Tesis: "Pluralismo globale"

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Barros, Filho Mario Thadeu Leme de. "Sociedade civil global e a construção dos direitos humanos". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8221.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This thesis aims to analyze the role of the global civil society before the international institutions for the construction of the human rights, comprehended as intercultural. It will defend that, in the legal pluralistic universe, the human rights must be conceived by an intercultural paradigm, in order to overcome the debate about cultural universalism vs. relativism. Firstly, it aims to understand how a new theory of law, which allows the participation of new actors in the global scenario, can present itself as counter-hegemonic. Then, it will try to observe in which moment and in which political context the concept of global civil society starts to appear more frequently, with a view of identifying the historical conditions that enabled the creation and reproduction of different speeches on it. Finally, after having presented the thesis on interculturalism, it will highlight the relevant aspects connected to the participation of the civil society before the United Nations, bringing the empirical experience of the Committee on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women
Este trabalho objetiva analisar o papel da chamada sociedade civil global nas instituições internacionais para a construção dos direitos humanos interculturalmente compreendidos. Defenderá que, dentro do universo do pluralismo jurídico, os direitos humanos devem ser concebidos através de um paradigma intercultural, a fim de superar o debate universalismo x relativismo cultural. Em primeiro lugar, visará entender em que sentido uma nova concepção de direito, que permita a participação de novos atores no cenário mundial, poderá se apresentar como contra-hegemônica. Em seguida, procurará observar em que momento e em que contexto político o conceito de sociedade civil global começa a surgir com mais freqüência, almejando identificar as condições históricas que possibilitaram a criação e a reprodução de diferentes discursos a seu respeito. Por fim, após apresentar as teses do interculturalismo, traçará um quadro sobre aspectos relevantes ligados à participação da sociedade civil na Organização das Nações Unidas, trazendo como estudo de caso a experiência empírica do Comitê da Convenção Sobre a Eliminação de todas as formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher

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Perez, Oren. "Ecological sensitivity and global legal pluralism : rethinking the trade and environment debate". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251644.

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Machado, Kleber de Oliveira. "A hipótese pluralista de John Hick: pressupostos filosóficos e teológicos da visão fundamental Hickiana". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2521.

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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
This essay analyses the most important thesis of the pluralist theologian John Hick. It gives special attention to the ground books: The metaphor of God incarnate, An interpretation of religion, Death and eternal life. In the first book, he reformulates the incarnation doctrine to turn the pluralist hypothesis possible. In the second, he introduces his pluralist hypothesis that all religions are valid responses to the Real or Ultimate Reality. And in the third, which is his global theological work, he searches to build up what would be a pareschatology embracing the pluralist hypothesis. Finally, the essay seeks to demonstrate the inconsistency of Hick‟s Kantian epistemological grounds. It also presents the strong consequences that the revisionist project and the global theology have to Christian theology. It shows that the revisionist task, which has been proposed by Hick, empties the meaning of Christian theology. Therefore, it does not consider it as an authentic response to the Real, what invalids Hick's pluralist hypothesis.
Esta dissertação analisa as principais teses do teólogo pluralista John Hick. Dá-se especial atenção aos livros que as fundamentam: A Metáfora do Deus Encarnado, An Interpretation of Religion e Death and Eternal Life. No primeiro livro, ele reformula a doutrina da encarnação para tornar a hipótese pluralista possível. No segundo, ele apresenta sua hipótese pluralista de que todas as religiões são respostas válidas ao Real ou Realidade Última. E no terceiro, o qual é seu trabalho de teologia global, ele busca construir o que seria uma parescatologia que mantenha a hipótese pluralista. Finalmente, a dissertação procura demonstrar a inconsistência da base epistemológica kantiana de Hick. Demonstra também as profundas conseqüências que o projeto revisionista e a teologia global têm sobre a teologia cristã. Apresenta que a tarefa revisionista que tem sido proposta por Hick, esvazia o significado da teologia cristã. Por conseguinte, não a considera como uma resposta autêntica ao Real, o que invalida a hipótese pluralista de Hick.

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Hoover, Joseph. "Reconstructing human rights : a pragmatic and pluralist inquiry in global ethics". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/329/.

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This work sets out to critically reconstruct human rights as both an ethical ideal and a political practice. I critique conventional moral justifications of human rights and the related role they play in legitimating political authority, arguing that the pluralism and political content of human rights cannot be eliminated. I reconstruct the relationship between ethics and politics through an engagement with pragmatist and pluralist moral theory, which I then develop into a democratising account of human rights by incorporating work on agonistic democracy. The resulting view of human rights is situated and agonistic, seeing the act of claiming human rights as a political act that makes demands on the social order in the name of a particular ethical ideal. Rather than seeing the political act of claiming rights as undermining human rights as universal moral principles, it becomes essential to global ethics as such. The international political aspect of rights is then examined by looking to the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in historical context, and contrasting human rights practice as expressed in popular social movements with conventional state-centric and legalist accounts. In the end the defence of human rights that is offered aims to preserve the transformative power of human rights claims, their democratising content, while undermining their totalising tendency, in which a singular conception of humanity provides certain moral principles to legitimate political authority.

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Deva, Sagar. "Searching for order in chaos : a pluralist critique of global constitutionalism". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21284/.

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It is clear today that the problems faced by the international community are truly ‘global’ in scale and require collective action well beyond the level of the nation-state. As a result of this, many contemporary scholars have turned to the idea of global constitutionalism as a potential panacea to these global issues, seeking to extrapolate the benefits of the constitution into the international system in order to harness globalisations more beneficial qualities while ameliorating its more dangerous traits. This thesis will address these ‘global constitutionalist’ arguments with a particular focus on global pluralism. It will suggest that the ‘mainstream’ global constitutionalist arguments are likely to fail in their mission of attaining the benefits of constitutionalism at the international level for two key reasons. Firstly, the visions of global constitutionalism offered by these global constitutionalists tend to be ‘partial’ in nature and underplay the importance of constitutionalism as a holistic phenomenon comprised of a symbiosis of normative and empirical characteristics, which, if unbound, fail to legitimate and control government in the desired fashion. Secondly, such visions fail to sufficiently account for the specific nature of global legal pluralism, which is driven in part by processes of fragmentation, undermining the potentiality for any form of coherent global constitutionalism which could span the entirety of the international system. Nonetheless, in the face of these hurdles, it will be argued that the international system might still possess certain structural elements that can render a modest form of ‘constitutional pluralism’. Consequently, although critical of more utopian notions of global constitutionalism because of insufficient engagement with the full spectrum nature of ‘constitutionalism’ as well as insufficient engagement with global pluralism, this thesis will suggest that constitutionalism might still have value as a useful tool for evaluating and improving governance in the global sphere.

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Foran, Brenda J. "Medical pluralism and global health policy : the integration of traditional medicine in health care systems". Thesis, View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/25358.

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This research explores the international evolution of the policy of integration (formalisation) of traditional medicine in health care systems. This concept first arose on the policy agenda of the World Health Organisation in the 1970s and then re-emerged in 2002 (with alternative and complementary medicines). The history of this policy at the global level and its transfer to national levels over this period is analysed, via the content, scope and outcomes of policy and programme documents. This analysis emphasises the roles of context and stakeholders (specifically interest groups). The context in terms of the economic, political and social environment surrounding the development of the policy is considered, and held to offer a potential explanation as to how and why the policy agenda on integration was set and the manner in which programmes were formulated and implemented. Interest group interaction (competition for resources) is concluded to play a key role in explaining the development of this policy on an international level, and its problematic transfer to national levels. A case study of Sri Lanka explores national level implementation in greater detail. An analytical framework to analyse the development and implementation of this policy has been created, from a synthesis of anthropological and political science tools. The combination of several theories into an analytical framework allows this policy issue to be understood as an intrinsically political exercise that has been stimulated by global social and economic forces. The analytical framework developed offers another tool for the analysis and consequent understanding of the health policy process and thus may have relevance beyond the health policy issue of integration.

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Foran, Brenda J. "Medical pluralism and global health policy the integration of traditional medicine in health care systems /". View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/25358.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2007.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Social Justice and Social Change Research Centre in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Social Policy). Includes bibliographies.

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Scherer, Gabriele. "Das internationale Privatrecht als globales System". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15352.

