Tesis sobre el tema "Pointe polymère"
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Pham, Thi Nhung. "Fabry-Perot interferometer based on end-of-fiber polymer microtip for chemical sensing". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0006.
Texto completoFabry−Perot interferometers (FPIs) have received a significant attention for their use in sensor applications. FPIs consist of an optical cavity with separate parallel reflecting surfaces which reflect incident light, resulting in an optical interferometric signal. The FPI signal depends on the distance between the reflecting surfaces and the refractive index of the cavity medium, which are sensitive to variation of environment humidity, temperature, pressure, and material. FPIs can be attached to optical fibers to form compact fiber optic FPI-based sensors in which the optical fiber works as a waveguide for both incident and reflected signal. This thesis presents FPI-based chemical sensors incorporating a polymer microtip located at the end of an optical fiber and characterizes their sensing capabilities for humidity, water, and chemical targets.Firstly, we develop a pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) tip on the facet of an optical fiber by a self-guiding photopolymerization. One end of the optical fiber is placed inside a PETA droplet and the self-guiding photopolymerization of PETA is actuated by a 375 nm laser injected to the other end of the fiber. The optimal conditions to form a straight and mechanically stable PETA tip are 1.0 μW of laser power × 1.0 second of exposure time. However, the PETA chains do not completely polymerize during this self-polymerization, leading to an unstable dynamic resonant frequency of the tip. Thus, the tip needs a post-polymerization under a UV 365 nm lamp to achieve a stable dynamic characteristic, which is applicable for further sensing applications.Secondly, we demonstrate the PETA tip as an effective sensor to detect humidity. The PETA tip acts as an optical cavity formed between the fiber-core/PETA and the PETA/environment interface, resulting in a clear interferometric signal. The FPI signal of the tip is highly sensitive to humidity in the air. This is due to hydroxyl groups within the PETA structure, which strongly absorb water molecules in the humid air and significantly swell the tip. The length and/or the refractive index of the tip are therefore changed, resulting in a FPI shift. The tip exhibits a consistent sensitivity of 90pm/%RH, equivalent to a relative sensitivity of 104 ppm/%RH in the humidity range from 30 to 80%. The sensing performance is highly reproducible and stable. Furthermore, the cross effect of the temperature is negligible, indicating a great practical potential for the devices.Next, we apply the FPI-based PETA tips to determine the water content in glycerol and ethylene glycol solutions. The FPI signal of the PETA tip shifts nonlinearly towards longer wavelengths as the water content increases from 0 to 100 wt.%. The shift in the FPI signal occurs due to the contraction in the tip length, which is linked to the loss of water inside the PETA structure caused by the hydrophilic solutions. When the water contamination is below 10 wt.%, the tip shows a sensitivity of 394 pm/wt.% and 226 pm/wt.% for glycerol and ethylene glycol solutions, respectively. Therefore, the FPI-based PETA tip shows a great potential in determining water content in hydrophilic aqueous solutions, including hydrocarbons.Finally, a tip consisting of a PETA core and a shell of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is developed for detecting Dansyl-L-phenylalanine. The PETA tip is initially fabricated using the self-guiding polymerization and MIPs are then copolymerized to form a thin shell layer around the PETA tip. Upon the selective binding of Dansyl-L-phenylalanine, the refractive index of the MIP layer changes, leading to the change in the FPI signal of the whole PETA/MIP tip. This straightforward and affordable method offers new innovative possibilities for creating FPI-based MIP fiber optic sensors, which can be applied for a wide range of analytes, including both non-fluorescent and fluorescent targets
Piluso, Pierre. "Développement de nouvelles formulations à base de polymères fonctionnels pour la mise au point de papiers techniques à propriétés spécifiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1090.
