Tesis: "Police corruption"

1

Schmid, Carola. "Korruption, Gewalt und die Welt der Polizisten Deutschland, Chile, Bolivien und Venezuela im Vergleich /". Frankfurt am Main : Vervuert, 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/123126185.html.

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Chan, Tak-shing Gilbert y 陳德成. "Colonization: the root of police corruption in Hong Kong?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975252.

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3

Uber, Stephanie M. "Police Corruption and Misconduct from a Police Officer Perspective:from Identification to Discipline and Prevention". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1364823916.

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Forkum, Lycarp Ngufor. "Police corruption in Cameroon and Uganda : a comparative analysis". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/5749.

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Critically examines the extent of corruption in the police in Cameroon and Uganda as well as the impact of police corruption and what best practices on anti-corruption measures in the police can be identified in Cameroon and Uganda. Also looks at the correlation between corruption, policing and human rights. This study relies significantly on secondary data gathered from the library such as books, articles, case law, international and domestic instruments and internet sources. The writer's experiences from both countries will also be included. Interviews and focus group discussions give more authenticity to the topic.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof. J Oloka-Onyango of the Faculty of Law, Makerere University – Kampala, Uganda.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM

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5

Yiu, Yee-ling. "Corruption in the public sector in Hong Kong and the Philippines". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13641360.

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6

Dobbs-Kramer, Andrew. "A Legacy of Corruption and Politicization: Mexico’s Police Problem". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1140.

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Abstract: When former President Calderón declared war on the cartels in 2006, Mexico was plunged into insecurity, and the government has been trying to reassert control of the security situation ever since. While the situation has improved, the fight will not be over until the police are in control of the streets. Historical and structural problems have plagued the police, forcing the military to play a central role in internal security operations. While a number of positive reforms have been implemented in recent years, there is still much work to do. This paper will examine some of these past reforms and their effects. Current tactics as well as potential reforms and strategies for the future will also be discussed, with a focus on the police reassuming the central role in internal security.

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7

Meeusen, A. "Esprit de corps : corruption in a transforming police service". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12560.

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Summary in English.
According to President Thabo Mbeki, the fight against corruption is one of the principal tasks of his new government. Corruption is a central concern for a country that is in a difficult political transition and is facing strong economic demands. South Africa needs an effective government. The focus of this paper is one of the areas where corruption is thriving, the South African Police Service (SAPS). I have chosen for a study within the department of Safety and Security because this is the headquarters of the fight against corruption and the place where the rule of law should be rooted most deeply. If the justice-system is corrupt, the whole state will be polluted. According to the Parliamentary researcher for the Safety and Security Committee 'the current level of corruption within the overall criminal justice system is the factor most negatively influencing efforts to substantially improve safety and security in South Africa', undermining both public confidence and crime prevention strategies (Briefing Committee 1999:1). This is one motivation for writing a thesis on this topic: corruption is a central concern for those involved in South African politics. The theme of corruption is also at the heart of political organization. People organize themselves for certain goals. Whatever these goals are, corruption interferes with their effective pursuance. Studying corruption means studying the nature of government and the tension between the way it should use its power and the way it does. It is about the limits of human organization, the tension between the public and the private, and the slippery way people practice their ethics. This is another motivation for writing on this topic: corruption is a central concern for those involved in political science. In South Africa, there are widespread beliefs in the existence of corruption. In a survey published by Idasa in 1996, 46 percent of the respondents felt that most officials were engaged in corruption and only 6 percent believed there was a clean government (Lodge 1998:157). The police certainly does not have a dean reputation. In a newspaper poll over half of the respondents called the police 'corrupt and having no integrity' (Sowetan 28/3/96, quoted in Syed and Bruce 1997:2). Moreover, an opinion survey at the end of 1998 showed that 60 percent of the respondents thought the government was controlling corruption 'not very well' or 'not at all well' (Mail & Guardian 8/10/99:30). In this thesis, I want to put these figures into perspective. The purpose of the thesis is two-folded. Firstly, to provide for an analysis of the historical, political, social and organizational roots of corruption within the SAPS. Secondly, to confront this analysis - and the policy directions it suggests - with the practice of fighting corruption in South Africa.

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8

Chan, Tak-shing Gilbert. "Colonization : the root of police corruption in Hong Kong? /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12840646.

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9

Ede, Andrew y andrew ede@premiers qld gov au. "The Prevention of Police Corruption and Misconduct: A Criminological Analysis of Complaints Against Police". Griffith University. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2000. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030102.114721.

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The reform measures recommended by the Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (referred to as the "Fitzgerald Inquiry") radically transformed the face of policing in Queensland. The most significant of these recommendations was the establishment of an external oversight body, the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC), which has independence from executive government and holds the power to investigate not only police but any public servant or politician. Other recommendations included "Whistleblower" legislation, increasing sanctions for serious misconduct, lateral recruitment and promotion by merit rather than seniority. The first main research question tested in this thesis is whether these reform measures have produced improvements in the following areas: the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes for dealing with complaints against police; public confidence in those processes and the public standing of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) generally; standards of police behaviour; the incidence of corrupt conduct; and police attitudes towards reporting misconduct by their fellow officers. These Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms were strategies primarily derived from two schools of thought describing the nature and cause of police corruption: deterrence based theory (including "individual" or "rotten apple" theory) and cultural (also labeled "cultural" or "socialisation") based theory. To date most strategies used to combat police corruption have been underpinned by these theories. A third theory - situational based theory (sometimes titled "environmental" or "opportunity" theory) - which has had success in crime prevention, has been scarcely used in the area of police corruption. However, an extensive body of research has affirmed the effects of situational factors on police behaviour, suggesting the potential for the application of situational crime prevention initiatives in combatting police corruption. The second research question proposed in this thesis is whether situational based theory could also be beneficial in the prevention of police corruption. Data drawn upon to test the first research question were interviews and surveys with police officers, public attitude surveys and statistics from the processing of complaints against police. Although each source has limitations, collectively the data are sufficiently comprehensive - and robust - to defend conclusions about the general direction of the changes which have occurred. These data indicate that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have, at least to some degree, had their intended impact on the QPS. These reforms have contributed to an apparent improvement in public confidence in the complaints system and the QPS generally. Moreover, the available evidence suggests that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have resulted in a weakening of the police code of silence. As far as the specific issue of corruption in the QPS is concerned, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing data sources. However, the weight of the available evidence is that such conduct is less pervasive and occurs at lower levels than was the case in the pre-Fitzgerald Inquiry QPS. It is very difficult to ascertain which reform components were the most effective and which were not helpful at all, as these reform measures were initiated simultaneously. For example, the negative elements of the police culture may have been eliminated or reduced but whether it was the cultural strategies or one of the deterrence based strategies influencing officer behaviour remains unknown. The second main research question the thesis poses is that the use of situational crime prevention techniques has potential for contributing to the prevention of police corruption. A situational analysis of complaints against police data, including the development of a typology for classifying types of police corruption and misconduct, was used as an example of how this may be accomplished in Queensland. The study provides some, albeit limited, support for the hypothesis that situational crime prevention methods are applicable to police corruption. Based upon three years of complaints data, enough homogenous cases were gathered to enable the analysis of four categories of police corruption - Opportunistic Thefts, Driving under the Influence, Assault (while off-duty), and Theft from Employer. Given that this study only used three years of complaints data held by the CJC and more than nine years of data exist, productive situational analyses of many other categories of corruption is probable. This study also illustrated that complaints against police data are being under utilised by the QPS and the CJC. For future research in the situational analysis of complaints data, I recommend improving the gathering of data from complaints files for storage in electronic form to enable situational prevention analysis to be conducted more readily. A geographical example was used to illustrate further how complaints against police data could be more extensively utilised as a prevention tool. This analysis was conducted at an organisation unit level determined primarily by geographical factors. The complaint patterns of units of similar "task environments", as measured by unit size and type of duties performed, were compared in an attempt to identify those units experiencing the presence or absence of "bad apples" or a "negative culture". This study led to the conclusion that a divisional analysis of complaints data can provide information valuable in combatting police corruption. When task environment was held constant, it was possible to identify units experiencing the effects of possible "bad apples" and/or "negative cultures". Once these particular units were identified, intervention strategies to address the units' particular problem could be constructed. Future research in this area would involve ongoing divisional data analysis followed-up by individual assessment of officers identified as "bad apples", or a "compare-and-contrast" procedure to distinguish features requiring correction in units identified as having a "negative culture". The research findings presented in this thesis are that progress has occurred in a number of areas in addressing the problems identified by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, but that there is undoubtedly scope for more to be achieved. Despite the very significant increase in the resources and powers available to investigators post-Fitzgerald, it is still difficult to prove that a police officer engaged in misconduct, or that other officers were aware of this fact and had failed to take action, because of the constraints imposed by evidentiary and legal requirements. Thus, while it is vital to maintain an effective and credible independent complaints investigation system and ensure that there is a proper internal discipline process in place, the scope for increasing the "deterrent power" of the present system is limited. Putting more resources into complaints investigations might make a difference at the margins, but is unlikely to lead to a significant increase in the probability of a complaint being substantiated and a sanction imposed. Investing more resources in investigations has an additional cost in that such resources are then lost to other efforts to combat corruption that may provide more fruitful results in the long term. The value of an occasional substantiation is placed above the ability to engage in a large amount of prevention work. Inevitably then, three clear messages are apparent. First, continued effort must be made to modify the organisational climate of the QPS in terms of commitment to integrity. Recommended strategies to accomplish this end are to continue the recruitment of more educated, female and older officers to reduce police-citizen conflict and the negative elements of the police culture, and also to develop a comprehensive, integrated approach to ethics education for QPS officers at all ranks and positions. Second, other forms of deterrence against misconduct are needed such as the use of covert strategies like integrity testing which could be conducted in conjunction with the CJC. Third, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing and implementing preventive strategies. This thesis has shown that valuable prevention strategies can be gained from situational and divisional analysis of complaints data, and a range of proactive management options based upon situational crime prevention theory are recommended. These strategies have application in any police service.

