Tesis sobre el tema "Police criminelle – France"
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Matelly, Jean-Hugues. "Gendarmerie et police judiciaire criminelle : l'enquêteur face à l'organisation". Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10030.
The gendarmerie, a military force, is distinguished by a pyramidal hierarchical organization applied to a territorial and non-functional division. In the field of criminal investigation (CI), this model generates internal tensions. The judicial and police system is focused on some priority cases, due to their media coverage. Crime is thus the fact stigmatised in live by the public opinion. For the gendarmerie, matters mostly a criminal investigation department fit to answer this public commotion. To this end, a specialization more displayed than real seems to be enough. As regards as mass delinquency, in order to give results corresponding to the expectations of the authorities, the gendarmes know for a long time how to play with statistics. However, the investigators say they are fascinated with their job, a passion that is underemployed due to human resources management, which doesn't acknowledge much skills. They consider a real specialization of CI is necessary. Those expectations come up against the inflexibility of a general bureaucratic organization, which considers every specialization as a threat or a meddling of experts in the sovereign prerogatives of the military chief. This resistance is the expression of conflicts, particularly between officers from high military schools and officers from gendarmerie. For the first ones, who monopolize the strategic positions, the creation of a specialized division would further the development of an other power, owned by the expert officers who master the judicial field and could use the criminal investigation, favoured by medias, to increase their influence
Fombonne, Jacques. "L'exercice de la police technique et scientifique par la gendarmerie nationale : une solution rationnelle apportée pour le traitement de l'indice matériel, à la question de la preuve ne matière pénale". Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020057.
The purpose of this thesis is to set out the means that the national gendarmerie has at its disposal in orde to carry on technical and scientific police (or forensic science) : i. E staff, equipment and training ressorces to which must be added matters of use regulations. This presentation goes together with a correlative study of the facilities which are set up for the national police. Forensic science - whose various definitions are specified in the thesis - being based u pon the technical processing of material evidence, the initial developments endeavoured to underscore an analytical approach to the status of that piece of evidence - in ancient civilizations as well as in positive law - as legal evidence for the prosecution. This study was designed to result in an attempt to classify evidence and in the underlining of the necessity of a forensic operating of pieces of evidence as the only solution for the procedure evolution towards rationalism
Amourette, Cédric. "Prostitution et proxénétisme en France depuis 1946 : étude juridique et systémique". Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10042.
Gomez, Pardo Julian. "Gouverner et punir le crime en Île-de-France sous les rois absolus (XVIIè-XVIIIè siècles) : Politique pénale, criminalité et répression d'après les archives de la Maréchaussée de l'Île-de-France". Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131031.
Born at the beginning of the sixteenth century, the mounted police of Ile-de-France is created to fight against serious crime and to protect the big roads of the surroundings of Paris. Quickly integrated to the Parisian police plan of action, its activity is strongly controlled by the Parisian Parliament. Like the police general lieutenant, created in 1667, the provost company of Ile-de-France goes under the control of Colbert, minister at the “Maison de Paris” in 1668. It is divided into squads so as to spread its net over the area of Ile-de-France and to protect the main roads in a better way, while the severe justice of the Ile-de-France provost launches the last actions of torture. By dissociating the police and judicial functions in 1700 with the redefinition of the squad inspector’s role, Jérôme de Pontchartain, while he was at the post of minister (1699-1715), transforms the company in order to place it in the service of a policy of public safety and of the criminal policy of the government. From an auxiliary company of the provost justice specialized in the safety of the big roads, the mounted police of Ile-de-France becomes a police company of the Ile-de-France rural environment during the eighteenth century. The police practices change as the registered disagreement evolves. In addition to the traditional provost serious crime, the squads arrest petty criminals, even if it means handing them over to the general lieutenant or to the criminal lieutenant. The year 1741 marks a third breaking-off. Fueled by the arrival of a great number of young provincials in Ile-de-France, badly integrated to the Parisian society, crime increases. Marginality and criminality are lumped together by the power. Faced with the rise of criminality against the property, the suppression of marginality and a new phase of criminal suppression begin. The police prison practices, greatly used as a means of punishment, become widespread among the judicial practices, while the strongest punishments are in decline
Guenot, Marion. "« Le crime ne paie pas » : les Groupes d’Intervention Régionaux de la police judiciaire : sociologie politique de la construction d’une institution au succès improbable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080135.