Texto completoThis PhD work dealt with the study of the acetalization reaction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in aqueous medium by non-water soluble aldehydes bearing long alkyl chains and a vinyl end group such as 10-undecenal in specific conditions: in 8 wt% concentrated PVA solutions and with low acetalization degree (AD) from 0.33 mol% to 5.6 mol%. The main purpose of this grafting reaction is to obtain an activated surface on water casted polymer films. First, the impact of reactants concentrations, pH and reaction atmosphere on the acetalization kinetics was studied with a model compound first, pentane-2,4-diol, then with PVA. A new 1H NMR titration method allowed to carry out in situ quantification of the amount of reactant and of grafted aldehyde.On main objectives of this work was to obtain the highest DA while keeping PVA solutions viscosity as low as possible to keep a sufficiently low solution viscosity for a solvent cast process. The impact of AD by 10-undecenal on PVA solution organization and on the rheological properties of 8 wt% PVA aqueous solutions were investigated first until 1.85 mol% AD. A surface vinyl groups quantification method was developed through chemical labeling of the vinyl groups at the surface of solvent casted PVA films and 1H NMR titration of the labels. This method allowed the study of vinyl groups orientation toward the surface of acetalized PVA films until 1.48 mol% AD.The influence of PVA molar mass and of aldehyde alkyl chain length on acetalization kinetics and solutions viscosity was also studied. The use of a low molar mass polymer appeared to be an efficient way to obtain highly modified films while keeping a low 8 wt% acetalized PVA solution viscosity
Piluso, Pierre. "Développement de nouvelles formulations à base de polymères fonctionnels pour la mise au point de papiers techniques à propriétés spécifiques". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1090.
Texto completoThis PhD work dealt with the study of the acetalization reaction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in aqueous medium by non-water soluble aldehydes bearing long alkyl chains and a vinyl end group such as 10-undecenal in specific conditions: in 8 wt% concentrated PVA solutions and with low acetalization degree (AD) from 0.33 mol% to 5.6 mol%. The main purpose of this grafting reaction is to obtain an activated surface on water casted polymer films. First, the impact of reactants concentrations, pH and reaction atmosphere on the acetalization kinetics was studied with a model compound first, pentane-2,4-diol, then with PVA. A new 1H NMR titration method allowed to carry out in situ quantification of the amount of reactant and of grafted aldehyde.On main objectives of this work was to obtain the highest DA while keeping PVA solutions viscosity as low as possible to keep a sufficiently low solution viscosity for a solvent cast process. The impact of AD by 10-undecenal on PVA solution organization and on the rheological properties of 8 wt% PVA aqueous solutions were investigated first until 1.85 mol% AD. A surface vinyl groups quantification method was developed through chemical labeling of the vinyl groups at the surface of solvent casted PVA films and 1H NMR titration of the labels. This method allowed the study of vinyl groups orientation toward the surface of acetalized PVA films until 1.48 mol% AD.The influence of PVA molar mass and of aldehyde alkyl chain length on acetalization kinetics and solutions viscosity was also studied. The use of a low molar mass polymer appeared to be an efficient way to obtain highly modified films while keeping a low 8 wt% acetalized PVA solution viscosity
Torri, Niccolò. "Phénomènes de localisation et d’universalité pour des polymères aléatoires". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10114/document.
Texto completoThe pinning model describes the behavior of a Markov chain in interaction with a distinguished state. This interaction can attract or repel the Markov chain path with a force tuned by two parameters, h and β. If β = 0 we obtain the homogeneous pinning model, which is completely solvable. The disordered pinning model, i.e. when β > 0, is most challenging and mathematically interesting. In this case the interaction depends on an external source of randomness, independent of the Markov chain, called disorder. The interaction is realized by perturbing the original Markov chain law via a Gibbs measure, which defines the Pinning Model. Our main aim is to understand the structure of a typical Markov chain path under this new probability measure. The first research topic of this thesis is the pinning model in which the disorder is heavy-tailed and the return times of the Markov chain have a sub-exponential distribution. In our second result we consider a pinning model with a light-tailed disorder and the return times of the Markov chain with a polynomial tail distribution, with exponent α > 0. It is possible to show that there exists a critical point, h(β). Our goal is to understand the behavior of the critical point when β -> 0. The answer depends on the value of α and in the literature there are precise results only for the case α < ½ et α > 1. We show that for α ∈ (1/2, 1) the behavior of the pinning model in the weak disorder limit is universal and the critical point, suitably rescaled, converges to the related quantity of a continuum model
Massines, Françoise. "Mise au point d'une technique ultrasonore pour la caracterisation des polymeres en fonction de la temperature et de la pression". Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30030.
