Tesis sobre el tema "Police questioning"

Questions are never asked without a reason, and whenever a question is made, it becomes a vehicle for another action. Questions, on their most basic level, endeavour to strike up an epistemic balance between the interlocutors in that the questioner appears to be seeking information. This study builds on the body of existing literature on questioning in interaction. It explores questions and questioning through a corpus of police interviews recorded in a police station in a Montenegrin city, with a particular focus on how the participants to interrogations are managing questions with purpose in Serbo-Croatian. Similar to other types of institutional interaction in the literature, this study shows that when asking questions, detectives have in mind completing a range of smaller 'jobs' as well as solving the project in general. Thus, chapter 4 shows how while performing these jobs, close connection is exhibited between the linguistic form, epistemics and action. The detectives, for instance, select from different linguistic forms of 'do you know' interrogatives in order to perform different actions, such as asking for information, asking for confirmation or preparing the ground for another activity. Moreover, the roles of participants in interrogations heavily affect the language and interactional techniques they are using. Thus, certain interactional techniques are noted to be tied only to certain types of interviews and to certain tasks of the detectives. Chapter 5 indicates that the detectives use the technique of repeating a part or the whole of the received answer only when speaking with suspects and in order to express doubts about their answers. At the same time, chapter 6 shows that only those interlocutors, who in the course of interrogation realise they are being treated as suspects use rhetorical questions as a defensive technique specific of this interactional identity. This study generally supports the thesis that questioning is never done without a specific action in mind and that a range of possible activities can be performed through the question-answer pairs in interrogation.

This thesis examines judicial approaches to cell-plant interrogations in Canada and the United States. These are surreptitious interrogations whereby the police inject an undercover state agent into the detention environment with the object of eliciting inculpatory statements from an accused.
This thesis examines and compares the strengths and weaknesses of Canadian and United States judicial approaches to cell-plant interrogations, and their respective applications of section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Bill of Rights. In both countries, an accused can seek to have their incriminating statements excluded from evidence where they persuade the court that such statements were elicited by a state agent. Despite the seemingly similar language of their legal tests, Canadian and U.S. jurists define state agency and elicitation in very different ways leading potentially to very dissimilar outcomes based on the same factual circumstances.

The present study examined jurors' evaluations of retracted confessions as a function of the amount of trivial detail within the confession and level of interrogation pressure. Participants in the experimental conditions read a transcript of a murder trial involving a suspect who confessed in a high-pressure or low-pressure situation and provided either a high or low amount of detail. A no-confession control version, in which the suspect denied all allegations against him, was also included in the study. Although one analysis suggested that a high-amount of detail within the confession might make it more likely that jurors would give higher estimates of guilt, it did not lead jurors to give more guilty verdicts. In contrast to previous findings, the presence of a confession did not make it more likely that a juror would render a guilty verdict or give higher estimates of guilt, as no difference was found between the experimental groups and the control group.
Department of Psychological Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005.
"December, 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-42). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.

The ability to successfully distinguish truthful and deceptive messages within forensic contexts is important to preserve the integrity of the legal system. Research has shown that confession evidence is highly persuasive at a trial level and that false confessions leading to wrongful convictions are problematic within the judicial system. Some recent research also suggests that that neither lay observers nor law enforcement professionals are able to successfully distinguish truths and lies in the context of confessions. Therefore, the present safeguards in the judicial system may be inadequate to detect a false confession and prevent subsequent wrongful convictions. The research presented in this thesis was designed to explore the effectiveness of methods of detecting deception within forensically relevant contexts, specifically confessions. Study One examined the impact of presentation modality and the effectiveness of indirect deception measures on credibility assessments of autobiographical accounts depicting truthful and deceptive confessions. The outcome of this study revealed that fact finders were unable to accurately classify truthful and deceptive confessions across presentation modalities and that indirect measures were unsuccessful in this context. In light of these findings, subsequent studies examined the validity of statement content analysis to discern truth from deception within the context of confessions. Study Two assessed evaluations of Criteria-based Content Analysis and the Aberdeen Report Judgment Scales, as applied by untrained observers to discriminate truthful and deceptive confessions. Findings revealed null effects and demonstrated that training in the application of content-based evaluations is an integral element of the valid application of such measures to detecting deception. Studies Three, Four and Five, therefore incorporated a comprehensive training program and focused on the application of a theoretically based method for detecting deception, the Aberdeen Report Judgement Scales, to the analysis of forensically relevant statements describing confessions, alibis and victimisation accounts. Overall, findings revealed some modest evidence for the application of this framework within deceptive contexts, however, account differences as a function of truth status were often rather small and assessments on many dimensions produced null findings. These results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications for discerning truths and lies within forensic contexts.