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10

Ede, Andrew. "The Prevention of Police Corruption and Misconduct: A Criminological Analysis of Complaints Against Police". Thesis, Griffith University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365215.

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The reform measures recommended by the Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (referred to as the "Fitzgerald Inquiry") radically transformed the face of policing in Queensland. The most significant of these recommendations was the establishment of an external oversight body, the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC), which has independence from executive government and holds the power to investigate not only police but any public servant or politician. Other recommendations included "Whistleblower" legislation, increasing sanctions for serious misconduct, lateral recruitment and promotion by merit rather than seniority. The first main research question tested in this thesis is whether these reform measures have produced improvements in the following areas: the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes for dealing with complaints against police; public confidence in those processes and the public standing of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) generally; standards of police behaviour; the incidence of corrupt conduct; and police attitudes towards reporting misconduct by their fellow officers. These Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms were strategies primarily derived from two schools of thought describing the nature and cause of police corruption: deterrence based theory (including "individual" or "rotten apple" theory) and cultural (also labeled "cultural" or "socialisation") based theory. To date most strategies used to combat police corruption have been underpinned by these theories. A third theory - situational based theory (sometimes titled "environmental" or "opportunity" theory) - which has had success in crime prevention, has been scarcely used in the area of police corruption. However, an extensive body of research has affirmed the effects of situational factors on police behaviour, suggesting the potential for the application of situational crime prevention initiatives in combatting police corruption. The second research question proposed in this thesis is whether situational based theory could also be beneficial in the prevention of police corruption. Data drawn upon to test the first research question were interviews and surveys with police officers, public attitude surveys and statistics from the processing of complaints against police. Although each source has limitations, collectively the data are sufficiently comprehensive - and robust - to defend conclusions about the general direction of the changes which have occurred. These data indicate that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have, at least to some degree, had their intended impact on the QPS. These reforms have contributed to an apparent improvement in public confidence in the complaints system and the QPS generally. Moreover, the available evidence suggests that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have resulted in a weakening of the police code of silence. As far as the specific issue of corruption in the QPS is concerned, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing data sources. However, the weight of the available evidence is that such conduct is less pervasive and occurs at lower levels than was the case in the pre-Fitzgerald Inquiry QPS. It is very difficult to ascertain which reform components were the most effective and which were not helpful at all, as these reform measures were initiated simultaneously. For example, the negative elements of the police culture may have been eliminated or reduced but whether it was the cultural strategies or one of the deterrence based strategies influencing officer behaviour remains unknown. The second main research question the thesis poses is that the use of situational crime prevention techniques has potential for contributing to the prevention of police corruption. A situational analysis of complaints against police data, including the development of a typology for classifying types of police corruption and misconduct, was used as an example of how this may be accomplished in Queensland. The study provides some, albeit limited, support for the hypothesis that situational crime prevention methods are applicable to police corruption. Based upon three years of complaints data, enough homogenous cases were gathered to enable the analysis of four categories of police corruption - Opportunistic Thefts, Driving under the Influence, Assault (while off-duty), and Theft from Employer. Given that this study only used three years of complaints data held by the CJC and more than nine years of data exist, productive situational analyses of many other categories of corruption is probable. This study also illustrated that complaints against police data are being under utilised by the QPS and the CJC. For future research in the situational analysis of complaints data, I recommend improving the gathering of data from complaints files for storage in electronic form to enable situational prevention analysis to be conducted more readily. A geographical example was used to illustrate further how complaints against police data could be more extensively utilised as a prevention tool. This analysis was conducted at an organisation unit level determined primarily by geographical factors. The complaint patterns of units of similar "task environments", as measured by unit size and type of duties performed, were compared in an attempt to identify those units experiencing the presence or absence of "bad apples" or a "negative culture". This study led to the conclusion that a divisional analysis of complaints data can provide information valuable in combatting police corruption. When task environment was held constant, it was possible to identify units experiencing the effects of possible "bad apples" and/or "negative cultures". Once these particular units were identified, intervention strategies to address the units' particular problem could be constructed. Future research in this area would involve ongoing divisional data analysis followed-up by individual assessment of officers identified as "bad apples", or a "compare-and-contrast" procedure to distinguish features requiring correction in units identified as having a "negative culture". The research findings presented in this thesis are that progress has occurred in a number of areas in addressing the problems identified by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, but that there is undoubtedly scope for more to be achieved. Despite the very significant increase in the resources and powers available to investigators post-Fitzgerald, it is still difficult to prove that a police officer engaged in misconduct, or that other officers were aware of this fact and had failed to take action, because of the constraints imposed by evidentiary and legal requirements. Thus, while it is vital to maintain an effective and credible independent complaints investigation system and ensure that there is a proper internal discipline process in place, the scope for increasing the "deterrent power" of the present system is limited. Putting more resources into complaints investigations might make a difference at the margins, but is unlikely to lead to a significant increase in the probability of a complaint being substantiated and a sanction imposed. Investing more resources in investigations has an additional cost in that such resources are then lost to other efforts to combat corruption that may provide more fruitful results in the long term. The value of an occasional substantiation is placed above the ability to engage in a large amount of prevention work. Inevitably then, three clear messages are apparent. First, continued effort must be made to modify the organisational climate of the QPS in terms of commitment to integrity. Recommended strategies to accomplish this end are to continue the recruitment of more educated, female and older officers to reduce police-citizen conflict and the negative elements of the police culture, and also to develop a comprehensive, integrated approach to ethics education for QPS officers at all ranks and positions. Second, other forms of deterrence against misconduct are needed such as the use of covert strategies like integrity testing which could be conducted in conjunction with the CJC. Third, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing and implementing preventive strategies. This thesis has shown that valuable prevention strategies can be gained from situational and divisional analysis of complaints data, and a range of proactive management options based upon situational crime prevention theory are recommended. These strategies have application in any police service.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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11

Alfred, Zachary. "Tweeting against corruption: Fighting police bribery through online collective action". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-232226.