Texto completoBoivin, Mathieu. "Contrôle de la morphologie dans les cellules solaires hybrides polymère-points quantiques colloïdaux". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27761/27761.pdf.
Texto completoGargouri, Myriem. "Mise au point de nanoparticules polycationiques pour le transfert de gènes". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10061/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this study is to develop non-viral delivery systems for DNA. Nanoparticles were prepared by using nanoprecipitation and double emulsion methods. The nanoparticles were characterized physicochemical. Cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of nanoparticles were performed in different cell lines. Cytotoxicity tests based on mitochondrial activity revealed that all type of nanoparticles had limited cytotoxicity, but depending on both the cell type and the nanoparticles concentration. In order to increase transfection efficiency, photochemical internalization was used to improve endosomal release of nanoparticles. All the results revealed the difficulty to elaborate an efficient DNA vector presenting a low cytotoxicity
Leblanc, Jonathan. "Étude et mise au point d'un procédé d'élaboration de mélanges à base de polyamides combinant un pilote de polycondensation et des mélangeurs statiques". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL046N.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is to develop a process, which enables to blend polyamide in molten state with others polymers, directly at the outlet of a polycondensation reactor. Contrary to currently industrial processes, no remelting stage is needed in this one. The study has been carried out with polyamide 66 / polyethylene glycol blends (products with very different viscosities) and with polyamide 66 / ethylene propylene blends (products with similar viscosities), with or without polypropylene-graft-maleic-anhydride as interfacial agent. The first part of this work deals with the characterization of the dispersions obtained for these blends when their elaborations are carried out using conventional processes. Only few studies are available on blends, which exhibit a large difference between components viscosity. This work led us to develop a model to correlate, in this case, the dispersed phase size to the main operating conditions of each processes.The second part is dedicated to the design and the realization of an experimental installation, which is composed of polycondensation plant equipped, at the outlet of reactors, with a blending device based on static mixers technology. Its operation has been tested and experiments have been carried out in order to study the influence of the different processing parameters on blends morphology. The comparison of the results with those previously obtained using conventional processes allowed then to precise the performances and the limits of the process developed in this study
Gerard, Eric-Jack. "Synthese, caracterisation et comportement de polyurethannes hydrophiles : etude du mecanisme de la polycondensation reticulante". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13192.
Texto completoTran, Van-Thanh. "Mise au point de microparticules biodégradables en vue de la libération prolongée d'une protéine". Angers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ANGE0076.
Texto completoBroseta, Daniel. "Demixtion dans les melanges de polymeres en solution". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066287.
Texto completoSikora, Tomasz. "Modélisation et synthèse de polymères électroactifs pour la mise au point de capteurs innovants". Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1277.
Texto completoCottin, Bizonne Le Gall Sophie. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle prothèse vasculaire en polyester imprégnée d'une matrice synthétique biodégradable". Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0518.
Texto completoDécriaud-Calmon, Anne. "Évaluation objective de la biodégradabilité des matériaux polymères : mise au point d'une méthode et d'un dispositif instrumental". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT011C.
Texto completoMestiri-Islasse, Martine. "Implants polymères de cisplatine : mise au point galénique et étude pharmacocinétique expérimentale". Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114813.
Texto completoCharbonneau, Micaël. "Etude et développement de points mémoires résistifs polymères pour les architectures Cross-Bar". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT116/document.
Texto completoOver the past decade, non-volatile Flash storage technologies have played a major role in the development of mobile electronics and multimedia (MP3, Smartphone, USB, ultraportable computers ...). To further enhance performances, increase the capacity and reduce manufacturing costs, new technological solutions are now studied to provide complementary solutions or replace Flash technology. Cited by ITRS, the polymer resistive memories present very promising characteristics: low cost processing and ability for integration at high densities above CMOS interconnections or on flexible substrate. This PhD specifically focused on the development and study of composite material made of Poly-Methyl-Methacrylate (PMMA) polymer resist doped with C60 fullerene molecules. Studies were carried out on three different axes in parallel: Composite materials development & characterization, integration of the organic material in specific test structure and advanced devices and finally detailed electrical characterization of memory cells and performances analysis
Sannier, Lucas. "Mise au point d'un électrolyte gélifié pour accumulateurs au lithium fonctionnant à température ambiante". Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0311.