This thesis focuses on the GIR, which bring together policemen, customs officers, customs inspectors, tax inspectors, labor inspectors, agents of the recovery of the social security contributions, and their work: the fight against the “underground economy” or “criminal property”. This work is based on observation, interviews, work on police archives in three GIR between 2014 and 2017 and their jurisdictions; and by questionnaire survey on the 2016 promotion of the “GIR investigator” training. Created in 2002, the GIR have been controversial, being exploited politically against the French suburbs. The professionals recruited in the GIR have built their autonomy by developing a new field of activity: seizure of criminal gains. Agents, who learn this atypical work “on the job”, define and implement categories of judgment on the wealth, poverty and immorality of profit seeking based on their own values and economic practices. The thesis shows how these very heterogeneous teams manage to create and defend a common goal responding to the principles of a redistributive justice. In order to attain their aim, GIR agents develop the skills of “diplomats” and “salespersons” of the “criminal property”. These groups constitute an interesting case of "project management" in the sovereign institutions
Carrillo, Jean-François. "Police judiciaire et renseignement face aux menaces criminelles". Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10045.
The objective of Criminal Investigation is to repress crimes and offences. In this view, based on the offences which have been notified, or eventually noticed, investigators implement techniques which will enable to gather proof, to identify the perpetrators, and to send them over to the law, for their trial. Thus, criminal intelligence is essential at this stage of investigation. But, besides the everyday criminality, new kinds of threats have occurred or have developed. Thus, the new environment of intelligence and criminal investigation consists in the generalisation of these new threats, the elimination of the distinction between internal and outside security, the creation of new relationship between security and defense, a new apprehension of the notion of border, and the evolution in missions of the police. At the same time, the consequences of the vividness of the terrorist threat refer to the fundamental question of which model of democratic police to be developed. The answer consists certainly in a new approach of the criminal investigation in the frame of a conception which would give an increased role to intelligence, enabling action as soon as the first constituent elements of the offence would be gathered. Nevertheless, this criminal intelligence, which can be qualified as offensive needs to enter a legal frame which reconciles respect for fundamental freedom with a necessary efficacy which is essential for the protection of the society
Matsopoulou, Haritini. "Les enquêtes de police". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010266.
This thesis aims to study the different investigations conferred by law to the police, investigations carried out most often by the judiciary police, but sometimes by members of the administrative police. The first section deals with investigations. A preliminary chapter draws the distinction between the judiciary police and the administrative police. This is followed by a presentation of the different services and a discussion of the judiciary polices organisation and functions. The first sub-section looks at the different investigations carried out by the judiciary police. Independent investigations (flagrant and preliminary) are examined, as are investigations subject to a judge's rogatory letters. The second sub-section deals with investigations of an administrative nature, either general (prefectural investigations, identity checks, telecommunications for security (reasons), or specific (alcoholism control, house searches, tax, customs or competition related seizures). The second section looks at the safeguards surrounding independent investigations carried out by the judiciary police. The first sub-section contains a detailed analysis of authorised acts (reports, calling on expert opinion, searches, seizures, and in particular police custody in relation to the laws of 4th january and 24th august 1993). This sub-section also looks at variais methods used by the police (photographs, phone taps, provocation, stratagems, use of bodily traces, files, and informers) from the point of view of human rights. The second sub-section examines the alaw related to investigations
Mauclair, Fabrice. "La justice seigneuriale du duché-pairie de La Vallière". Phd thesis, Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR2013.
The ancien régime's seigneurial jurisdictions have been much criticized. But studying the organisation and the activities of three seigneurial courts of the La Vallière's duchy-peerage (Château-la-Vallière, Saint-Christophe and Marçon) between 1667 and 1790, shows that this institution could prove to be efficient, quick, not very expensive, and offer quite a few advantages to the ordinary man. Thanks to their extented powers, those courts interfered in many areas of the social and economic life, making them in that way useful to the people. If they guaranteed the Lords the payment of their rights and the seigneurie's upkeep, they were first and foremost at the inhabitants community's service. Major bodies of the country's social regulation, they took part in the public service of justice and of the police, as did the royal courts. Between the end of 17th and the end of the 18th centuries the expenses generated by the acts of the seigneurial courts of La Vallière's duchy-peerage increased a great deal and yet their global activity decresased much at the same time. However, at the eve of Revolution the courts under study were not on the wane. They kept and maybe developped their activity in the voluntary justice area. What's more, the last ten or twenty years of the ancien régime were marked by a new lease of life of the contentious and criminal activities
Krimi, Imane. "Les droits de l’individu dans l’enquête préliminaire". Corte, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CORT0008.