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Diese Arbeit hat die Frage zum Gegenstand, innerhalb welchen konzeptionellen Rahmens das internationale Privatrecht (IPR) sich angesichts moderner Entwicklungen bewegen sollte. Das „klassische“ IPR geht von Recht als einem zwangsläufig staatlich gesetzten Phänomen aus, weswegen sich internationalprivatrechtliche Systeme bislang nur innerhalb der Grenzen der jeweiligen nationalen Rechtssysteme denken ließen. Die Entwicklungen der letzten Jahrzehnte zeigen jedoch, dass die soziale Realität mehr und mehr staatlich-territorialen Festlegungen entwächst und sich stattdessen funktionell ausdifferenzierte Sektoren herausbilden, für die Landesgrenzen keine Relevanz mehr besitzen. In einer globalisierten Welt, so die Argumentation dieser Abhandlung, entsteht globaler Regulierungsbedarf außerhalb der traditionellen staatlichen Rechtssysteme. Um diesem Bedarf adäquat zu begegnen, muss das IPR als übergreifendes System gedacht werden, innerhalb dessen den einzelnen Staaten lediglich die Rolle unselbständiger Subsysteme zukommt. Die Auswirkungen dieser neuen Sichtweise werden anhand des Problems der Anwendung „fremden“ Rechts untersucht.
This thesis addresses the question of what conceptual framework is adequate for private international law in the light of modern developments. “Classic” private international law conceives of “the Law” as necessarily being issued by a state entity, as a consequence of which systems of private international law so far have been conceptually limited to the realm of national law systems. The developments of recent decades, however, show that social reality transcends governmental and territorial determinations with the creation of functionally differentiated sectors regardless of territorial boundaries. According to my argumentation, globalization entails global regulation necessities outside of the traditional national systems of law. In order to adequately meet the requirements of this new reality, private international law should be conceived of as an overarching system which comprises the national systems as mere subsystems. The consequences of this new perspective are being analyzed with regard to the problem of the application of "foreign" law.

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Benarfa, Olfa. "Minorité dominante et construction identitaire : L’interaction des modes de consommation locaux, étrangers et globaux. Le cas de la commensalité au Qatar". Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1054.

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En s’appuyant sur les théories du multiculturalisme et des intentions identitaires, et en tenant compte des limites des études sur les minorités ethniques qui ont été menées exclusivement dans des contextes occidentaux et qui ne permettent donc pas une généralisation théorique, cette thèse est une première tentative d’étudier les projets identitaires dans un contexte non-occidental, qui est l’état du Qatar. La présente recherche offre une perspective originale et unique sur l’étude des minorités en se focalisant sur le groupe d’accueil qui constitue ici le groupe minoritaire dominant culturellement. Les recherches passées se sont surtout penchées sur des situations opposées où les minorités sont principalement des immigrants qui sont culturellement dominés par une majorité d’accueil. Vu la nature collectiviste de la culture qatari et l’importance symbolique de l’expression identitaire dans la consommation alimentaire, le choix se porte sur l’étude de la commensalité en tant que prisme d’expression symbolique des projets identitaires des consommateurs. Ce champ d’étude constitue une autre des originalités et des apports de ce travail.Cette recherche mobilise plusieurs méthodes qualitatives et ethnographiques (les entretiens en profondeur, les focus groupes, la netnographie, la technique de photo élicitation, l’observation, les techniques projectives, etc.), ainsi qu’une nouvelle méthode qualitative empruntée à la discipline de la psychanalyse. Cette nouvelle technique est une réponse aux appels des spécialistes postcoloniaux à repenser l’utilisation des méthodes ethnographiques occidentales pour les communautés non occidentales. Le processus de mise en œuvre ainsi que les avantages et les limites de cette nouvelle technique sont également discutés.Les analyses suivent la logique de la phénoménologie et des approches herméneutiques, et les résultats montrent que la commensalité en tant que pratique culturelle et symbolique conduit au développement et à l’expression de différents projets identitaires que la littérature n’avait pas encore identifié. Les résultats ont également révélé que les consommateurs négocient continuellement entre des trajectoires identitaires concurrentes et parfois conflictuelles. Le but pour eux est de réussir à exprimer et à réduire une dissonance interne. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans la continuité des travaux de Oswald et de sa métaphore de l’oscillation identitaire, ainsi que de ceux d’Askegaard et ses collègues et leur métaphore du pendule oscillant. En effet, ce travail montre que les informants, non seulement oscillent entre différents projets identitaires où ils expérimentent une diversité d’intentions identitaires personnelles, mais se retrouvent très régulièrement autour d’une identité groupale commune et partagée dans le temps et dans l’espace où les projets identitaires personnels sont mis au second plan. L’auteur appelle cette dynamique identitaire le mouvement de l’accordéon pour rendre compte du mouvement élastique de dilatation vers des intentions identitaires multiples, puis de contracture vers une identité partagée traditionnelle et non négociée. Le mouvement de l’accordéon pourrait expliquer comment la société Qatarie réussi à rester unie malgré sa caractéristique minoritaire et comment les Qataris absorbent les codes culturels nouveaux en ayant le sentiment de ne pas mettre en danger leur cohésion culturelle
Drawing on multicultural and identity theories and based on a critique of studies on ethnic minorities that are exclusively conducted in Western contexts and do not allow for a theoretical consensus, this thesis is an initial attempt to investigate identity projects in a non-Western context, which is the state of Qatar. The current research offers an original and unique perspective on studying minorities by focusing on the local dominant minority group rather than the opposite classic situation where minorities are mainly immigrants who are dominated by a local majority group. Given the collectivistic nature of this context and the centrality of identity in food consumption, this research uses a very unique and an under-researched area of consumption, which is commensality, as a framework to study the symbolic meaning of this dimension and its impact on consumers’ identity negotiation and intentions.The current study uses several qualitative and ethnographic methods (e.g. semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus groups, netnography, photo elicitation, observation, projective techniques, etc.), as well as a new qualitative method borrowed from the psychoanalysis discipline. This technique comes as a response to postcolonial scholars’ calls for rethinking the use of Western ethnographic methods for non-Western communities. The implementation process and the advantages and limitations of this new technique are also discussed.Analyses follow the logic of phenomenology and hermeneutic approaches, and findings show that commensality as a cultural and symbolic practice led to the development and expression of different new identity projects that were not found in previous studies on minorities, and which depend on the contextual, historical and cultural forces. Results also reveal that consumers are continuously negotiating conflicting and competing trajectories of identities with the aim of reducing internal dissonance. Another interesting result emerges and expends Oswald’s idea of identity oscillation and Asckegaard et al.’s metaphor of the oscillating pendulum: it is a dynamic that the author named “the accordion movement”, where individuals not only oscillate between different identity projects, but they scatter and spread out in different directions where each has his/her own personal identity intentions, however they all meet at a common ground in favour of the group identity while putting on hold their personal identities. This elastic movement is akin to the accordion instrument expanding and contracting, and could explain how the Qatari society still manage to remain united despite their minority status, and how Qataris embrace and adopt new cultural codes without harming their cultural cohesion

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Rodriguez, Valdes Hector. "Transhumanism, our pluralist moral duties to the poor and how to effectively address global poverty". Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/11277.

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Prominent transhumanists Julian Savulescu, Ingmar Persson, and Thomas Douglas argue that moral enhancement could solve global poverty. They argue that by engineering individuals with better moral dispositions, they will have better motives, and therefore the will to act more morally. These morally enhanced individuals will more effectively discharge their duties regarding global poverty, thus leading to more rapid poverty alleviation. In this paper I will present an account of the moral duties wealthy individuals hold to the global poor. These moral duties are not singular (either to do no harm or to provide assistance), but rather are complex and pluralist, and dependent on the position of the agent with regards to the global poor. Further, I will argue that the moral enhancement some transhumanists are envisioning to alleviate poverty fails to recognize the pluralist duties wealthy individuals have regarding poverty alleviation. In fact, moral enhancement would be counterproductive by virtue of i) failing to recognize our various moral reasons to alleviate global poverty ii) failing to allow individuals to evaluate their moral duties to others, therefore to effectively discharge them, and iii) that failing to recognize i) & ii) would bring about morally undesirable consequences; ineffective poverty alleviation and enhanced-individuals’ loss of autonomy. Therefore, even if we grant that individuals have only one reason to alleviate global poverty, it is not clear how moral enhancement can effectively address global poverty, since poverty alleviation is an issue that requires political, economic and institutional action. In the first section of this thesis I will review transhumanism, specifically the "moral enhancement"(ME) proposition. In the second section I will present my pluralist account of the moral duties affluent individuals have to the poor. In the third section, I will analyse the transhumanist's proposal to alleviate global poverty via moral enhancement, and I will contrast their argument with my pluralist account of moral duties in order to determine if ME will achieve poverty reduction.

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Cebulak, Pola. "Judicial activism of the Court of Justice of the EU in the pluralist architecture of global law". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209172.

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Judicial activism implies a hidden politicization of the Court. The legal arguments and the methods used by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) might seem coherent. However, an inquiry into judicial activism means looking beyond the legal reasoning of the Court and trying to “connect the dots” of an alternative narrative that can explain the Court’s long-term approach to certain issues. In the case of judicial activism of the CJEU in the case-law concerning public international law, the veil for the politicization of the Court is provided by the pluralist architecture of global law. The heterarchical structure of relations among legal orders in the international arena activates the CJEU as an actor of global governance. Simultaneously, it results in the Court adopting a rather internal and defensive approach, undermining legal security.