This research developed a pro forma document for use in police rape investigations in South Africa. The immediate context for the research is the alarmingly high incidence of rape in South Africa. The rape statistics vary to an extent, largely due to the fact that a large proportion of the rapes that occur in South Africa are not reported to the police. These statistics expose the limited success of the South African Police Services (SAPS) in terms of investigating rape cases in this country, as well as the public perception of the effectiveness of the South African Police Services in this regard as evidenced by the non or under-reporting of rape in South Africa. The pro forma document is an investigative tool designed to standardise and systematise rape investigations by providing set guidelines for obtaining the essential information about each rape case. This is a prerequisite for Tender profiling, which involves predicting the relationship between offence and offender variables. Profiling can only be successful if the investigator obtains all the information about a crime. Hence the pro forma document, as an investigative instrument designed to access essential information about a crime, is a key requirement for the development of informed and accurate profiles of offenders. As a standardised form, the document will allow for systematic and thorough rape investigations in South Africa. The researcher employed the qualitative methodology of action research. This entailed involving the participants in all stages of the research process. The data was collected by means of focus group interviews with detectives from the Serious and Violent Crimes Unit and the Child Protection Unit in Grahamstown. Additional sources of data were various investigative documents that originated from a number of different countries. Analysis of the data followed a number of procedural steps specifically suggested for focus group interview research and involved a process of coding. The codes identified during the analysis provided the foundation for the items that were included in the pro forma document. In keeping with the action research approach, the participants were caned upon to evaluate the progress of the research after the initial data collection and analysis were completed, and a draft version of the pro forma document had been compiled. This feedback provided another source of data which contained suggestions for amendments to the pro forma document which the researcher implemented. The research process was hindered to a certain extent by the unpredictable nature of police work which influenced the data gathering procedure. This could point to a possible limitation of the research. Furthermore, the aim of the research was to develop a pro forma document for use in rape investigations in South Africa. This aim did not encompass marketing the document. Herein lies another possible limitation of the research in that the document has not yet been used and tested in real cases. A discussion of the research process includes issues involved in practically implementing the pro forma document in rape investigations.

