Siga este enlace para ver otros tipos de publicaciones sobre el tema: Political make-Up.
Libros sobre el tema "Political make-Up"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores mejores libros para su investigación sobre el tema "Political make-Up".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore libros sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
3
Chinni, Dante. Our patchwork nation: The 12 distinct types of communities that make up America (and what they can teach us). New York: Gotham Books, 2010.
Buscar texto completo
4
Cry havoc: 'when I set out to overthrow an African tyrant, I knew I would either make billions or end up getting shot ... '. Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball, 2011.
Buscar texto completo
5
Walsh, Paul. Will Al Franken and Bill O'Reilly please shut up: How to make millions as a liberal or conservative. Convent Station, NJ: Tammany Press, 2004.
Buscar texto completo
7
Growing up Democratic: Does It Make a Difference? Rienner Publishers, Lynne, 2016.
Buscar texto completo
8
Spiller, Tatton. Breakdown: How to Make Sense of Politics in a Messed-Up World. Elliott & Thompson, Limited, 2019.
Buscar texto completo
9
Duffy, Paddy. That's a Bit Irish Ridiculous but True Political Stories That You Couldn't Make Up. Hachette Ireland, 2013.
Buscar texto completo
10
Make Trouble: Standing Up, Speaking Out, and Finding the Courage to Lead. Simon & Schuster, 2018.
Buscar texto completo
11
Make Trouble: Stand Up, Speak Out, and Find the Courage to Lead. Gallery Books, 2019.
Buscar texto completo
12
Richards, Cecile y Lauren Peterson. Make Trouble: Standing up, Speaking Out, and Finding the Courage to Lead--My Life Story. Touchstone, 2018.
Buscar texto completo
13
Speak Up, Speak Out And Be Heard: How to Protest and Make It Count. Loompanics Unlimited, 2003.
Buscar texto completo
14
Brown, Chris y Robyn Eckersley, eds. The Oxford Handbook of International Political Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746928.001.0001.
Texto completoResumen
This Handbook—one of a new series—sets out to describe the current state of the art in International Political Theory, and to advance this discourse into new areas. A key feature of the Handbook is the way in which its contributors engage with “real politics”: although the importance of developing so-called ideal theory is acknowledged in several chapters, the main emphasis of the book is on an engagement with empirical data and real-world politics. Conventional distinctions such as that between “critical theory” and “problem-solving theory” are challenged—the underlying contention is that, ultimately, all theory is problem-solving, and an emphasis on norms and normative theory cannot be understood as separate from so-called positive International Relations Theory. The contributors have approached the themes of the Handbook from different angles in relation to a wide range of different topics in ways that showcase the diversity of perspectives and traditions that make up the field of International Political Theory. The Handbook consists of fifty chapters organized into nine sections, covering History, Traditions and Perspectives, International Justice, Violence and Conflict, Humanitarianism and Human Rights, Democracy, Accountability and Global Governance, Ethics and International Public Policy, New Directions in International Political Theory, and, finally, a section which puts in question the relationship between International Political Theory and Real Politics.
15
Daniels, Lee A. y Jordan Vernon Jr. Make It Plain: Standing up and Speaking Out. PublicAffairs, 2009.
Buscar texto completo
16
Hartmann, Jack. Make a Friend, Be a Friend: Songs for Growing Up and Growing Up With Friends (Ac-643). Educational Activities Inc, 1990.
Buscar texto completo
17
Hargreaves, Ian. 5. Up to a point, Lord Copper’s: who owns journalists? Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199686872.003.0006.
Texto completoResumen
Traditionally, we imagine journalists to be free-spirited mavericks unbound by rules and regulation. However, most modern journalism takes place within a corporate setting. ‘Up to a point, Lord Copper’s: who owns journalists?’ explores issues of news media ownership, noting the decline of the press baron. There are many good political, economic, and cultural reasons to care about who owns the institutions from which we get our journalism. Can any conclusions be drawn about which ownership conditions make for a great newspaper or a great TV news channel? Experience says that the goal should be to achieve the greatest diversity of institutional form possible.
18
Porter, Ethan. The Consumer Citizen. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197526781.001.0001.
