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Tesis sobre el tema "Policy formulation"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 9 de junio de 2025

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1

Kupunia, Teona. "Anti-Trafficking Policy Formulation in Georgia Policy Network Analysis." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8404.

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<p>“Trafficking” is not a thing. It is not an event. You cannot point a finger at it or take a photograph of it. “Trafficking” is a convenient, simple and useful label attached not to a single phenomenon but to a complex series of states and events that individually may or may not be harmful or wrong.”1Increasing attention has been given to the issue of trafficking in human beings worldwide because it is a gross violation of human dignity and human rights. Hundreds of thousands of women and children are now commodities sold on an international market to be exploited in prostitution, pornography and forced labour. No country is immune because trafficking is a problem that goes beyond national borders. This thesis focuses on the example of one country, namely Georgia, and its position in the fight against trafficking in human beings. The thesis employs a qualitative research strategy and a case study research design. As a developing country, Georgia greatly depends on assistance from various stakeholders from the international community and local civil society. Thus, the thesis examines a network of cooperation for the formulation of anti-trafficking policy with the help of foreign governments, international organizations and local non-governmental organizations. The conclusions drawn from the conducted research can be summarized as follows: anti-trafficking policy is a specific policy area where issue experts having knowledge about various aspects of this phenomenon count as much as establishments possessing political, economic and organizational power. Thus, anti-trafficking policy formulation and development in Georgia can serve as an example of an issue network.</p>

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2

Mugridge, Karen, and n/a. "Teacher involvement in system policy formulation." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061020.145128.

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Policy formulation is a complex process involving many stakeholders. Teacher involvement in this process is vital if policies are to be successfully implemented at the classroom level. An understanding of the factors that affect teacher involvement in policymaking may assist in enhancing teacher involvement in future policy development. This study investigated teacher perceptions of their involvement in system po1icy formulation in relation to eight areas: the complex policy process, political / economic influences, teacher empowerment and morale, willingness, relationship with the governing body, opportunities, support / encouragement and implementation. Teachers from four primary schools and one high school were involved in the study. A questionnaire was completed by 68 respondents and a sub-sample of 8 participated in a semi-structured interview. The main findings of the study show that teachers are willing to become involved in the policy process, however, are inhibited by ineffective information flows (Kennedy: 1992) (Fullan:1994) (Waugh & Godfrey: 1995), lack of support (Short: 1994), knowledge (Gamoran:1994), and awareness of opportunities (Pajak:1992).

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3

McNamara, Michael, University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Management. "Policy formulation and the limits of plausibility : a case study of policy formulation in a revenue office." THESIS_CLAB_MAN_MCNamara_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/337.

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This thesis looks at policy formulation in a Revenue Office over the nine-year period, from 1984 to 1993. It presents a case study that is based on actual events; but, because of the difficulties in reporting on the events in a large organisation without the possible influence of some staff, particularly senior management, it was decided to change the names of the organisation, the people and policies. The thesis is based on an examination of a number of policy initiatives that were 'quilted' together. Its focus is not on the contents of the policies or primarily on their economic success, but on the bureaucratic and stakeholder processes involved in their formulation. The purpose of the thesis is to provide a way of understanding events in organisations that are portrayed or categorised by research as policy formulation. Policy formulation is considered to be a core process in organisations, but it is still poorly understood or explained by current models, particularly those based on a rationalistic view of the world. Many of these models have their roots in economic theory and rationality, which promotes the idea that policy is a fundamental and almost inevitable part of organisation goal attainment. These ideas permeate and structure the theory and depiction of organisations and, hence, the way we understand the nature of the social actions and interactions supporting policy formulation. The thesis rejects the assertion that organisations move in a consistently calculated and logical direction based on goal setting and developing policies to meet objectives. An alternative view is proposed: that policy formulation must be understood within the phenomenon of an organisation where people enact a particular form of social reality. Under this model organisations are created and maintained by social processes that are continually executed by people. In this context, individuals and groups use processes of negotiation and power to manipulate and re-define the meanings attributed to problems and solutions to maintain a perception of consistent and coordinated change and goal attainment in policy formulation. This social practice is an attempt to define reality and maintain legitimacy for the policy changes. Thus, the emphasis is on social processes rather than outcomes, thereby focusing on the development and maintenance of perceptions of problems and solutions. This thesis analyses policy formulation as a distinctive kind of social practice using a case study of policy developments in a revenue office, as a means of explaining the basic nature of ongoing corporate life. The case study explores the way that core revenue office policies, proposed as 'logical' change, were formulated by individuals and groups who constantly used 'legitimising' management models and principles, agenda management, and bargaining and power processes to negotiate, influence, modify and manipulate the perceptions of change. The aim is to explain how policy options were generated in the 'Charisma period', to examine their origins and how they were acted upon, and to develop a set of summary concepts that might be used to understand policy development behaviours.<br>Master of Commerce (Hons)

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4

McNamara, Michael. "Policy formulation and the limits of plausability : a case study of policy formulation in a revenue office /." View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030410.164044/index.html.

