Tesis sobre el tema "Points clés"
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Loiseau-Witon, Nicolas. "Détection et description de points clés par apprentissage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0101.
Texto completoHospitals are increasingly generating 3D medical images that require automatic registration for systematic and large-scale analysis. Key points are used to reduce the time and memory required for this registration, and can be detected and described using various classical methods, as well as neural networks, as demonstrated numerous times in 2D. This thesis presents results and discussions on methods for detecting and describing key points using 3D neural networks. Two types of networks were studied to detect and/or describe characteristic points in 3D medical images. The first networks studied describe the areas directly surrounding key points, while the second type performs both detection and description of key points in a single step
Delchier, Nicolas. "Devenir des folates au cours de la transformation des végétaux verts : identification des points clés et des mécanismes". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858359.
Texto completoDeneuve, Emeline. "Three essays on key audit matters dissimilarity". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ESEC0002.
Texto completoMy dissertation consists of three essays reported in three different Chapters, each related to a different research question about the Key Audit Matters (KAM) section in audit reports. KAM disclosures have been implemented to enhance the communicative value of audit reports and to increase users’ confidence in the audit process and the companies’ financial statements (EY Reporting, 2015). KAMs reflect the greatest risks of material misstatements encountered during the audit process based on auditors’ professional judgment (FRC, 2020). Their implementation represents the most significant change in the audit report for the past 70 years. KAMs have first been implemented in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2013. To get the largest sample period possible, I use hand-collected data from premium-listed non-financial firms on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). KAMs represent additional qualitative disclosures in the audit report, where auditors report one KAM per risk encountered during the audit process. Each KAM is related to a significant matter and is composed of two parts. Auditors first describe the risk encountered and then explain the audit procedures performed to address the risk identified. I define these two parts as the following two KAM components: the risk description and the auditors’ response and observation. Although auditors are encouraged to write KAMs in their own words (FRC, 2013b), critics of this new disclosure requirement fear that KAMs would be boilerplate and standardized (Citi Research, 2014; Gray, Turner, Coram, & Mock, 2011; Mock et al., 2013). Although several researchers examine the consequences of the KAM regulation worldwide, I believe that examining the content of KAMs provides more granular insights into the audit process. I develop measures of dissimilarity to capture specific information in KAMs. These measures reflect differences in words written by auditors for the same type of KAM. My Thesis contributes to the KAM literature by providing a granular analysis of the content of KAM disclosures and by complementing studies examining textual features of KAMs (e.g., Burke, Hoitash, Hoitash, & Xiao, 2022; Chen, Nelson, Wang, & Yu, 2020; Gutierrez, Minutti-Meza, Tatum, & Vulcheva, 2018; Lennox, Schmidt, & Thompson, 2022)
Benmansour, Fethallah. "Méthode des chemins minimaux appliquée à l'imagerie médicale : Segmentation de structures tubulaires et de surfaces par anisotropie multi-échelle et par détection récursive de points clés". Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090034.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we used and adapted the minimal path method to segment tubular structures in medical images, and to extract closed surfaces from biomedical images. The minimal path method has been introduced in order to minimize globally the geodesic active contour functional. In the first part of the manuscript, we recall the active contour models and their variants, and discuss their advantages and drawbacks. Then, we focus on the theoretical and numerical aspects of the minimal path method both in the classical isotropic case and the Riemannian anisotropic case. Also, we illustrate the importance of the metric and show how one can tune its parameters in order to overcome the shortcut issue. In the second part, we are interested in segmenting tubular structures. We propose a novel minimal path model that takes into account the vessel width and direction. We have chosen to exploit the tubular structure of the vessels one wants to extract to build an anisotropic metric giving higher speed on the center of the vessels and also when the minimal path tangent is coherent with the vessel’s direction. In the third part, the problem of surface extraction from 3D images is addressed. First, we introduce a front propagation approach to detect recursively keypoints on an object of interest. Then, we propose a method to extract a patch of surface from a single source point. In order to obtain a complete surface, this approach is iterated. Finally, we propose a global approach that takes benefit of the interfaces surrounding the object
Dahl, Kathy. "Analyse des obstacles et des facilitateurs concernant la participation au travail de personnes présentant un trouble de la personnalité limite : points de vue de différents acteurs clés". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8913.