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Efforts to utilise Twitter to improve communication in Kenya between officials at the Kenya Police and Ministry of Interior, and Kenyan citizens, are researched specifically addressing efforts to use Twitter to report and combat police corruption. The goal is to assess efforts to use the social networking platform to improve communication channels between officials and citizens, through a mixed methods approach incorporating a content analysis of thousands of tweets sent by four separate government Twitter accounts, as well as interviews with Kenyans who have interacted with the accounts on Twitter. In addition, I assess the potential value of Twitter as a corruption-reporting platform. The research builds on existing ICT4D research, Castells’ communication power theory, as well as collective-action approaches to fighting corruption. The results of the research reveal potential problems of incident-focused social media-based corruption reporting in developing collective-action networks focused on fighting police bribery and broader government corruption. The tendency of social-media interactions to be dominated by relatively meaningless discussions limits Twitter’s value as a useful channel for two-way communication between citizens and officials. Social media-based anti-corruption efforts dedicated to building collective-action networks focused on long-term solutions, rather than highlighting individual incidents, may be more effective in fighting corruption.

I submitted this thesis on August 20; however, there was apparently a technical error with the previous submission, which I was informed of today.

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12

Karp, Jann Ellen. "Corruption and Crisis Control: The Nature of the Game – New South Wales Police Reform 1996–2004". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2185.

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Using the Wood Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service in 1994 as its major case study, this thesis hypothesises that, although this inquiry had a far reaching impact on both the personal and working lives of police officers in the organisation itself, it proved ineffectual in its attempt to control corruption. It argues that corruption, and the subsequent inquiries into this corruption, can be seen to have a cyclic nature and the failure of such inquiries has a long and international history. It contends that the nature of the public inquiry itself can be seen to contribute to the continuation of the cycle of corruption. Clearly, putting an end to corruption requires more than the investigation, public exposure and punishment of a few corrupt police, followed by a generalised tightening of the chain of command. Instead, this thesis demonstrates that the problem is primarily an organisational one and it is important to look at management reforms. This thesis contends that the cycle of corruption involves the nature of police work; the catalyst that triggers the inquiry; the inquiry itself and the issue of the report; and the police and community responses. An examination of all these factors is crucial to understanding the cycle’s dynamics. The final report of the Wood Royal Commission was in 1996 and this thesis specifically analyses the cycle of corruption in relation to the response of the police executive to this inquiry. It shows how the police response focused on the tactical crisis response central to operational policing — in this case appeasing official censure and community fears. As little more than a public relations exercise, senior management strategically addressed the specific recommendations of the report rather than creatively considering the implications exposed during the inquiry. The idea that corruption is a symptom of an ineffective system and not simply a slackening of effective control by senior management was never considered. In the aftermath of the Wood Royal Commission there was much discussion about ‘police culture’ being ‘a culture of corruption’. The forgotten casualties of the inquiry has been individual police officers, many of whom see policing as a vocation. This thesis has allowed many voices to be heard and used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse a wide range of information and data, which included personal interviews with serving police officers and members of external organisations, as well as printed material from Royal Commission Reports, Hansard and other government documents, internal Police Service documents and media reports.It has used Bourdieu’s theoretical approach which allows an analysis of the complex relationships involved between police officers as individuals who operate within the wider networks of a specific organisation and the way the personal is important as an explanatory tool of what happens within a policing culture and how this culture is perceived differently from within and without. Bourdieu’s theory also facilitates analysis of the interactions of this network with the wider community, putting in context the responses of both the police service and the community. The connection with the personal is important as an explanatory tool of what happens within a policing culture and how this culture is perceived differently from within and without. Bourdieu constructs an understanding of the ‘nature of the game’ of policing and the shaping of the individual within police culture, giving insight into the source of moral dilemmas, personal beliefs and personal behaviour. As the current management system of command and control is at the heart of this response, this thesis has also analysed the assumptions inherent in this management philosophy, considering both necessary operational strengths as well as organisational weaknesses. A central theme of the thesis is that open dialogue will reduce the incidence of corruption and risk within policing institutions. This thesis argues that there must be an integrative approach to reform — accountable, active leadership combined with critically constructed practical approaches that tackle the complexity of the dynamics embedded in the ‘nature of the game’ of policing itself.

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13

Karp, Jann Ellen. "Corruption and Crisis Control: The Nature of the Game – New South Wales Police Reform 1996–2004". University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2185.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Using the Wood Royal Commission into the New South Wales Police Service in 1994 as its major case study, this thesis hypothesises that, although this inquiry had a far reaching impact on both the personal and working lives of police officers in the organisation itself, it proved ineffectual in its attempt to control corruption. It argues that corruption, and the subsequent inquiries into this corruption, can be seen to have a cyclic nature and the failure of such inquiries has a long and international history. It contends that the nature of the public inquiry itself can be seen to contribute to the continuation of the cycle of corruption. Clearly, putting an end to corruption requires more than the investigation, public exposure and punishment of a few corrupt police, followed by a generalised tightening of the chain of command. Instead, this thesis demonstrates that the problem is primarily an organisational one and it is important to look at management reforms. This thesis contends that the cycle of corruption involves the nature of police work; the catalyst that triggers the inquiry; the inquiry itself and the issue of the report; and the police and community responses. An examination of all these factors is crucial to understanding the cycle’s dynamics. The final report of the Wood Royal Commission was in 1996 and this thesis specifically analyses the cycle of corruption in relation to the response of the police executive to this inquiry. It shows how the police response focused on the tactical crisis response central to operational policing — in this case appeasing official censure and community fears. As little more than a public relations exercise, senior management strategically addressed the specific recommendations of the report rather than creatively considering the implications exposed during the inquiry. The idea that corruption is a symptom of an ineffective system and not simply a slackening of effective control by senior management was never considered. In the aftermath of the Wood Royal Commission there was much discussion about ‘police culture’ being ‘a culture of corruption’. The forgotten casualties of the inquiry has been individual police officers, many of whom see policing as a vocation. This thesis has allowed many voices to be heard and used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse a wide range of information and data, which included personal interviews with serving police officers and members of external organisations, as well as printed material from Royal Commission Reports, Hansard and other government documents, internal Police Service documents and media reports.It has used Bourdieu’s theoretical approach which allows an analysis of the complex relationships involved between police officers as individuals who operate within the wider networks of a specific organisation and the way the personal is important as an explanatory tool of what happens within a policing culture and how this culture is perceived differently from within and without. Bourdieu’s theory also facilitates analysis of the interactions of this network with the wider community, putting in context the responses of both the police service and the community. The connection with the personal is important as an explanatory tool of what happens within a policing culture and how this culture is perceived differently from within and without. Bourdieu constructs an understanding of the ‘nature of the game’ of policing and the shaping of the individual within police culture, giving insight into the source of moral dilemmas, personal beliefs and personal behaviour. As the current management system of command and control is at the heart of this response, this thesis has also analysed the assumptions inherent in this management philosophy, considering both necessary operational strengths as well as organisational weaknesses. A central theme of the thesis is that open dialogue will reduce the incidence of corruption and risk within policing institutions. This thesis argues that there must be an integrative approach to reform — accountable, active leadership combined with critically constructed practical approaches that tackle the complexity of the dynamics embedded in the ‘nature of the game’ of policing itself.

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14

Bretag, Hilary. "Corruption in Evidence: Policing Starting- Price Betting in 1930s NSW". Thesis, Department of History, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10259.

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This thesis analyses two Royal Commissions into the policing of SP bookmaking that the NSW government issued in 1936 and 1937. These Commissions provide a window into the social history of betting and policing, as well as the relationship between two groups whose activities placed them so directly in each other’s paths. The Royal Commissions also reflect the politics of betting and policing contemporaneous to them. The inquiries are symptomatic of deeper-rooted public concerns about off-course betting, and represent a poorly articulated, but publically supported disapproval of police tactics. I find that these Commissions are suggestive of lower-level police complicity in off-course betting and that senior police were at least tacitly complicit in their activities. Moreover, I explore why it was that in face of such overwhelming evidence the Inquiry’s Commissioner was reluctant to find conclusively that the evidence demonstrated police corruption.

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15

V, De la Torre Luis. "Drug trafficking and police corruption a comparison of Colombia and Mexico /". Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483659.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Western Hemisphere))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Giraldo, Jeanne ; Berger, Mark T. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-121). Also available in print.

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16

Aldous, Christopher. "The police in occupation Japan : control, corruption and resistance to reform /". London [u.a.] : Routledge, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/279616554.pdf.

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17

Briant, Nathan. "Police corruption and computer misuse: an analysis of the contributing factors". Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595662.