Judicial activism of the CJEU finds its particular expressions in the case-law concerning public international law. The pro-integrationist tendency of the CJEU often raised in the literature concerning the Court’s role in the process of EU integration, translates into a substantial and an institutional dimension of judicial activism. The substantial articulation of judicial activism in the case-law concerning international law is the Court’s emphasis on the autonomy of the EU legal order. This internal perspective is adopted not only for virtuous reasons, but also in defense of definitely not universal European interests. The institutional dimension refers to the Court’s position within the EU structure of governance. The case-law concerning international law is marked by a close alignment with the European Commission and the integration of the EU goals in external relations. Moreover, the pluralist veil can cover the extent to which the Court’s decisions concerning international law are influenced by considerations completely internal to the EU.

In my analysis I proceed in three steps that are reflected in three chapters of the thesis. There is no clear and prevalent definition of judicial activism, but instead rather multiple possibilities of approaching the concept. While the general intend of the research project is to critically reflect on the concept of judicial activism of the highest courts within a legal order, the particular focus will be on the CJEU dealing with international law. I proceed in three steps. First, I assess different understandings of the role of the judge and the concept of judicial activism in legal literature in view of ascertaining the relevance of the debate and distilling some general components of a possible definition. Secondly, I identify the factors particular for the position of the CJEU within the EU legal order and with regard to international law. The particular characteristics of the CJEU result in a limited applicability of the general definitions of judicial activism. Finally, I analyze the case-law in view of identifying examples as well as counter-examples of the particular symptoms/attributes. Because judicial activism broadens the scope of the factors guiding judicial decision-making, it enables us to better understand the contingencies in the Court´s jurisprudence.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Stevens, Vickie Hall. "Students' Perceptions on Issues Related to Globalization at a Four-Year Community College in Florida". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4408.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to survey community college students in order to evaluate their perceptions of the awareness and significance of global-mindedness or worldview of interconnectedness to the global community. The sample of participants included students at a 4-year community college in Florida. The results can be valuable and informative as a needs assessment in curriculum reforms to provide more globally minded courses and programs; consequently, better prepare graduates to compete in the global job market.

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Bonham-Carter, Jenny. ""På ojämn mark lär vi oss att gå" : En studie av det interreligiösa arbetets möjligheter, hinder och kopplingar till mänskliga rättigheter utifrån Fryshusprojektet Tillsammans för Sverige". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201498.

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This thesis examines interfaith work from a general perspective and through the Swedish interfaith project “Tillsammans för Sverige”. They are based in a famous youth center in Stockholm. The examination has two aims. The first is to identify the main characteristics of interfaith work and how they correspond with daily practice. The second aim looks at the relevance of human rights in interfaith work and how the connection between the two can be clarified. The results are based upon the author’s experiences through a fieldwork study and an enquiry made among the people involved in the project. Key words: interfaith work, Tillsammans för Sverige, global ethics, human rights

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Meacock, Heather. "An anthropological approach to theology : a study of John Hicks theology of religious pluralism, towards ethical criteria for a global theology of religions". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/b93f5f0c-ea33-4a7e-90a3-c230e0965220.

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Kille, Nicola. "Achieving intercultural knowledge through global awareness programming at liberal arts college". Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/835.

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This thesis investigated the success of global awareness co,curricular programming as a tool for increasing intercultural knowledge at a liberal arts college. The study asked the following question: do internationally themed campus-wide events increase student interest in, and appreciation of, difference? Students in this study were involved in two activities: a semester-long series of South Asian themed events (the Wooster Forum and the Forum Auxiliary Events) and the First Year Seminar in Critical Inquiry (FYS). Two sections ofFYS had themes related to that of the Wooster Forum while the other two did not. Levels of student openness to difference and intercultural awareness were measured by the Intercultural Effectiveness Scale (Kozai, 2009a) both before and after exposure to the events of the Wooster Forum. An additional institutionally designed questionnaire was also administered to determine students' participation in the events and to allow them to share their perspectives of the programming offered. Results indicated that the majority of students at the start of the study demonstrated a lack of interest in and awareness of the differences that exist between cultures. At the end of study, those students in sections of FYS without strong links to the theme of the Wooster Forum showed greater movement on the elements of the Intercultural Effectiveness Scale that indicate intercultural openness than the students in sections with close links. Surprisingly, this movement was likely to be negative. Survey results revealed the importance of both friendship groups and the perception of fun as students decided which events in which to participate. Both instruments indicated the need for clear context setting for each event, and for opportunities for structured - ~ reflection and discussion in order to maximize intercultural learning. The study concluded with recommendations regarding future global awareness programming in this specific institutional context

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Ehnberg, Jenny. "Globalization, Justice, and Communication : A Critical Study of Global Ethics". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247796.

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The purpose of this study is to seek to an answer to the question of what constitutes a tenable model for global ethics. This is done in part by a critical engagement with four different models of global ethics; two proposals from political philosophy and two contributions from theological ethics. The models analyzed in the study are: (1) the capabilities approach as developed by Martha Nussbaum, (2) Seyla Benhabib’s discourse ethics and model of cosmopolitan federalism, (3) David Hollenbach’s model of the common good and human rights, and (4) the model for responsibility ethics and theological humanism as developed by William Schweiker. These models contain different understandings of global justice, human rights, and sustainable development. The study works with six primary problems: (1) Which are the main moral problems associated with different processes of globalization? (2) What should be the response to these problems, in the form of a normative ethical model? (3) What is the relation between global ethics and universalism? (4) What kind of institutional vision for the international arena does a tenable global ethic promote? (5) Given the human diversity and global pluralism, what would be a reasonable view of the human being included in a global ethic? (6) What kind of ethical theory is sustainable for global ethical reflection? These questions also form the basis for the analysis of the models. The study uses a set of criteria in order to assess the answers that the models offer for these questions. These criteria also constitute the framework within which the author’s contribution to the discussion of global ethics is phrased. The criteria are founded on an idea of what characterizes global ethical reflection. The contention is that a tenable global ethic should be relevant, and it should also be related to a reasonable view of human beings and a plausible ethical theory. Together these support the criterion of communicability, which argues that a global ethic should above all be communicable, i.e. capable of enabling cross-cultural communication. A central argument which this study makes is that a kind of ethical contextualism is more reasonable than an epistemological universalism.

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Hastings, Julie Dawn. "Rumours and riots : local responses to mass drug administration for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases among school-aged children in Morogoro region, Tanzania". Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7467.

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In August 2008, a biomedical intervention providing free drugs to school aged children to treat two endemic diseases –schistosomiasis haematobium and soil-transmitted helminths - in Morogoro region, Tanzania, was suspended after violent riots erupted. Parents and guardians rushed to schools to prevent their children taking the drugs when they heard reports of children dying in Morogoro town after receiving treatment. When pupils heard these reports, many of those who had swallowed the pills began to complain of dizziness and fainted. In Morogoro town hundreds of pupils were rushed to the Regional Hospital by their parents and other onlookers. News of these apparent fatalities spread throughout the region, including to Doma village where I was conducting fieldwork. Here, protesting villagers accused me of bringing the medicine into the village with which to “poison” the children and it was necessary for me to leave the village immediately under the protection of the Tanzanian police. This thesis, based on eleven months fieldwork between 2007 and 2010 in Doma village and parts of Morogoro town, asks why was this biomedical intervention so vehemently rejected? By analysing local understandings and responses to the mass distribution of drugs in relation to the specific historical, social, political, and economic context in which it occurred, it shows that there was a considerable disjuncture between biomedical understandings of these diseases, including the epidemiological rationale for the provision of preventive chemotherapy, and local perspectives. Such a disjuncture, fuelled by the reports of fatalities and the pupil’s fainting episodes brought about considerable conjecture both locally and nationally, that the drugs had been faulty, counterfeit, or hitherto untested on humans. Among many of the poorer inhabitants of Morogoro town, there was suspicion that this had been a covert sterilization campaign. From an official perspective, such conjecture was dismissed as mere rumour, proliferated by “ignorant” people. However, from an anthropological perspective, these ‘rumours’ reveal profound local anxieties including a pervasive fear that poor Africans are being targeted for covert eugenics projects by governments in the industrialized world. The thesis also shows that many of the assumptions embedded in global policies seeking to control neglected tropical diseases are mistaken. Indeed, it is suggested that it is unlikely that schistosomiasis haematobium and soil-transmitted helminths will be controlled so long as policy makers persist with the idea that one policy, designed by staff working for the World Health Organisation – with minor modifications added in Dar es Salaam - can be rolled out uniformly, irrespective of the political, social and economic context in which the programme occurs.