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Thesis (M.Com. (Hons.)) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001.<br>"A thesis presented to the School of Management, College of Law and Business, University of Western Sydney for the degree of Master of Commerce (Honours)" Bibliography : leaves 178-192.

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5

Malik, Ali Khalil. "Essays on monetary policy : formulation and implementation of monetary policy rules." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625463.

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Monetary Policy Economics has grown substantially over the recent years. The presentation of a simple monetary policy rule by Professor John Taylor stimulated an enormous amount of research on monetary policy and in particular on the formulation and implementation of the monetary policy rules. Economists have evaluated monetary policy rules and regimes i.e. their feasibility, viability etc. from various dimensions. However research on many of the issues related to monetary policy is still pending. This thesis is organized in the form of a series of essays on monetary policy. This particular field of economics is so dynamic that adhering to a single model or topic for the completion of one's thesis may not prove to be very fruitful. Models and topics intensively examined by researchers have changed rapidly over the recent years. We now no longer see the ad hoc econometric models (which were frequently used in the past) for the evaluation of the monetary policy rules. To keep up with the existing literature and also to examine monetary policy from more than one dimension, I decided to organize this thesis as a collection of essays. I evaluate various monetary policy rules in these essays using simulations, empirical estimation etc. In the context of a closed economy (using simulations) in one essay I examine the viability and preferability of the Taylor rule, nominal income targeting rules and inflation targeting rules. In another two essays in the same context I examine the performance of the monetary policy rules in response to fiscal and asset price bubble shocks. In the open economy context (using simulations) I examine the performance of domestic/CPI inflation targeting rules. In another essay for a closed economy I use a mixture of (empirical) estimation and simulation for examining the impact of shocks in an inflation targeting regime. The essays which are exclusively empirical in nature include one in which I examine the preferences of the policy makers (in terms of the policy regimes) using regime switching policy rules. Another paper in the same category examines the effectiveness of inflation targeting in the UK using a VAR framework. In an open economy context I examine the optimal policy rules in a small estimated macro-econometric model. In a multi-country setting a short paper examines the policy rules (using simulations only) in a two country framework. A final essay examines the determinacy and E-stability of the equilibrium under the Taylor rule and the nominal income targeting rule in a New Keynesian framework. Most of the essays in the thesis utilize some sort of a small dynamic general equilibrium framework for the evaluation of the policy rules. Each essay is designed to be independent from every other essay, so as to be individually accessible to the reader. I very much hope that the essays prove to be useful contributions to the existing literature on monetary policy and will help in stimulating further research on monetary policy.

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6

Mawhinney, Hanne B. "A political systems strategy to analyze policy formulation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5974.

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7

Greaves, Christopher. "Waste policy formulation and implementation : recycling and landfill." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1994. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3245.

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This thesis considers recycling as one option to improve the environmental performance of industry in the UK. A systems approach is used to identify objectives and capabilities of legislative and industrial agencies and to analyse issues in the broad context of waste policy formulation and implementation which spans both constituencies. It is shown that regulatory change to empower industrialists as decision takers is limited by a shortage of recycling infrastructure in the UK. Although well resourced firms are developing progressive waste policies in house, other firms are less well equipped to respond to regulatory pressures in a manner that is congruent with legislative objectives. An innovative option to develop recycling facilities for construction wastes at a landfill site is assessed, considering the roles of construction firms, skip hauliers and waste managers. An investigation is conducted into the practices employed by construction firms that influence wastes arising and likely changes to such practices. It is shown that pressures on construction firms are leading to some improvements to waste streaming that favour the recycling option. A spatial model of landfill catchment is used to estimate the elasticity of the volume of a given waste type delivered to a landfill site with respect to prices charged at the site and competing facilities. The option to recycle a substantial fraction of construction waste is compared with the null option of continuing to landfill waste without pre-treatment using a comparative cost benefit model. This model shows that, in the case of construction waste, benefits due to extending the working life of a landfill pit can be more significant than revenue effects for waste managers. Whether these benefits justify the costs of recycling is shown to be dependent on characteristics of particular landfill sites and

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8

Keszi, Joseph M. "Formulation of an ecotourism policy framework for Manitoba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/MQ32152.pdf.