Orientador: Maria Filomena Gregori
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar os documentos oficiais produzidos pela Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher (DDM) de Campinas, em casos de estupro e atentado violento ao pudor ocorridos nos anos de 2004 e 2005. Por meio de uma etnografia desses documentos, busquei entender as formas narrativas e burocráticas pelas quais esses atos são transformados em crimes e busquei também a compreensão de como a sexualidade passa a ser campo de intervenção da polícia civil especializada de Campinas. Objetivando delinear as formas pelas quais os inquéritos policiais são produzidos, essa pesquisa tem como cerne os procedimentos de escrita utilizados por essas profissionais, sejam esses ofícios, requisições, relatórios, laudos, termos de declaração e Boletins de Ocorrências. Essas formas de narrar evidenciam não só as convenções narrativas que servem de anteparo para a escrita, mas também os mecanismos pelos quais o trabalho policial é executado. Assim, seja por meio de uma escrita técnica próxima aos expedientes detetivescos, seja por meio de uma forma de escrever sensível e empática ao sofrimento das crianças ou ainda por aquela forma que coloca em suspensão o que é dito em casos de crimes envoltos em conflitos infrafamiliares, é a arte de escrever o ofício policial que ganhará destaque nessa dissertação. Entretanto, também insígnias, carimbos e assinaturas que percorrem os inquéritos policiais são fundamentais nesta pesquisa, pois colocam em evidência as tramas institucionais nas quais a polícia especializada de Campinas está imersa. Sem dúvida, é mediante papéis e por intermédio deles que a polícia se comunica com instituições tais como Fórum Criminal, Instituto Médico Legal e Instituto de Criminalística da cidade. Mas, é também por meio desses mesmos papéis que a DDM comunica estupros e atentados violento ao pudor ao Judiciário. Nas páginas desta dissertação enredaremos nas histórias de mulheres como Marcelas, Joanas, Madalenas e Martas, bem como com os abusos de menores como Anas, Carolinas, Julianas e Lucas. É por meio delas que homens como João, Ricardo, Valmir, Antônio, José, Gilberto e Aldair entram nos meandros burocráticos da polícia civil como autores, averiguados ou indiciados
Abstract: This dissertation aims to investigate the official documents produced by the Women's Police Stations (DDM) in Campinas in cases of rape and indecent assault occurred in 2004 and 2005. Through an ethnography of those documents I sought to understand the narrative and bureaucratic form by the way these acts are transformed into crimes and also to understand how sexuality becomes a specialized Civilian Police interventional field in Campinas. Aiming to outline the ways in which police investigations are produced, the heart of this research is in the written procedures used by professionals. These are letters, requests, reports, findings, terms of statements and Occurrences Reports. These forms of narrative show up the narrative conventions that serve as foundation for the writing and also the mechanisms by which police work is performed. Therefore, either through a technical writing next to detective tasks either by a sensitive and empathetic way of writing about children's suffering or by the one who puts in suspension what is said in cases of crimes wrapped in infrafamiliares conflicts, the art of writing the police's office that will gain prominence in this dissertation. However, there are badges, stamps and signatures that cross the police investigations and are also essential in this research because they put in evidence the plots in which the institutional specialized police Campinas is immersed. Undoubtedly it's by papers and through them that the police communicate with institutions such as Criminal Forum of Campinas, Institute of Forensic Medicine and Institute of Criminology of the city.But it is also through these same roles that the DDM communicates rapes and violent assaults to the judiciary. In the pages of this dissertation we are enmeshed in the stories of women like Marcelas, Joanas, Madalenas e Martas, as well as the abuse's stories of minors as Anas, Carolinas, Julianas and Lucas. It is through them that men like João, Ricardo, Valmir, Antonio, José, Gilberto and Aldair enter into the bureaucratic intricacies of the Civilian Police as investigated or indicted authors
Mestrado
Antropologia Social
Mestre em Antropologia Social

A presente pesquisa, valendo-se do método de pesquisa-ação, objetiva propor ações que possam ser implementadas para a melhora na eficácia da investigação de homicídios na cidade de Curitiba, atualmente realizada pela Divisão de Homicídios e Proteção à Pessoa (DHPP-PR). Para tanto se realizou pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo nas divisionais de homicídio de São Paulo e Curitiba. Dissertou-se acerca da relação do Estado, governo e administração pública com a segurança pública; sobre as noções históricas da polícia de segurança, com sua definição. Apresentou-se a taxionomia das diversas polícias atuantes no Brasil. Discorreu-se sobre o conceito de violência e constatou-se seu espraiamento para regiões antes mais seguras. Por fim, verificaram-se as práticas da Departamento Estadual de Homicídios e de Proteção à Pessoa (DHPP-SP) e as melhores ações, comparando-as às práticas da DHPP-PR de Curitiba, apontando os problemas identificados e propondo ações passíveis de solucioná-los.
This research, taking advantage of the method of research-action aims to propose actions that can be implemented to improve the effectiveness of the investigation of homicides in the city of Curitiba, currently held by Homicide Division and Protection of Persons (DHPP-PR). Held bibliographic and field research in the divisional murder of São Paulo and Curitiba. Disserted on the relationship of the state, government and public administration to public security; on the historical notions of security police with their definition. Presented the taxonomy of the various active security police in Brazil. Discoursed about the concept of violence and found out before its spreading to safer areas. Finally, there were the practices of the State Department of Homicide and Protection of Persons (DHPP-SP) and its best actions, comparing them to the practices of DHPP-PR from Curitiba, pointing out the problems identified and proposing actions that could solve them.