Texto completoAbstract : Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) affects around 1% of the population and 20% of psychiatric service users (Gunderson & Links, 2008). Recent studies show that work participation is the most impaired occupational domain and should be prioritized in rehabilitation (Gunderson et al., 2011; Larivière et al., 2010; Zanarini et al., 2012). However, to our knowledge, no study has examined in depth the specific issues regarding work participation for people with BPD. Objective: The overall purpose of this study was to identify and describe barriers and facilitators as well as possible solutions for enabling work participation of individuals with a borderline personality disorder (BPD) from their perspective and the perspective of their service providers. Methods: Using a qualitative multiple case study design (Yin, 2009), three contexts of work participation were considered: 1) work (re) integration, 2) return to work (after a sick leave), and 3) job tenure. Within each context, three dyads including an individual with BPD (aged 18 to 55) and their service provider supporting work participation were met for individual interviews. Results: Qualitative results (n = 18) showed that individual factors (e.g., reaction towards pressure and relationships at work, regulation of emotions) and factors related to stakeholders and procedures from insurance, organizational and health systems (e.g., poor collaboration and communication between stakeholders, working alliance between individuals with BPD and stakeholders, work accommodations and natural support in the workplace) influenced work participation of individuals with BPD. Conclusions and implication for practice: This study highlights that work participation presents specific challenges for individuals with BPD, including several personal and environmental factors to be considered by all stakeholders (service users, health care professionals, insurers and employers). Current work rehabilitation programs need to be improved to address more optimally the work participation issues of individuals with BPD and be well coordinated with current specialized psychotherapies.
Paudel, Danda Pani. "Local and global methods for registering 2D image sets and 3D point clouds". Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS077/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study the problem of registering 2D image sets and 3D point clouds under threedifferent acquisition set-ups. The first set-up assumes that the image sets are captured using 2Dcameras that are fully calibrated and coupled, or rigidly attached, with a 3D sensor. In this context,the point cloud from the 3D sensor is registered directly to the asynchronously acquired 2D images.In the second set-up, the 2D cameras are internally calibrated but uncoupled from the 3D sensor,allowing them to move independently with respect to each other. The registration for this set-up isperformed using a Structure-from-Motion reconstruction emanating from images and planar patchesrepresenting the point cloud. The proposed registration method is globally optimal and robust tooutliers. It is based on the theory Sum-of-Squares polynomials and a Branch-and-Bound algorithm.The third set-up consists of uncoupled and uncalibrated 2D cameras. The image sets from thesecameras are registered to the point cloud in a globally optimal manner using a Branch-and-Prunealgorithm. Our method is based on a Linear Matrix Inequality framework that establishes directrelationships between 2D image measurements and 3D scene voxels
Faraz, Khuram. "Mosaïque d'images cutanées avec inférence topologique et ajustement global". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0278/document.
Texto completoTeledermatology offers several advantages in comparison to the traditional in-place consultations with a dermatologist. It is particularly useful for easing the access to the dermatological care for patients with mobility or travel constraints. A dedicated mosaicing scheme for creating extended panoramas of skin video sequences is proposed to surmount the limitations posed by the small field of view of stationary images acquired by currently used devices. The video sequences used for this purpose are acquired using a specially designed device for a colorimetrically correct rendering of the skin surface. After a study of various image registration approaches, an approach optimally suited to skin image registration with some compromise between registration accuracy and computation time is selected. In addition, an approach for refining the initially detected key-point correspondence is presented. Central focus of this study is on the overall coherent construction of the mosaic. To achieve this objective, a mosaicing scheme capable of generating coherent panoramas from long video sequences is presented. This scheme dynamically estimates the topology of the image trajectory in the panoramic plane to mosaic the images by reducing the number of images over the path used for reaching a given image from a reference image in order to place it on the panoramic plane. A small number of images reduces the accumulated errors, thus improving the visual coherency of the overall mosaic. Besides, the proposed approach offers robustness against failed registrations, which would interrupt the mosaicing process in the absence of the alternative paths. Moreover, a global adjustment scheme for further improving the coherency of the mosaic is presented
Le, Van Linh. "Automatic landmarking for 2D biological images : image processing with and without deep learning methods". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0238.
