 10, n.º 4 (12 de abril de 2005): 527–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705292ar.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Polluants organiques – Variations saisonnières"
Debevec, Cécile. "Identification des déterminants de la concentration en polluants organiques gazeux dans le bassin méditerranéen Est". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10138/document.
Texto completoVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a key role within the atmospheric system acting as precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (OA). In the Mediterranean region, particulate and gaseous concentrations are usually higher than in most continental European regions especially during summertime. However, air pollution in this region remains difficult to characterize because of a lack of atmospheric measurements. This thesis provides a better understanding of the sources and fate of VOCs in the Eastern Mediterranean region. During the intensive field campaign held in March 2015 at a background site of Cyprus, real-time measurements of a large number of VOCs have been performed, allowing the evaluation of their concentration levels in ambient air, improving the understanding of their major sources in the area, and describing their variabilities and their potential origins. A factorial analysis (PMF) showed that the local biogenic sources and the regional background were found to be the largest contributors to the VOC concentrations observed at this site. Benefiting from real-time OA measurements, a parallel between organic aerosol and gas phase composition was conducted. Biogenic VOC interactions with anthropogenic compounds can influence formation and growth of newly particles, inducing a reinforcement of secondary OA fraction. Finally, on-line measurements of primary VOCs were performed from January 2015 to February 2016 to provide a better characterization of the seasonal variation in VOCs and their sources impacting the Eastern Mediterranean region
Badol, Caroline. "Caractérisation des composés organiques volatils dans une atmosphère urbaine sous influence industrielle : de l'identification à la contribution des sources". Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Badol.pdf.
Texto completoMoustafa, Ahmad. "Caractérisation chimique (minérale et organique) des lixiviats issus de la décharge des déchets à Tripoli-Liban". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR008.
Texto completoThe global production of waste is increasing rapidly, posing a source of threat to living beings, human health and the environment. Most of the waste produced is disposed of in poorly controlled landfills, especially in third world countries such as Lebanon. The waste is subjected to degradation processes resulting in the release of many toxic substances mainly leachate which is loaded with pollutants constituting a major source of environmental pollution. In Lebanon, waste is disposed of in uncontrolled landfills without any prior sorting. The Tripoli landfill is one of the most dangerous landfills in Lebanon due to the disposal of leachate in the aquatic environment without any treatment.Our research work aims to study the physico-chemical characteristics; the temporal and seasonal variation in the quality of the leachate from the Tripoli landfill in northern Lebanon, and the estimation of the probable risk of leachate in the study area. In order to meet these objectives, several sampling campaigns were carried out covering the summer and winter periods, as well as the old and new cells of the body of the landfill. The variation of the 100 leachate quality parameters, namely dissolved organic components; inorganic macro-components; metallic trace elements; and xenobiotic organic compounds were monitored according to standard methods of wastewater analysis using specific laboratory equipment. Analyzes of the leachate quality showed a large variation between the two-landfill units. The content of the majority of pollutants (organic and mineral) detected in the new landfill unit is much higher than that found in the old unit. This indicates the heterogeneous state of the landfill body and the influence of age on the quality of the leachate. The quantity and quality of the leachate is strongly correlated with climatic conditions and it depends on the pollutant studied, reflecting the complexity of the seasonal effect on the quality of the leachate from the Tripoli landfill. High values of LPI (Leachate Pollution Index) and leachate pH were found which show the age of the Tripoli landfill. High values of LPI and the annual flow of pollutants (organic and mineral) were found, which shows the high toxicity of the leachate as well as the occasional pollution of the different behaviors of the neighboring aquatic environment (Abou Ali River and Mediterranean Sea).The results obtained in this study give a clear picture of the leachate quality of the Tripoli landfill; which will be used to set corrective and preventive actions for the hazardous situation of the landfill, and to attract the attention of local and national managers to limit the danger and move towards a good management of leachate rejected by the establishment of a specific treatment system of leachate
Cocquempot, Boris. "Composés organiques halogénés volatils en milieu marin : Origines biologiques et flux vers l'atmosphère". Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2033.