Texto completoResumen
Americans spend far more time thinking about what to buy, and what not to buy, than they do about politics. Political leaders often make political claims while using consumer terminology, and political decisions resemble consumer decisions in surprising ways. Together, these forces help give rise to the consumer citizen: a person who depends on tools and techniques familiar from consumer life to make sense of politics. Understanding citizens as consumer citizens has implications for a broad array of topics related to public opinion and political behavior. More than a dozen new experiments make clear that appealing to the consumer citizen as consumer citizen can increase trust in government, improve attitudes toward taxes, and enhance political knowledge. Indeed, such appeals can even cause people to sign up for government-sponsored health insurance. However, the consumer citizen may also prefer candidates whose policies would explicitly undercut their own self-interest. Two concepts from consumer psychology—consumer fairness and operational transparency—are especially useful for understanding the consumer citizen. Although the rise of the consumer citizen may trouble democratic theorists, the lessons of the consumer citizen can be applied to a new approach to civic education, with the aim of enriching democracy and public life.
19
Dobson, Andrew. 3. Movements, parties, policies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199665570.003.0004.
Texto completoResumen
‘Movements, parties, policies’ explains the ‘machinery’ of environmental politics—the movement that nurtures and expresses the politics, the parties that are the electoral vehicles for getting the politics into the system, and the array of policy instruments that are available for putting society on a more sustainable footing. The organizations that make up the environmental movement can be categorized into different groups: public interest lobbies, professional protest organizations, participatory pressure groups, participatory protest organizations, and intentional communities. Green political parties are considered along with environmental policy-making. What are the challenges and what are the policy tools that politicians have at their disposal to meet them?
20
Taylor, David Francis. The Politics of Parody. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300223750.001.0001.
Texto completoResumen
This book explores how the works of William Shakespeare, John Milton, Jonathan Swift, and others were taken up by caricaturists as a means of helping the eighteenth-century British public make sense of political issues, outrages, and personalities. The first in-depth exploration of the relationship between literature and visual satire in this period, the book explores how great texts, seen through the lens of visual parody, shape how we understand the political world. It offers a fascinating, novel approach to literary history.
21
Rondel, David. Richard Rorty on Equality and Cultural Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680688.003.0009.
Texto completoResumen
This chapter provides a sympathetic sketch of Rorty’s “ethnocentric” liberalism and defends it against several critics. It also highlights the importance of “redescription” in Rorty’s thought and illustrate how what Rorty calls “cultural politics” together with his (anti-Kantian) “sentimentalist” conception of moral progress provides a useful lens through which to grasp the “cultural-valuational” register of egalitarian theorizing. Rorty’s political theory has been chastised for its apparent conservatism. But this chapter argues that Rorty’s endorsement of the Sellarsian thesis that “all awareness is a linguistic affair” coupled with his controversial claim that “anything can be made to look good or bad by being redescribed” opens up a potentially unlimited space for goods to be pursued and bads to be rejected. This makes Rortyan “cultural politics” as radical or conservative as spinners of new descriptions are apt to make it.
22
Bovens, Mark y Anchrit Wille. Diploma Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790631.001.0001.
Texto completoResumen
Lay politics lies at the heart of democracy. Political offices are the only offices for which no formal qualifications are required. Contemporary political practices are diametrically opposed to this constitutional ideal. Most contemporary democracies in Western Europe are diploma democracies—ruled by those with the highest formal qualifications. Citizens with low or medium educational qualification levels currently make up about 70 per cent of the electorates, yet they have become virtually absent from almost all political arenas. University graduates have come to dominate all relevant political institutions and venues, from political parties, parliaments and cabinets, to organized interests, deliberative settings, and internet consultations. This rise of a political meritocracy is part of larger trend. In the information society, educational background, like class, or religion, is an important source of social and political divides. Those who are well educated tend to be cosmopolitans, whereas the lesser educated citizens are more likely to be nationalists. This book documents the context, contours, and consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy. It explores the domination of higher educated citizens in political participation, civil society, and political office in Western Europe. It discusses the consequences of this rise of political meritocracy, such as descriptive deficits, policy incongruences, biased standards, and cynicism and distrust. Also, it looks at ways to remedy, or at least mitigate, some of the negative effects of diploma democracy.
23
Jap, Jangai y Constant Courtin. Deciphering Myanmar's Ethnic Landscape: A Brief Historical and Ethnic Description of Myanmar's Administrative Units. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2022.57.