Nearly 700,000 suspects with mental disorders are arrested and Mirandized each year. The current study systematically examined the effects of cognitive deficits and psychological symptoms on both Miranda comprehension and reasoning. The current sample was comprised of 85 adult psychiatric inpatients recruited from University Behavioral Health (UBH), a private psychiatric hospital in North Texas. Unexpectedly, most inpatients demonstrated pervasive deficits in their immediate recall of a representative Miranda warning, omitting approximately four-fifths of its content. In addition, the majority of inpatients evidenced damaging errors in their reasoning about waiver decisions. As a result, 64.7% waived and subsequently confessed after only a 3-5 minute interrogation. Interestingly, impaired verbal ability but not the severity of their symptoms predicted greater deficits in Miranda comprehension.

Millions of custodial suspects waive their rights each year without the benefit of legal counsel. The question posed to psychologists in disputed Miranda waivers is whether this waiver decision was, knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. Mental health professionals must be aware of potential barriers to Miranda comprehension to provide expert opinions regarding a defendant's competency to waive rights. The current study examined how Miranda warning reading level, length, and method of administration affects Miranda comprehension. Recently arrested detainees at Grayson County Jail were administered oral and written Miranda warnings from the Miranda Statements Scale (MSS; Rogers, 2005) to measure their comprehension of the warnings. Surprisingly low levels of Miranda comprehension were found for most warnings. For all warnings at or above 8th grade, a substantial minority (27.1% - 39.6%) of defendants exhibited failed (i.e., < 50% understanding) Miranda comprehension. Regardless of other variables, oral administrations resulted in a substantially larger number of defendants with failed Miranda comprehension. Implications for public policy and clinical practice are discussed.

Each year, an estimated 318,000 defendants who do not comprehend the Miranda warnings waive their rights and provide incriminating evidence without the protection of counsel (Rogers, 2008), which make Miranda-related competencies one of the most pervasive pretrial issues. A wide range of issues could potentially affect an individual's capacity to provide a knowing and intelligent waiver. Previous Miranda research has focused narrowly on the effects of cognitive and developmental factors. The current study added to the Miranda literature by examining the impact of two highly prevalent conditions found in correctional populations, attention deficits and substance abuse. Adult defendants in custody (N = 118) were evaluated within 36 hours of arrest in order to assess both chronic psychological disorders and situational variables. Results indicate that attention deficits have a significant impact on defendants' ability to provide a knowing Miranda waiver, whereas substance use profoundly affected their reasoning about Miranda waiver decisions. This study represents the first systematic investigation of the effect of transient mental states on Miranda-related abilities with criminal defendants. Important implications for forensic practice are addressed.

Sweden’s drug policy still invokes the ideas of zero-tolerance and prohibition despite the high reported number of drug-related deaths and arrest rates for using drugs in Sweden in the latest years. To reach knowledge about why prohibition of illegal drugs has remained such a strong staple of Swedish politics for the latest 60 years, this study asks questions about which ideas and arguments constituting the Swedish drug policy, examines the logical coherence of these, and proposes an alternative policy route which aims to mitigate the shortcomings of the current policy. The drug policy field is extensive and studies from different nations show that drug policies that move away from prohibitionist ideas have succeeded in both reducing drug-related mortality rates and reducing the stigma that is attached to either using or abusing psychoactive drugs. Because of an identified unclarity of why the prohibitionary ideas in Sweden have remained despite recent developments, this study aims to fill a gap in existing research by normatively analyzing the ideas in the policy. Since these ideas have great importance in restrictions of individual liberty and public health considerations, knowledge about them is essential to create because liberty and public health are fundamental aspects in any democratic society. The research endeavor performs an internal validity check as the methodological approach to check the internal logic and arguments of the policy and uses a theory of liberty to shed light on the trade-offs between liberty and public health. What is discovered is that the Swedish drug policy builds on inconsistent arguments and incoherent logic and has a moralizing intent that allows for restrictions on individual liberty to reach a utopian vision of a drug-free society. Also, this study shows that it is possible to create a policy that can mitigate the harms caused by the current by adhering to the principle that individual liberty should stretch as far as possible when no harm is caused to another. The implications of this are that it will be harder to justify the zero-tolerance approach in the future and that future policy must look to other policy approaches rather than build policy on assumptions based on outdated moralism.