Baccigalupo, Alain. "Polices d'investigation et droits de l'homme : étude de droit comparé : Canada/France". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010330.
Cama, Valérie. "Les investigations policières : vers la recherche d'un équilibre entre les pouvoirs de la police et les droits et libertés fondamentaux des personnes". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10046.
In a society that advocates equity and the respect of the human rights, the protection of the liberties is the problem for any person who has some power. There is in every organized society a right for repression, that finds expression in detrimental measures to individual liberty. These measures are all the more serious because they intervene before a final sentencing and yet, they are necessary for the correct course of the inquiry. The main task of our police is in fact to maintain law and order and to search for the authors of offences. The search for judicial truth constitutes their main task. The truth must be strongly established, demonstrated ; it will allow to esconarate the innocent person, it will allow to confound the guilty one. All liberal and individualistic idea of the state demands the respect and the protection of individual liberty. The measure of this protection depends on the interplay of the accepted limits. It's a question of strictly determining the legal context of police inquiries before establishing the limits of any intervention by the development of a legal context that establishes a fair balance between the coercive powers which are necessary to protect limits of any intervention by the development of a legal context that establishes a fair balance between the coercive powers which are necessary to protect public order, and the fundamental rights that we have to give the persons. France, the country of human rights does not get to establish a fair balance. The inadequacy of the guarantees because of the existence of limits to the actual principles of the persons' protection and of their fair rights clearly appears within our legislation; it's a sign of the superiority of public interest, of the prevention and the repression of penal offences on the private interest, in accordance with which we must guarantee individual freedom. Our legal system doesn't protect fundamental rights and liberties enough
Berthé, Gaffiero Catherine. "Le cinéma policier français (1910-1950) : du film à énigme au film criminel". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010559.
Hildenbrand, Sophie. "La prescription de l'action publique comme outil de politique criminelle : étude de droit comparé franco-allemand". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAA010.
The statute of limitations, envisaged as a tool in the service of clemency, was a revolutionary achievement in France and was fully established in Germany at the end of the 19th century. However, the increasing need for repression in the following century led to a massive rejection of the institution. Both the general and special statutes of limitation were used to satisfy criminal policies. The institution remains however essential in our Romano-Germanic law because of the mixed nature of its foundations. On the one hand, according to the German doctrin, it is possible to explain the principle of prescription materially by the diminishing intensity of the unlawfulness of the offence. On the other hand, its duration is determined by its procedural basis, which is the right to a fair trial. On the basis of this dual foundation, a far-reaching reform proposal will be formulated to give the institution its full vigour. Its general regime will be framed and its special regimes moderated
Marchant, Alexandre. "L'impossible prohibition : la lutte contre la drogue en France (1966-1996)". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0049.
Between the mid-1960s characterized by the sudden upsurge of new patterns of drug addiction within the Youth (1966: first media frenzy about LSD) resulting in the new prohibitionist Act of 1970, et the mid-1990s pointing out the generalization of harm reduction strategies (1996: institutionalization of opiates substitution treatments), the dissertation highlights the making the social, health and political problem of drug abuse, through the public policies, often influenced by the international frame of the “war on drugs”. The thesis focuses on the evolutions of uses, trafficking and public policies. It addresses the issue of prohibition: how is socially and publicly constructed the scandal that legitimizes THE prohibition ? Who are the stakeholders who defined it “from the top” (politicians, parliamentary committees, medical experts) and those who enforce the law “on the bottom” (police officers, judges, physicians)? What are the social consequences of this enforcement (increased criminalization of drug smuggling, stigmatization of drug users) ? How the system is contradicting itself between its repressive and care aspects ? This research is based on various archival materials: ministerial archives (Interior, Justice, Heath, Youth and Sports, National Education, Prime Minister’s administration, Inter-ministerial mission for the fight against drug and drug abuse – MILDT), parliamentary archives, private archives, contemporary printed sources, medias, INA archives…
Apetroaie, Cristina. "L'ambition d'une justice restaurative pour les jeunes délinquants : l'exemple de la France et de la Roumanie". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010303.