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9

Fitzsimmons, Colum Michael James. "Land supply and formulation of rural housing policy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244657.

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10

Chan, Yuen Tak-fai Dorothy, and 陳阮德徽. "A study of transport policy formulation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231767.

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11

McDonald, Andrew John. "The formulation of British public expenditure policy : 1919-1925." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327943.

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12

Wen, Wen. "The Formulation of China's Education Policy from 1978 to 2007 - A Critical Policy Analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519830.

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13

Dodson, Robert Charles. "The formulation of international tourism policy : an analysis of Thailand." Thesis, University of Derby, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/336937.

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14

Gharib, Remah Younis. "Revitalising historic Cairo : examining the public policy formulation and implementation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11520/.

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Historic Cairo is one of the major World Heritage sites due to the massive amount of built heritage and traditional societies it embraces. Since the 1980s, the historic quarters of Cairo have undergone many preservational efforts either by the local government or international organisations. Plenty of resources are being poured into the urban revitalisation process. However, with less significant outcomes except for two or three examples undertaken by non-governmental bodies. On the other hand, several policies have been generated by the government to facilitate the revitalisation of Historic Cairo with its different quarters;nevertheless, the majority continue to be ineffective and unhelpful to the local communities. The focus of this study is to examine how the government revitalizes the historic quarters,what are the policies generated during the last three decades, who are the key players in the implementation process, and what are the major challenges. This study is addressed through a qualitative, quantitative and narrative analysis with the users, officials and contributors to the process of revitalising Historic Cairo, especially Al-Gamalia and Darb Al Ahmar Quarters. The study will show the implementation of government policies in relation to the 1980 UNESCO Plan, 1997 UNDP/Supreme Council of Antiquities, and 1997 Aga Khan Trust for Culture programs for revitalising Old Cairo´s quarters. The study reveals the neglected challenges toward the communities´ rights and the revitalisation efforts focuses more on the preservation of single buildings without a comprehensive methodology of urban revitalisation and sustainable development.

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15

Barker, Lindsay Ann. "Values and process in the formulation of mental health policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31963869.

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16

Middleton, Roger John. "The formulation and implementation of British agricultural policy, 1945-1951." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/00cf2a00-a25b-4747-8271-ab2e0038685d.

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17

Neku, Ruby Junior Ntombinini. "Towards a model for social welfare policy formulation in KwaZulu." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14372.

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Bibliography: leaves 105-111.<br>The study set out to establish the extent to which the needs of Community's were taken into consideration in the formulation of Social Welfare Policy. The Structure in the Government service is such that Policy's are formulated by top management. Top management in the Government Service is constituted by the Ministry. When the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly sits the Minister at one of these sessions delivers the policy speech. This policy is disseminated to the Community through the Department's Secretary by the Civil Servants. As Social Workers are concerned in their delivery of Social Welfare Services about minimising problematic situations, the study will examine the role played by Social Workers in the formulation of Social Welfare Policy. The involvement of Social Workers in policy formulation is seen as a helpful tool in enabling them to play the advocacy role. Their contribution would enable the policy formulation to have an idea about issues that policy must address.

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18

Lapke, Michael Stephen. "Power Relationships in Information Systems Security Policy Formulation and Implementation." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1239.

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This thesis argues that organizational power impacts the development and implementation of Information Systems (IS) Security policy. The motivation for this research stems from the continuing concern of ineffective security in organizations, leading to significant monetary losses. IS researchers have contended that ineffective IS Security policy is a precursor to ineffective IS Security (Loch et al. 1992; Whitman et al. 2001; David 2002; Solms and Solms 2004). Beyond this pragmatic aspect, there is a gap in the literature concerning power relationships and IS Security policy. This research intends to bridge the gap. The dissertation is a two phased study whereby the first phase seeks to understand the intricacies of IS Security policy formulation and implementation. In the first phase, a conceptual framework utilizes Katz's (1970) semantic theory. The conceptual framework provides the theoretical foundation for a case study that takes place at an educational institution's Information Technology (IT) Department. In the results, it is confirmed that a disconnect exists between IS Security policy formulation and implementation. Furthermore, a significant emergent finding indicates that power relationships have a direct impact on this observed disconnect. The second phase takes place as an in depth case study at the IT department within a large financial organization. The theoretical foundation for the second phase is based was Clegg's (2002) Circuits of Power. A conceptual framework for this phase utilizes this theory. This framework guides the study of power relationships and how they might affect the formulation and implementation of IS Security policy in this organization. The case study demonstrates that power relationships have a clear impact on the formulation and implementation of IS security policy. Though there is a strong security culture at the organization and a well defined set of processes, an improvement in the process and ensuing security culture is possible by accounting for the effect of power relationships.