Texto completoResumen
This Report provides a study of the ethnic composition of Myanmar’s subnational units together with an analysis of the historical evolution of the administrative units that existed under the 2008 Constitution. Relying on the 2019 GAD Township reports, the study addresses the limitation of Myanmar’s ethnic data while discussing its use for understanding Myanmar’s complex ethnic make-up. It describes the ethnic distribution of each subnational unit and emphasizes the complex ethnic make-up of Myanmar society—highlighting Myanmar’s ethnic diversity down to the township level. In parallel, the Report analyses the evolution of Myanmar’s administrative boundaries and highlights the possibility of imagining Myanmar’s federal units beyond the status quo. This Report provides democratically legitimate political actors in Myanmar, as well as the international community that supports Myanmar’s federal democracy, with a finer understanding of how Myanmar’s diversity is distributed within each subnational unit.
24
Masullo, Gina M. The New Town Hall. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400691300.
Texto completoResumen
Drawing on in-depth interviews with a wide variety of people, this book answers two questions: How and why do we personally engage with elected officials online and offline? What influence does this personal political engagement have on our democracy? Never before has it been so easy for Americans to make their personal views known to their elected officials. Citizens can tweet their opinions to their political representatives or respond to a Facebook post on politicians' pages to convey their approval or dislike for policies. They can engage politically through virtual town halls or show up in person at a protest easily organized through digital platforms. But this mediated relationship also makes it easy for politicians to push back against the opinions of their constituents by deriding their views or even blocking them online. The New Town Hall gives readers a firsthand look at personal political experiences through vivid stories from a variety of Americans. Researcher and former journalist Gina Masullo documents how Americans feel when they are blocked on social media and demonstrates how political talk with elected officials—both online and offline—leads to more involved types of political participation, such as protests or campaigning for political candidates. She contextualizes these personal political experiences with an eye toward understanding how these interactions influence the democratic process.
25
Smith, Nigel. Legal Agency as Literature in the English Revolution. Editado por Lorna Hutson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660889.013.45.
Texto completoResumen
The literary canon of the mid-seventeenth century has always included works of argument in various spheres—religious, political, philosophical, and juridical—that make up the polemic of the civil wars and the experiment with non-monarchical government that followed. This very large body of usually printed literature was often in the form of a legal plea. One area in which law was reconceived in the name of the common people and exemplified in public and courtroom protest, on the printed page and in the internal politics of the New Model Army, was the Leveller movement, most famously exemplified in the career and expression of John Lilburne. The broader impact of Leveller revisions to legal understanding is exemplified in the activities of the 1650s popular republican and Restoration law publisher John Streater.
26
Lacey, Joseph. Modelling Centripetal Democracy for the EU. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796886.003.0011.
Texto completoResumen
In this chapter, a model of centripetal democracy is developed to suit the EU’s idiosyncratic political make-up. In principle, it is argued that this model would go a long way towards constituting the EU as a democratically legitimate political system, while creating a strong common political identity among European citizens. This is followed by an assessment of the extent to which the development of centripetal democracy in the EU may be a likely scenario, while it is argued that the centrifugal tendencies associated with the coexistence of distinctive public spheres within the same political system are not yet especially acute in the EU. Finally, alternative proposals to the model presented in this book are discussed and their shortcomings made clear.
27
Risse, Guenter B. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039843.003.0001.
Texto completoResumen
This introductory chapter lays out the major themes and context that will supplement discussion in the succeeding chapters. It considers the implications of the linkages between health and politics and what they might mean for America's present and future. At the same time the chapter also turns toward the past, to San Francisco's early public health initiatives, in order to illuminate ideologies and agencies concerned with human disease, public health, and medical practice. The chapter then launches into a broader discussion on emotions and sentiment—particularly of aversive emotions such as fear and disgust—in order to set up the context upon which this study is based—on the plasticity and contingency of emotion-driven behaviors as they manifest themselves in the moral and political judgments that human beings make in confronting and seeking to control contagious diseases.
28
Parry-Giles, Shawn J. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038211.003.0006.