The restorative justice is a model in motion aiming, through the protagonists' active participation, to restore the social link broken by a crime. Heterogeneous and disparate, the restorative practices are experiencing difficulties implementing the field of French and Romanian criminal policies related to juvenile and young adult criminality. Openly restorative or concealed under a punitive appearance, its wealth is derived from the diversity of its practices, yet it represents as well a source of confusion, due to the Jack of a clearly defined conceptual framework. Depending on managerial approaches, the restorative devices are weakened by the inconstancy of their theoretical foundation. Thus, the establishment of a set of guiding principles would allow the restorative movement to transform into a restorative model. Cross-functional, these transformations are revealing themselves through a change of view regarding the crime, considered as a conflict harming the persons, the responsibility, drawing its sources from the notion of social link and bearing a prospective form, as well as the sentence, fulfilling a double restorative function : of the protagonists and of the social link. Therefore, the restorative mode! is not bound to be substituted to the traditional criminal system, but to act in a complementary manner with the latter. The protagonists are reappropriating the act of justice and its temporality by taking an active part in the resolution of the criminal conflict, in a humanistic approach aiming to pacifv social relations
Venouil, Alexia. "Une politique des murs : décision de construction de prisons et politiques pénales au Canada et en France (1980-2005)". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH046.
What is it that drives a country, at some point in history, to make a choice to increase its custodial capacity and to realise a ‘policy of walls'? To answer this question, this thesis develops a comparison between two countries which, in this respect, have followed very different paths: Canada and France. Although it is often claimed in social science literature that the decision to build prisons was a response to specific political circumstances, very few studies have documented empirically the interplay between the policy-makers responsible and the institutional framework within which such choices were determined. This thesis aims to begin to eliminate this lacuna. Drawing on the sociology of decision-making, we have conducted analyses of the structures underlying prison reforms and scrutinized the actions of those members of the political class involved in the process, including the variety of policy advisers involved in the formulation of penal policy. Particular attention has been drawn on the circulation of ideas in decision-making milieux. Drawing on a combination of penal statistics, institutional archives, ‘Grey Literature' in penal policy from 1980 to 2005, as well as semi-structured interviews conducted with public officials from both countries (and at both levels of government in the case of Canada), the thesis highlights the views those involved in the implementation of reforms to the criminal justice system referred to when establishing specific penal policies' programmatic content. The type of problems defined by public officials, the role played by public safety issues in the political culture of both countries and openness to delegating solutions to reform-minded civil servants mostly account for changes in prison capacity. Finally, it is contended that it was the composition of the decision-making milieux taken together with the propensity of elites to absorb participants from differentiated sub-sectors (interests groups, consultants, academics, etc.) that are sufficiently institutionalized to influence the decision-making process), that explains the differences in prison building policies between the two countries
Petit, Frère Renel. "La répression pénale de la criminalité organisée : étude comparée des droits français et haïtien". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30055.
Organized crime is a major concern for the French and Haitian public forces and the related crime repression methods are at the core of the French and Haitian Criminal Law. In that sense, both legislators had to adapt their criminal legislation in order to provide the judicial system with new instruments of crime control to help detect and punish organized crime offenses. The latter are fought down via a double punishment approach that is proactive and reactive. We notice that the criminal law of organized crime, whether substantive or formal, slides from the reactive towards the proactive. It is a repressive logic that favours efficient repressive methods over the respect of fundamental principals. And therefore, the right of a fair trial is ill-used. In both Rights, the people involved in organized offences are severally sanctioned and the criminal assets are forfeited in order to apply preventive and repressive measures. This repression takes place within a cooperative efficient framework between the police and the judicial body and causes the emergence of new instruments of cooperation and the sharing and regionalization of the norms of criminal sanctions against organized crime. This comparative study shows that Haiti can benefit from the French judiciary expertise founded on the specialisation of the judiciary actors who participate in the criminal proceedings
Rahmani, Tabar Mohsen. "La protection pénale des libertés et droits fondamentaux de la femme. : Étude comparée Iran-France". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10050.