Texto completoThe volatil halogenated organic compounds were studied at the same time in-situ, in the marine environment, and as the time of experiments in-vitro, with for objectives examining their origins and behaviour in coastal water, and also determining flows towards the atmosphere of them. In the marine environment work was undertaken in two distincts zones. On the continental shelf South-Brittany they allowed the description of the production of VHOC brominated by the diatoms ant that of CH2CII by the cyanobacteria. In the bay of Morlaix this work allowed the description of the role of the macroalgues as producer of brominated precursors (HOBr) and of the dissolved organic matter in the production of brominated VHOC. This study also made it possible to show the capacity of light to generate a direct production of these compounds. The fields of algae of bay of Morlaix are a relatively important source of biogenic VHOC for the atmosphere. This source could be quantified in term of flow. These flows present marked seasonal variations, they are maxima between the end of spring and the middle of the summer. Over one year the quantities exported (G ha-1 year-1) are included between 0, 8 for CH2CII and 166,2 for CHBr3. The experiments carried out in laboratories made it possible to show the importance of the physiology of the macroalgae in the production of VHOC. The presence of parasite like factor of increase or adaptation of the production was thus highlighted at C. Crispus and Gracilaria sp
Lottmann, Audrey. "Etude de l'aérosol organique urbain à l'échelle moléculaire : Identification des sources, de leur abondance et des variations saisonnières". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13190.
Texto completoBecause of their negative effects on human health, and more generally on the whole environment, a particular interest about particles is increasing. Indeed, the European regulation evolves continuously. . In France, the characterization of the chemical composition of particulate organic matter (POM) is still largely insufficient. The general concern of this work is to access to a better knowledge of the organic components of the aerosols. Initially, a bibliographical study makes it possible to reveal the dominant sources of organic aerosols in urban zone. Vehicular exhaust, biomass burning and the emissions related to the cooking activities are often considered as the main sources. It is then necessary to select the tracers refering to these dominant sources. These molecules must be characteristic. Nevertheless, we questioned ourselves about the validity of these tracers, and have done some tests at sources. PM10 and PM 2. 5 particles were collected on a background urban site in Strasbourg (67), during one year, in order to reveal if possible after analysis, a variability of the chemical composition of the organic aerosol, as well as the influence of the different sources. Particles were also collected on the TOTAL Research Center site of Solaize (69), under industrial and motorway direct influences. Once collected on the quartz filter by high volume samplers Digitel DA 80, the particles are soxhlet extracted, and then separated into 3 fractions thanks to Flash Chromatography, in order to decrease the background noise. Thus separated, the 3 fractions obtained can be analysed :- non polar fraction : linear alkanes, the phytane and the pristane by GC-FID with an external calibration; - semi polar fraction : the HAP are analyzed by HPLC, with an external calibration; cholesterol is analyzed by GC-MS with addition of an internal standard, after a derivatisation with BSTFA + 1% TMCS; the analysis of benzothiazole was tried by GC-MS but however did not succeed; - polar fraction : the levoglucosan is analyzed by GC-MS with addition of an internal standard, after a derivatisation with BSTFA + 1% TMCS; the n-alkanoic acids and the methoxyphenols are analyzed with addition of an internal standard, after a derivatisation with the MBDSTFA. This study reveals that the concentrations observed in Strasbourg, considered as a background urban site, are generally lower than in the literature, where the studies are generally carried out in great metropolis, in China or in the United States for example. Nevertheless, Strasbourg remains a site relatively affected by the anthropic activities (automotive exhaust, cooking, heating). A clear seasonal influence is highlighted, with higher concentrations in winter than in summer. The concentrations observed in Solaize are much higher than those of Strasbourg, reflecting the industrial activity added to the intensive motorway circulation
Kamel, Naouel. "Effets combinés des facteurs environnementaux et des polluants chimiques chez la moule Mytilus galloprovincialis : harmonisation des biomarqueurs d’exposition suivant lesrecommandations OSPAR et MEDPOL". Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=a3c3b77f-66c2-4c24-8210-2922f440eca3.