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18

Vaz, Ana Rita da Costa. "Educação global no jardim-de-infância: um projeto sobre os valores". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23598.

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Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
O presente relatório de estágio resulta de todo um trabalho desenvolvido na área da sensibilização à diversidade linguística e cultural numa sala de jardim-de-infância. Neste sentido pretendemos analisar que conhecimentos e capacidades desenvolvem as crianças com um projeto, com caraterísticas de investigação-ação, centrado nos valores no âmbito de uma educação global. Assim, estabelecemos como principais objetivos compreender como promover uma educação global nos primeiros anos de escolaridade, identificar diferentes representações das crianças sobre valores e observar como as crianças integram os valores (amizade e respeito pelo outro) no seu quotidiano. Este projeto contou com quatro sessões de atividades desenvolvidas com as crianças. No decorrer das atividades, abordámos os valores, a cultura e os modos de vida de quatro países (Gronelândia, Zâmbia, Peru e China). Privilegiámos como principal recurso a literatura infantil, pois já existem várias obras em português que poderão servir de ponto de partida para abordar outras culturas e sensibilizar para os valores. Os dados foram recolhidos através da observação, transcrições das videogravações das sessões, e os registos individuais das crianças (desenhos). Através da análise dos dados concluímos que as crianças se envolveram no projeto e que revelam indícios de atitudes de amizade e de respeito pelo outro, manifestados na história coletiva construída no final do projeto.
This study is the result of a work carried out in the area of awakening to languages in a kindergarten context. In this study, it was our intention to evaluate which knowledge and capacities the children were able to develop in a project with some characteristics of action research, centered on values within a global education perspective. Therefore, we set as our main goals to understand how to promote a global education in the first years of schooling, identify different representations of children about values and observe how children integrate those values (friendship and respect for others) in their daily lives and activities. This project included four sessions of activities with the children. In the course of our activities, we addressed the values, culture and ways of life of four countries (Greenland, Zambia, Peru and China). We privileged children's literature as the main resource, as there are already several books in Portuguese which can be used as a starting point to present other cultures and raise awareness of values. The data was collected through observation, transcriptions of sessions’ videotapes and individual children work (drawings). Through the analysis of the data we concluded that the children got deeply involved in the project and showed signs of friendship and respect for the others, manifested in the story written in group at the end of the project

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19

Jabot, Richard. "La comptabilité de la soutenabilité au temps de l'Anthropocène : affects, mesures et engagement". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10051.

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Cette thèse explore le rôle de la comptabilité de la soutenabilité dans la période de l’Anthropocène et vise à comprendre comment elle peut influencer les acteurs des organisations pour les faire agir vers la soutenabilité. Recherche qualitative constructiviste qui se base sur deux études de cas uniques de PME françaises, cette thèse est composée de trois articles qui explorent ensemble différentes facettes de la comptabilité de la soutenabilité. Le premier article, à travers le rôle des affects, aborde la question de comment la comptabilité carbone nous affecte au point de nous faire agir. Le deuxième article considère les difficultés liées à la mesure des différentes dimensions de la soutenabilité et souligne le processus pour orienter l’organisation vers la recherche d’actions contextualisées et les débats contradictoires. Le troisième article analyse comment un chercheur peut s’engager dans une recherche intervention en prenant le risque de la capture managériale. Notre recherche met en évidence que la comptabilité de la soutenabilité ne produit pas assez d’effets pour faire agir les acteurs vers la soutenabilité. Elle confirme que le fait de savoir rationnellement n’implique pas celui d’agir. Elle montre ainsi que la quantification en elle-même ne produit pas d’effet, mais qu’elle peut être accompagnée d’espace de débat et de confrontation pour amener à l’action contextualisée. Enfin, elle montre qu’en conséquence, un engagement et une proximité physique et temporelle du chercheur sur son terrain sont une nécessité pour porter une vision transformative de la soutenabilité
This dissertation explores the role of sustainability accounting in the period of the Anthropocene and aims to understand how it can influence the actors of organizations to make them act towards sustainability. Constructivist qualitative research based on two unique case studies of French SMEs, this dissertation is composed of three articles that together explore different facets of sustainability accounting. The first article, through the role of affects, tackles the question of how carbon accounting affect us to the point of making us act. The second article considers the difficulties associated with measuring the different dimensions of sustainability and underlines the process to steer the organisation towards the search for contextualized actions and contradictory debates. The third article analyses how a researcher can engage in research-intervention by taking the risk of managerial capture. Our research shows that sustainability accounting does not produce enough effects to make actors act towards sustainability. It confirms that knowing rationally does not imply acting. It thus shows that quantification in itself does not produce an effect, but that it can be coupled by space for debate and confrontation to lead to contextualized action. Finally, it shows that, as a result, an engagement and a physical and temporal proximity of the researcher in his field are a necessity to carry a transformative vision of sustainability

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20

Barraud, Boris. "Les sources du droit de la communication par internet". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1026/document.

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Si d’importantes recherches sur les sources du droit et de nombreux travaux sur le droit de la communication par internet ont déjà été menés, cette thèse se distingue des premiers comme des seconds : d’une part, elle interroge des sources souvent originales, loin de réduire le droit à la loi et à la jurisprudence ; d’autre part, elle ne consiste pas en un exposé technique et utilitaire du droit de la communication par internet mais en une étude scientifique et macro-juridique (i.e. détachée des règles et des régimes juridiques). L’observation du droit de la communication par internet est ici au service d’une réflexion relative aux continuités, aux ruptures et aux mouvements actuels et à venir des sources du droit. Cette branche du droit, significative du droit « global » et du droit « postmoderne », est révélatrice de ce à quoi le paysage juridique pourrait ressembler demain, lorsque le droit moderne stato-centré aura été irrémédiablement débordé par un droit « en réseau » dont les propriétés ressemblent fort à celles du réseau mondial qu’est l’internet. Progressivement, les sources auparavant premières deviennent secondaires, celles qui hier demeuraient à l’arrière-plan se retrouvent sur le devant de la scène juridique, tandis que de nouveaux foyers de normes apparaissent. L’objet de cette thèse est de constituer un témoignage de ce renouvellement des lieux et des modes de production des normes en cours
Many books studying the sources of the law and many books studying the Internet law have already been published. This thesis differs from these books : it studies the original sources, not only the state law and the customs; and it is a scientific work and not a practical work. Observations of the Internet law can serve thoughts on the currents and futures continuities and changes of the sources of the law. Studying this young and special law is like studying an example of global law and postmodern law, revealing the specifics of the law of tomorrow, when the modern law centered on the state will be replaced by a different law, whose properties gather those of the Internet. Gradually, the conventional sources are substituted by new sources. This thesis wants to be a witness of these changes in the sources of the law.In terms of legal science and legal thought, lawyers should perhaps avoid analyzing the law of tomorrow with tools and lessons from yesterday. Studying the Internet law invites to build new tools and frameworks in order to describe and explain as accurately as possible the reality of the law. These problems led to the writing of this book. By focusing on specific legal objects that reflect the twenty-first century law, it wants to promote the understanding and the acceptance of changes in the law. Specifically, the objective is to contribute to the renovation of the sources of the law thought when the modern theory appears increasingly archaic because the number, the identity, the architecture and the balance of the sources is permanently evolving

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21

Chippendale, Emma. "The global financial crisis and public sentiment towards immigration and immigrants in the Netherlands : implications for liberal democracy and political culture". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19928.