We observe significant differences in the criminal protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of women between Iran and France. These dissimilarities are derived from fundamental differences in the definition of concepts of human rights based on the perception of the world in Islam and secularism. These differences affect the legal implementation of the human rights of women in the national and international level. France has affirmed its commitment to the DDHC by its adoption in the French constitutional bloc. It has acceded to most international and regional instruments on human rights, prevention of violence against women and discrimination against women. It is committed to implement the ratified international treaties and to internalize through the mechanism provided by the Constitutional Code. Iran claimed the Constitutional Code; all laws must be consistent with Islamic requirements. We studied the incompatibility of Islam with certain rights enshrined in the UDHR and other international instruments including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. The French Criminal Law in relation to Iranian penal protection of women clearly identifies the criminal policy in the struggle against violence against women and discrimination through criminalization and punitive responses in this regard
Marchant, Alexandre. "L'impossible prohibition : la lutte contre la drogue en France (1966-1996)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0049.
Between the mid-1960s characterized by the sudden upsurge of new patterns of drug addiction within the Youth (1966: first media frenzy about LSD) resulting in the new prohibitionist Act of 1970, et the mid-1990s pointing out the generalization of harm reduction strategies (1996: institutionalization of opiates substitution treatments), the dissertation highlights the making the social, health and political problem of drug abuse, through the public policies, often influenced by the international frame of the “war on drugs”. The thesis focuses on the evolutions of uses, trafficking and public policies. It addresses the issue of prohibition: how is socially and publicly constructed the scandal that legitimizes THE prohibition ? Who are the stakeholders who defined it “from the top” (politicians, parliamentary committees, medical experts) and those who enforce the law “on the bottom” (police officers, judges, physicians)? What are the social consequences of this enforcement (increased criminalization of drug smuggling, stigmatization of drug users) ? How the system is contradicting itself between its repressive and care aspects ? This research is based on various archival materials: ministerial archives (Interior, Justice, Heath, Youth and Sports, National Education, Prime Minister’s administration, Inter-ministerial mission for the fight against drug and drug abuse – MILDT), parliamentary archives, private archives, contemporary printed sources, medias, INA archives…
Thérage, Marc. "Le cercle des affaires entre suspect et bienfaiteur : l’invention du droit criminel des affaires dans l’ombre de la police économique en Flandre wallonne et en Hainaut (XVe – XVIIIe siècle)". Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20015.
In ancient law, buisiness criminal law constitutes a peculiar step in the history of what has now become « buisiness penal law ». Although, in those days, the various types of fraud committed by buisiness professionnels don't all relate to criminal law. In the shadow of various economic police texts, emerges a subject whose rules are so particular that they have to be isolated from common law. For example, Flandres wallonne and Hainaut provinces (where the industrial and commercial wealthy bourgeoisie establish the power of the urban republics) provide a important and representative body of case law. The study of this jurisprudence reveals that the turpitudes of the buisiness circles of these provinces sometime relate to criminal law. Consequently, between 1424 and 1789, 669 judgments areissued in criminal law. The abundance of this branch of law and the silence of the criminal law specialits on it lead to the necessity of creating a posteriori several law categories in order to appreciate the great variety of incriminations. Yesterday and today, buisiness criminal law contains general (theft and forgery) and special (commercial criminal law, consumer criminal law and tax criminal law) topics. As a consequence of this firstobservation many questions appear. How to distinguish between buisiness criminal law and economic police ? Which are the different offences committed against the buisiness world ? Which are their specificities that lead to treat them distinctly from the other offences
Chamot, Cyrielle. "Le bourreau : entre symbolisme judiciaire et utilité publique (XIIIe-XVIIIe siècles)". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020010.
At the end of the Middle Ages, the place occupied by the hangman inside the judicial organization and, by extension, inside society, remains quite obscure. It is only at the turn of the XIVth century that a draft of the Contract Killer's professionnal status progressively emerged despite the terseness of numerous juridical sources. Because of his connexion with judicial death, this agent was not confined to the role of simple executor of the penalties but was a true symbol thereof. Yet he was left on the fringes of the social sphere. This exclusion turned him into a polyvalent hand, one able to realize various police tasks. The hangman thus sanitized the city both metaphorically − by punishing criminals − as much as materially − by framing some parias and supressing urban wastes. He appears as a judicial and administrative figure, original by its operating and attributions as well as through the various remunerations this entailed. The end of the Old Regime consecrated him as the incarnation of the criminal system, based on corporal punishments which were destined to disappear
Farcy-Callon, Léo. "En dedans et au-dehors : enquête en établissement fermé pour mineurs". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20020.