Texto completoResumen
This concluding chapter assesses what the verbal and visual news coverage of Hillary Clinton tells us about the gendered nation, political authenticity and character, and news framing of U.S. political women at the turn of the twenty-first century. Those who become routine fixtures in news stories can function as didactic character models to be admired and emulated, as well as chastised and even despised. Journalists (along with the aid of news writers and news producers) serve as some of the nation's most powerful biographers, contributing stories and pictures that make up the chapters of a political leader's life. Moreover, conceptions of authentic womanhood and authentic manhood in particular bring together ideological forces that can empower yet also bind the nation's political leaders, offering a gender baseline that fuses with other markers of political authenticity to define an individual leader.
29
Back, Hanna, Marc Debus y Jorge M. Fernandes, eds. The Politics of Legislative Debates. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849063.001.0001.
Texto completoResumen
Legislative debates make democracy and representation work. Political actors engage in legislative debates to make their voice heard to voters. Parties use debates to shore up their brand. This book makes the most comprehensive study of legislative debates thus far, looking at the politics of legislative debates in thirty-three liberal democracies in Europe, North America and Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. The book begins with theoretical chapters focused on the key concepts in the study of legislative debates. Michael Laver, Slapin and Proksch, and Taylor examine the politics of legislative debates in parliamentary and presidential democracies. Subsequently, Goplerud makes a critical review of the methodological challenges in the study of legislative debates. Schwalbach and Rauh further discuss the difficulties in the comparative empirical study of debates. Country-chapters offer a wealth of original material organized around structured sections. Each chapter begins with a detailed discussion of the institutional design, focusing on the electoral system, legislative organization, and party parties, to which a section on the formal and informal rules of legislative debates ensues. Next, each country-chapter focuses on analyzing the determinants of floor access, with a particular emphasis on the role of gender, seniority, and legislative party positions, among others. In the concluding chapter, the editors explore comparative patterns and point out to multiple research avenues opened by this edited volume.
30
Minahan, James B. Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400647819.
Texto completoResumen
Covering countries ranging from Afghanistan and China to Kazakhstan and Russia, this encyclopedia supplies detailed information and informed perspectives, enabling readers to comprehend Asian ethnic groups as well as Asian politics and history. Asia is quickly becoming one of the most important regions of the world—culturally, economically, and politically. This work provides encyclopedic coverage of a wide array of Central, North, and East Asian ethnic groups, including those in eastern Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, China, Taiwan, Japan, and the Koreas. Arranged alphabetically by ethnic group, each entry provides an overview of the group that identifies its major population centers and population, primary languages and religions, parallels with other groups, origins and early development, major historic events, and cultural belief systems. Information on each group’s typical ways of life, relations with neighboring groups, politics and recent history, notable challenges, demographic trends, and key figures is also included. Special attention is focused on the numerous ethnic groups that make up China, one of the world’s most populated countries. Sidebars throughout the text provide fascinating facts and information about specific groups to make the encyclopedia more accessible and appealing, while “Further Reading” sections at the end of each entry and the bibliography will provide ample additional resources for students performing in-depth research.
31
Kirloskar-Steinbach, Monika. Dialogue and Decolonization. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350360846.
Texto completoResumen
By bringing together philosophers whose work on political philosophy, intellectual history, and world philosophies pushes the boundaries of conventional scholarship, this collaborative collection opens up space in political philosophy for new approaches. Garrick Cooper, Sudipta Kaviraj, Charles W. Mills, and Sor-hoon Tan respond to the challenges James Tully raises for comparative political thought. Arranged around Tully’s opening chapter, they demonstrate the value of critical dialogue and point to the different attempts cultures make to understand their experiences. Through the use of methods from various disciplines and cultural contexts, each interlocutor exemplifies the transformative power of genuine democratic dialogue across philosophical traditions. Together they call for a radical reorientation of conceptual and intellectual readings from intellectual history including the Afro-modern political tradition, Indigenous philosophies, and the lived experiences of societies in Asia. This is an urgent methodological provocation for anyone interested in the ethical, conceptual, and political challenges of political thought today.
32
Falola, Toyin y Ann Genova. The Politics of the Global Oil Industry. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400698781.