Texto completoThe assessment of the environmental quality of aquatic ecosystem used an integrated approach of chemistry and biology. The influence of temperature on the Response of biomarkers has been studied in experimental conditions on mussels from the Bizerte lagoon exposed to Benzo [a] pyrene. In situ experiments have allowed us to track changes in biochemical and physiological mechanisms in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from two little and heavily contaminated Bizerte lagoon sites. Spatial and seasonal variations in a battery of biomarkers were analyzed in relation to environmental parameters. Approach coupling interactions between abiotic and biotic factors in space and time identified the rise in temperature in summer and effort laying the greatest impact as parameters of metabolic adaptive response. The metabolic response of adaptation is based on an monthly monitoring for two seasonal cycles, a battery of effect and exposure biomarkers (benzopyrene hydroxylase, glutathione Stransferase, multxenobiotics resistance, the acetylcholinesterase, catalase, malondialdehyde, the stability of lysosomal membranes and DNA strand breaks (Comet assay)) and physiological markers (condition and gonadic indices) on two sites and some highly contaminated by heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorobyphenils. The monthly survey of two seasonal cycles also allowed (1) to apply the biological response index (IBR : integrated biological response) for an integrated interpretation of biomarkers for chronic exposure and (2) to propose thresholds no effect (BAC : background assessment criteria ) and thresholds with effects of chemical contaminants (EAC : Environment assessment criteria ) with the aim of standardizing the interpretation of biomarkers in monitoring a Mediterranean lagoon in northern Tunisia
Marín, Leal Julio César. "Interactions trophiques entre l’huître creuse Crassostrea gigas et les suspensivores benthiques dans deux écosystèmes intertidaux en Basse-Normandie : utilisation des isotopes stables naturels (δ13C, δ15N) et des profils acides gras". Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2063.
Texto completoShellfish culture zones are singular ecosystems where particulate organic matter sources (POMS) are diverse and where interspecific trophic relations between benthic suspensivores are particularly complex. In this study, the compositions of both natural stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and fatty acid biomarkers were used to evaluate the temporal dynamic of POMS contributions (marine organic matter (PhyOM), microphytobenthos (MPB), terrestrial organic matter (TOM), sedimented organic matter (SOM) and the macroalgae Ulva sp. And Fucus serratus) to the diet of the oyster Crassostrea gigas and of its potential competitors i. E. Mytilus edulis, Cerastoderma edule, Crepidula fornicata, Lanice conchilega and Sabellaria alveolata, this in two contrasted ecosystems of Normandy (France) : the Bay of Veys (BDV) and Lingreville (LIN). The isotopic approach has shown that PhyOM was the main food source for bivalves, particularly in LIN due to the strong marine influence. However, the MPB and the TOM detritus as well as the macroalgae contributed to the diet of suspensivores during the summer and the autumn in BDV. This discovery was confirmed by the seasonal monitoring of fatty acid biomarkers, which has shown a high contribution of the diatoms and also a significant contribution of bacteria. The dynamic of the trophic relations of macroinvertebrates was time-dependent, according to the seasonal character of food available. The interspecific competition is not very likely because the species have shown the capacity to use the various sources available along the year and especially for C. Fornicata, L. Conchilega and S. Alveolata
Ait-Helal, Warda. "Les composés organiques gazeux en périphérie de deux mégapoles, Paris et Los Angeles : sources, variabilité et impact sur l'aérosol organique secondaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10173.
