Tesis sobre el tema "Politique et gouvernement – Pays de l'Union européenne – 1990-2020"
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El, Qadim Nora. "Négocier l'asymétrie : les politiques extérieures européennes au regard des relations entre acteurs marocains et européens du gouvernement des migrations". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0054.
Texto completoThis dissertation examines Morocco-EU negotiations on migrations since 1999, and specifically since 2003, when both partners started negotiating a readmission agreement. The purpose of such an agreement is to make it easier to deport undocumented migrants. Using a postcolonial approach, this work questions existing analyses of the EU’s external policy and their Eurocentric tendencies. The objective is to pluralize the subjects of international negotiations. The first step towards this objective is to study the historical and institutional complexity of Moroccan as well as European actors. A second important step is to offer a sociological analysis of resistance practices of Moroccan actors to pressures from the EU and European countries. I demonstrate in this work that negotiations, far from being limited to the realm of high politics, are part of the day-to-day practices of administrative actors who are engaged in national and international competition. It through the analysis of everyday contestations that one can understand the agency of Moroccan actors and the ways in which they constantly question the asymmetry of their relationships with European countries
Bruno, Isabelle. "Déchiffrer l'"Europe compétitive" : étude du benchmarking comme technique de coordination intergouvernementale dans le cadre de la stratégie de Lisbonne". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0036.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis deals with the political implications of using benchmarking as a technique of intergovernmental co-ordination in the framework of the Lisbon strategy. The first part the course of this managerial tool, developed by Japanese industry in the fifties, and then codified by quality management in the United States. Imported in state administration by the New Public Management, this means of steering and monitoring organizations has spread in the European Union through the Industry DG and the ERT. In March 2000, the heads of state or government set benchmarking as the centerpiece of a decennial program, in order to make the EU « become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world ». Cornerstone of the « open method of co-ordination, benchmarking consists in assessing comparatively national performances. This exercise is based on statistical indicators, scoreboards and international charts. By mediating the intergovernmental relations, it is supposed to generate emulation and prompt decision-makers to arrange business-friendly regulatory environment. The second part presents two empirical case studies which shed light on the way benchmarking guides the European construction. The one shows how it shapes the « European Research Area » as a competitiveness-oriented market. The other brings out its failures as a social inclusion catalyst
Dufief, Elise. "The politics of election monitoring : the case of Ethiopia and the European Union". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0103.
Texto completoMy dissertation examines the construction of power relations in the international system, through the lens of international election monitoring and its politics. Focusing on the relationship between the European Union and Ethiopia, I argue that election monitoring reflects a complex hierarchy of power and serves contradicting purposes. In the hands of the monitors, it is an instrument of discipline, intended to monitor domestic behavior and enforce a standard of performance. The recipient of monitors, while accepting the general rule, finds interstices to manoeuvre within, playing with and against interests and agendas of external actors. Ultimately, the politics of election observing functions as an arena of struggle where power strategies are at stake. Power relations are eventually reversed when international actors are weakened, giving more space for the recipient country to pursue its own electoral strategies
Ragaru, Nadège. "Apprivoiser les transformations post-communistes en Bulgarie : la fabrique du politique (1989-2004)". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0024.
Texto completoSmedslund, Katja. "Les violences conjugales à l'égard des femmes en Europe : analyse socio-politique contemporaine et perspectives d'action dans l'Union Européenne". Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030127.
Texto completoFollowing international awareness through United Nations World Conferences on Women, marked by the turn of the Beijing Conference in 1995, the issue of intimate partnership violence against women in the European Union and its eradication arises as a complex and current challenge to the society. This European awakening takes place more specifically starting from the end of the Nineties and concerns all European bodies in particular through the works of the EU, the Council of Europe (all EU countries being members of the Council of Europe) and the European Women Lobby. One of the most important tools implemented at the European Union level in 1997, the program Daphne, clearly gives a report on a multi-field approach from the European point of view. The whole of this work requires, to begin with, a thorough study of the width of the phenomenon, its perimeter and its major causes related to gender violence in order to allow a critical analysis of the implemented European and national policies against intimate partnership violence. This approach will allow us, through a sociopolitical dimension, to reflect upon the importance of multi-field measures and the possibility and the relevance of a European harmonization of the policies and legislations to fight efficiently against this huge plague
Cassagnau, Olivier. "Le Royaume-Uni et la dimension fédéraliste de la construction européenne depuis 1997". Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030152.