Texto completoBouillard, Jean-Sébastien. "Microscopie en champ proche optique à base de micro pointes optiques en polymère : développement et applications". Troyes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TROY0005.
Texto completoAfter classifying the various probes used in near field optics, we present a new polymer probe for field optics microscopy. We describe its fabrication and its major optical characteristics and then present the improvements that can be made to those probes in order to enhance their resolution. In order to use those new probes, we developed a scanning near field optical microscope (SNOM) using a regulation system based on a quartz tuning fork. We present the experimental apparatus concentrating ourselves on the development of the regulation system. We then expose some chosen results obtained with the polymer probes. We thus present two luminescence studies : a study of a nanostructured luminescent sample which allowed us to determine the resolution of the probe used, and a study on the luminescence of optically nanostructured porous silicon. Next we present results obtained on guided optics and optoelectronics samples : a mode study on a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), and a new method for mapping the refractive index inside a guiding structure, and finally we observe modes propagating through an optical waveguide which allowed us to test yet another aspect of the polymer probes. Lastly, we present a study of the coupling between fluorophores and metal nanoparticles
Longieras, Antoine. "Mise au point d'un milieu solide inerte pour l'étude de la biodégradation des polymères dans le compost". Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000336.pdf.
Texto completoThe purpose of our research was to set up a vermiculite based inert solid medium which allows us to enhance reproductibility of biodegradation tests in compost, to simulate degradation of materials in compost and to establish carbon balance. In a first step, wheat starch has been used as a model biodegradable polymer and we have shown that degradation of this product in an inert solid medium was similar to the degradation in compost. A carbon balance has been established with a satisfactory accuracy. In a second step, we have applied the method to the degradation of synthetic biodegradable polymer such as PLA of PHB. A carbon extraction protocol based on PLA hydrolysis in NaOH has been proposed and we have followed the evolution of the various terms of the PLA degradation carbon balance, Biomass, carbon dioxide, soluble by-products and remaining polymer. A different protocol has been proposed of PHB based on biomass oxidation but it still needs some improvement. This work constitutes a first approach in polymer inert solid media degradation tests and it highlights the fundamental steps which further work should be focused on
Barichard, Anne. "Enregistrement et analyses physico-chimiques de réseaux dans des matériaux composites polymères-points quantiques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28504/28504.pdf.
Texto completoGuatarbes, Bertrand. "Mise au point d'un nanorhéomètre : Application à l'étude du confinement de polymères adsorbés ou greffés sur une surface inorganique". Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3046.
Texto completoConformation and dynamic of macromolecules in contact with a surface are fundamental to understand macroscopic behaviour. Theoric models are proposed to explain this conformation and static and dynamic forces but their validation needs specialised instrumental apparatus. To characterise dynamic behaviour of this interface, The laboratory used a commercial nanoindenter to transform it as a surface force apparatus which allows the mechanical spectrometry of a confined fluid. This nanorheometer can then characterise adhesion or hydrodynamic forces. The development of the technic was done studying behaviour of three adsorbed melted polymer and two grafted surfacest of poly-n-butylacrylate synthesised at the laboratory. These characterisations are the beginning of grafted polymer study. Some resuts about the dynamics of a viscoelastic fluid were shown: change in the molecular mobility, elastic increased with the interpenetration of the macromolecules in contact with the surface, and slippage of the macromolecule at the interface because of the increased of the applied stress. Comparisons with older experimental or theoric studies will be done
Ginsburger, Emmanuel. "Définition et mise au point d'une méthodologie pour l'extrapolation de procédés de copolymérisation en émulsion". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL045N.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is the definition and the improvement of a method for the industrial scale up of emulsion polymerization. These materials are prepared by a semi-batch process in different stages in order to obtain a Core/Shell morphology. According to the process parameters used, the obtained products can reach different end-use properties. After a detailed review of the literature available on emulsion polymerization mechanisms and polymer behavior in paint formulation, the first part of the work deals with the kinetic study of two semi-batch industrial polymerizations and the analysis of the influence of the main process key parameters (reaction temperature and feedings rate) on the end use properties of the latex. The second part is dedicated to the development of an industrial recipe. First, a chemical formulation and a type of process are chosen. Then, the concemed process is modeled. The model predicts satisfactorily conversion, average molecular weights, particles sizes and concentrations as a function of operating conditions (emulsifier, initiator and monomer concentrations). Key parameters of the model are identified on the basis of batch experimental data in order to describe the overall kinetic sketch of emulsion polymerization. The model is then used as a simulator and is integrated in a multicriteria optimization procedure in order to master the quality of the product. The decision aid problem consists in obtaining the best tradeoff as possible from ali fixed objectives. The multicriteria optimization technique is elaborated from a haploid genetic algorithm. In fact, the final results will be a multivariable trajectory, optimized in a multicriteria sense, which will be later used for the predictive control of the process
Granel, Catherine. "Etude et caractérisation des interfaces entre différents polymères pour la mise au point d'un nouveau procédé de gainage des fibres optiques polymères". Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30192.