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19

Lam, Ka-wai Lawrence, and 林嘉偉. "The formulation and the conduct of Hong Kong's external trade policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975926.

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20

Mburu, Joseph Mbugua. "Foreign aid, donors and policy formulation in Kenya : A challenge to contemporary theories of policy making." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516583.

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21

Epstein, Robert J. "Policy and policy formulation considerations for incorporation of secure mobile devices in USMC ground combat units." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43908.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>Modern information technology evolves at a rapid pace, and the U.S.Marine Corps ground combat units require cutting-edge capabilities in order to maintain a competitive advantage. The advent and military application of smartphones and smartphone applications provide a plethora of advantages that these forces seek to leverage, yet the very rapidity of their development presents a host of network security problems. This thesis examines the conceptual risk framework for incorporating smartphones into ground combat units, and uses a cutting-edge smartphone capability, the Field Information Support Tool, as a case study. Furthermore, the comparatively slow policy-making process of the DOD ensures that policy requirements will lag behind the emerging technologies and the novel threats these technologies introduce. This thesis conducts a policy review of existing DOD policies that apply to smartphones and network security, as well as examines and models the policy formulation process in an effort to reform it in a way more conducive to the incorporation of fast-growing capabilities.

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22

Lo, Sze-yuen Henri. "A critical evaluation of public transport policy formulation in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31595157.

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Lam, Ka-wai Lawrence. "The formulation and the conduct of Hong Kong's external trade policy." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975926.

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24

Lo, Sze-yuen Henri, and 盧思遠. "A critical evaluation of public transport policy formulation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31595157.

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25

Elleschild, Lyvinia Rogers. "'Missing youth' : a discourse analysis of policy formulation on 'child prostitution'." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/369.

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Contemporary policy critics note that the concept of 'youth' is of limited use and is 'disappearing as a meaningful social category' (Jeffs and Smith 1999: 46). This thesis argues that although the concept of 'youth' is flawed, without 'youth' young people may be infantilised in policy formulation through being represented and managed as children. In order to argue that the concept of 'youth' is both meaningful and useful recent policy formulation on 'child prostitution' will be analysed. Throughout the 1990s Barnardo's, the Children's Society and radical feminists campaigned to redefine acts of prostitution by under-eighteens as 'child sexual abuse', and used social policy legislation to implement this discursive shift. Representations of 'stolen childhood', predatory boyfriends and dangerous paedophiles were strategically deployed to influence policy formulation. The campaign was successful in changing Government policy and criminal law, including Safeguarding Children Involved In Prostitution (Department of Health 2000) and the Sexual Offences Act 2003. This thesis traces this legislative and policy change through undertaking a sociological discourse analysis. A range of texts and representations including campaign materials, annual reports, media representations, academic research and policy documents, are analysed to illustrate how particular sexual stories and images, moral rhetoric, truth claims and erasures were utilised in this campaign. In order to understand the processes of categorical construction a micro-analysis of the narratives, metaphors, images and presentation styles deployed by policy campaigners is undertaken. It concludes that the discursive framing of child victims of sexual abuse in contemporary policy formulation on 'child prostitution' marginalises youth policy concerns and youth protection strategies, and is counter-productive for some young people. This is why 'youth' is a necessary concept to hold onto when formulating policy to meet the welfare needs of both children and young people.

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26

Murray, Michael Rowland. "The containment of Belfast : an evaluation of policy formulation and implementation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335587.

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27

Mason, Helen. "Monetary valuation of health outcomes for use in national policy formulation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437938.

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28

Howe, Samantha Anne. "Public Engagement in Healthcare Policy Formulation: Contexts, Content, and Identity Construction." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376662937.