Magistro darbo objektas – Lietuvos mokslinė biblioteka, labiausiai orientuojantis į šiandienos ir ateities situaciją. Darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti mokslinių bibliotekų vietą bei vaidmenį Lietuvos informacinėje infrastruktūroje. Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai: išsiaiškinti informacinės visuomenės, valstybės informacijos infrastruktūros sąvokas, surasti jų apibrėžimus; apžvelgti ir išanalizuoti valstybės ir visuomenės raidos veiksnius, turinčius įtakos šiandienos mokslinių bibliotekų egzistavimui informacinės visuomenės kontekste; apibrėžti, kas yra mokslinė biblioteka bei surasti jos vietą Lietuvos bibliotekų sistemoje; atlikti Delphi metodu pagrįstą ekspertų apklausą. Jos tikslas – atsižvelgiant į informacinės visuomenės plėtrą, įvertinti mokslinių bibliotekų vaidmenį Lietuvos informacijos infrastruktūroje, sužinoti svarbiausias mokslinių bibliotekų veiklos sritis ir galimybes aktyviau prisidėti prie šiandienos iššūkių. Rengiant darbą, naudoti literatūros bei teisinių ir strateginių dokumentų analizės, aprašomasis, Delphi ekspertų apklausos bei duomenų apdorojimo metodai. Svarbiausios magistro darbe prieitos išvados: šiandienos mokslinių bibliotekų egzistavimo tikslus ir uždavinius labiausiai įtakoja informacinės visuomenės kūrimas. Kuriant šią sistemą, pagrindiniais prioritetais tampa besimokanti, atvira visuomenė bei jos piliečių sugebėjimas naudotis naujausiomis informacinėmis technologijomis, informacinis raštingumas, informacijos prieinamumas. Šiuos reikalavimus padeda... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The purpose of the thesis is to ascertain the position and role of scientific libraries in the information infrastructure of Lithuania. The following tasks were raised, seeking to achieve the fixed goal, i.e. to clarify the notions “the information society” and “the state information infrastructure”, to find their definitions; to review and analyze the factors of evolution of the state and society, which influence the current existence of scientific libraries in the context of the information society; to define what is meant under “the scientific library”; to clarify and define the system of libraries in Lithuania, to fix the position of scientific libraries in it; to carry out interrogation of the experts, substantiated by the Delphi method. Its purpose is to evaluate the role of scientific libraries in the information infrastructure of Lithuania, with taking into consideration expansion of the information society; to find out the most important spheres of activity of scientific libraries and their possibilities to join the contemporary challenges more actively. The object of the thesis is a scientific library of Lithuania, being more oriented towards the present and future situation. The thesis consists out of 3 chapters, i.e. 1.Efforts of expansion of the information society; 2. The system of libraries in the information infrastructure of Lithuania; 3. Position of libraries in the information infrastructure of Lithuania: the Delphi scientific investigation. The first... [to full text]