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Recent high profile media coverage of a number of police corruption cases has understandably caused an increase in public concern at the possibility of widespread malpractice within forces. These concerns have been further heightened by the instigation of a number of public and judicial reviews of police relationships with the media, as well as the resignation of the Metropolitan Police Commissioner and other senior figures. The causes and motivations of police corruption have been the subject of a small number of academic studies, generally focussing on types and typologies of the act itself and offenders. In this contribution the author has examined a number of factors which impact on the likelihood of police officers undertaking deviant practice in the small but focussed area of computer misuse. In conducting the research four sample groups were identified; two from the organisational side of policing; National leads in the corruption arena and local heads of Counter Corruption Units, and two from the employee side; The Police Federation and officers who themselves had misused police computer systems. The author conducted a total of thirty one interviews split between these four groups, examining factors such as 'knowledge of wrongdoing', 'perception and fear of being caught', 'awareness of sanctions', 'ease' and 'stigma'.

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18

Zschoche, Ruth. "A Multilevel Model of Police Corruption: Anomie, Decoupling, and Moral Disengagement". Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3422.

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Police corruption is a primary concern for law enforcement agencies. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that could predict the likelihood of police officer susceptibility to corruption. Data was collected through surveys of 1083 officers within eight U.S. police agencies that were participating in the National Police Research Platform funded by the National Institute of Justice. The data were analyzed using multilevel structural equation and base multilevel models. The theoretical model for this study addressed susceptibility to corruption on both the departmental (clusters) and individual officer levels. Four main constructs were utilized in this study. Acceptance of deviant norms was the outcome variable operationalizing susceptibility to corruption. Anomie was a departmental predictor operationalizing expectations that socially accepted goals could not be accomplished through socially acceptable means. Decoupling was a departmental predictor measuring the extent to which departmental pragmatic goals were out of alignment with official ethical codes. Moral disengagement was the individual predictor operationalizing the ability to use cognitive mechanisms to excuse unethical decision-making. Departments higher in anomie and decoupling were hypothesized to have higher acceptance of deviant norms that condone corruption. Officers with higher levels of moral disengagement were also expected to have a greater acceptance of deviant norms. The departmental environment was expected to have more influence than individual officer traits such that anomie and decoupling would moderate the effects of moral disengagement within departments. The results demonstrated the promise of the multilevel theoretical model. Anomie was a strong predictor of acceptance of deviant norms. Moral disengagement was also a moderately strong predictor of acceptance of deviant norms in the base multilevel models. Anomie moderated the effect of moral disengagement to some degree, although it had no impact on the slope between acceptance of deviant norms and moral disengagement. Differences between departmental subgroups indicated how officer assignments and demographic characteristics may impact susceptibility to corruption. Study limitations related primarily to the multilevel structural equation model, scale construction, and sampling. Limitations are addressed as regards their general relevance to theory and methodology. Implications of the results for policy and future research are discussed.

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19

De, la Torre Luis V. "Drug trafficking and police corruption a comparison of Colombia and Mexico". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4074.

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Police officers working in countries plagued by drug trafficking are often offered a choice between "plata o plomo" ("silver or lead"). Given this option, it is not surprising that levels of police corruption are high in these nation-states. Significantly, however, levels of police corruption do differ radically between those countries where the levels of drug production and trafficking are similar. This thesis examines the case of Mexico, where corruption has been historically high and has increased in recent times; and the case of Colombia, where levels of police corruption have been relatively low and might even be said to be on the decline. Specialists in police reform and anticorruption typically look at administrative factors such as ethics, salary levels, the purging of corrupt officials, and the recruiting and training of "clean" officers as essential elements in the prevention of police corruption. While these factors explain some of the differences in levels of corruption, this thesis fills an important gap in the existing literature by moving beyond these conventional explanations. In particular, it introduces a country-specific approach to drug-related police corruption, including factors such as the organizational structure of the police force (centralized or decentralized), the legacy of the "political criminal nexus" in the country concerned, and both the size and "ideology" of the drug trafficking organizations involved.

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20

Karp, Jann. "Corruption and crisis control the nature of the game - New South Wales Police reform 1996-2204 /". Connect to full text, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2185.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007.
Title from title screen (viewed 26 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Sociology and Social Policy, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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21

Cortrite, Michael David. "Servant leadership for law enforcement". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1467893891&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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22

Gordon, Raymond Daniel. "The constitution of power in the New South Wales Police Service /". Electronic version, 2003. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20040825.173438/index.html.

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23

Merrington, Shannon E. "Dark networks : criminal collaboration in Australian police forces". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/103632/1/Shannon%20Elizabeth_Merrington_Thesis.pdf.

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The study aimed to investigate why police officers engage in corruption, the role of trust in facilitating and bonding officers together to allow them to participate in large-scale or serious corruption, and the network structures that result from these relationships. The findings revealed that officers collaborated and operated under a network structure reinforced by a subculture of unwritten rules, codes and acceptance by senior officers. This network was found to be dynamic, shifting in structure, membership and activity, but remained highly clustered and cohesive around a few core actors in the network. Additionally, the corruption network operated on relationships based on collaborations of trust. Officers used trustworthiness attributes, personal experience and third party information to assess whether a fellow officer was trustworthy enough to be a member of the corruption network, which resulted in a ‘pipeline’ of trust.

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24

Wanichwiwatana, Amorn. "The 1998 Thai police reform : a study of the persistence of institutional corruption". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424709.

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25

Al-Muhairi, Humaid Mohamed Saed. "Police corruption and strategies for its prevention in the emirate of Abu Dhabi". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16689/1/Humaid_Mohamed_Saed_Al-Muhairi_Thesis.pdf.

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Police Corruption is a complex widespread phenomenon in many developed and developing countries though the intensity varies from country to country. The current study is one of several studies supported by the UAE government will explore the different ways of police corruption and examine the potential ways of external mechanisms to control and minimize police corruption in the state of Abu Dhabi, which is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates. The methodology used for this research was by means of collecting data through a survey method distributed in the form of a questionnaire among a large population of police personnel and the public. The collected data was then analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. This research proved that unacceptable police behaviour existed (64.4%), with traffic, investigation and the immigration departments being the highest. Favouritism and nepotism have been identified as the most types of unacceptable behaviour which exists within the Abu Dhabi police force. Police officers (70%) agree to use violence and excessive force against suspects and (54%) believed that the public were worried about repercussions if any complaint was made about corrupt officers. It was established that unacceptable police behaviour exists in Abu Dhabi police force and traffic, investigation and the immigration departments have been identified with the highest levels of unacceptable police behaviour. Police corruption is more often a local police culture involving favouritism and nepotism that protects and even encourages unacceptable police behaviour. Finally, the research suggests the important role of media, public awareness, and training as remedies that should be adopted for instituting long term reforms. A combination of approaches, as well as federal supervision, is needed.

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26

Al-Muhairi, Humaid Mohamed Saed. "Police corruption and strategies for its prevention in the emirate of Abu Dhabi". Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16689/.

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Police Corruption is a complex widespread phenomenon in many developed and developing countries though the intensity varies from country to country. The current study is one of several studies supported by the UAE government will explore the different ways of police corruption and examine the potential ways of external mechanisms to control and minimize police corruption in the state of Abu Dhabi, which is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates. The methodology used for this research was by means of collecting data through a survey method distributed in the form of a questionnaire among a large population of police personnel and the public. The collected data was then analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. This research proved that unacceptable police behaviour existed (64.4%), with traffic, investigation and the immigration departments being the highest. Favouritism and nepotism have been identified as the most types of unacceptable behaviour which exists within the Abu Dhabi police force. Police officers (70%) agree to use violence and excessive force against suspects and (54%) believed that the public were worried about repercussions if any complaint was made about corrupt officers. It was established that unacceptable police behaviour exists in Abu Dhabi police force and traffic, investigation and the immigration departments have been identified with the highest levels of unacceptable police behaviour. Police corruption is more often a local police culture involving favouritism and nepotism that protects and even encourages unacceptable police behaviour. Finally, the research suggests the important role of media, public awareness, and training as remedies that should be adopted for instituting long term reforms. A combination of approaches, as well as federal supervision, is needed.

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27

Kennedy, Michael Hartley. "Progressing towards conservatism a gramscian challenge to the conceptualisation of class, agency, corruption and reform in 'progressive' analyses of policing /". View thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/27746.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004.
"A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" "November 2004" Bibliography: p. 260-356.