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29

MELLO, EDUARDO JORDAO DE ACHILLES. "DEMOCRACY, DEMOCRATIZATION AND FOREIGN POLICY: A STUDY ON THE FORMULATION OF SECURITY POLICY IN BRAZIL (1985-2002)." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18314@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Esta dissertação investiga alguns aspectos do processo de formulação da política externa de segurança no Brasil desde o final do regime militar (1964- 1985). São discutidas as mudanças no papel exercido pelos diferentes atores envolvidos no processo de tomada de decisões em questões de política externa relativas à segurança internacional a partir do inicio da Nova República (1985- presente). Para tal, observam-se elementos que apontam a conexão entre a mudança da posição do Brasil frente a regimes internacionais na área de segurança e o processo gradual de transformação institucional que resulta da democratização do país. Especificamente, a pesquisa analisa estes aspectos a partir do estudo do processo de transformação da posição brasileira em relação aos regimes de controle de comércio internacional de armamentos e de não proliferação nuclear.<br>This dissertation investigates some aspects of the decision-making process of Brazilian security policy since the end of the military regime (1964-1985). Discussed here are the changes in the role of the different actors involved in the decision-making process in foreign policy issues related to international security since the beginning of the Nova República (1985-present). For that we observe elements that point to the connection between changes in the Brazilian position towards international security regimes and the slow and gradual process of institutional transformation. Specifically we look at changes in the Brazilian position on regimes of arms control and nuclear non proliferation.

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Henrici, Ingrid. "Theoretical foundation for the formulation of a National Information policy for South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12212005-141941/.

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31

Chan, Fung-lan Doris, and 陳逢蘭. "A study of the formulation and implementation of Hong Kong's external trade policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965593.

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32

Wright, Alexandra S. C. "Children in need : an examination of policy formulation in Scottish social work." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272905.

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33

Profeta, Michela. "Pre-primary education policy between formulation and implementation : the case of Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51112/.

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Why does the implementation of policies for educational improvement often disappoint? The literature suggests that pitfalls in the formulation stage can hamper successful implementation. This research aims to develop insights into the process of policy formulation in order to establish how this may affect subsequent policy implementation using a case study of Pre-Primary Education in Bangladesh. Uniquely, I have been able to study the development of PPE policy when it was taking place since I was directly involved in the process as a professional advisor working for a donor. The first research question investigated how the pre-primary policy was formed. This had two parts in terms of i) developing understanding of the phases of policy formulation and the stakeholders involved, and ii) analysing the discourses that informed the policy. The second research question enquired into the development of the implementation strategy and its feasibility, and compared expectations with the data available on the characteristics and impact of the initial implementation. This enabled the identification of aspects of policy formulation that shape current and future implementation. Special attention was given to the development of policy that prioritised underprivileged children throughout the process, because of the extent of unequal provision and because this was a high profile goal for educational development. The analysis of policy development derived from relevant policy documents and keyinformant interviews highlighted charismatic and politicised approaches to educational reform, which lacked the involvement of beneficiaries and those tasked with implementation. This has consequences for subsequent impact and the sustainability of the new policy. The initial implementation was generally considered inadequate and uneven by the respondents. It reflected aspirational planning linked to the EFA goals, with ambitious aims to provide a "quantitative breakthrough" in access and attainment without a realistic assessment of the resources available and the capacity to mobilise them. When the implementation strategy was updated and included in the third national programme of primary education (PEDP III), a more phased and comprehensive approach to planning was introduced. However, reports on programme implementation have identified delays and difficulties in starting PEDP III, albeit improvements between year 1 and 2 have been noted. In particular, the implementation strategies identified were insufficiently detailed and different stakeholders' needs were not properly assessed. More equitable delivery to underprivileged children remains poorly articulated. Part of the reason appears to be diminished political will and inconsistent leadership. Finally, opportunities to collaborate with the NGO service providers have not been fully exploited and the implementation planning for PEDP III appeared to have relied excessively on external expertise, with implications for the ownership and continuity of the policy on pre-school. Based on these findings, suggestions are offered to the development partners, the Government and the NGOs to improve the integration of policy and implementation strategies to increase the probability of sustained improvements in Pre Primary provision.

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Singh, Minerva. "Design of a system to support policy formulation for sustainable biofuel production." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:db054d43-6359-45cd-af82-a71abd2b288b.