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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 ushered in a new era of globalisation and with it, intensified levels of global migration. The movement of people across increasingly fluid and penetrable boundaries has altered the demographic profile of European states and this cultural diversity has confronted contemporary Western liberal democracies with a unique set of challenges concerning the integration of diverse groups into society for the purpose of fostering cohesion and domestic stability. The effects of cultural diversity are not limited to demographics however, and this thesis focuses predominantly on the political and public responses that this phenomenon has evoked. The context of the Netherlands provides a particularly enlightening example of the way in which attempts to manage cultural diversity have stimulated intensive debate on immigration and integration topics, which have subsequently become firmly ensconced within public and political discourse. This ongoing debate in the Dutch context has brought to the fore wider questions pertaining to citizenship, national identity and culture. More importantly, these issues have exposed the limits of Dutch tolerance: increasingly restrictionist immigration and integration policy over the last two decades, and in the last 10 years in particular, has appeared incongruous with stereotypical perceptions of the Netherlands as an ultra-liberal and progressive paragon of multiculturalism. This thesis therefore seeks to rework this image of the Netherlands by observing possible shifts in public attitudes towards immigrants and immigration in the context of considerably less favourable material circumstances, occasioned by the current global financial crisis. Attitudes towards Muslims in Dutch society are of particular interest to this research given the particular cultural and symbolic threat that Islam is considered to pose to liberal values. Realistic Group Conflict Theory provides a useful framework for analysing inter-group competition and conflict stemming from both material and non-material perceptions of threat. Whilst particular focus is accorded to the specific macro-economic conditions of the ongoing financial crisis for observing potentially shifting sentiments, this discussion is situated within a larger national debate about immigration and integration spanning two decades. Linking public perception data to analyses of Dutch integration and immigration policy, patterns of voting behaviour and the real effects of the financial crisis on the Dutch economy, the ultimate intention of this research, then, is to assess the prospects and overall “health” of liberal democracy in the Netherlands. The country‟s experiences in attempting to deal with cultural pluralism reveal that liberal democratic norms have not simply been entrenched as “givens” and they are subject to contestation and ambiguity. It is in attempts to address difference and “otherness” in society that the shortfalls of Dutch liberal democracy have been laid bare.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die val van die Berlynse Muur in 1989 het „n nuwe tydperk van globalisasie aangebreek en daarmee saam, verskerpte vlakke van globale migrasie. Die beweging van mense oor meer toegangklike grense het die demografiese profiel van Europese state verander. Hierdie kulturele diversiteit het huidige Westerse liberale demokrasieë met „n unieke stel uitdagings gekonfronteer, aangaande die integrasie van diverse groepe in die samelewing met die doel om saamhorigheid te bevorder. Die effek van kulturele diversiteit is egter nie beperk tot demografie nie en hierdie tesis fokus hoofsaaklik op die politieke en openbare reaksies wat die verskynsel uitgelok het. Die Nederlandse konteks verskaf „n besondere insiggewende voorbeeld van die manier waarop pogings om kulturele diversiteit te hanteer, intensiewe debat oor immigrasie- en integrasie-onderwerpe gestimuleer het, wat sedertdien stewig in die openbare en politieke diskoers verskans is. Die voortdurende debat in die Nederlandse verband het wyer vrae aangaande burgerskap, nasionale identiteit en kultuur laat ontstaan. Selfs van groter belang is die feit dat hierdie vraagstukke die perke van Nederlandse verdraagsaamheid ontbloot het: toenemende inperkings op immigrasie- en integrasie-beleid oor die afgelope twee dekades en veral in die laaste 10 jaar, het teenstrydig voorgekom met die stereotipiese indruk van Nederland as „n ultra-liberale en progressiewe toonbeeld van multi-kulturalisme. Hierdie tesis be-oog derhalwe om hierdie beeld van Nederland te ondersoek deur moontlike veranderings in openbare houdings teenoor immigrante en immigrasie waar te neem, teen die agtergrond van aansienlik minder gunstige materiële omstandighede, veroorsaak deur die huidige globale finansiële krisis. Houdings teenoor Moslems in die Nederlandse samelewing is van besondere belang in hierdie ondersoek teen die agtergrond van die beweerde kulturele en simboliese bedreiging wat Islam vir liberale waardes inhou. Realistiese Groep-Konflikteorie voorsien „n nuttige raamwerk om inter-groep wedywering en konflik, wat spruit uit beide materiële en nie-materiële perspesies van bedreiging, te analiseer. Alhoewel besondere aandag geskenk word aan die spesifieke makro-ekonomiese omstandighede van die huidige finansiële krisis om moontlike veranderings in houdings waar te neem, is hierdie bespreking deel van „n groter nasionale debat oor immigrasie en integrasie oor die afgelope twee dekades. Deur inligting oor openbare persepsie te verbind met die Nederlandse integrasie-en immigrasie-beleid, stempatrone en die ware uitwerkings van die finansiële krisis op die Nederlandse kultuur, is die uiteindelike doel van hierdie navorsing om die vooruitsigte en algehele “gesondheid” van liberale demokrasie in Nederland te evalueer. Die land se ervaring van kulturele pluralisme bewys dat liberale demokratiese norme nie verskans is nie en dat hulle onderhewig is aan omstredenheid en dubbelsinnigheid. Die pogings om verskille en “andersheid” in die samelewing aan te spreek, het die tekortkominge van die Nederlandse liberale demokrasie ontbloot.

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22

Rao, Rahul. "Postcolonial cosmopolitanism : between home and the world". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6eb91e22-9563-49a2-be2b-402a4edd99b5.

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The thesis aims to address criticisms of cosmopolitanism that characterise it as an elite discourse, by exploring the role that it might play in Third World resistance movements. In doing so, it complicates the landscape of international normative theory, which has traditionally been mapped as a debate between cosmopolitanism and communitarianism. Part I of the thesis argues that cosmopolitanism and communitarianism can function as languages in which First and Third World states respectively justify exercises of power that impede the self-determination of Third World societies. These discourses of power frame the condition of postcoloniality, which might be understood – borrowing the terminology of International Society theorists – as an entrapment of Third World societies between 'coercive solidarism' and 'authoritarian pluralism'. A normative worldview committed to enhancing the scope for self-determination of such societies must be critical of the production of both external and internal environments that are hostile to the enjoyment of self-determination by Third World peoples. Part II of the thesis explores the political challenges of sustaining such a critique by studying four theorists of resistance who perceive themselves as manoeuvring between hostile external and internal environments. It analyses the political thought of Rabindranath Tagore and Edward Said, who were both leading figures of anti-colonial nationalist movements but also fierce critics of nationalism. It also studies the activism of two leaders in the field of 'anti-globalisation' protest – Subcomandante Marcos of the Zapatistas in Mexico and Professor Nanjundaswamy of the Karnataka State Farmers' Association in India – who struggle against both national elites and global capital. Part II concludes that if resistance in the condition of postcoloniality must grapple simultaneously with both a hostile 'outside' and 'inside', it must speak in mixed registers of universalism and particularity. Cumulatively, the thesis demonstrates that the language of common humanity operates in ways that are both oppressive and emancipatory, just as the language of community is a source of both repression and refuge. Normative theory that does not seek to hold both in tension fails the needs of our non-ideal world.

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23

Dias, Tânia Vanessa Serrano. "Educação para a paz no jardim de infância: uma educação livre de conflitos". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21396.

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Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
Este estudo teve com principais objetivos avaliar e compreender os efeitos de um projeto de Sensibilização à Diversidade Linguística e Cultural (SDLC) nos conhecimentos, atitudes e capacidades de um grupo de crianças em idade pré-escolar, e ainda, compreender como podemos promover uma educação para a paz através da SDLC no jardim de infância. Para tal, concebeu-se e colocou-se em prática um projeto no âmbito da educação para a paz através da abordagem SDLC, com um grupo de 25 crianças em idade pré-escolar. Realizaram-se diversas atividades, nomeadamente o conto de histórias, conversas de grupo, trabalhos de expressão plástica e musical, de forma a sensibilizar as crianças à temática da educação para a paz através de atividades do seu interesse. Tratando-se de um estudo do tipo investigação-ação, foram recolhidos dados através da observação direta e de gravações vídeo das quatro sessões realizadas. Estas gravações vídeo foram, posteriormente, transcritas e submetidas a uma análise de conteúdo, tendo em conta três categorias: conhecimentos, capacidades, atitudes e valores. Procedeu-se ainda à avaliação da implicação das crianças nas tarefas, de forma a obtermos um indicador das suas aprendizagens. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que é durante a idade pré-escolar que devemos começar a sensibilizar as crianças para as diferenças linguísticas e culturais, de forma a que estas adquiram conhecimentos sobre o mundo das línguas e das culturas e desenvolvam atitudes positivas face ao outro. Concluiu-se também que projetos de educação global permitem que as crianças desenvolvam atitudes de tolerância e respeito, através da promoção da paz, e compreendam a importância de aprender outras línguas para mais facilmente se poderem relacionar e comunicar com os outros rumo a um mundo mais pacífico e sustentável.
This study aimed to evaluate and understand the effects of an Awakening to Languages (AtL) project in the development of knowledge, attitudes and skills of a group of pre-primary children, and also to understand how to promote an education for peace through the AtL approach in pre-primary contexts. To this end, a peace education project, sustained on the AtL approach, was conceived and put into practice with a group of 25 pre-primary children. There were various activities, including storytelling, group discussions, visual arts and musical work, in order to sensitize children to the theme of peace education through activities of their interest. Considering that this was an action-research-type project, data were collected through direct observation and video recordings of four sessions. These video recordings were later transcribed and submitted to content analysis, taking into account three categories: knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. The children’s involvement in the tasks was also assessed, as an indicator of their learning achievements. Data analysis led to the conclusion that pre-primary is the correct time to start making children aware of linguistic and cultural differences, so that they acquire knowledge about the world of languages and cultures and develop positive attitudes towards the Other. We also concluded that global education projects allow children to develop attitudes of tolerance and respect, through the promotion of peace, and to understand the importance of learning other languages to relate and communicate with others towards a more peaceful and sustainable world.