Texto completoResumen
The petroleum industry is among the most lucrative and most important in the world, and its impact within the realm of international politics is tremendous (although it can be overstated). Taking a well-balanced and objective approach to the complicated web of political and economic threads that make up the fabric of the oil industry, Falola and Genova introduce the most salient aspects in clear language, offering cogent and up-to-date information about the countries, companies, international organizations, and people who shape the contemporary history of the black gold. The relationship of international politics and the global oil industry affects everyone but is understood by few. Taking a well-balanced and objective approach to deconstructing this intricate web for those unfamiliar with the industry, Falola and Genova introduce the major players in the field, offering cogent and up-to-date information about the countries, companies, organizations, and people who shape the contemporary history of oil. They break down the essentials, describing the discovery process, the different types of oil, and the various processes by which oil gets to the market. Then they provide a brief history of the major oil-producing countries, followed by a discussion of OPEC and international efforts to control the price and supply of oil. After setting the stage, they introduce the most salient political issues that are influenced by oil, namely environmental protection, human rights, and economic development. Finally, a look at each of seven major oil exporters—Iraq, Mexico, Nigeria, Norway, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela—demonstrates that the black gold can be both a blessing and a curse for the countries that produce it. Despite the need to learn how to exploit alternative energy sources before the oil runs out, we will continue to be dependent on oil for the foreseeable future. Today's oil demands are not only generated by such obvious activities as gassing up our cars or powering our aircraft, but also from the ubiquitous technological gadgets that have infiltrated our daily lives. From computer monitors to CDs, from cell phones to the petroleum-generated materials used in our shoes and sweaters, our reliance on oil continues to grow. Because price and supply are highly dependent on political events in distant countries, it is essential for American consumers to understand the intricacies of this complex subject. Falola and Genova demystify the industry and invite us to investigate more deeply this vital resource.
33
Lacey, Joseph. Switzerland Versus the Lingua Franca Thesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796886.003.0009.
Texto completoResumen
The goal of this chapter is to understand how Switzerland has managed to turn a linguistic make-up that is centrifugally explosive in theory into one that is relatively benign in practice. On the one hand, it is argued that numerous historical particularities and political decisions have served to curtail the centrifugal forces that are presumed to be typical of political systems constituted by linguistically demarcated public spheres. On the other hand, Switzerland serves to corroborate a core hypothesis of this project, namely that the institutionalization of democratic legitimacy will produce powerful centripetal effects on the political community. In sum, a host of factors help to explain why Switzerland does not fall apart, but it is its quality of democracy that is largely responsible for keeping it together.
34
Apraku, Kofi K. Outside Looking In. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400694653.
Texto completoResumen
Mr. Apraku gives the reader an outsider's analysis of the good and bad elements that make up the U.S. The author, a Ghanian who has spent the last 18 years studying and teaching in the U.S., brings his personal experiences as an emigré to this examination of American capitalism and democracy. He looks at the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the American democratic system. Many non-Westerners, including Africans, do not know enough about the western democracy of the American economic system they are being asked to adopt as a panacea to their economic, political, and social problems. This book should be especially appealing to scholars in international and economic development, developmental economics, political economics, and African studies.
35
Jarvis, Zeke, ed. Make ’em Laugh! ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400681349.
Texto completoResumen
This lighthearted and eye-opening book explores the role of comedy in cultural and political critiques of American society from the past century. This unprecedented look at the history of satire in America showcases the means by which our society is informed by humor—from the way we examine the news, to how we communicate with each other, to what we seek out for entertainment. From biographical information to critical reception of material and personalities, the book features humorists from both literary and popular culture settings spanning the past 100 years. Through its 180 entries, this comprehensive volume covers a range of artists—individuals such as Joan Rivers, Hunter S. Thompson, and Chris Rock—and topics, including vaudeville, cartoons, and live performances. The content is organized by media and genre to showcase connections between writers and performers. Chapters include an alphabetical listing of humorists grouped by television and film stars, stand-up and performance comics, literary humorists, and humorists in popular print.
36
Benesh, Sara C. The Use of Observational Data to Study Law and the Judiciary. Editado por Lee Epstein y Stefanie A. Lindquist. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579891.013.6.
Texto completoResumen
The study of courts has been tremendously advanced via the availability of data, key to an empirical, scientific analysis of the decision-making of the political actors that make up the judiciary. Data availability has also enabled a rich and complete description of the courts’ work. This chapter considers the evolution of the study of the subfield of political science that considers judges and courts with particular focus on the role of data therein. It concludes that the Spaeth database, and other, similar multi-user publicly available databases, have had a huge influence on the evolution of public law into mainstream political science. While some argue over the specifics of the plethora of coding decisions made in the creation of such databases, the positive impact they have had on the scholarship about courts cannot be overstated.