Texto completoLee, Chih-Wen. "Étude des propriétés optiques et électriques des nanocomposites polymères pour les diodes électroluminescentes organiques". Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2019.
Texto completoHybrid nanocomposites have been investigated in this research work in order to examine the possibility to enhance the performance of organic devices in stability and in efficiency and to understand the physical processes induced by the inorganic part in the polymer matrix. The first realization was carried out with composites made of phenylenevinylene (PPV) derivatives and CdSe(ZnS) core/ shell nanocrystals. It was demonstrated that the brightness and yield of devices using the nanocomposites were strongly increased as compared to those obtained in devices using the polymer alone. Next, the role of the nanocrystals was studied by performing the measurements of trap states introduced in composite films. To easily compare the results with those reported in the literature, the polymer used here was poly[2-methoxy-5(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene](MEH-PPV) and the studied composite was (MEH-PPV+ CdSe(ZnS)). It was found that the enhancement of the performance of devices using the composites is in part, associated to the decrease in the trap density of the polymer. Finally, investigations of trap formation in composites were extended to polymer systems composed of 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-(1,3,4-oxadiazole) (PBD) and poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and containing phosphorescent-metal complex. It was demonstrated that incorporation of complex caused the suppression of existing defects in the polymer blend and introduced new traps. In all systems investigated, the devices using nanocomposites showed significant improvement of their electroluminescent performance. The doping seems to affect the transport process by reducing the trap density of the polymer
Verrecchia, Thierry. "Mise au point et caractérisation immunochimique de nanoparticules de poly(acide lactique) associées à la serum albumine humaine". Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114810.
Texto completoAbbas, Laurent. "Mise au point d'un procédé de réticulation retardée de polymères après mise en forme : Systèmes dormants par vectorisation". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/ABBAS_Laurent_2006.pdf.
Texto completoThe subject of this work is the developing of a new crosslinking process of a functionalized polyolefin matrix. This process is called “sleeping systems through vectorization” and is based on the competition between a reaction and diffusion kinetic. This competition is obtained with the temporarily trapping of one of the system constituents in particles named vectors. The latter particles can be envisioned as tanks that provide the controlled liberation of the trapped specie. The two main objectives of this study were to obtain: a limited crosslinking reaction at the end of the melt processing stage at high temperature a fully crosslinked material at moderate temperature after melt processing Several vectors have been tested according to their nature (mineral or organic) and their capacity of trapping/releasing the crosslinker. We show that using particles of polyamide 12 the formation of a macroscopic gel can be avoided during the processing time at high temperature. Besides the material is almost fully crosslinked after hundreds hours at 40°C. In parallel of the experimental study we proposed a numerical model to describe the crosslinking reaction. Using the model, we show that the final structure of the crosslinked material depends on the competition between the reaction and the diffusion kinetic. As a part of the work a new mixer has been developed to answer most of the problems of the existing laboratory scale mixers. This device offers a high distributive and dispersive mixing efficiency and presents in addition important technical features like water-airtightness, possibility of the direct molding of specimens after mixing and easy handling of reactive systems
Baran, Katia. "Fractionnement et caractérisation des polymères par chromatographie liquide au point de transition exclusion-adsorption". Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10632.