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24

Ashfaq, Muhammad. "The crime of aggression : a critical historical inquiry of the just war tradition". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13671.

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Why has international society been unable to develop political and judicial collective-security arrangements to limit external aggression? The thesis argues that efforts to limit aggression in moral and legal theory have created an unjust order in which great powers have used these theoretical traditions to reinforce their power in the global order. The thesis argues that is not a new development but can be found in one of the oldest traditions of moral reflection on war, the just war tradition. To substantiate this point, the thesis critically surveys the philosophers of the ancient Greek, Roman, Medieval Christian Renaissance, and early modern theorists of just war and demonstrates that their just war ideas contain assumptions about exclusion, identity and power reflecting their cultural superiority which underlie the practices and theories of the leading states and justifications of their aggressive wars. The thesis connects these moral reflections to the emergence of modern international law and the European pluralist international society of states based on mutual respect for sovereignty and the norm of non-intervention, highlighting how justifications of its colonial aggression against non-Europeans established an unjust solidarist order against them which persists in the post-Cold War era. To conclude it presents suggestions for improvement in the current pluralist international arrangements to address the issue of aggression.

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25

TAVERRITI, SARA BIANCA. "L'AUTOCONTROLLO PENALE. RESPONSABILITÀ PENALE E MODELLI DI AUTONORMAZIONE DEI DESTINATARI DEL PRECETTO". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/619498.

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La ricerca prende l’abbrivio dalla constatazione della crescente importanza acquisita, nel panorama delle fonti penalistiche, dal fenomeno dell’autonormazione: prodotto del diritto penale post-moderno consistente nell’autoimposizione, da parte dei destinatari stessi della norma, di precetti comportamentali in chiave criminal-preventiva. Oltre al ruolo ambivalente del principio di legalità penale (effetto e causa, al contempo, del fenomeno qui preso in considerazione), l’interesse del penalista per l’approfondimento scientifico del fenomeno è sollecitato dal potenziale che quest’ultimo rivela come alternativa (sostitutiva o integrata) rispetto al diritto penale. Il primo capitolo è dedicato alla ricostruzione delle cause che hanno dato origine al fenomeno, all’uopo ripartite in due macro-categorie: (i) le cause di ordine generale, per l’enucleazione delle quali è stata condotta una ricerca che spazia nelle materie sociologiche, economiche e giusfilosofiche; (ii) le cause di natura giuridica, che sono state investigate considerando sia le manifestazioni comuni all’intero ordinamento giuridico, sia quelle specifiche della penalistica, in cui la crisi del principio della riserva di legge e il declino del diritto penale classico assumono un’importanza cruciale. Nel secondo capitolo, il focus dell’analisi si concentra sulla dimensione strutturale del paradigma autonormativo per come emerso nelle sue principali manifestazioni e nelle concettualizzazioni teoriche maturate soprattutto grazie all’approfondimento riservato al fenomeno della Self-Regulation dagli studiosi di area anglosassone. La paradigmatica dell’autonormazione viene scrutinata tanto nelle sue singole componenti costitutive statiche, quanto nei suoi moti dinamici come strategia regolatoria all’interno dell’ordinamento. La ricerca si sposta nel terzo capitolo dalla struttura alla funzione, con l’obiettivo di ricavare i criteri di politica-criminale strumentali all’impiego dell’autonormazione nel sistema penale. A tal fine, sono state esplorate le possibili relazioni interordinamentali di raccordo tra sistemi autonormativi e ordinamento statale, applicando una metodologia mutuata dall’impostazione di Santi Romano ma ambientata sul terreno del diritto penale e delle sue alternative. Nel quarto capitolo l’indagine si rivolge verso i più eminenti esempi di autonormazione manifestatisi nell’ordinamento italiano: i modelli organizzativi ex D. Lgs. 231 del 2001; i piani per la prevenzione della corruzione nella P.A.; le linee guida medico-chirurgiche per lo svolgimento delle attività sanitaria. Oltre a una disamina ricognitiva della disciplina di questi sub-sistemi normativi, i tre banchi di prova vengono scandagliati in chiave struttural-funzionalistica alla luce dei criteri di analisi illustrati nel secondo capitolo e ricavati nel terzo. Il capitolo 5 chiude il lavoro proiettando i risultati delle ricerche sul piano della teoria del reato, per verificare quale impatto abbia/possa avere l’autonormazione sulla dogmatica. Dopo aver passato in rassegna le possibili ricadute sulle diverse categorie penalistiche, la chiosa finale valorizza il potenziale del diritto riflessivo come candidato ideale per la concretizzazione della clausola di extrema ratio in materia penale. L’uso dell’autonormazione come strumento alternativo rispetto al diritto penale viene ritenuto, infatti, il profilo applicativo più promettente e degno di essere ulteriormente esplorato.
One of the crucial challenges of Criminal Law in the new millennium is to deal with the complexity of contemporary society. The traditional approach based on the State monopoly on criminal matters keeps abreast no longer with the scientific-technological sophistication and the rate of changes in criminal behavior in the era of globalization. In this scenario, we witness the rise of Self-Regulation as an auxiliary tool of crime prevention, whose main goal is to fill the vacuum and to compensate for the rapid obsolescence of state legislation. Compliance Programs, Anti-Bribery Plans, Clinical Guidelines are some of the elements of a diverse constellation of cases in which preventive measures, behavioral rules, surveillance, and sanctions are issued and enforced by a legislator who coincides with the recipient, and which is often a private actor. Nevertheless, the ambivalence of Self-Regulation lies in the fact that – in the face of some positive externalities promised – this paradigm could jeopardize some of the fundamental principles of Criminal Law. The aim of this work is to provide a critical analysis of such phenomenon in order to verify the compatibility of Self-Regulation with the Rule of Law and to assess its efficacy in deterring and detecting misconducts.

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26

Prieto, Munoz Jose Gustavo. "THE CONCEPT OF LEGITIMACY ON INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT DISPUTES: CONSTRUCTING SOUTH AMERICAN COMMON PRINCIPLES". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/960407.

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Con il presente elaborato si vuole sostenere tesi per cui l’inserimento di una serie di principi di diritto pubblico regionale può condurre ad una riforma interna (sistemica) del regime degli investimenti internazionali, al fine di legittimare l’autorità esercitata nello spazio giuridico globale dai tribunali degli investimenti in Sud America. Al fine di sviluppare tali principi, è necessario collocarli all’interno di un discorso giuridico regionale. Questa tesi è presentata in primo luogo attraverso una comprensione ad ampio spettro del concetto di legittimità nel diritto internazionale in generale, e nell’ambito del diritto degli investimenti internazionali in particolare; si sostiene che la legittimità operi come un concetto che descrive la spinta a conformarsi alla norma giuridica, ma che essa possa anche agire come un velo sotto il quale si cela la lotta tra le diverse autorità che popolano lo spazio giuridico globale. In secondo luogo, si scompone il regime degli investimenti internazionali in due dimensioni. La prima, quella normativa, facendo riferimento alla rete di accordi di investimento internazionali; la seconda, quella transnazionale, analizzando la giurisprudenza arbitrale che ha de facto plasmato la disciplina a livello globale. In terzo luogo, il lavoro propone un quadro generale per lo sviluppo dei principi in materia di investimenti internazionali nel contesto sud americano. Si sostiene in particolare che la regione debba ridisegnare il proprio approccio al tema, a partire da un discorso giuridico basato su tre gruppi di principi, al fine di consolidare la legittimazione dell’autorità esercitata dagli attori transnazionali.
The central argument expressed here is that it is possible to internally (systemically) reform the international investment regime and legitimize the authority exercised in the global legal space by investment adjudicators in South America, through the insertion of a set of regional public law principles and encouraging the development of these principles through regional legal discourse. This argument is presented first with a general understanding of legitimacy in international law. Then it takes on the task of developing a concept of legitimacy for international investment law, arguing that legitimacy operates as a concept which describes the pull of self-compliance of a legal order, but can also act as a veil that covers up the struggles of various authorities in the global legal space. The argument further decomposes the international investment regime into two dimensions. The first, the normative dimension, refers to the network of International Investment Agreements, while the second, the transnational dimension, involves the study of that fragment of global society that has shaped the discipline by building arbitral jurisprudence. Finally, the current work develops a basic framework for the construction of South American principles for investment. It will be argued that the region must reshape its approach to some extent, by using a legal discourse based on three clusters of principles for the legitimation of authority.

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27

Andrade, Cláudio Isabel Furtado. "A política externa de Cabo Verde e a sua Diáspora". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20144.