Texto completoLandmarks are presented in the applications of different domains such as biomedical or biological. It is also one of the data types which have been usedin different analysis, for example, they are not only used for measuring the form of the object, but also for determining the similarity between two objects. In biology, landmarks are used to analyze the inter-organisms variations, however the supply of landmarks is very heavy and most often they are provided manually. In recent years, several methods have been proposed to automatically predict landmarks, but it is existing the hardness because these methods focused on the specific data. This thesis focuses on automatic determination of landmarks on biological images, more specifically on two-dimensional images of beetles. In our research, we have collaborated with biologists to build a dataset including the images of 293 beetles. For each beetle in this dataset, 5 images correspond to 5 parts have been taken into account, e.g., head, body, pronotum, left and right mandible. Along with each image, a set of landmarks has been manually proposed by biologists. First step, we have brought a method whichwas applied on fly wings, to apply on our dataset with the aim to test the suitability of image processing techniques on our problem. Secondly, we have developed a method consisting of several stages to automatically provide the landmarks on the images.These two first steps have been done on the mandible images which are considered as obvious to use the image processing methods. Thirdly, we have continued to consider other complex remaining parts of beetles. Accordingly, we have used the help of Deep Learning. We have designed a new model of Convolutional Neural Network, named EB-Net, to predict the landmarks on remaining images. In addition, we have proposed a new procedure to augment the number of images in our dataset, which is seen as our limitation to apply deep learning. Finally, to improve the quality of predicted coordinates, we have employed Transfer Learning, another technique of Deep Learning. In order to do that, we trained EB-Net on a public facial keypoints. Then, they were transferred to fine-tuning on beetle’s images. The obtained results have been discussed with biologists, and they have confirmed that the quality of predicted landmarks is statistically good enough to replace the manual landmarks for most of the different morphometry analysis
Tarbague, Hakim. "Étude et mise au point d’une plateforme de biodétection de micro-organismes couplant immunocapteur a ondes de love et dispositfs pdms microfluidiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14290/document.
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Rasse, Anne. "Cléo : diagnostic des erreurs en Xesar". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337847.
Texto completoGuellil, Imene. "Nano-fonctionnalisation par FIB haute résolution de silicium". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0361.
Texto completoThe goal of this work is to develop a process for the elaboration of silicon-germanium (SiGe) quantum dots (QDs) with compositions ranging from Si to pure Ge, and allowing to obtain semiconducting QDs with sufficiently small sizes to obtain quantum confinement. For this purpose, we have used a combination of different techniques: molecular beam epitaxy, focused ion beam lithography (FIBL) and heterogeneous solid state dewetting. In this context, the aim of this research is on the one hand to develop a new FIB that can be coupled to the ultra-high vacuum molecular beam epitaxy growth chamber, and on the other hand to realize two applications: (i) nanopatterns for the self-organisation of Si and Ge QDs and (ii) nano-implantations of Si and Ge. We used FIBL with energy-filtered liquid metal alloy ion sources (LMAIS) using non-polluting ions (Si and Ge) for the milling of conventional microelectronic substrates such as SiGe on silicon-on-insulator (SGOI). The nanopatterns must be totally free of pollution and with variable and perfectly controlled characteristics (size, density, depth). The morphology of the nanopatterns is then characterized in-situ by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth is determined ex-situ by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The nanopatterns made by FIBL were compared on the one hand to plasma etchings with He and Ne and on the other hand to the etchings obtained by electronic lithography (EBL). Nanoimplantations of Si and Ge ions were realised in diamond and in ultra-thin SGOI for the fabrication of local defects
Delahaye, Alexandre. "Classification multi-échelle d'images à très haute résolution spatiale basée sur une nouvelle approche texturale". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8935.
Texto completoAbstract : Classifying remote sensing images is an increasingly difficult task due to the availability of very high spatial resolution (VHSR) data. The amount of details in such images is a major obstacle to the use of spectral classification methods as well as most textural classification algorithms, including statistical methods. However, structural methods offer an interesting alternative to this issue: these object-oriented approaches focus on analyzing the structure of an image in order to interpret its meaning. In the first part of this thesis, we propose a new algorithm belonging to this category: KPC (KeyPoint-based Classification). KPC is based on keypoint detection and analysis and offers an efficient answer to the issue of classifying VHSR images. Tests led on artificial and real remote sensing images have proven its discriminating power. Furthermore, many studies have proven that evidential fusion (based on Dempster-Shafer theory) is well-suited to remote sensing images because of its ability to handle abstract concepts such as ambiguity and uncertainty. However, few studies did focus on the application of this theory to complex textural data such as structural data. This issue is dealt with in the second part of this thesis; we focused on fusing multiscale KPC classifications with the help of Dempster-Shafer theory. Tests have shown that this multi-scale approach leads to an increase in classification efficiency when the original image has a low quality. Our study also points out a substantial potential for improvement gained from the estimation of intermediate classifications reliability and provides ideas to get these estimations.
Bodo, Lionel. "Mise au point d'un procédé d'établissement rapide du cycle de l'azote dans un milieu aquatique fermé". Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT001G.