Texto completoThere are numerous books about federalist studies – particularly in their European dimension, since, according to numerous Europhiles, the federal model is the one most appropriate to the unification of a domain that is very diverse culturally speaking and peopled with over five hundred million inhabitants. There have also been many books written on New Labour and aspects of Tony Blair’s policies. On the other hand, as far as we know, there are but few books of primary or secondary literature linking the two topics of federalism and British studies expressly, particularly as far as Tony Blair’s first two terms (1997-2005) are concerned. This was an important time for the advancement of federalist ideas in Europe, with strong progress prompted by the European Union such as the extension of the Schengen area to almost all the states in Western Europe, the creation of the euro and fresh impetus for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) with the creation of a European rapid reaction force. It is this gap we mean to fill in this piece of work
Weske, Simone. "Die Kluft zwischen Regierenden und Regierten in der Europapolitik : ein deutsch-französischer Vergleich nationaler Repräsentationsprozesse in europapolitischen Fragen". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0022.
Texto completoSometimes, national governments pursue a European policy which is not in line with the preferences of their citizens. Under what conditions such a gap between government and people can be bridged – and under what conditions it persits? This doctoral thesis examines this double question using the example of France and Germany. It develops seven hypotheses concerning the conditions of responsiveness (governmental action follows popular preferences) and of leadership (popular preferences follow governmental action). If neither repsonsiveness nor leadership is possible, a gap between government and people cannot be bridge, the thesis argues. The empirical findings confirm the hypotheseses. They show furthermore that varying political and cultural contextes offer varying chances of success for responsiveness and leadership : The French political system favours responsiveness whereas the German political system favours leadership. Moreover, the empirical findings show why it is often difficult to bridge the gap between government and people in European politics : Frequently, a lack of political offer hinders responsiveness and, at the same time, a lack of coherency within the political elite hinders effective leadership. These circumstances risk to alienate the wider public more and more from the process of European integration
Zareba, Wioletta. "L’élaboration de la Politique européenne de voisinage et la gestion du problème des frontières : le rôle des nouveaux États membres (notamment celui de la Pologne)". Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030070.
Texto completoThe European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) was developed in order to insure a zone of stability and prosperity on the borders of the European Union (EU). It aims at strengthening political, economic, cultural, and security cooperation between the EU and its neighbours. Its objective is to engage neighbouring States into a mutually beneficial cooperation with the EU. The present doctorate thesis focuses on the Eastern dimension of the ENP which includes Eastern States like Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. These countries have an important role to play in the EU international straetegy. New Eastern European countries adhering in 2004 brought in a new frailty yet creating a strong pressure group asking for a strong commitment of the EU in matters related to immediate neighbourhood. Those countries are thoroughly aware of the economic situation of the region and have a wide experience cooperating with Belarus, Russia and Ukraine; they sought to have an influence on the Community's foreign affairs policy by means of new paths of action. The aim of this research concerns the global evaluation of the new Members States' - and Poland's in particular - part in and the contribution to jointly elaborating the Eastern European Union's eastern policy for the years 2004-2007
Gérard, Frédéric. "L' élaboration d'une conviction en contexte d'incertitude cognitive : le choix français de la réduction du temps de travail pour lutter contre le chômage". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040192.
Texto completoHow to explain the existence of a public policy in its given contents? How to explain its changes in time? To answer this double interrogation, we cross the border which separates policy analysis from the sociology of public action and we put forward the draft of an actionnist model. In our view, a policy is an attempt, by public decision makers, to make a loop between the system of expectations they assume in a specific network of public action and the evolution of reality that this network deals with. Consequently, if they resort to a public action, it is because there is a sufficiently grave gap between their system of expectations and reality, because they have alternatives and because one of them is perceived as relatively adequate with the reduction of his gap. When this public action introduces a major break in the course of the policy, it is because the public system of expectations is significantly altered, either by political impetus, or by policy oriented learning. We undertake to test this model of the "good reasons" on the ground of working time policies to fight unemployment on the one hand, we proceed to a rigorous, systematic and quantitative comparison of policies of this type followed in the states of Europe of the fifteen and in Norway, over the period 1978-2000, to show their causes. On the other hand, in a french monograph, we follow the successes, the failures and the re-formations of a "planning" project of working-time reduction since its elaboration, in the years 1975-1979, until its realization, in 1998, in the form of the first Aubry law on the "35 hours"
Ní, Chiosáin Bairbre. "Immigration en Irlande 1992-2008 : vers une politique d'intégration ?" Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030203/document.
Texto completoThis thesis studies government policy regarding immigration and integration in Ireland between 1992 and 2008. It assesses the different measures put in place by the authorities to deal with the increasing numbers of immigrants, both economic migrants and asylum seekers/refugees, arriving in the country at a time of considerable economic growth. It examines how public services like education, health and policing have adapted to the increasing diversity of the country’s population, and analyses the effectiveness of the structures which have been created by the government to promote equality and counter racism and discrimination. It is argued that the government has considered immigration largely in economic terms and has failed to put in place a coherent policy of integration and social inclusion
Demailly, Damien. "Compétitivité et fuites de carbone dans l'industrie sous politique climatique asymétrique". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0152.