37
Hill KC, Mark y Lina Papadopoulou, eds. Islam, Religious Liberty and Constitutionalism in Europe. Hart Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509966981.
Texto completoResumen
For centuries, since the Roman Empire’s adoption of Christianity, the continent of Europe has been perceived as something of a Christian fortress. Today, the increase in the number of Muslims living in Europe and the prominence of Islamic belief pose questions not only for Europe’s religious traditions but also for its constitutional make up. This book examines these challenges within the legal and political framework of Europe. The volume’s contributors range from academics at leading universities to former judges and politicians. Its 19 chapters focus on constitutional challenges, human rights with a focus on religious freedom, and securitisation and Islamophobia, while adopting supranational and comparative approaches. This book will appeal not merely to academics and law students in the UK and the EU, but to anyone involved in diplomacy and international relations, including political scientists, lobbyists and members of NGOs. It explores these contested relationships to open up new spaces in how we think about religious freedom and co-existence in Europe and the crucial role that Islam has had, and continues to have, in its development.
38
Schor, Paul. Whether to Name or Count Slaves. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0005.
Texto completoResumen
This chapter considers developments leading up to the census of 1850, heralded as the “first scientific census” of the United States. It made a clean break with its predecessors and solidified the influence of the reformer statisticians who found in it a way to make up for the catastrophic census of 1840. The most important change was the shift from the familial level for collection of information to individual data: a whole line of the principal schedule was devoted to each member of a family. The other great innovation was the division of the census into six separate schedules: free inhabitants; slaves; mortality (information on persons who had died during the past year); agriculture; manufactures; and social statistics (taxes; numbers of schools, of newspapers, of churches; criminality; and libraries within the district). Enumerating slaves led to intense political debates in Congress in the context of the sectional crisis.
39
Corsino, Louis. Did They Jump? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038716.003.0004.
Texto completoResumen
For the greater part of the last century, Chicago Heights Italians found themselves on the wrong end of the cultural, political, and economic hierarchy in the city. This position made it extremely difficult for Italians to make recognizable gains in social mobility for themselves or their families. This chapter examines the collective mobilization strategies—labor organizing, mutual-aid societies, and ethnic entrepreneurship—that Chicago Heights Italians pursued in response to the diminished opportunities for mobility. Each collective mobilization was fueled by the social capital in the community. Each generated success stories. But each also came up against obstacles that limited their appeal in the Italian community.
40
Witte, John F. The Politics of Loopholes. Praeger, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400698620.
Texto completoResumen
What are the implications and likelihood of reform of the income tax system in the United States—specifically, the expansion and scope of the tax “expenditure” (loophole) system embedded in the income tax codes? This book details the tax system that now provides for more than 200 tax expenditures, highlighting the potential lost tax dollars. Income tax policy and politics is an inherently complex and potentially confusing topic. This book makes the tax loophole system understandable for those without in-depth knowledge about taxes. It explains what our tax system looks like, why it is set up as it is, and what effects it has on raising revenue (and thus deficits) and the furtherance of other policy goals. Additionally, it explains why, despite popular and political desires, a significant overhaul of the tax system is very unlikely to be enacted: because tax expenditures (otherwise known as loopholes) benefit all Americans in some way and are supported as policy by both political parties. Written by John F. Witte, an established expert in tax policy and policy analysis, the book provides a balanced viewpoint that discusses the implications of reform of the income tax system in the United States, demonstrates the range of individuals who are affected by various provisions, and identifies what effects loopholes have on policy goals. Readers will see how both political parties are responsible for the creation and expansion of various loopholes, understand why many of these provisions make sound policy sense, and grasp how the tax code is affected by political desires and policy goals.
41
Ashworth, Scott, Christopher R. Berry y Ethan Bueno de Mesquita. Theory and Credibility. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691213828.001.0001.