Texto completoLacoste, Sylvie. "Le développement de nouvelles formes "hybrides" de l'échange vertical, combinant des aspects transactionnels et relationnels, analysées du point de vue du Grand Compte global". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010027.
Texto completoBorovac, Tatiana. "Conception et validation d'un nouvel appareil de dissolution permettant l'étude des formes pharmaceutiques administrées en milieu clos Corrélations in vitro - in vivo". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077077.
Texto completoDissolution tests are essential during the development of new medicines as implants, occlusion agents and patches defined as pharmaceutical forms administered in "enclosed area". This work presents a new dissolution device, the T apparatus, designed to study the in vitro release of active drugs loaded in microspheres for embolization or in patches. Its shape allows to mimic the in vivo hydrodynamic conditions with an area of convective transport (blood transport) and an area of diffusive transport (tissular transport). The first bibliographie part présents the dissolution theories, the pharmaceutical forms administered in "enclosed area", the dissolution tests existing and the principles of in vitro- in vivo correlations. The second part consists of the expérimental works. After the presentation of the design and the operation of the T apparatus, various microspheres for embolization (indomethacin-loaded trisacryl microspheres and ibuprofen-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) microspheres) were studied to validate the use of the device. Pharmacokinetic data obtained after embolization in sheep allowed to define an in vitro- in vivo correlation. The use of the apparatus for the study of transdermal nicotine patches was introduced. Finally, the design and the operation of a prototype of the T apparatus were evaluated with the microspheres and the patches. The results shown that the T apparatus is a new promising dissolution test for the pharmaceutical development
Cohen, Emmanuel. "La construction sociale du corps chez les Sénégalais, une clé pour appréhender leur rapport à la corpulence dans le contexte de la transition des modes de vie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5048/document.
Texto completoTheoretical framework. In a Senegalese transitional context, expressing itself by a biocultural interface, it is important to assess the impact of the phenomenon of urbanization on the development of overweight, but also on its social and cultural conceptions and its psychosocial feeling in a changing process. Methodology. To do this, we first conducted a qualitative focus group survey and a second study by qualitative semi-structured interviews (In the city of Dakar and at Gandiaye in the rural community of Thiomby from the Kaolack region) in arepresentative sample of the senegalese adult population living in the wolophone space from the center of the country ; and a third comparative quantitative study between the region of Kaolack and Dakar agglomeration. Results. By the qualitative aspects, we note that the big person is no longer associated to wealth (food/diet), well-being (death-disease/health) and reproductive output (aesthetics/sexuality), but to idleness (food /diet), dysfunction (death-disease/health) and sexual undesirability (aesthetics/sexuality). By the quantitative aspects, we note a significant increase of overweight with a social valorisation of overweight as a risk factor to the development of this syndrome. In addition, the modern standards of body are spreading, thus, the desire to lose weight is associated with a poor esteem of its appearance.Conclusion. The Senegalese leave a model where the body subjected to an animist cult of vital energy was mostly exposed to thin, for a model where the body subjected to a modern cult of reason will be mostly exposed to overweight
Robert, Jean-Marc. "Contrer l'attaque Simple Power Analysis efficacement dans les applications de la cryptographie asymétrique, algorithmes et implantations". Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0039/document.
Texto completoThe development of online communications and the Internet have made encrypted data exchange fast growing. This has been possible with the development of asymmetric cryptographic protocols, which make use of arithmetic computations such as modular exponentiation of large integer or elliptic curve scalar multiplication. These computations are performed by various platforms, including smart-cards as well as large and powerful servers. The platforms are subject to attacks taking advantage of information leaked through side channels, such as instantaneous power consumption or electromagnetic radiations.In this thesis, we improve the performance of cryptographic computations resistant to Simple Power Analysis. On modular exponentiation, we propose to use multiple multiplications sharing a common operand to achieve this goal. On elliptic curve scalar multiplication, we suggest three different improvements : over binary fields, we make use of improved combined operation AB,AC and AB+CD applied to Double-and-add, Halve-and-add and Double/halve-and-add approaches, and to the Montgomery ladder ; over binary field, we propose a parallel Montgomery ladder ; we make an implementation of a parallel approach based on the Right-to-left Double-and-add algorithm over binary and prime fields, and extend this implementation to the Halve-and-add and Double/halve-and-add over binary fields
Lapierre, Annie. "Pratiques actuelles et souhaitées autour de la mort et du deuil en CPE : points de vue d'acteurs-clés". Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5693/1/M13124.pdf.
Texto completoHonari, Sina. "Feature extraction on faces : from landmark localization to depth estimation". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22658.
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