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This work aims to question the current actions of teacher evaluation, specially the policy of Merit-based Promotion, with the objective of analyzing them according to the manifestations of the educational professionals of the Department of Education of the State of São Paulo. The theoretical references include the following authors: Stephen Ball, with his policy cycle approach; Viñao Frago, in order to understand the concept of reform in the perspective of the school culture, the managers culture and the reformers culture; Claude Lessard, to accomplish the analysis of different approaches about teacher evaluation. This research is considered having quantitative and qualitative nature, involving a descriptive-analytical study of proposals, actions and agents that convey ideas about the policy of Merit-based Promotion. In order to do so, we used documental analysis of 67 questionnaires answered by professionals of the educational system of the state of São Paulo (supervisors, directors and teachers) from 04 Boards of Education (from the great ;region of São Paulo and from the countryside of the state), chosen by their profile in the selection process of promotion in 2012. This work, therefore, investigated the policy of Merit-based Promotion, questioning it concerning the ideas, backgrounds, characters, paths, forms and proceedings that form it, focusing them on the perspective of the discourses and actions of the regulators and questioners (context of the influence and the text production), as well as in the perspective of the academic studies (context of the results/effects) and manifestations of educational professionals who work at the public system of the state of São Paulo (context of the practice). Another aim of this investigation was also questioning how the policy strategies are created and recreated, from the regulators and questioners points of view. The main results allowed us to observe, from the analysis of the multiple contexts, how such policy influences careers, practices and conceptions of the professionals of the educational system of the state of São Paulo, acting as a system of control and standardization. It was also possible to confirm the hypothesis that there are many actors who reinterpret and give a new meaning to the policy of Merit-based Promotion; however, the educational professionals are not the most influent actors in this process
Esta investigação problematiza as ações atuais de avaliação docente, em especial a política de Promoção por Mérito, tendo como objetivo analisá-las segundo as manifestações dos profissionais da educação no âmbito da Secretaria Estadual de Educação de São Paulo. O referencial teórico inclui os seguintes autores: Stephen Ball por sua abordagem do ciclo de políticas (policy cycle approach);Viñao Frago para compreender o conceito de reforma na perspectiva da cultura escolar, cultura dos gestores e cultura dos reformadores; Claude Lessard para análise das diferentes abordagens sobre avaliação docente. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa envolvendo um estudo analítico-descritivo de propostas, ações e agentes que veiculam ideias sobre a política de Promoção por Mérito. Para tanto, são utilizadas análises documental e de 67 questionários respondidos por profissionais da rede educacional paulista (supervisores, diretores e professores) de 04 Diretorias de Ensino (da Grande São Paulo e do interior do estado), selecionados por seu perfil em relação ao concurso de promoção realizado em 2012. Esta pesquisa, portanto, investiga a política de Promoção por Mérito, problematizando-a quanto às ideias que a conformam, cenários, personagens, percursos, modalidades e instâncias, focalizando-os na perspectiva dos discursos e ações de regulamentadores e problematizadores (contexto da influência e da produção de texto), bem como na perspectiva dos estudos acadêmicos (contexto dos resultados/efeitos) e manifestações de profissionais da educação que atuam na rede pública estadual de São Paulo (contexto da prática). A investigação procura problematizar também como as estratégias políticas são criadas e recriadas, tanto do ponto de vista dos regulamentadores quanto dos problematizadores. Os principais resultados desta investigação permitem constatar, a partir da análise dos múltiplos contextos, como tal política influencia carreiras, práticas e concepções dos profissionais da educação da rede pública paulista, atuando como mecanismo de controle e padronização. Foi possível confirmar, ainda, a hipótese de que são muitos os atores que ressignificam e reinterpretam a política de Promoção por Mérito, porém, não são os profissionais da educação os atores mais influentes neste processo

The study evaluated the questions used in a polygraph test. It focused on criminal investigative tests (also referred to as “criminal specific tests”), those tests conducted when a criminal offence has been committed and the in-test phase questions (those test questions asked to address what is under investigation). To conduct a successful criminal investigative polygraph test, it is important that polygraphists be familiar with the types of questions used in a polygraph test and how they should be formulated for more effective outcomes. The recognition of these questions and how they are formulated is of utmost importance as it determines the success of the criminal investigative polygraph test.
Police Practice
M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