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The increased demand for biofuels is expected to put additional strain on the available agricultural resources while at the same time causing environmental degradation. Hence, new energy policies need to be formulated and implemented in order to meet global energy needs while reducing the impact of biofuels farming and production. This research focuses on proving a decision support system which can aid the formulation of policies for the sustainable biofuel production. The system seeks to address policy formulation that requires reconciliation of the qualitative aspects of decision making (such as stakeholder’s viewpoints) with quantitative data, which often may be imprecise. To allow this, based on: Fuzzy logic and Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in the form of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Using these concepts, three software functionalities, “Options vs. Fuzzy Criteria Matrix”, “Analytical Hierarchy Process” and “Fuzzy AHP” were developed. These were added within the framework of pre-existing base software, Compendium (developed by the Open University, UK). A number of case study based models have been investigated using the software. These models made use of data from the Philippines and India in order to pinpoint suitable land and crop options for these countries. The models based on AHP and Fuzzy AHP were very successful in identifying suitable crop options for India by capturing both the stakeholder viewpoints and quantitative data. The software functionalities are very effective in scenario planning and selection of policies that would be beneficial in achieving a desired future scenario. The models further revealed that the newly developed software correctly identified many of the important issues in a consistent manner.

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35

Arshed, Norin. "The formulation of enterprise policy in the UK : an institutional theoretical perspective." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25458.

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Small and Medium Enterprises play an important role in the contribution to economic growth and the employment levels of a country. The UK government has acknowledged this phenomenon and has concentrated efforts on creating an entrepreneurial economy with the use of enterprise policy. However, existing research in this area has argued that there is insufficient evidence to justify the importance placed on enterprise policy by government. Critics have suggested that the ineffectiveness of enterprise policy may be attributable to piecemeal policy-making, where a focus on specific initiatives has led over time to a reduction in the overall coherence of enterprise policy. Using an institutional theoretical perspective, this study explores how enterprise policy is formulated and implemented, and how enterprise policy is perceived and experienced by its users, taking female entrepreneurs as a case study. The empirical findings drew upon data obtained from the interviews with several different key groups, senior policy-makers, Regional Development Agency staff, local enterprise agencies and female entrepreneurs and from undertaking ethnography as a participant observer for three months within a government department. Three substantive findings arose. The first finding highlighted that enterprise policy is formulated in an ad hoc manner, and is preceded by a departmental model only known to those within the governmental department. Superficial announcements and interests of ministers and civil servants were often given primary importance, with little regard to the overall content and feasibility of these policies. The second finding revealed that the implementation of enterprise policy had no formal structures for building relationships with key players to deliver the initiatives arising from the policy; measurement and evaluation of enterprise policy was of little value and the delivery of business support was an afterthought. The third finding was that enterprise policy was virtually non-existent in influencing female entrepreneurs when deciding to set up or in growing their business.

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36

Williamson, Mark. "Sustainable development of the space environment : a pragmatic approach to policy formulation." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2017. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/7466/.

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The published works described in this thesis commentary form the basis of a submission for a PhD degree in Space Policy. The body of work represents an original and coherent contribution to the space profession in the general subject areas of space policy and environmental sustainability. At its most fundamental level, the research embodied within the published works is designed to address the question of whether it is possible to establish an optimal balance between expansion of activity in space and protection of the fragile space environment. The texts submitted in support of this thesis represent a body of peer-reviewed work centred on a monograph entitled “Space: The Fragile Frontier”, which is the first academic text to draw together the recognised issues of Earth orbital debris and planetary protection, set them in the context of space law and ethical policies, and encourage a sustainable and environmentally-friendly approach to space exploration and development. The published works described here cover a two-decade period of research surrounding this ‘Central Work’ and are based on a systematic acquisition and understanding of a body of knowledge at the forefront of an area of professional practice – specifically at the interface between space technology and space policy. This commentary describes the aims of the research and the central themes that coalesce to form the connective thread that ties the Submitted Works together: a pragmatic approach to developing a policy for sustainable development of the space environment. An analysis of citations shows that the work has been widely cited within and beyond the space community and has made a significant impact and coherent contribution to the field. The body of work continues to feature in academic publications and, because of the long-term nature of space-related developments, is expected to guide and influence workers in the field for the foreseeable future.

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Al-Yakoub, Tamara Adel. "A critical review of options for effective health policy formulation in Jordan." Thesis, Keele University, 2018. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/4582/.