Texto completoFleury, Guillaume. "Des polyrotaxanes de haute masse moléculaire au réseau topologique : Les gels à points de réticulation glissants". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/FLEURY_Guillaume_2005.pdf.
Texto completoA new class of supramolecular networks, where the crosslink points are not fixed but sliding, has been recently proposed and developed by Okumura and Ito. Their structure is based on intermoleculary crosslinked α-cyclodextrins / poly(ethylene-glycol) precursor polyrotaxanes. The intermolecular crosslinking between the polyrotaxane precursors leads to the formation of a supramolecular sliding network, the sliding gel. These specific networks are synthesized in two main steps: i) the formation of polyrotaxane precursors where the macrocycles are threaded along a template polymer chain; ii) the intermolecular crosslinking of some macrocycles. The sliding gels are expected to have very unusual physical / mechanical properties due to the theoretical ability of the crosslink points to slide along the polymer chain. The aim of this PhD work is to have more insight into the original properties of the sliding gels. For this purpose a controlled synthesis of the topological networks have been carried out and leads to a control of the complexation degree of the polyrotaxanes and of the crosslinking density of the topological network. The characterization of the sliding gels was carried out In order to explain the structure / properties relationships and to highlight on the sliding motion of the crosslink points. In particular the viscoelastic behaviour of the sliding gels in DMSO at low frequencies has revealed all the potential of the sliding crosslink points and underlines the high ability to relax with very low viscous dissipation of this material
Bancelin, Mélanie. "Mise au point et étude du comportement d’un séparateur innovant pour batterie lithium-ion à électrode négative à conversion". Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0102.
Texto completoThis thesis carried out in collaboration with EDF R&D, relates to the development of an original separator for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries involving conversion reaction, for an application in electric vehicles. The originality of this separator is that it is deposited on the negative electrode of the battery by a cataphoretic electrocoating, which allows the coating of a metal surface with a polymer in aqueous solution. The first stage is focused on the adjustment of the coating conditions in order to define those which make it possible to form an insulating polymer film while having the finest possible thickness, and which is chemically stable in the electrolyte. At the same time, the rate of reticulation allowing the polymer to become soaked with the electrolyte by forming a gel was identified. The second stage refers to the evolution of the ionic resistance of the polymer soaked with electrolyte during its impregnation. This study carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), also shows the influence of the rate of reticulation and of the initial thickness of the polymer on the value of its ionic resistance. In parallel, the thickness of the soaked polymer was determined by profilometry, which, combined with the value of ionic resistance, finally enables to calculate the ionic conductivity of the gel. Finally, the last stage is devoted to the assembly of the polymer film as a separator in a rechargeable coin cell. The cycling results of this cell were studied on 50 cycles and were compared with those of a cell containing a commercial separator
Vecchiola, Aymeric. "Développement d’une imagerie de résistance électrique locale par AFM à pointe conductrice en mode contact intermittent". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112058/document.