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28

Murchison, Bernie. "Attitudes of selected groups toward media coverage of the Fitzgerald inquiry on police corruption in Queensland". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1989. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36378/1/T%28BS%29%2036_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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This study uses primary research in the form of Q Methodology to identify attitudes toward media coverage of the Fitzgerald Inquiry. Interviews were conducted with representatives of three distinct classes of people; senior journalists, opinion leaders and communication students. Opinion statements were extracted from these interviews and 44 Q statements were developed to measure attitudes of 47 respondents. Unlike many other forms of media research, no fixed definitions were prescribed and respondents subjective viewpoints, or ways of seeing an issue, were simply collated. Three distinct types of people were identified. The largest was Type One and was named "The Fervent Crusader". The majority of the group consisted of journalists. A clear understanding that the media had a role as a public watchdog was present, supported by the view that only a tenacious grip could stop corruption from returning. Respondents held to an admonishment of any suggestion that they personally would hold any interest in voyeuristic or sensational aspects. Opinion leaders formed the majority of Type Two, "The Journophobic". As the name implies, respondents revealed a distaste for most aspects of journalistic practices. While accepting that the media was at least partially responsible for the Fitzgerald Inquiry, most attention is applied to a strong skepticism. It seems likely that this applied to journalistic practices in general, rather than reports on the Fitzgerald Inquiry solely. Type Three, "The Rational Observer", was more homogeneous. Unlike the other types, respondents of this type appeared to be more "objective" in assessing media coverage. They analysed the question of media reporting without the more myopic and sanguine saliency of the others.

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29

Yiu, Yee-ling y 姚綺玲. "Corruption in the public sector in Hong Kong and the Philippines". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950504.

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Davids, Cindy Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Police misconduct, regulation, and accountability : conflict of interest complaints against Victoria Police officers 1988???1998". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20515.

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Conflict of interest allegations became a prominent part of the political and public sector in the 1980s and 1990s in Australia and elsewhere. The arena of policing was not immune, and in Victoria, the Ombudsman drew particular attention to the problem and expressed concern about the rise in public complaints relating to alleged conflicts of interest on the part of police officers. Against this background, permission was granted by Victoria Police for a major study of conflict of interest complaints against police officers within their jurisdiction. Access was granted to all public complaint case files where conflict of interest was the focus of the allegations, from the period 1988???1998. A total of 377 usable complaints files were examined, involving 539 police officers. Through extensive examination and analysis of these complaint case files, a comprehensive map of the particular kinds of interest involved, the nature of the conflicts with official police duties, and the particular contexts within which conflicts of interest emerged, was developed. Analysis of the case files identified 25 different types of problems related to conflict of interest. These were spread across the private and public realms of police officers??? involvements. Previous studies of conflict of interest have focused largely on the opportunities for misconduct arising in the public realm of police work and police duty, largely neglecting attention to the private realm of the relationships and involvements of a police officer that give rise to conflicts of interest. In this study, the specific private interests that gave rise to problems were able to be identified in 35 percent of all cases. Three broad problem areas were identified: (i) outside employment, private business interests, political, social, and sporting interests and involvements; (ii) family-based involvements, especially those involving family law problems; and (iii) problematic personal relationships, including relationships with criminals, informers, and persons of ill repute. These conflicts of interest were related to a range of breaches of official police duty, including the misuse of police authority for personal or family benefit, the use of police position to facilitate personal relationships, and inappropriate disclosure of confidential police information. When the conflict of interest identified related specifically to a police officer???s official or public role as a member of the police force, the main types of misconduct identified included three broad areas: (i) the use and abuse of police powers and authority; (ii) the use and abuse of police resources, including information; and (iii) the receipt of gratuities and breaches of the law. These problems were shown to play out in a range of ways, encompassing such behaviours as misuse of the police identity, inappropriate accessing of police information, involvement in investigations where the police officer concerned has a personal interest in the matter, failing to take appropriate police action against friends, family, or associates, the exercise of improper influence in civil matters, and engagement in harassment and discrimination. This study offers some important conceptual developments in relation to the notion of conflict of interest, focusing on the importance of the distinction between a conflict of interest and an associated breach of duty. The study noted that it is often erroneously assumed by police that if there is no breach of duty evidenced, then there is no problem of conflict of interest. The study also offers an important insight into the oversight and accountability processes involved in Victoria Police, emphasising the importance and effectiveness of the oversight role of the office of the Victorian Ombudsman. Evidence also suggests that the internal review processes within Victoria Police are by-and-large stringent, and that senior police management are genuinely interested in making police officers more accountable for their actions. However, it is concluded that both front-line operational police officer and police management often have a limited understanding of conflict of interest, and problems attendant to conflicts of interest. The study???s insights into the problem of conflict of interest are significant insofar as this problem is related to police misconduct???ranging from minor to serious???of various kinds. Attention to the problem of conflict of interest may be an important element in preventing ???upstream??? police misconduct and corruption.

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31

Addo, K. O. "Implications of the different experiences of corruption on police confidence and legitimacy in Ghana : an exploratory study". Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22997/.

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Based on 6 months of fieldwork and conducting 9 sets of observation in Ghana, this thesis explores the effects of the different corruption experiences upon confidence in the police as well as police legitimacy. Since Tyler published his seminal work Why People Obey the Law, legitimacy and confidence in the criminal justice system has become an important concept in criminological analysis. Various studies have sought to clarify the meaning of legitimacy and to examine the factors that influence public perceptions of police legitimacy and confidence. Studies have emphasized the importance of procedural justice, distributive justice, and effectiveness of legal institutions. What remains under-researched in criminological discourse however, is the effects of police corruption upon public confidence and police legitimacy. An important exception is Tankebe’s (2010a) and Asif, Bradford and Zakar’s (2014) study. Yet both construct their study on a simple distinction between direct and indirect experiences of public corruption with the police. This overlooks the fact that there could be different types of direct and vicarious experiences (e.g. negative and positive experiences), with different effects on confidence and legitimacy. This study addresses these issues by examining the effects of both perceptions and different experiences of public-police corruption in Ghana. The research is focused on the experiences of corruption at the street level. Data was obtained from the police and retired police officers, commercial drivers, and private entrepreneurs (market traders). These actors encounter the police more often than any other, and that their expectations in corrupt encounters are conflicting. For example, while some members of the public condemn police corruption at police checkpoints, others, or the same people, in turn criticise and get infuriated at commercial drivers for failing to pay bribes to the police resulting in, for instance, unnecessary journey delays. The impact of these experiences on citizens’ perceptions of police legitimacy and confidence in the Ghanaian police are discussed.

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32

Deysel, Petrus Gerhardus. "Dismissal of members of the South African Police Service for criminal convictions". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6084.

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The dawn of democracy failed to bring legitimacy to the Police Service. Public and political debate seriously lambasted the Police Service for criminal offences committed on and off duty by police officials which pertained to the infringement on the individual rights regarding personal safety and the right to own property. The outcry against criminal offences by police officials forced the Police Service to deal decisively with criminality in the Police Service by means of fitness boards. While the government and public approved of the attempts to rid the Police Service of criminality it was met with union resistance in the Eastern Cape and defeat in the Labour Court. Different legislation, internal arrangements and case law were observed in this study. The purpose was to determine the strength or weaknesses if any of the applicable legislation and internal arrangements which contributed to a finding against the Police Service in the Labour Court.

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33

Beattie, Debra. "The wrong crowd : an online documentary and analytical contextualisation". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15874/1/Debra_Beattie_Thesis.pdf.