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Jordan has in general a good healthcare system; yet it has been always exposed to both internal and external challenges which compromise the gains it has achieved over the years. This thesis examines one of the internal challenges, as something that concerns many Jordanians, is arguably holding back and disadvantaging the health sector, yet is something within Jordan’s power to address it. This internal challenge concerns the main constraints to the health sector improvement is the absence of an overall national health policy despite the existence of a constitutional mechanism. This is particularly acute in Jordan as the publicly funded health sector has three largely autonomous and parallel clusters of provision. Thus, this study intends to critically review the options for effective health policy formulation in Jordan based on investigating the current and previous status of the national health policy formulation and its main challenges. This has been done in the context of study of the literature about health policy formulation, and of the potential for and limitations to transfer of policy and mechanisms from one country to another; and with a focus on low and middle income countries. The empirical study uses ‘qualitatively-driven’ mixed methods, the data was primarily obtained by conducting semi-structured interviews with High Health Council members and key Stakeholders in health sector and health related entities. The empirical study uses ‘qualitatively-driven’ mixed methods, the data primarily obtained by conducting semi-structured interviews with High Health Council members and key Stakeholders in health sector and health related entities. The main results reveal that the national health policy formulation in Jordan faces numerous challenges; these challenges are not limited only to internal issues, as Jordan is vulnerable to the regional incidents. The results also reveal that the respondents recommended more than one option for formulating the national health policy effectively. However, based on the evidences and respondents’ views; and the experience reflected in the literature, the most effective option for the national health policy formulation has been identified from the options put forward. This option is argued to give the best possibilities, and harnesses indigenous skills and resources to potentially best effect.

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38

Rankine, Jonathan M. W. "Interest group influence in the formulation of official development assistance policy, the Canadian foreign policy review of 1994." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30997.pdf.

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39

Altameem, Torki Abdulaziz. "The critical factors of e-government adoption : an empirical study in the Saudi Arabia public sectors." Thesis, Brunel University, 2007. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5070.

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This thesis draws on electronic government (e-govemment) policy formulation, implementation and execution. IT has been enthused by the perceived lack of a model for e-government in Saudi Arabia public sectors. A model for e-government implementation is developed for Saudi Arabia. It examines critical factors that have impacts on e-government implementation in Saudi public sectors by collecting and analysing data in both quantitative and qualitative approaches, and further presenting an extensive review on literature. This exercise is significant, to avoid the pitfalls of imposing universal approaches to research and policy practices. The conclusions and recommendations of this research are significant for both practitioners, in providing guidelines for e-government implementation, and scholars, in suggesting further research in the new area of e-government.

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40

Peterson, Jennifer. "Facilitating policy formulation and policy implementation : a case study of policy on the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3551.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>This case study explores the evolution of South African policy on prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT). It employs the advocacy coalition framework developed by Paul Sabatier to analyse the factors that have hindered and facilitated the alteration and subsequent implementation of PMTCT policy. It provides a clear illustration of the impact that actors outside of the government can have on policy change and policy implementation.

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41

Chan, Yee-ying Michelle. "The formulation and implementation of healthcare reform in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B2329470x.

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42

Drioli, Trisha. "The formulation and implementation of local environment policy at the City of Burnside /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envd781.pdf.

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43

Konteh, William. "Forest resource management in Sierra Leone : a critique of policy formulation and implementation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3263/.

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This research identified the two principal reasons for unsustainable forest management in Sierra Leone as inadequate forest policies and policy implementation. There has been a consistent disparity between the government's stated forest policies, published in 1912, 1946 and 1988 with goals of protection and sustainable management, and its actual policies which since 1922 have mainly promoted unsustainable exploitation. Reliance on out-of-date policies created ambiguity that allowed the government to pursue this hidden agenda. Changes in policy were analysed with a balance of policy pressures model that assessed changes in the influence of major policy actors and stresses on them. The dominant actors since 1912 have been the Executive and the Bureaucracy, subject to pressures from the British government (until Independence in 1961) and timber traders. Stated policy changed in 1912 and 1946 in response to their concern about the threat posed by deforestation to timber supplies. But actual policy was soon relaxed, to increase selfsufficiency and contribute to the allied war effort (1939-1945), and benefit the country's Business Elite, particularly after 1969 when patronage and corruption proliferated. Stated policy changed in 1988 under pressure from foreign donor organisations concerned about environmental impacts of forest depletion. But local NOOs and other protectionist groups were still too weak to force a change in actual policy. Poor forest policy implementation by the state's Forestry Division between 1961 and 1984 was explained by institutional constraints, shown by an organisation theory model to involve poor organisational strength, an organisational structure with a clear chain of command but long reporting lines, a high level of discretion allowed to senior staff, and external conditioning of policy down the chain of command. The new structure introduced in 1984 to facilitate more decentralised forest management made lines of communication more indirect and continuing use of old reporting lines led to confusion and dual allegiance. A questionnaire and interview survey of Forestry Division staff found that poor staff compliance with policy is influenced by lack of freedom to express opinions, dilapidated working conditions, limited equipment, low salaries, lack of opportunities for training and promotion, and lack of participation in policy formulation. The government's inability to control peripheral areas has been further limited since 1991 by a rebel insurgency which forced forestry staff to withdraw from most forested areas. While still politically weak, NOOs have complemented the role of the government by undertaking their own afforestation projects. A survey of NOO staff showed that their morale, effectiveness and resource availability were all much higher than that of the Forestry Division. The results of this first comprehensive forest policy analysis for Sierra Leone raise queries about assumptions by environmentalist groups that management of tropical forests generally will become more sustainable simply if governments introduce improved policies, as they are committed to do as signatories to the 2nd International Tropical Timber Agreement. Actual policy will remain exploitative if protectionist groups inside a country remain weak, and implementation will continue to be constrained by institutional factors.