In spite of the SAPS having a dedicated polygraph capacity since 1998, little research has been conducted with regard to the use of the polygraph in criminal investigations. Consequently, the aim of this research was to focus on the perceptions and experiences of investigators in the SAPS regarding the application of polygraph testing in criminal investigations, the application of the polygraph as an investigative aid, the extent to which it is used by SAPS investigators to resolve criminal cases opened by the general public and/or in internal departmental criminal investigations; and whether or not it has helped to solve cases by giving direction and/or focus to the investigator when an investigation is at an impasse. A qualitative research approach was conducted among investigators within the SAPS. The research design selected for this study was grounded theory. The sample consisted of twenty investigators, ten of whom had previously used polygraph examinations in their investigations and ten of whom had not. Data was collected from interviews, document analysis, field notes and memoranda which presented and detailed the perceptions and experiences of investigators in the SAPS regarding the application of polygraph tests in criminal investigations.
Criminology and Security Science
M.A. (Criminology)

This research paper has examined the validity of the Forensic Assessment Interview Technique (FAINT). FAINT is a specific interview process - accepted and in current use - integrating the works of this researcher with the works of John Reid, Richard Arther, and Avinoam Sapir. The FAINT technique involves the evaluation of nonverbal behavior, projective analysis of unwitting verbal cues, and statement analysis. The fundamental hypothesis of FAINT is that truthful and deceptive criminal suspects differ demonstrably in their nonverbal, verbal and written communication, when asked to respond to a structured format of interview questions. FAINT maintains that these differences are observable and can be quantified to allow forensic interviewers to make accurate determinations of a suspect's involvement in a crime. This research has examined the validity of the technique as measured by a traditional, unweighted 3 point scale and a weighted scoring system (an issue being researched in this paper) comparatively used for determining truth or deception. This dissertation reports the results of both scoring systems, as well as a comparison between them and the historically used Behavioral Analysis Interview (BAI) that was developed by John E. Reid.
Criminology
MA (Criminology)

With this study, the researcher wants to establish whether investigators are able to effectively interpret, report on, or pay cognisance to body language during interviews, and whether they are sufficiently trained therein. Knowledge of body language can provide the interviewer with vital clues during the interview process. Regardless of the availability of numerous literatures on nonverbal behaviour in interviewing, the application of this knowledge is lacking among investigators. An empirical research design and a qualitative research approach were used for this research. National and international literature sources were consulted, and the researcher conducted interviews with two experts, knowledgeable investigators and semi-structured interviews with detectives from the East London South African Police Service (SAPS) and forensic investigators from the Special Investigating Unit (SIU) in East London. The importance of the skill of interpreting body language during forensic interviewing was established. Evidently, many investigators do not apply their knowledge and skill to enhance the outcomes of a forensic interview.
Criminology and Security Science
M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