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This doctoral study comprises two parts. 75 per cent of the total weight of the submission consists of the creative component, the writing, directing and producing of a moving-image documentary in an online environment (supplementary material includes the script). Cutting edge technology (QTVR 'movies' and Live Stage Professional software) was used to create an immersive cinematic experience on the net. The Wrong Crowd can be viewed either online at www.abc.net.au/wrongcrowd or offline via a CD Rom (the latter includes the radio play 'Death of a Prostitute' which was excised from the version published via ABC Online because of legal concerns on the part of the ABC lawyers). The second part of the doctorate is the analytical contextualisation, comprising 25 per cent of the submission. This part examines the critical literature on the nature of the documentary form, documentary as history, cultural memory and the autobiography as history. Documentary exists as a truth-claim. History also embraces the search for evidence. The history documentary has a television form from which the online version is derived. The nature of the internet as a delivery platform for the moving image is discussed with reference to he truth claim as founded in the visible evidence - the news coverage - the 'this really happened'. The evidence however is open to interpretation for the historical record and is retold to suit the present power relations (the funding bodies, the commissioning editors, etc). In a CD Rom and more so online, this tendency towards individual interpretation is amplified to the point where the viewer can participate in the construction of the argument via a navigable database. Visually, the change from the temporal montage of the linear television documentary to spatial montage of the windows interface has led us to reconnect with computer-based moving images as a form of animated painting. Conventional screen theories of engagement and reception are invoked to aid in the discussion of modified cinematic conventions of editing and framing within the online form. The case-study of one of the inaugural Australian Film Commission funded online documentaries, The Wrong Crowd: Inside the Family Outside the Law, is a personal history narrative that intersects with Queensland police history from the 1950s to the late 1970s at the moments of inquiries into issues of police brutality and corruption.

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34

Beattie, Debra. "THE WRONG CROWD : An online documentary and Analytical contextualisation". Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15874/.

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This doctoral study comprises two parts. 75 per cent of the total weight of the submission consists of the creative component, the writing, directing and producing of a moving-image documentary in an online environment (supplementary material includes the script). Cutting edge technology (QTVR 'movies' and Live Stage Professional software) was used to create an immersive cinematic experience on the net. The Wrong Crowd can be viewed either online at www.abc.net.au/wrongcrowd or offline via a CD Rom (the latter includes the radio play 'Death of a Prostitute' which was excised from the version published via ABC Online because of legal concerns on the part of the ABC lawyers). The second part of the doctorate is the analytical contextualisation, comprising 25 per cent of the submission. This part examines the critical literature on the nature of the documentary form, documentary as history, cultural memory and the autobiography as history. Documentary exists as a truth-claim. History also embraces the search for evidence. The history documentary has a television form from which the online version is derived. The nature of the internet as a delivery platform for the moving image is discussed with reference to he truth claim as founded in the visible evidence - the news coverage - the 'this really happened'. The evidence however is open to interpretation for the historical record and is retold to suit the present power relations (the funding bodies, the commissioning editors, etc). In a CD Rom and more so online, this tendency towards individual interpretation is amplified to the point where the viewer can participate in the construction of the argument via a navigable database. Visually, the change from the temporal montage of the linear television documentary to spatial montage of the windows interface has led us to reconnect with computer-based moving images as a form of animated painting. Conventional screen theories of engagement and reception are invoked to aid in the discussion of modified cinematic conventions of editing and framing within the online form. The case-study of one of the inaugural Australian Film Commission funded online documentaries, The Wrong Crowd: Inside the Family Outside the Law, is a personal history narrative that intersects with Queensland police history from the 1950s to the late 1970s at the moments of inquiries into issues of police brutality and corruption.

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35

Goins, Jacqueline Lorraine. "Sexual boundary violations between peace officer agencies and offenders". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2074.

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Peace officers across this country have allowed a hostile environment to be created with offenders who are in their custody. An overview of the issues to be addressed in this study will begin with sexual boundary violations among peace officers and offenders, such as physical intimacy and emotional commitment that meets the sexual needs of the peace officer.

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36

Warburton, John (John Harcourt). "The social nature of corrupt networks in the Queensland police force 1960-1987". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28112.

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Most corruption research is into what causes corruption, rather than how it functions, on institutional causal factors rather than how it works. There are strong practical reasons for this, given the difficulty in gaining reliable data about actual corruption. The political economy model of corruption is the most influential, coherent and popular. It describes corruption in terms of “rent seeking" behaviour by “rational optimisers”, and has the advantage of access to political economy tools and concepts such as game theory and principal agent theory. This thesis contests the assumptions of the rational choice influences on the political economy approach, using evidence from an in—depth case study of corruption in the Queensland Police Force between 1960 and 1987. The results show that the corrupt network in the Queensland Police Force involved highly complex social behaviour that displayed many “non rational” characteristics. Far from being rational optimisers focused on material benefits, corrupt network members were found to be willing to accept small material or non material rewards, even though their behaviour involved significant personal risk. Corrupt network members were also found to highly value social interactions and belonging to the corrupt network as a group. This is not to say that individuals in the corrupt network did not seek corrupt payments, as a large amount of cash was actually involved. However, the evidence shows that a very small number of “inner sanctum” power holders received a hugely disproportionate amount of the money while bearing disproportionately less of the risk. Corruption has to be holistically understood as an outcome of continuously functioning networks rather than as an episode with a distinct beginning and end. Using the data from the Queensland Police Force corrupt network, this thesis examines the nature of interactions between all the corrupt network actors using some of the tools and methodology of social network analysis. The evidence suggests that corrupt police networks are self contained and highly adaptive to threatsand opportunities from their environment. The network has a shape and function that transcends individuals, even though in the case of the Queensland Police Force corrupt network certain individuals were clearly important to its successful operation. The network is highly flexible and resilient, able to maintain itself while reducing activity even during periods of sustained external threat, and also to efficiently increase activity and access to resources when the environment is more favourable. The corrupt network is able to achieve these outcomes, both through using directly corrupt interactions between actors in the corrupt network, and other interactions that bear little relation to traditional conceptions of corruption. In particular this thesis finds that considerable energy is expended by corrupt network members in conducting interactions that: protect the network from external attack using network resources; promote the network to grow in directions that give it greater control of relevant resources; are of a social nature; and, promote the development of influence relations, access to resources, the swapping of information and the trading of favours. In fact, referring to a corrupt network underestimates the complexity of its interaction with its environment. The corrupt network within the Queensland Police Force interacted with several self contained networks that had links with each other: the corrupt police network; the criminal milieu; and, the adjacent influence network. The inter—relationships between all three networks were crucial to the operation of the police corrupt network, which at its highest point was receiving over $56,000 a month in corrupt payments from criminals. The evidence shows that without links to the criminals the corrupt conduct could not occur, but that links to the adjacent influence network were also highly important to corrupt network operation. The adjacent influence network consisted of a socially connected group of actors from Queensland’s primary social institutions including: the political sphere (and in particular the ruling National Party); the judiciary; and, the media. Access to powerholders in these institutions allowed the corrupt network to receive information and resourCes, thus ensuring it could protect and sustain itself over a long period of time. Anti-corruption measures need to take into account these social and network characteristics of corruption to be successful.

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37

Sampaio, Joelson Oliveira. "Essays on trust in the judicial system: evidence from Brazil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-16062015-152702/.