Texto completoThe atomic force microscope (AFM) allows to characterize with excellent spatial resolution samples of different types of surfaces and can be implemented in various environments. This versatility has encouraged the development of a large number of derivative technics, intended to investigate various local physical properties. The LGEP thus achieved a module, the Résiscope, capable of measuring the local electrical resistance on the surface of a sample polarized continuously, on a range of 11 decades. Developed in contact mode, where the tip continuously exerts a force on the sample, this technic works well on hard materials, but finds its limits on soft or fragile samples since under certain conditions, the tip can alter the surface. For such samples, an intermittent contact mode, in which the tip comes at regular intervals touch very briefly the surface, is more appropriate, but complicates the achievement of electrical measurements. The aim of this thesis was to overcome this difficulty by changing the Résiscope to be able to join the "Pulsed Force Mode", intermittent mode where the tip oscillates at a frequency of 100Hz to 2000Hz. Different hardware and software changes have been made to permit the detailed temporal monitoring of the electrical resistance signal to each make / break contact (necessary to review the phenomena related to intermittency), as well as to be able to work in acceptable scan speeds. For imaging, the best contrasts were obtained through an electronic timing and treatment taking into account the electrical resistance values at specific times.To test this new system, we have initially compared resistance and deflection curves we get by this mode with those considered classically in the force-distance curves mode. We then investigated the influence of main parameters (frequency and amplitude of oscillation, setpoint, coating of the tips, etc.) on the topographical and electrical measurements, using the HOPG as reference material. These tests resulted to highlight a nearly systematic delay of the electrical signal relative to the deflection signal (other than the Resiscope measure time), which we were not able to elucidate the origin. Once these knowledge acquired, we studied two types of organic samples, one in academic nature - Self-Assembled Monolayers of alkanethiols (SAMs), the other more applicative purpose – formed of thin layers of an interpenetrating network of two components (P3HT:PCBM) for photovoltaic cells. In both cases we have shown the relevance of the Resiscope tool in intermittent mode to obtain qualitative and quantitative information. In addition to these work on fragile materials, we conducted an annex study on a phenomenon of growth material of insulating nature found in special conditions on various hard materials, which has been interpreted as the friction polymer formation as a result of repeatedly nano-sliding associated with the deflection of the cantilever. These investigations were conducted under a CIFRE agreement with the Concept Scientific Instruments company, backed by the ANR MELAMIN» (P2N 2011) project
Cosco, Clément. "Polymères dirigés et équation KPZ". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC037.
Texto completoThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the links between directed polymers in random environment, the stochastic heat equation with multiplicative noise (SHE) and the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation (KPZ), under different space dimensions. In dimension d= 1, the KPZ equation and the SHE equation belong to a particular class of models which feature non-standard scaling coefficients and non-standard scaling limits. This class is called the KPZ universality class. It is possible to prove that some specific polymer models, which are called exactly solvable models, belong to this class, but one of the open problems in this field is to show that this result should be universal, that is that polymer models should belong to the KPZ universality class for very general types of environment. Nevertheless, one can prove that under a scaling limit, the point-to-point partition function of general polymer models converges towards the solution of the SHE equation, which can be seen as a weak universality result for the polymer models. In higher space dimension, it is not clear whether the KPZ and SHE equations should be well-posed. In order to study these equations in higher dimension, we will consider them with a noise that is be regularized in space (in this case, the solutions of the equations are well-defined) and try to look at the limiting behaviour of the solutions when the regularization is removed. It turns out that for a certain choice of parameters, the solutions of the regularized equations are linked to the partition functions of a directed polymer model, and one can use standard polymer techniques to study the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions
Kadermani, Mohamed Munir. "Electrical-static discharge in single point diamond turning machining of contact lens polymers". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4055.
Texto completoLe, Ray Anne-Marie. "Mise au point d'un polymere d'acide (d,l) lactique marque au carbone 14 destine a l'etude de distribution de nanoparticules polymeres apres administration par voies intraveineuse et orale chez la souris". Angers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ANGE0502.
Texto completoSabiri, Noura. "Caractérisation du toucher des surfaces polymères, essais de corrélation entre analyse sensorielle : Mise au point d'un matériau à toucher "soft"". Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0624.
Texto completoAux différents cirtères tels que durabilité et confort, toujours pris en compte pour l'achat d'un véhicule, viennent maintenant s'ajouter des critères dedimensions sensorielles comme l'odorat et le toucher. C'est sur l'évlauation de ce dernier cirtère qu'a porté notre étude. Les matières plastiques étant largement utilisées dans l'habitacle automomobile, c'est à leur toucher quue nous nous intéressons particulièrement. Actuellement, seule l'analyse sensorielle permet de carctériser le toucher, mais cette analyse est particulièrement difficile à mettre en oeuvre. C'est pourquoi, nous essayons d'évaluer le toucher à l'aide de mesures physiques adaptées telles que des essais de frottement et de rugosité. La première partie de ce travail consiste tout d'abord à s'assurer de la fiabilité des résultats de l'analyse sensorielle en se basabt sur des critères précis (répétabilité, cohérence, finesse d'analyse), Nous déterminons ensuite le coefficient de frottement et la rugisité de surface d'échantillons variés. Cette étude est précédée par une démarche statistique ayant pour but d'étudier la fiabilité de processus de mesure. Puis, nous essayons d'établir une corrélation entre les résultats de l'analyse sensorielle pour les descripteurs "Glissant" et "Râpeux" et les résultats de mesures physiques associées. Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons une étude sur l'amélioration du toucher des matériaux à bas de polypropylène utilisés dabs les piéces d'intérieur automobile. L'objectif est ici d'obtenir un matériau à toucher "soft" pour remplacer des pièces revêtues de peinture "soft", tout en gardant les propriétés mécaniques exigées par le cahier des charges
Tabellout, Mohamed. "Mise au point et application d'une spectroscopie ultrasonore par F. F. T. à l'étude de la croissance de réseaux macromoléculaires et de gels". Le Mans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LEMA1002.