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Sumariamente, o escopo deste estudo incide na relação entre a Política Externa de Cabo Verde e a sua Diáspora, apresentando-se o cariz migrante da identidade caboverdiana como força motriz desta relação. Neste sentido, opta-se por entender qual a importância da Diáspora na orientação e estruturação da Política Externa de Cabo Verde, de 1990 até março de 2016, examinando a relação entre estas duas unidades com o fito de destacar os pontos de contato entre as mesmas. Argumenta-se que a diáspora cabo-verdiana constitui um dos elementos basilares da Política Externa perscrutada pelo país, sendo o seu contributo manifestado através do envio de remessas, captação de investimento externo e fomento de redes de conhecimento patenteadas pela sua vasta experiência migratória. De igual modo, atesta-se que o processo migratório é, pela sua regularidade, um elemento estruturante da identidade nacional de Cabo Verde, uma vez que a longa tradição migratória do seu povo para vários destinos, se reflete como sustento da autoidentificação de uma Nação Global. Finalmente entende-se que o recurso capital a potenciar e maximizar, no contexto desta Estado insular é não mais do que o humano – traduzido nos seus migrantes. O estudo abrange assim a literatura concernente a Análise de Política Externa enquanto grelha de análise dentro das Relações Internacionais, o contexto estrutural da PE dos Estados do Sul Global e as dinâmicas coletivas da Política Externa dos Estados Africanos, para aferir sobre a importância da diáspora cabo-verdiana, enquanto ator não-estatal na Política Externa de Cabo Verde. Também no quadro das Migrações e Identidades, esta diáspora revela-se particular, dado a sua população emigrada ser superior à população que habita os territórios das ilhas. Assim procuramos perceber de que forma os mecanismos institucionais do Estado de Cabo Verde, através da Política Externa, concebem o cariz migrante da sua Nação patenteada pelos fluxos transnacionais criados pelas migrações.
Summarily, this thesis focuses on the relationship between the Foreign Policy of Cape Verde and its Diaspora, presenting the migrant nature of the Cape Verdean identity as a driving force behind this relationship. In this sense, the option is to understand what is the importance of the Diaspora in the orientation and formulation of the Foreign Policy of Cape Verde, from 1990 to the present day, examining the relationship between these two units with the aim to highlight the points of contact between them. It is argued that the Cape Verdean diaspora is one of the basic elements of Foreign Policy peered across the country, having its contribution manifested through remittances, foreign investment acquisition and development of knowledge networks patented for its wide migration experience. Similarly, it confirms that the migration process is, by its regularity, a structural element of the national identity of Cape Verde, once the long migratory tradition of its people to various destinations is reflected as support of self-identification of a Global Nation. Finally it is understood that the main feature to be enhanced and maximized, in the context of this insular state is no more than the human factor - translated in its migrants. The study thus covers the literature concerning the Foreign Policy Analysis as a grid analysis in International Relations, the structural context of the Foreign Policy of the Global South states and the collective dynamics of the Foreign Policy of African States, to assess the importance of Cape Verdean diaspora, while non-sate actor in the Cape Verde Foreign Policy. Also in the context of Migration and Identities, this diaspora proves to be very peculiar, since its emigrant population is greater than the population living in the territories of the islands. Therefore we try to understand how the institutional mechanisms of the Cape Verde State, through the foreign policy, conceive the migrant nature of its nation, patented by transnational flows created by its migration.

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28

Foran, Brenda J., University of Western Sydney, College of Arts y Social Justice and Social Change Research Centre. "Medical pluralism and global health policy : the integration of traditional medicine in health care systems". 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/25358.

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This research explores the international evolution of the policy of integration (formalisation) of traditional medicine in health care systems. This concept first arose on the policy agenda of the World Health Organisation in the 1970s and then re-emerged in 2002 (with alternative and complementary medicines). The history of this policy at the global level and its transfer to national levels over this period is analysed, via the content, scope and outcomes of policy and programme documents. This analysis emphasises the roles of context and stakeholders (specifically interest groups). The context in terms of the economic, political and social environment surrounding the development of the policy is considered, and held to offer a potential explanation as to how and why the policy agenda on integration was set and the manner in which programmes were formulated and implemented. Interest group interaction (competition for resources) is concluded to play a key role in explaining the development of this policy on an international level, and its problematic transfer to national levels. A case study of Sri Lanka explores national level implementation in greater detail. An analytical framework to analyse the development and implementation of this policy has been created, from a synthesis of anthropological and political science tools. The combination of several theories into an analytical framework allows this policy issue to be understood as an intrinsically political exercise that has been stimulated by global social and economic forces. The analytical framework developed offers another tool for the analysis and consequent understanding of the health policy process and thus may have relevance beyond the health policy issue of integration.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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29

Gok, Erdal. "The Application of a Pluralist Approach of Global Administrative Law on the Governance of Doping in Sport". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12303.

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Plusieurs problèmes liés à l'utilisation de substances et méthodes interdites de dopage dans les sports posent de grands défis à la gouvernance antidopage. Afin de lutter contre le dopage, certains pays ont mis en oeuvre des cadres juridiques basés exclusivement sur le droit pénal tandis que d'autres pays ont plutôt misé sur des mécanismes et organismes spécialisés trouvant fondement en droit privé ou sur un régime hybride de droit public et privé. Ces différentes approches réglementaires ont pour conséquence de faire en sorte qu’il est très difficile de lutter efficacement contre le dopage dans les sports, notamment parce que leur exécution requiert un degré de collaboration internationale et une participation concertée des autorités publiques qui est difficile à mettre en place. À l’heure actuelle, on peut par exemple observer que les États n’arrivent pas à contrer efficacement la participation des syndicats et organisations transnationales liés au crime organisé dans le marché du dopage, ni à éliminer des substances et méthodes de dopage interdites par la réglementation. Par ailleurs, la gouvernance antidopage basée sur les règles prescrites par l’Agence mondiale antidopage prévoit des règles et des normes distinctes de dopage distinguant entre deux catégories de personnes, les athlètes et les autres, plaçant ainsi les premiers dans une position désavantageuse. Par exemple, le standard de responsabilité stricte sans faute ou négligence imposé aux athlètes exige moins que la preuve hors de tout doute raisonnable et permet l'utilisation de preuves circonstancielles pour établir la violation des règles antidopages. S'appliquant pour prouver le dopage, ce standard mine le principe de la présomption d'innocence et le principe suivant lequel une personne ne devrait pas se voir imposer une peine sans loi. D’ailleurs, le nouveau Code de 2015 de l’Agence attribuera aux organisations nationales antidopage (ONADs) des pouvoirs d'enquête et de collecte de renseignements et ajoutera de nouvelles catégories de dopage non-analytiques, réduisant encore plus les droits des athlètes. Dans cette thèse, nous discutons plus particulièrement du régime réglementaire de l’Agence et fondé sur le droit privé parce qu’il ne parvient pas à répondre aux besoins actuels de gouvernance mondiale antidopage. Nous préconisons donc l’adoption d’une nouvelle approche de gouvernance antidopage où la nature publique et pénale mondiale du dopage est clairement reconnue. Cette reconnaissance combiné avec un modèle de gouvernance adapté basé sur une approche pluraliste du droit administratif global produira une réglementation et une administration antidopage mieux acceptée chez les athlètes et plus efficace sur le plan des résultats. Le nouveau modèle de gouvernance que nous proposons nécessitera toutefois que tous les acteurs étatiques et non-étatiques ajustent leur cadre de gouvernance en tenant compte de cette nouvelle approche, et ce, afin de confronter les défis actuels et de régler de manière plus satisfaisante les problèmes liés à la gouvernance mondiale du dopage dans les sports.
Several issues which are related to the use of prohibited substances and doping methods in sport pose great challenges to the anti-doping governance. In order to fight against doping, some countries have implemented legal frameworks which are based exclusively on criminal law while other countries have relied on specialized mechanisms and bodies, either based exclusively on private law or on a hybrid regime of public and private law. These different regulatory approaches make the fight against doping in sport severely complicated as its success requires a degree of international cooperation as well as the concerted involvement of public authorities. However, such cooperation is often difficult to realize. At present, it can be observed, for example, that nation states are unable to effectively prevent transnational organized crime syndicates and organizations from involving in the doping market nor from restricting and eliminating prohibited doping substances and methods through their regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, the anti-doping governance framework which is based on the rules and standards of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) distinguishes athletes from nonathletes, placing the former in a disadvantageous position. For example, the standard of strict liability of no fault or negligence imposed on athletes requires less than proof beyond a reasonable doubt and allows the use of circumstantial evidence to establish an anti-doping rule violation. This standard of proof undermines the presumption of innocence principle and the principle of no penalty without a law. Moreover, the new World Anti-Doping Code of 2015 will empower the National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADOs) with investigative and intelligence-gathering powers and will add new categories of non-analytical based doping categories, while reducing the rights of athletes even further. In this thesis, we discuss specifically the private law-based regulatory framework of WADA because it fails to meet the current needs of global anti-doping governance. We therefore advocate for the adoption of a new approach where the penal and public global nature of doping is clearly recognized. Such recognition, combined with a suitable governance model based on a pluralistic approach of global administrative law, will produce a better accepted and more effective anti-doping governance among athletes and will also be of benefit for non-athletes. However, the new governance model that we propose will require all state and non-state parties to adjust their governance frameworks to meet the current challenges and problems, related to the global governance of doping in sport.