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A factor that crucially affects the development of a country is the ability of its judiciary to present itself as a legitimate instance for resolving the disputes that arise in social and economic affairs. One way to approach this topic is to study the reasons that lead citizens to trust or to distrust the judiciary. Thus, this thesis analyzes the determinants of public trust in the judicial system in Brazil; it also attempts to determine the drivers that lead people to trust or to distrust it. Chapter 2 addresses the relationship between trust in the judicial system and economic and demographic variables such as race, income, age, gender, education, previous experience with the judicial system, and knowledge about the legal system. The Brazilian Confidence in Justice Index (BCJI) was built as a trust measure. The BCJI is a measure of perception which reveals the opinion of the population regarding Brazil\'s judiciary system. The results indicate that race and gender are important predictors, once controlled for other respondent characteristics. Black persons have a slightly lower level of trust in the judiciary than do non-black persons. Women also espress less trust than men. Finally, the results indicate that poorer people also have lower levels of trust in the judicial system. Although there is a substantial literature that relates the determinants of trust in the judicial system and use of the judiciary, the causal relationship between these two variables is unclear. The purpose of Chapter 3 is to examine this causal relationship in Brazil. The results indicate that trust in the judicial system has a positive impact on use of the judiciary. That is, individuals who have higher levels of trust in the judicial system have a greater propensity to seek the judiciary. There is also a statically significant relationship between trust in the judicial system and use of the judiciary for some economic and demographic variables, such as income, education, age, and race. There is a widespread belief that the police is the government\'s first-line representative, responsible for controlling the social order. Policy-makers and members of the public have long been concerned about the number of police officers who are effectively deployed to reduce crime. Chapter 4 analyzes the relationship between crime rates and trust in the police. For example, do regions with higher crime rates display lower trust in the police? It is in this sense that this Chapter studies the motivations that lead citizens to trust or to distrust the police. The results indicate that in general there is a negative relationship between an increase on the crime rate and trust in the police. Such results are even stronger for some less common crimes such as drug dealing and rape. The results also indicate that those who have had previous experience with the police do not seem to associate police work with crime rates, in contrast with those who have never had a previous experience. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes all of the findings from the previous Chapters and discusses possible future directions of research.
Um problema que afeta o desenvolvimento econômico e social de um país é a habilidade que o judiciário se apresenta como uma instância legítima para resolver os conflitos que surgem nas esferas social e de negócios. Um caminho para medir isto é a legitimidade das motivações que levam os cidadãos a confiarem ou não no judiciário. Sendo assim, esta tese busca analisar os determinantes da confiança pública no sistema judiciário no Brasil e também entender quais são as motivações que levam as pessoas a confiarem ou não no judiciário brasileiro. O capítulo 2 busca analisar a relação entre a confiança no sistema judiciário e algumas variáveis econômicas e demográficas, tais como: raça, renda, idade, gênero, experiência com o sistema judiciário e conhecimento do judiciário. Foi utilizado o Índice de Confiança na Justiça no Brasil (ICJB) como uma medida de confiança. O ICJB é uma medida de percepção, na qual mostra a opinião das pessoas sobre o judiciário no Brasil. Os resultados indicam que raça e gênero são importantes preditores de confiança no judiciário, uma vez controlado para as características dos entrevistados. Negros apresentam um nível de confiança menor comparado aos não negros. Mulheres também apresentam um nível de confiança inferior aos homens. Finalmente, os resultados indicam que pessoas com menos renda apresentam níveis de confiança no judiciário inferior aos com maior renda. Embora haja uma literatura que relaciona os determinantes de confiança no sistema judiciário e sua utilizaçao, há uma lacuna sobre a relação causal entre essas duas variáveis. O capítulo 3 dessa tese busca analisar o impacto de confiança no sistema judiciário sobre a utilização do judiciário. Sendo assim, o propósito do capítulo 3 é examinar a relação causal entre confiança no sistema judiciário e utilização do judiciário no Brasil. Os resultados indicam que há um impacto positivo de confiança no sistema judiciário sobre a sua utilização. Pessoas com maior nível de confiança no sistema judiciário apresentam maior propensão a procurá-lo. Finalmente, os resultados também indicam que há uma relação estatisticamente significante entre confiança no sistema judicário e utilização do judiciário para algumas variáveis demográficas e econômicas, tais como: renda, anos de estudo, idade e raça. O capítulo 4 busca analisar a relação entre taxas de crime e confiança na polícia. Nesse sentido, esse capítulo busca analisar a legitimidade das motivações que levam as pessoas a confiarem ou não na polícia. Algumas pessoas acreditam que a polícia é a representante linha de frente do governo, resonsável pelo controle da ordem social. Os decisores políticos e membros do público têm se preocupado muito com o número de policiais empregados para diminuir o crime. Em outras palavras, regiões com maiores índices de criminalidade possuem menor nível de confiança na polícia? Os resultados indicam que em geral, existe uma relação negativa entre o aumento no índice de criminalidade e a confiança na polícia. Tais resultados são ainda maiores para crimes menos numerosos, como o tráfico de drogas e estupro. Os resultados também indicam que quem já teve experiência com a polícia, parece não associar o trabalho dela com os índices de criminalidade, comparado com quem nunca teve experiência. Finalmente, o capítulo 5 sumariza todos os resultados encontrados nos capítulos anteriores e discute alguns novos caminhos de pesquisa que podem ser seguidos

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38

Johansson, Matilda y Annelie Nordin. "Policy Reform in Egypt? : A case study". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91335.

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This paper studies the police reform in Egypt in the light of the revolution 2011. The ousting of the authoritarian president Hosni Mubarak was the beginning of the transition towards democracy. Within 15 months both parliamentary and presidential election had taken place. The political leaders were new and the transitional process had begun however the institutions where still the same and one feature of the revolution was to reform the police since the police was hated as the oppressive power it was. Transition from totalitarian regime to democracy is more than elections it is about reforming the institutions and especially the security sector hence they often play a significant role in oppressing the citizens in an authoritarian state. The police in Egypt used repressive methods to control the citizens. Therefore it is interesting to investigate whether the police are beginning to transform along the principles of democratic policing, a specific part of security sector reform focusing on the reformation of the police. The notion of human security with the people at the centre lay as a foundation of the theoretical framework. The material consists of in- depth interviews with leaders and active people in the civil society and their view regarding police work and police reform after the revolution. The conclusions drawn from the study is that the police lack capacity, understanding and training to reform. The reformation has to be influenced by political will from legislative and institutional level as well from the police officers themselves. There are challenges if a reform of the police will be successful and some of them are connected with national and international circumstances.

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39

Lee, George Chak Man Christopher. "What are the barriers to building a trusted police service in China and India? : a comparative study". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284635.

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This thesis attempts to identify what the barriers to building a trusted police service in China and India are through answering the questions: How has economic modernisation impacted upon policing? To what extent are the two police forces trusted by its citizens? Do the police carry out their duties in a fair and unbiased fashion? What do police corruption/malpractices look like and why does it persist? And what are the influencing factors in decision-making at the moments-of-truth? There is very limited research into the Chinese Police generally and even less on factors affecting organisational culture, practices, and decision making. There is no comparative study between the Chinese and Indian Police. This thesis found that the Chinese Police are held in higher esteem than the Indian Police by their respective citizenry. Both the Chinese and Indian police use stereotypes and are biased against certain section of society in the way they carry out their duties and that corruption and malpractices are tolerated and engrained in its culture but is subtler in China than in India. However, one surprised finding is that India is more at risk of the rule by man than China, even though India is said to be the world's largest democracy grounded on the principles of the rule of law.

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40

Beiser, Sarina. "A Capability Approach to Examining the Effects of Actual and Anticipated Fear of Crime: Experiences and Perceptions of Black Female Youth in the Cape Flats". Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32590.

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The purpose of this study was to examine how the fear of crime affects the capabilities, perceptions and experiences of black female youth, living in the Cape Flats, Cape Town. Qualitative semi structured interviews were conducted with 18 black female participants between the ages of 18 to 30. This study used Garofalo's model of fear of crime and Amartya Sen's capability approach as theoretical frameworks. With the help of these two frameworks, the researcher sought to gauge what influence the fear of crime can have on people's lives and how crime affects young black females living in communities with high crime rates. It also showed how their life choices and opportunities are influenced by living in unsafe communities. The major challenges and problems highlighted by the participants include: Constant trauma of their daily life (leaving their houses, random shootings, unsafe public transport), mental health issues (losing friends and relatives), lack of proper police service (lack of police presence, incompetence of police, corruption), fear for family or friends, lack of trust and support systems (broken families, loss of trust, no role models, lack of social capital), lack of infrastructure (such as safe hospitals or educational challenges), the effects of gangsterism (gangs and drug wars, effects of drugs, families' or friend's involvement in gangsterism) and the lack of opportunities such as unemployment. This study showed how the peoples' capabilities have been affected by the above-mentioned issues and how the fear of crime affected their daily lives. This study also made recommendations for policy makers and social institutions on what can be done to reduce crime rates and make communities with high crime rates safer

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41

Ngovon, Gervais. "La justice pénale et la construction de l’État de droit en Centrafrique". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020032.