Texto completoVenkatraman, Sushmita. "COMMERCIALIZATION OF MOLECULAR IMPRESSION POLYMERS AS A DIAGNOSTIC KIT AT POINT OF CARE". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1308243382.
Texto completoPlumail, Elisabeth. "Mise au point de comprimés matriciels hydrophiles d'un principe actif facilement soluble/ Elisabeth Plumail". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P052.
Texto completoPorcar, Lionel. "Incorporation de polymères organiques dans une phase lamellaire lyotrope : structures et comportements de phases". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20248.
Texto completoFerey, Ludivine. "Mise au point d'un microsystème électrophorétique pour l'analyse des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les huiles alimentaires". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01057098.
Texto completoYazigi, Mouaffack. "Mise au point d'une forme solide à libération modifiée par compression directe : étude d'un polymère acrylique : le carbopol 934PH6". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO1W031.
Texto completoCourbon, Frédéric. "Dosimétrie par gel de polymères : évaluation de la précision dans un environnement clinique et mise au point d'un modèle expérimental pour la dosimétrie de sources non scellées d'iode 131". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30065.
Texto completoMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows to measure in the 3 dimensions the dose delivered to irradiated polymer gels. This information would be very useful to improve either the accuracy of non-sealed sources dosimetry (NSSD) or quantitative scintigraphy. To our knowledge MRI gel dosimetry is mainly carried out by research units and its usefulness for NSSD has to be established. The aim of our study is to assess the accuracy of gel dosimetry in a clinical environment (imported gel, restricted access to a clinical MRI, data analysis without dedicated software) and to find a way to use this kind of gel for NSSD. For this purpose we analyse the reproducibility of R2 measurements depending on the size of the voxel, the position of the gel inside the coil and the methods used to calculate relaxation times. The accuracy of our measurement is in good acceptance with literature except in cases of low relaxation times (i. E. High doses) and high dose gradient deposition. .
Maurin, Olivier. "Résines photosensibles pour microlithographie développables par plasma oxygène : (étude et mise au point)". Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20063.
Texto completoMontagné, Marielle. "Mise au point de biocapteurs ampérométriques à enzymes pour le contrôle des procédés". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30216.
Texto completoRousseau, Cécile. "Mise au point de nouveaux matériaux collagéniques réticulés : évaluation de leur biocompatibilité in vitro et in vivo : application à la prévention des adhérences postopératoires". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10024.
Texto completoFialeix, Gilles. "Mise au point d'un protocole expérimental de caractérisation du comportement en cisaillement de matériaux composites et polymères". Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2361.
Texto completoSimons, Michael Joseph. "Hydrophobically Modified Polyethyleneimines and Ethoxylated Polyethyleneimines". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1189110519.
Texto completoGrima, Sophie. "Biodégradation de matériaux polymères à usage agricole : étude et mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode de test, analyse des produits de dégradation et impact environnemental". Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT028G.
Texto completoTabatabaeian, Nimavardi Ali. "Validation and applications of the material point method". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39569.
Texto completoKloul, Marzouk. "Contribution à la mise au point de méthodes de contrôle et de caractérisation de guides d'ondes composites silicium poreux et silice poreuse / molécules organiques à propriétés optiques non linéaires". Le Mans, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1028.pdf.
Texto completoLoibl, Marc. "Contribution à l'étude des alliages de polymères transparents et résistant au choc à base de poly(méthacrylate de métyle) : mise au point des techniques de préparation de latex multicouches". Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0005.
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