Based on an ethnographic survey in Custodial Institutions for Juveniles, this thesis aims to analyze a form of treatment of illegalisms through the scope of institutional experiences. Among other perspectives, the research focuses on the relationship between socio educational actors and juveniles, as a common experience in the context of professional practices and constrained environments. This work is based on a three years’ research achieved in a Custodial Education Facility (CEF) and in a Young Offender Institution (EPM). A review of official documents, observations and individual interviews are the main empirical sources. The sociological analysis reveals the tensions between the inside and outside, both in physical and symbolic sense, which influence the experience of actors. The institutions play a coercive role as much as they pursue an educational and pedagogical objective. This last principle is applied in order to ease coercion and to involve minors in their detention and their judicial process. To that end, the preservation of outward connections, the individualization of social care and the autonomy and empowerment of minors are at the center of interventions. However, results of the survey show how this process is scarcely reducing coercion. It may even create a form of control that also operates extramurally over minds, biographies, and juveniles’ environment
Tuttle, Liêm. "La justice pénale devant la Cour de Parlement, de Saint Louis à Charles IV (vers 1230-1328)". Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020052.
As early as the reign of St. Louis, criminal justice represents a major part of the work of the Court of the King. Indeed, from the middle of the thirteenth century, while a true “State of law” is being developed, especially through its daily activities, the number of criminal cases risen before it increases steadily. Their settlement becomes soon an area where a specific judicial policy is adopted, of which it is necessary to determine the objectives, the means and the outcome. The judicial decisions taken by what is becoming the “Parliament”, tend to fall in line with the ideas of that time about the duties of the monarchy concerning the punishment of offenses and the maintaining of peace, while revealing that the judges are confronted on a regular basis to the difficulties posed by the composite character of the judiciary, and the entanglement of customs, privileges and personal laws. Applying justice consistently with the ideals of the monarchy makes it a necessity and a prerequisit to set a judicial and legal framework, respectful for acquired rights, but also binding for criminal judges of the kingdom. The sovereign court forces them to respect a number of principles, partly inherited from those it itself defines, in its own developing procedure, as the fundamentals of the criminal trial. The way to solve the disorder caused by the criminal act becomes essential: after defining the elements necessary for the attribution of a punishable offense, the court applies and enforces penalties that are always meticulously “arbitrated” accordingly to the damage and to the guilt. Thus, the prosecution of crimes, the settlement between judges in criminal matters, or between the judges and private persons are all privileged areas for the defense of “public good”: through those, the court makes sure that “crimes do not go unpunished”, even if room is always left for mercy, and will be dealt with through law, that is through a royal criminal law in accordance with “what justice recommends”
Morgan, Daniel. "Du crime de guerre au fait divers ˸ la justice pénale, un enjeu politique dans le cinéma français, 1945-1958". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA124.
Although French cinema from the period following World War Two is known for being largely apolitical, its images of criminal justice allow for a glimpse of the difficult questions that the postwar society was forced to ask itself about its return to the rule of law. As a point of conflict between the individual and the state—in a state attempting to reestablish its legitimacy—criminal justice was a delicate subject for filmmakers to address, especially since the cinematic medium, still seen as a means of propaganda and associated with totalitarian regimes, was strictly monitored and censored by public authorities. Using a corpus of 40 feature-length fiction films, this study attempts to analyze the representations of law enforcement, courts, prisons, crime, and punishment in the most important mass media of the era, before the transformation of the film industry by the New Wave and the spread of television to a substantial audience. A range of primary sources, from film reviews in the press to public censorship archives and newsreels dealing with similar themes, help to place the feature films’ images of criminal justice in their historical context. Often depoliticized, sometimes propagandistic, occasionally subversive, the films reveal the possibilities and the limits of expression on an intrinsically political topic, in the film industry and more broadly in 1940s and 1950s French society. They expose the morals, ideals, taboos, hopes and fears of a nation that had recently reestablished democracy but faced difficult questions about the violence of its own methods of maintaining order