Texto completoResumen
The credibility revolution, with its emphasis on empirical methods for causal inference, has led to concerns among scholars that the canonical questions about politics and society are being neglected because they are no longer deemed answerable. This book stakes out an opposing view—presenting a new vision of how, working together, the credibility revolution and formal theory can advance social scientific inquiry. The book covers the conceptual foundations and practicalities of both model building and research design, providing a new framework to link theory and empirics. Drawing on diverse examples from political science, it presents a typology of the rich set of interactions that are possible between theory and empirics. This typology opens up new ways for scholars to make progress on substantive questions and enables researchers from disparate traditions to gain a deeper appreciation for each other's work and why it matters. The book shows theorists how to create models that are genuinely useful to empirical inquiry, and helps empiricists better understand how to structure their research in ways that speak to theoretically meaningful questions.
42
Müller, Sebastian, Eva Spies y Heike Wagner, eds. Religion und Entwicklungszusammenarbeit. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748923886.
Texto completoResumen
‘Development’ is controversial—as both a concept and a practice. Can religious actors open up alternative approaches to change or make development cooperation more efficient? In view of the promotion of values-based development in German development policy, this volume shows what and who ‘religious actors’ are and what contribution they should or want to make to development. Authors from politics, development practice and academia discuss the objectives, forms and problems of values-based development and present how religion-based organisations in Europe and Africa function. The exchange between the different perspectives contributes to a better understanding of the field in which religion and development overlap. With contributions by Michael Bauer, Hansjörg Dilger, Erwin Eder, Nabiela Farouq, Mohammad Härter, Christoph Hoffmann, Sabrina Khan, Sebastian Müller, Michael Plesch, Paula Schrode and Eva Spies.
43
Thagard, Paul. Mind-Society. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678722.001.0001.
Texto completoResumen
Social change comes from the combination of communication among people and their individual cognitive and emotional processes. This book systematically connects neural and psychological explanations of mind with social phenomena, covering major social sciences (social psychology, sociology, politics, economics, anthropology, and history) and professions (medicine, law, education, engineering, and business). The aim is not to reduce the social to the psychological but rather to display their harmony and interdependence. This display is accomplished by describing the interconnections among mental and social mechanisms, which interact to generate social changes ranging from marriage patterns to wars. The major tool for this description is the method of social cognitive-emotional workups, which connects the mental mechanisms operating in individuals with social mechanisms operating in groups. Social change is the result of emergence from interacting social and mental mechanisms, which include the neural and molecular processes that make minds capable of thinking. Validation of hypotheses about multilevel emergence requires detailed studies of important social changes, from norms about romantic relationships to economic practices, political institutions, religious customs, and international relations. This book belongs to a trio that includes Brain–Mind: From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity and Natural Philosophy: From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty. They can be read independently, but together they make up a Treatise on Mind and Society that provides a unified and comprehensive treatment of the cognitive sciences, social sciences, professions, and humanities.
44
Sandilands, Catriona. Floral Sensations. Editado por Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer y David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.33.
Texto completoResumen
This chapter turns on the concept ofsensationto sketch some of the ways plants are caught up in contemporary biopolitics. Specifically, the idea of the floral sensation both describes the spectacular qualities of (some) plants that make them particularly desirable commodities in the global floral industry, and gestures to recent research that indicate that plantshavesensations that are both similar to and radically different from human ones. Together, these meanings demonstrate that plants are extensively implicated in biopolitical relations, but as agents with specific capacities rather than as passive objects of manipulation. To understand the involvement of active plants in biopolitics, then, requires attentiveness both to the multiplicity of vegetal involvements in socio-political entanglements, and to the ways in which plants complicate questions of life itself; ethical and political responses to plant life must therefore move beyond assertions of plant similarity in the direction of also recognizing their unassimilable differences.
45
Sajó, András y Renáta Uitz. Parliamentarism and the Legislative Branch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732174.003.0007.
Texto completoResumen
This chapter examines the relationship between parliamentarism and the legislative branch. It explores the evolution of the legislative branch, leading to disillusionment with the rationalized law-making factory, a venture run by political parties beyond the reach of constitutional rules. The rise of democratically bred party rule is positioned between the forces favouring free debate versus effective decision-making in the legislature. The chapter analyses the institutional make-up and internal operations of the legislature, the role of the opposition in the legislative assembly, and explores the benefits of bicameralism for boosting the powers of the legislative branch. Finally, it looks at the law-making process and its outsourcing via delegating legislative powers to the executive.
46
Krzywdzinski, Martin. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806486.003.0001.