Texto completoWithin a close economy, the economic efficiency of a tradable CO2 allowance system is maximum when all allowances are auctioned. Within an open economy, the competitiveness losses and carbon leakage challenge this efficiency for industrial sectors like cement or steel. There are two alternatives: border adjustment and output-based allocation. The former is politically sensitive but economically justified. The economic efficiency of the latter is dubious: there are many uncertainties on the magnitude of potential competitiveness losses and carbon leakage. These uncertainties are due to the lack empirical works on some key parameters and to the weakness of existing modelling works which assess these losses and leakage. Alternative modelling works lead to a better understanding of industrials dynamics but to similarly poor assessment
Mongrenier, Jean-Sylvestre. "Les enjeux géopolitiques du projet français de défense européenne". Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083628.
Texto completoSince the implementation of the « army model 2015 », in 1996, President Jacques Chirac and the French government have made from the « Defense Europe » the director line of the national defense politics. In the main geopolitical representations, a future European defense must be the instrument of a European force pole –The power Europe- in a “multiple world”. More secretively affirmed, the stake is to put France in the « leader-nation » of the European defense and to reaffirm its motor role inside a German-French core. This French « great strategy » is combined with the politics and the representations, not without competitions and antagonisms, NATO’s allies and partners. The American administrations have manifested their reserves on the project. This interferes with the will of Vladimir Putin of re-establishing the Russian power in its historical area of influence and to weigh on the redefinition of the European equilibriums. In the Mediterranean and its middle-east extensions, the American force projection and NATO’s activism reduce the margin of manœuvre of the European Union. The reserves of the European public opinion, the transformation of the Union in a fearful pan-European confederation and the French ‘no’ for the constitutional treaty hypothecate the project of the European defense
Michondard, Eric. "La transition du système stratégique occidental et l'identité européenne de sécurité et de défense : 1990-2000". Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33043.
Texto completoShabelnikova, Olga. "Evolution de la politique de l'Union Européenne en Azerbaïdjan : 1991-2014". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG047.
Texto completoThe PhD thesis considers the European Union’s policy towards the Republic of Azerbaijan (1991-2014). It studies the evolution of the EU - Azerbaijan relationship and the main factors that influence on its dynamics. Special attention is given to the main programs of the cooperation - the «European Neighborhood Policy» and the «Eastern Partnership». The main documents regulating the relations are reviewed
Ravinel, Chantal de. "Acteurs et recomposition d'un territoire agricole : exemple d'une région de moyenne montagnes : les Combrailles". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20007.
Texto completoGiuashvili, Teona. "Understanding security policies of the EU and Russia in the "shared neighbourhood" : the case of Georgia". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0057.
Texto completoThe present dissertation aims to study the strategic role of the EU beyond its borders, explain and assess the security policy that the Union has pursued towards its Eastern neighboring countries for more than two decades since the early 1990s with a particular focus on Georgia. The overall objective is to examine to what extent and how the EU - an area of peace and security - has been able to become a security actor in its Eastern neighborhood, extending peace and providing stability beyond its borders in view of security policy of another main actor seeking to increase its power projection in the regional security complex, Russia. From one side, a number of empirical questions inquire the substance of EU’s security role through exploring its main characteristics, and providing an understanding of how the EU functions as a security actor and explaining its particularity. From another side, the study is interested in the effectiveness of EU’s policy to contribute to Georgia’s security. It is in the 'shared neighborhood' that the incompatibility between the interests and political instruments of the EU and Russia becomes apparent - actors with contrasting identities an power natures, who provide opposing security models for the future of the region. To explore the EU and Russia as security actors in Georgia and get a better grip on the empirical meaning of their roles and implications of their policies on the region, this study questions the main aspects that have intervened in the conception of security roles by the EU and Russia, and their performance - the factors that have contributed or restrained the effectiveness of security role of the EU and Russia
Bros, Aurélie. "Good bye Ukraine ! : How does Gazprom aim to ensure the security of demand in a context where Europe is reshaping its energy architecture ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010582.
Texto completoThe history of Gazprom is a series of constant adaptations – with varying degrees of success – to both European market conditions and the format of dialogue with all parties involved in the gas business across the continent. The company thrived during the 1990s and the 2000s in an environment where the main characteristics of the former model were retained. At the same time, Gazprom constantly seized any new opportunity which was offered by the liberalization and opening up of national gas markets. This has not prevented the company from encountering a few difficulties, illustrating that adaptation can be difficult from time to time. Gazprom is facing structural challenges that have been of particular concern over the last few years. The major difficulty is that this occurs at a time when the wider EU-Russia energy dialogue is highly fraught due to severe tensions which are more broadly affecting the dialogue between the European Union and the Russian Federation