Texto completoSecondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) impacts air quality and climate change. However, its ambient concentrations are still underestimated. A large discrepancy has been observed between estimations and observations of SOA in urban areas as well as in remote areas, since the sources and the nature of the SOA precursors, the Gaseous Organic Compounds (GOCs), and the SOA formation mechanisms remain unclear. The studies presented here aim (1) to characterize the GOCs, including important SOA precursors, in urban area by studying their determinants and their sources, and (2) to study the GOCs impact on the SOA formation in urban area. To answer these objectives, we studied GOCs measured at suburban sites of Paris and Los Angeles megacities, as part of the MEGAPOLI (summer 2009 and winter 2010) and CalNex (spring 2010) programs, respectively. From the study of the organic fractions of the particulate- and the gas-phases with air quality indicators and meteorological data, (1) we identified the GOCs determinants, (2) we identified their sources and quantified their relative contribution to the GOCs emissions according to the season, by implementing the source receptor model PMF, and (3) we estimated the impact of the GOCs on the SOA formation. In summer and in winter, the GOCs measured in Paris are strongly associated with the “remote” and “OVOCs” source profiles. The highest contributions to the emissions of GOCs measured in Los Angeles are associated to the anthropogenic source profiles. As for the SOA formation, these studies highlighted for the first time the importance of the Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds (I-VOCs) in the SOA formation from their measurements in Paris
Ait-Helal, Warda. "Les composés organiques gazeux en périphérie de deux mégapoles, Paris et Los Angeles : sources, variabilité et impact sur l'aérosol organique secondaire". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10173/document.
Texto completoSecondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) impacts air quality and climate change. However, its ambient concentrations are still underestimated. A large discrepancy has been observed between estimations and observations of SOA in urban areas as well as in remote areas, since the sources and the nature of the SOA precursors, the Gaseous Organic Compounds (GOCs), and the SOA formation mechanisms remain unclear. The studies presented here aim (1) to characterize the GOCs, including important SOA precursors, in urban area by studying their determinants and their sources, and (2) to study the GOCs impact on the SOA formation in urban area. To answer these objectives, we studied GOCs measured at suburban sites of Paris and Los Angeles megacities, as part of the MEGAPOLI (summer 2009 and winter 2010) and CalNex (spring 2010) programs, respectively. From the study of the organic fractions of the particulate- and the gas-phases with air quality indicators and meteorological data, (1) we identified the GOCs determinants, (2) we identified their sources and quantified their relative contribution to the GOCs emissions according to the season, by implementing the source receptor model PMF, and (3) we estimated the impact of the GOCs on the SOA formation. In summer and in winter, the GOCs measured in Paris are strongly associated with the “remote” and “OVOCs” source profiles. The highest contributions to the emissions of GOCs measured in Los Angeles are associated to the anthropogenic source profiles. As for the SOA formation, these studies highlighted for the first time the importance of the Intermediate Volatility Organic Compounds (I-VOCs) in the SOA formation from their measurements in Paris
Marie, Lauriane. "Composition, transfert et dynamique de la matière organique dissoute (MOD) dans les eaux fluviales et estuariennes : impact des activités agricoles". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0101/document.
Texto completoIn watersheds under strong agricultural pressure, manuring activities, particularly animal farming, are the main source of dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, the composition, the role and the fate of this DOM have been poorly studied. This study focuses on the sources, dynamics and transformation of the DOM and its constituents in riverine and estuarine systems affected by different agricultural practices. The analysis of DOM was performed using two recent and innovative analytical techniques: (i) an electrochemical method (DP-CSV), allowed us to characterize simultaneously three dissolved organic compounds: glutathione (GSH-like), thioacetamide (TA-like), and fulvic acids (FA-like), (ii) a size exclusion liquid chromatography coupled to an carbon, nitrogen and UV detector (LC-OCD-OND-UVD) allowed the DOM pool to be subdivided into 6 major sub-fractions. Relative to the pristine river, concentrations of organic compounds were found to be 1.5 to 4 times higher in impacted systems. These anomalies are related to the agricultural pressure and also to the type of livestock. Our results also showed that the seasonal variations were controlled by different processes: soil washing-out during high precipitation events for FA-like compounds which represent the major part of DOM, formation in deep horizons then rising of groundwater for TA-like compounds and a pedogenic and aquatic origin for GSH-like compounds. Along the salinity gradient, GSH-like and FA-like displayed a conservative behaviour whereas TA-like do not behave conservatively with important removals