Texto completoResumen
How is workplace consent created in authoritarian countries that limit participation rights, not only in the political sphere, but also in the workplace? Although authoritarian countries make up a large proportion of the states in existence today, there are few comparative studies of work in authoritarian societies. This introduction presents the study’s main questions and research design as well as the theories, methods, and data used in the analysis. It introduces the concept of consent and discusses the particularities of consent generation in authoritarian societies and workplaces. It compares Russia and China as the world’s two biggest authoritarian countries and reviews their similarities—mainly their shared post-communist past—and differences regarding labor regulation and socioeconomic development.
47
Crandall, Russell. Drugs and Thugs. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300240344.001.0001.
Texto completoResumen
How can the United States chart a path forward in the war on drugs? This book uncovers the full history of this war that has lasted more than a century. The book provides an essential view of the economic, political, and human impacts of U.S. drug policies. It takes readers from Afghanistan to Colombia, to Peru and Mexico, to Miami International Airport and the border crossing between El Paso and Juarez to trace the complex social networks that make up the drug trade and drug consumption. Through historically driven stories, the book reveals how the war on drugs has evolved to address mass incarceration, the opioid epidemic, the legalization and medical use of marijuana, and America's shifting foreign policy.
48
Prusin, Alexander. Resistance Movements. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041068.003.0006.
Texto completoResumen
Examines the emergence, make-up, and activities of the two resistance movements – the nationalist Chetniks and the communist Partisans - and the complexity of their relationship. Initially, they collaborated with one another, but their ultimate goals were mutually exclusive. The Chetniks under Draža Mihailović considered themselves a part of the Yugoslav royal army and saw their primary objective in preserving the old political and social order. Headed by Josip Broz Tito, the Partisans were equally determined to destroy that order and build a new one, modelled after the Bolshevik regime in Russia. After a short period of cooperation, such divergence of interests prompted the Chetniks and the Partisans to embark upon mutual destruction.
49
Epstein, Ben. The Only Constant is Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698980.001.0001.
Texto completoResumen
The Only Constant Is Change presents and tests the political communication cycle (PCC), a model describing how political actors and organizations make decisions about if, how, and when to innovate their political communication practices. Generally speaking, political communication goals have remained largely stable over time, but the strategies used to accomplish these goals have changed a great deal. The PCC describes the recurring process of political communication innovation through American political history. This model incorporates the technological, political, and behavioral factors influencing how and when changes in political communication activity take place. The PCC is made up of three phases that also serve as an organizational structure for the book. First is the technological imperative, which focuses on how new information and communications technologies (ICT) are developed and what types of ICTs may be more or less likely to be used to innovate political communication. Next, the political choice phase incorporates the behavioral processes embedded in how different types of actors choose whether to innovate or not. This phase is the most critical and is analyzed through case studies evaluating how campaigns, social movements, and interest groups have or have not changed their political communication activities over time. Finally, the stabilization phase encompasses the process of how once innovative techniques become the new status quo though the establishment of new norms, regulations, and institutions. The book explores these changes through historical and contemporary analysis, which offers important context and tools to understand political communication through history and today.
50
Carnes, Nicholas. The Cash Ceiling. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182001.001.0001.
Texto completoResumen
Why are Americans governed by the rich? Millionaires make up only three percent of the public but control all three branches of the federal government. How did this happen? What stops lower-income and working-class Americans from becoming politicians? This book is a compelling and comprehensive account of why so few working-class people hold office—and what reformers can do about it. It debunks popular misconceptions (like the idea that workers are unelectable or unqualified to govern), identifies the factors that keep lower-class Americans off the ballot and out of political institutions, and evaluates a variety of reform proposals. The book shows that in the United States elections have a built-in “cash ceiling,” a series of structural barriers that make it almost impossible for the working-class to run for public office. Elections take a serious toll on candidates, many working-class Americans simply cannot shoulder the practical burdens, and civic and political leaders often pass them over in favor of white-collar candidates. But these obstacles are not inevitable. Pilot programs to recruit, train, and support working-class candidates have the potential to increase the economic diversity of our governing institutions and ultimately amplify the voices of ordinary citizens. Who runs for office goes to the heart of whether the USA has a democracy that is representative or not. The book shows that the best hope for combating the oversized political influence of the rich might simply be to help more working-class Americans become politicians.