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44

Hung, Suet-lin Shirley, and 洪雪蓮. "Professional power and policy formulation: ananalysis of youth welfare services in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964485.

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45

Wong, Chi-hung, and 黃志鴻. "Urban renewal policy in Hong Kong: an analysis of its formulation and implementation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30110865.

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46

Dorman, Andrew Mark. "An examination of the formulation and implementation of British defence policy, 1979-89." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340560.

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This thesis seeks to examine the evolution of defence policy within the MoD during the period 1979-89. It focuses on the dynamics of policy formulation and implementation within the MoD at the highest level, taking into account the political context, both d~mestic and international, in which defence policy evolved. It shows how the different dimensions to policy: declaratory, military strategy and procurement, interacted with one another and concludes that no single dimension was dominant for the entire period. To undertake this task the thesis uses the concept of concentric time-cycles operating within the Ministry of Defence. This provides a means of understanding: firstly, the objectives and priorities of the various actors involved; and secondly, the areas of policy they were most able to influence. It gives a clear understanding of how policy evolved within the MoD over a specific period of time and the factors that lay behind these changes. In particular, it shows that the way in which the various actors thought was generally a reflection of the time-cycle they were in.

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47

Huxtable, Louisa Anne. "Input by business into business-environment policy formulation in Wales : a case study." Thesis, Swansea University, 2009. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43040.

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This thesis investigates the case of the Expert Panel on Resources Management for Wales (EPRM). The research problem addressed is whether the EPRM process was a novel, repeatable and effective method for business to inform public policy, specifically in the area of business-environment policy making. The aim of the research was to create a case study that included: observations of the EPRM process and its wider context; a comparison of the process with that used traditionally; and an assessment of the effectiveness of the process and its outcomes. A review of the literature suggests that the incidences of research and political theory being proactively and practically applied to policy making by those who are political or social science practitioners are few. Much of the research in this field occurs independent of policy operation, and is often observational and critical in its nature, creating an opportunity for novel study and practical input to the policy making process. Using participant observation, documentary evidence, survey methods and interviews, the case study presented here provides an insight into the workings of the EPRM in the context of business-environment policy making in post-devolution Wales. It shows that in practice the Panel's work was novel and, although suffering from some limitations, it could be suitable for use in other policy areas and by other non-autonomous devolved governments. The thesis concludes that the EPRM process resulted in viable, sensible public policy recommendations that were the product of a valid evidence base and credible public participation, and that it was a fit for purpose, effective and innovative method for developing policy ideas.

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48

Greene, Caroline Ashley. "Exploring discourse change in the formulation of coastal management policy in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9738.

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Bibliography: p. 109-112.<br>The field of coastal management in South Africa, and the discourses which construct and are constructed by it, are in transition. Emerging front a history of a narrow scientific approach with goals related mainly to environmental conservation, coastal management has in the 1990s become far broader and more orientated towards socio- economic development. This forms part of a wider transition in the social practice of environmental management under South Africa’s new democratic government, in which environmental goals have begun to be pursued in the context of broader social and economic aims. This mini-thesis explores the shift which has occurred in coastal management policy and practice over the past decade, analysing representative samples of the discourse of coastal management policy. The use of a critical approach to discourse analysis enables an understanding of the power relations and ideological forces at play, both within the policy discourses and in the broader social practices of coastal management and policy formulation of which they are a part.

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49

Wong, Chi-hung. "Urban renewal policy in Hong Kong : an analysis of its formulation and implementation /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21037954.

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Chan, Fung-lan Doris. "A study of the formulation and implementation of Hong Kong's external trade policy." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19711827.

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