Tese de doutoramento em Sociologia, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra
A presente tese consiste em um estudo sociológico a partir do caso da Usina Hidroelétrica Belo Monte, em construção no Estado do Pará, na Amazônia brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi dedicar um olhar para a questão da saúde a partir da perspectiva das populações atingidas pelo megaprojeto hidroelétrico. O trabalho inicia com uma apresentação do histórico dos projetos de barramento do rio Xingu, em meados dos anos 1970. Dos primeiros estudos da bacia hidrográfica do Xingu até o início da obra de Belo Monte passaram-se aproximadamente trinta anos e, durante esse período, muitas polémicas e disputas envolveram as populações atingidas, políticos, intelectuais, artistas, cientistas, ativistas e movimentos sociais. Também é discutido nesta tese o modelo de desenvolvimento económico brasileiro, para se compreender como se dá a opção pela construção de grandes projetos de infraestrutura, como é o caso de Belo Monte. A partir dessa primeira abordagem ao megaprojeto, passo a dar ênfase à perspectiva das populações atingidas por Belo Monte. Para tanto, foi necessário, primeiramente, conhecer melhor o universo de populações atingidas, compostas por populações urbanas, rurais, comunidades ribeirinhas e indígenas. Através do trabalho empírico realizado em Brasília/DF e Altamira/PA, foi possível conhecer e reconhecer a diversidade dessas populações e, assim identificar algumas questões importantes que não foram objeto de debate com o poder público e o empreendedor. É o que Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2006) chama de produções de não existência, ou invisibilidades. A utilização da matriz teórica das epistemologias do Sul (Santos, 2002) permitiu o reconhecimento dessas invisibilidades, isto é, permitiu ver como as alterações no ambiente e nos modos de vidas das populações atingidas por Belo Monte afetam a saúde e a qualidade de vida destas. É a partir dessa lente que se dedica o olhar para a saúde das populações atingidas, e a problematização dessa questão é realizada nesta tese tendo como protagonistas as próprias populações atingidas. Assim foi identificado como um dos problemas relevantes decorrentes da construção da Usina Hidroelétrica Belo Monte a relação entre o sofrimento sentido pelas populações atingidas e o surgimento de agravos à saúde. O sofrimento difuso é um conceito desenvolvido por Valla (2001) que será discutido nesta tese na medida em que é constatado como uma consequência de Belo Monte invisibilizada. Isto porque não foi previsto ou discutido como uma possibilidade, nem no Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), nem no seu respectivo Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (Rima). Também não foi percebido como uma situação merecedora de atenção por parte do órgão fiscalizador responsável pela conceção das licenças que permitiram Belo Monte ser construída, o Ibama. Ainda, a relação entre o sofrimento e os agravos à saúde das populações atingidas não foi alvo de políticas públicas na área da saúde pública. Dessa forma, pretende este trabalho contribuir para a discussão sobre a saúde das populações atingidas pelo megaprojeto Belo Monte, a partir do reconhecimento das populações atingidas como detentoras e produtoras de conhecimento relevante. ~This thesis consists of a sociological study from the case of Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, under construction in the State of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. The aim of this study was to dedicate a look at the issue of health from the perspective of the people affected by hydroelectric megaproject. The work begins with a presentation of the history of the Xingu River dam projects in the mid-1970s From the first studies of the watershed of the Xingu to the early work of Belo Monte it took about thirty years and during this period, many controversies and disputes involving the populations concerned, politicians, intellectuals, artists, scientists, activists and social movements. It is also discussed in this thesis the Brazilian model of economic development, to understand how is the option for the construction of large infrastructure projects, such as the case of Belo Monte. From this first approach to megaproject, then I give emphasis to the perspective of populations affected by Belo Monte. Therefore, it was necessary, firstly, to know the universe of affected populations, composed of urban, rural populations, coastal communities and indigenous people. Through the empirical work done in Brasilia / DF and Altamira / PA, it was possible to know and recognize the diversity of these populations and thus identify some important issues that were not subject to discussion with the government and the entrepreneur. It's what Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2006) calls invisibilities. Using the theoretical framework of South epistemologies (Santos, 2002) allowed the recognition of these invisibilities, allowed to see how changes in the environment and ways of life of the populations affected by Belo Monte affect the health and quality of life of that people. It is from this lens that is dedicated to looking at the health of the populations, and the questioning of this issue is carried out in this thesis having as protagonists the affected populations themselves. Thus it was identified as one of the relevant issues arising from the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Plant the relationship between the suffering experienced by the affected populations and the emergence of health problems. The diffuse suffering is a concept developed by Valla (2001) which will be discussed in this thesis since it is found as a result of Belo Monte. This is because it was not planned or discussed as a possibility, or the Environmental Impact Study (EIA), or in their respective Environmental Impact Report (RIMA). It was also not perceived as a worthy position of attention by the supervisory body responsible for the design of the licenses that allowed Belo Monte is built, the Ibama. Also, the relationship between suffering and health problems of the affected population was not the target of public policies in the field of public health. Thus, this work aims to contribute to the discussion on the health of populations affected by Belo Monte mega-project, from the recognition of the people affected as having relevant knowledge.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) - Nº BEX 1749-13-7