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Le fonctionnement réel de la justice pénale en Afrique suscite peu l’intérêt des chercheurs en sciences sociales. Des juristes s’y consacrent certes mais ne l’étudient que sous le prisme réducteur de l’exégèse juridique classique ou de l’analyse normative. Les études sur son fonctionnement routinier, sur ses rapports avec les usagers ainsi qu’avec la construction de l’État de droit restent rares. Séminaires ou conférences ne soulignent que l’épineux problème de l’indépendance de la magistrature ou la question de l’accessibilité de la justice au plus grand nombre. Institution pourtant par excellence, la justice pénale est un instrument crucial dans la construction de l’État de droit. Par les multiples interactions qu’elle entretient avec son environnement social et politique, elle a vocation à diffuser et à défendre les valeurs d’un État soucieux des droits et des libertés. La présente thèse s’attache à analyser la justice pénale en Centrafrique, dans la perspective de l’édification de l’État de droit, en orientant le regard d’une part vers les acteurs du système judiciaire, leurs stratégies individuelles et collectives ainsi que leurs rapports au système politique, et, d’autre part, vers la société à travers les relations quotidiennes que les acteurs du système judiciaire entretiennent avec les usagers
The actual functioning of criminal justice in Africa is of little interest to social scientists. Jurists are certainly devoted to it, but they study it only under the simplistic prism of classical legal exegesis or normative analysis. Studies of its routine functioning, its relations with users and the construction of a State governed by the rule of law remain rare. Seminars or conferences emphasize only the thorny issue of the independence of the judiciary or the question of the accessibility of justice to as many people as possible. Substantial institution, criminal justice is a crucial instrument in the construction of the rule of law. Through its many interactions with its social and political environment, it aims to spread and defend the values of a State concerned about its rights and freedoms. This thesis focuses on the analysis of criminal justice in the Central African Republic and its effects on construction and the rule of law. For this purpose, it examines the behaviors of the actors of the judicial system, their individual and collective strategies as well as their relations with the political system. Similarly, it also analyzes the daily relationships that justice actors have with litigants

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42

Gobewole, Stephen H. "Public Corruption in Liberian Government". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/355.

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There is a widespread public perception of corruption in Liberia's election process, yet there is little documentation on the characteristics of voters and their perceptions of electoral corruption. The purpose of this correlational study was to explore the relationship between gender, ethnicity, physical location, and perceptions about political activity during the 2005 national election. Roderick Chisolm's conceptualization of the internalist view of justification served as the theoretical construct. Data were acquired from the Afrobarometer survey (n = 1,200), which used a representative cross-sectional sample design, and were subjected to cross-tabulation analysis, a chi-square test, and a correlation analysis. The results of the analysis indicated that elections were perceived as unfair and that gender was an important predictor of perception. The analysis revealed that 26.8% of women perceived the National Election Commission as untrustworthy and 79.0% reported that they did not feel completely free to choose their preferred candidate. A chi-square test of association confirmed that among males, the belief that elections are free and fair was statistically significant (p = .002), though not for females (p = .151). Gender was moderately correlated (r = .088) with corruption of government officials. It was also found that the theoretical construct may explain the behavior of elected officials, but was not predictive of voter engagement. Recommendations to remedy this problem include widespread election reform that focuses on combating negative perceptions of voters, particularly among women, and correcting technical irregularities in Liberia's electoral processes.

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43

蔡威旋 y Wai-shuen Wayne Tsoi. "Anti-corruption strategies in the greater China Region". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979373.

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44

Hoxhaj, Andi. "Anti-corruption policy in the EU and reflexive governance". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2019. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/90325/.

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This thesis, by evaluating the EU Anti-Corruption Report 2014 and its impact, analyses the development of EU anti-corruption as a policy field. In order to identify key factors that shape anti-corruption policy in Europe, it applies the theory of reflexive governance to anti-corruption policymaking in the EU. The approach of reflexive governance focuses on the new form of interaction between the EU, Member States and Candidate States, in particular the dialogical nature of their relationships and how they influence each other in building ground and incentives for the sustainable development of anticorruption as a policy field. The dissertation begins with an examination of the four stages of the development of anti-corruption as a policy field in the EU so far. Questions are asked about the involvement of non-state actors in anti-corruption policy making and to what extent Member States and Candidate States have involved non-state actors in shaping anti-corruption policy in the national context. The main part of the thesis is devoted to presenting and applying the theory of reflexive governance in analysing the EU Anti-Corruption Report and its impact and achievement in the UK, Romania and Albania. In its last part, the thesis discusses insufficiencies of the EU Anti-Corruption Report 2014 and offers recommendations for future EU Anti-Corruption Reports, in particular by making proposals how the legal framework can be improved in relation to the protection of whistleblowers. The thesis also makes suggestions how the EU, Member States and Candidate States can make further use of reflexive governance in order to enhance their anti-corruption policies.

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45

Thachuk, Kimberley Lynn. "Plomo ó plata, politics, corruption and drug policy in Colombia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24357.pdf.

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46

Benjamin, James. "The role of policy and corruption in human trafficking research". Thesis, Benjamin, James (2014) The role of policy and corruption in human trafficking research. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/25754/.

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Human trafficking is a global phenomenon that has taken the world by storm. Media and advocacy campaigns have paraded the atrocities of human trafficking, and with little empirical support of the claims that are being made about human trafficking. Researchers and experts alike agree that the empirical studies and support for human trafficking are lacking, while at the same time believing that human trafficking is definitely a serious problem invading the world. What this paper seeks to achieve is to gather the different stakeholders involved in two major areas of human trafficking, namely policy and corruption, and analyse the functions of the stakeholders with policy and corruption. By no means do we present a solution of any sort, rather we intend to provide an avenue for future research and highlight certain practices. What this review has pointed out is that there is a need for combined efforts in researching and countering human trafficking, that the disjointed efforts that are currently in place cannot and do not begin to adequately address the complex and clandestine nature of human trafficking.

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47

Paula, Luciana Araujo de. "La « zone grise » de la sécurité ? Approche comparée du processus "mafieux" de la police à Buenos Aires et à Rio de Janeiro". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA149/document.

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Cette étude se propose de répondre dans quelle mesure le processus de démocratisation des institutions de sécurité en Argentine et au Brésil a été suivi de près par un processus « mafieux » de leurs polices, en s’appuyant sur les cas de la police de la province de Buenos Aires et celle de la ville de Rio de Janeiro. Nous avons choisi de travailler à partir de ces deux corps policiers puisqu' ils sont historiquement connus pour leurs affaires de corruption et leurs pratiques arbitraires vis-à-vis des habitants des quartiers défavorisés. Le contexte post-dictatures dans ces deux pays a entraîné des reconfigurations dans le « modus operandi » des forces policières et de nouvelles dynamiques « mafieuses » se sont renforcées conjointement au renforcement d’un paradigme sécuritaire qui émerge au cœur même de ces jeunes démocraties. Buenos Aires et Rio de Janeiro, représentant chacune un « micro-univers » de leur cadre national respectif, offrent donc d’innombrables exemples pour interroger notre objet d’étude. La première partie cherchera à analyser les héritages autoritaires du passé concernant le modus operandi des deux polices. La deuxième partie cherchera à comprendre les remaniements de ce modus operandi à partir de nouvelles formes d’autoritarisme qui émergent au sein des jeunes démocraties. Enfin, la troisième partie, confrontera les deux points précédents afin de démontrer dans quelle mesure leur juxtaposition peut créer les bases d’un terroir mafieux commun
This study aims to answer how the democratization of security institutions in Argentina and Brazil was closely followed by a process of "mafiosisation" of their policies, based on the case of the provincial police of Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. We chose to work from these two police forces since they are historically known for their corruption cases and their arbitrary practices vis-à-vis the inhabitants of disadvantaged neighborhoods. The post-dictatorship context in these two countries has led to reconfigurations in the "modus operandi" of police forces and new "mafia" dynamics have been reinforced in conjunction with the reinforcement of a security paradigm that is emerging in the very heart of these young democracies. Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro, each representing a "micro-universe" of their respective national frameworks, therefore offer innumerable examples to question our object of study. The first part will analyze the authoritarian legacies of the past concerning the modus operandi of the two fonts. The second part will seek to understand the reworking of this modus operandi from new forms of authoritarianism emerging in young democracies. Finally, the third part, will confront the two previous points to demonstrate to what extent their juxtaposition can create the bases of a common « mafia terroir »

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48

Lau, Chau-wing Nelson y 劉就榮. "A study of Hong Kong Government's anti-corruption strategies". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45012556.

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49

Wilson, John Kyle. "Essays in public policy : rent seeking, compliance and indirect lobbying /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw7463.pdf.

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50

Tse, Kin-kuen. "An evaluation of anticorruption policy in Hong Kong since 1945". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12316106.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Police corruption"

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