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30

Samad, A. Yunas. "Diaspora, Identity and Belonging in the Global City". 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5852.

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31

Odhiambo, Angela Merici. "Teaching history for nation-building : locally responsive pedagogy and preparation for global participation". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8037.

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D.Phil.
Being Kenyan means belonging to a number of levels, the national, the local, one’s tribe or ethnic group and supra-state. It means living in a world beyond the Kenyan nation in which absolutism, whether of the ethnic or national civic state, is no longer operative. While encouraging Kenyans to regionalize and globalize, the state in Kenya has also simultaneously sought to construct a nation and develop among Kenyans a sense of national identity. State pronouncements point out that Kenyans need to strengthen their self-identity in the midst of growing globalization and regionalization. They suggest that Kenya needs to teach History in schools to produce a new breed of citizens, imbued with a new vision, characterized by the Kenyan personality, that is individuals who are driven by a deep sense of patriotism and nationalism that transcends ethnic and traditional ties. To achieve this purpose, History teachers must enable students to apply historical knowledge to the analysis of contemporary issues and to deploy the appropriate skills of critical thinking. They teachers need to develop a critical pedagogy in which knowledge, habits, and skills of critical citizenship are taught and learnt. The study adopted a basic interpretive qualitative research design to understand the strategies that the teachers used to develop the attitudes and skills of critical thinking that enable learners to transcend their ethnic and national ties when thinking about issues that are Kenyan. Classroom observations and interviews were employed. The study involved seven provincial secondary schools situated in the Nairobi Province, Kenya. The finding is that to learn history, learners should not be simply inducted into an already existing identity. They have to be assisted to engage in open-ended debates over the nature of this identity as a way of introducing them to historical thinking that links the teaching and learning of history with its disciplined inquiry and core values and make it possible for them to understand their national identity part of a Kenyan culture that is interconnected with others at regional and global levels.

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32

"Contribution of the Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum of the United Nations Environment Programme to the World Summit on Sustainable Development : note /". [New York] : UN, 2002. http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=A/CONF.199/PC/9&Lang=A.

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Transmits decision SS.VII/2 of UNEP Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment.
UN Job no.: N0230044 E. Material type: Resolutions/decisions (UN). Issued under agenda item 1, agenda document A/CONF.199/PC/1.

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33

Schulz, Johannes Joagim Christoffel. "Bahai-geloof in Suid-Afrika : n' Godsdienswetenskaplike studie". Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17696.

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Die Baha'i-geloof is 'n nuwe onafhanklike wereldreligie en is redelik onbekend onder die bree Suid-Afrikaanse publiek. Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie (gebaseer op die fenomenologiese metode) het ten doel om die Baha'i-fenomeen op 'n nie-veroordelende wyse sander vooroordele te beskryf en om die Baha'is se eie Suid-Afrikaanse ervaring te registreer. Dit geskied eerstens deur 'n bespreking van die Baha'ise historiese gebeure (deel 1). Op hierdie wyse word die geloof in sy religieuse familiegroepering geplaas. Terselfdertyd verklaar hierdie deel die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van die Baha'i-geloof wereldwyd en in Suid-Afrika. Dit herdefinieer die verbondsgedagte en toon hoe Baha'is die eenheidsgedagte en die uitlewing van Baha 'u' llah se boodskap via die skepping van 'n Administratiewe orde vormgee. Sentrale Baha'i-konsepte (deel 2) aangaande die geestelike dimensie van die geloof word hierna aangestip. Dit word uitgebou met ongestruktureerde onderhoude met versigtig gekose deelnemers, waarin Baha'is dus self hul geloof in terme van die Baha'i-administrasie, wette, byeenkomste en bepalings, Godsbegrip en eskatologie sowel as hul antropologie en geskiedenis uitspel. Dit word ooreenkomstig die sentrale temas bespreek sodat 'n Baha'i-geheelbeeld gekonseptualiseer kan word. Dit word afgesluit met 'n bespreking van die Baha'i-wereldstaat as die vervulling van die profesie van die nuwe hemel en aarde. Verskeie gevolgtrekkings word uit hierdie data gemaak. Dit toon hoe die Baha'is Baha'u'llah se boodskap as sleutel gebruik sodat die moderne mens na die vestiging van 'n nuwe wereldkultuur gelei word. Hierdie strewe bekragtig die Baha'i-strategie en motto van eenheid in die verskeidenheid, en word as die oplossing vir die hedendaagse probleme van die moderne mens aangebied. Daar word dan met die Suid-Afrikaanse Baha'i-toekomsbeskouing afgesluit.
The Baha'i Faith is a new independent world religion and is vastly unknown to the South African public. The purpose of this qualitative research (based on the phenomenological method) is to describe the Baha'i phenomenon in an unbiased, non-judgemental way so that the own South African Baha'i experience is registered. The Baha'i history (part 1) is discussed first in order to place this faith in its own religious framework and to explain its origin and development worldwide as well as in South Africa. It establishes the message of the Covenant and shows how Baha'is are proclaming the unity idea and the message of Baha'u'llah via the establishment of the Administrative order. Central Baha'i concepts (part 2) concerning the spiritual dimension of the Baha'i faith are explored. It is expanded via unstructured interviews with carefully selected participants in order to let Baha'is explain their own administration, laws and regulations, concepts about God and their escatology as well as their anthropology and history. This is done in accordance to the central themes so that a total picture of Baha'i could be conceptualised. It ends with a discussion of the Baha'i worldstate as the fulfillment of the new heaven and earth prophecy. Different conclusions are made from these data. It shows how the Baha'is are using Baha'u'llah's message as the key in order to lead man to the establishment of a new modern world culture. This culture will be the fulfillment of the Baha'i strategy and motto of unity in diversity and serves as the Baha'i answer to the modern day problems. The thesis ends with the South African expectations of the future
Religious Studies and Arabic
D.Th. (Religious Studies)

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34

Weber, Angelika. "Erziehung zur Zwei- und Mehrsprachigkeit. Eine kritische Untersuchung pädagogischer Konzepte". Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28702.

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This study investigates different ways of efficiently educating learners to become bi- or multilingual. In the introduction relevant background information concerning the definition of bilingualism is given and related issues are being discussed, such as language learning, language awareness, bilingual instruction and bilingual education models. Human beings are characterised by language, but also by social and cultural tradition. In the context of globalisation pluralism and multiculturalism are common factors affecting even previously isolated communities. Bi- and multilingualism are some of the strategies of adaptation to this reality. It can be assumed, that this development will continue rapidly as the inhabitants of the global village grow in and adapt to this realisation. In countries with a history and tradition of multilingual and bilingual education like South Africa, Canada, Luxembourg and Belgium and also in countries where immigration results in issues of multilingual and bilingual challenging society like in the USA one finds a great variety of answers to these problems posed. The situation in Germany is different, because bilingualism became an issue only fairly recently due to the actual demands brought by the European union. In South Africa the social context determines largely that people are inclined to bi- and multilingualism and the educational system tries to promote this predisposition by means of bi- or multilingual models in schools, so that the learners become efficient facing the bi- and multilingual challenges of their diverse and pluralistic society. In the USA on the other hand the need arises to provide for minority groups, so that they can retain their mother tongue (e.g. Spanish) while becoming fluent in the predominant language (i.e. American). Lastly the new development of the European Union has led Germany to actively promote bi- und multilingual education to aid the integration of Germans in the Union. The various models developed in these countries are studied in the wide variety of their different social and historical contexts. The main part of the study comprises a systematic overview of the various bilingual education models that are being implemented in different countries. These countries include the USA, Canada, Germany, Luxembourg, Belgium and lastly and more detailed, South Africa. A number of different circumstances surrounding bi- or multilingualism in the various countries have given rise to a large variety of models attempting to address the challenges posed by the various issues. A number of different goals have been addressed and the results have been just as varied. This leads to a concluding comparison of the western and European models with those of the South African models. Much research has been done on bi- and multilingualism and specifically bilingual education, as humans since earliest times were concerned with this subject. For my study I have relied mainly on more recent sources (1990 to the present) from the USA, Canada and Germany. However as the academic study of this issue has been going on for quite a time in some countries like South Africa, I have also referred to older books and journals (1945<). Due to the overwhelming information about this subject a drastic limitation of sources was necessary.
Dissertation (MA (German))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Modern European Languages
unrestricted

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Tesis sobre el tema "Pluralismo globale"

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