Artículos de revistas: "Playgrounds, United States: Pennsylvania"

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Jefferson M. Moak. "Researching United States Citizenship in Pennsylvania". Pennsylvania Legacies 16, n.º 2 (2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5215/pennlega.16.2.0034.

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Geyer, Nathaniel R., Fritz C. Kessler y Eugene J. Lengerich. "LionVu 2.0 Usability Assessment for Pennsylvania, United States". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n.º 11 (23 de octubre de 2020): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110619.

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The Penn State Cancer Initiative implemented LionVu 1.0 (Penn State University, United States) in 2017 as a web-based mapping tool to educate and inform public health professionals about the cancer burden in Pennsylvania and 28 counties in central Pennsylvania, locally known as the catchment area. The purpose of its improvement, LionVu 2.0, was to assist investigators answer person–place–time questions related to cancer and its risk factors by examining several data variables simultaneously. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a usability assessment of a prototype of LionVu 2.0 which included area- and point-based data. The assessment was conducted through an online survey; 10 individuals, most of whom had a masters or doctorate degree, completed the survey. Although most participants had a favorable view of LionVu 2.0, many had little to no experience with web mapping. Therefore, it was not surprising to learn that participants wanted short 10–15-minute training videos to be available with future releases, and a simplified user-interface that removes advanced functionality. One unexpected finding was the suggestion of using LionVu 2.0 for teaching and grant proposals. The usability study of the prototype of LionVu 2.0 provided important feedback for its future development.

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Gajewski, K., A. M. Swain y G. M. Peterson. "Late Holocene Pollen Stratigraphy in Four Northeastern United States Lakes". Géographie physique et Quaternaire 41, n.º 3 (18 de diciembre de 2007): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032693ar.

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ABSTRACT Four pollen diagrams from Maine, New York, and Pennsylvania provide fine resolution (40 or 80 years) records of vegetation change in northeastern United States during the past 2000 years. A long term increase in pollen accumulation rates (PAR) of Picea occurred at the three sites in Maine and New York. Around 1100 years ago, Tsuga and Fagus decreased and Quercus and Castanea increased at Ely Lake in northeastern Pennsylvania. Around 500 years ago, Tsuga and Fagus greatly decreased in Maine and northern New York, while in northeastern Pennsylvania there was an increase in Tsuga and Fagus and a decrease in Quercus and Castanea pollen. Non-arboreal PAR were negligible prior to the European settlement of the area, after which there was an abrupt increase in non-arboreal pollen types.

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Budd, Kristen M., Christina Mancini y David M. Bierie. "Parks, Playgrounds, and Incidents of Sexual Assault". Sexual Abuse 31, n.º 5 (7 de septiembre de 2018): 580–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063218797712.

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In the United States, certain laws restrict those convicted of sexually offending from accessing social spaces where youth congregate such as parks and playgrounds. However, empirical work to date has rarely described sexual assaults in these locations or tested the assumptions of these laws explicitly. To address these gaps in the literature, we drew on the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to analyze offender, victim, and crime characteristics of sexual assaults that occurred at parks and playgrounds over a 5-year period (2010-2015). Estimated via multivariate logistic regression, results showed support for these law’s assumptions when analyzing this particular location. However, stranger perpetrators were significantly more likely to sexually assault adult victims versus youth victims. Several other offense features distinguished youth versus adult victim sexual assault incidents at parks and playgrounds, such as the offender age, the use of force, and the injuries sustained by the victim. Collectively, these findings both support and challenge these types of social space restriction laws.

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Felland, C. M., L. A. Hull, D. A. J. Teulon y E. Alan Cameron. "OVERWINTERING OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) IN PENNSYLVANIA". Canadian Entomologist 125, n.º 5 (octubre de 1993): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent125971-5.

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Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), originally distributed throughout western North America (Bryan and Smith 1956), have since spread to greenhouses in the eastern United States and Canada, and to many other parts of the world (Brodsgaard 1989). Populations have established outdoors in the southeastern United States (Chamberlin et al. 1992) and in several other warm regions of the world (Brodsgaard 1993). but have failed to establish in Ontario (Broadbent and Hunt 1991) and the northern parts of Europe (Brodsgaard 1993). We have not found reports of western flower thrips overwintering outdoors in the northeastern United States.

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Shachmurove, Yochanan. "A historical overview of financial crises in the United States". Economics and Business Review 11, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2011): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2011.1.864.

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One of the few constants since the United States declared its independence is the presence of frequent financial crises with similar causes. In the nineteenth century, these panics were frequent with eight occurring over the century. However, following the Second World War there was a period of relative calm, which may have led to complacency. The Savings and Loans and the current financial crises have shown that these events remain a very real threat to economic stability. I have greatly benefitted from research assistance by Zach Winston from Pennsylvania State University and Gregory Kauffman from the University of Pennsylvania. (original abstract)

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Tuckel, Peter, William Milczarski y David G. Silverman. "Injuries Caused by Falls From Playground Equipment in the United States". Clinical Pediatrics 57, n.º 5 (2 de octubre de 2017): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922817732618.

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The objective of this study is to document the incidence of falls from playground equipment in the United States over time and to provide a detailed profile of the individuals injured in playground falls using several state and national databases. During the past decade, there has been a steep decline in the number of injuries treated in emergency departments caused by falls from playground equipment in the United States. Males, children between the ages of 5 to 9 years, and individuals from lower economic strata are overrepresented among those suffering an injury. Falls from monkey bars result in the greatest number of injuries (52%). Schools/day care centers and recreation areas each account for approximately 40% of injuries. The incidence of injuries occurring at home playgrounds has declined sharply in recent years. Fracture of the upper limb is the type of injury most often associated with a fall from playground equipment (43%).

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Mugleston, William. "Jenkins, A History Of The United States". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 23, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 1998): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.23.1.39-40.

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This is a difficult book to review, because I am uncertain for whom it is intended. In 297 pages Philip Jenkins, Professor of History and Religious Studies at Pennsylvania State University, deftly and succinctly surveys the major bases of U.S. history--political, economic, social, and cultural developments. It is a small masterpiece of compression, and this, unfortunately, might be its weakness as far as high school and college classroom use is concerned. For students largely unfamiliar with this nation's history, the sweeping generalities encountered here will come across as just that, generalizations with no human flesh and blood attached.

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Ahmed, Bilaal S., Michael J. Beck, Gregory Williamson, Jessica E. Ericson y Parvathi Kumar. "Pediatric Tetanus in Central Pennsylvania". Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 8, n.º 4 (4 de septiembre de 2018): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piy086.

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Abstract Approximately 20% of the nationally reported tetanus infections in children aged 0 to 14 years that occurred in the United States between 2005 and 2015 were treated at Penn State Children’s Hospital. With an electronic medical record search, we identified 5 cases of pediatric tetanus; 100% of these cases occurred in unimmunized children. Their median length of stay was 10 days, and the costs were significant.

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Orton, Elizabeth y Chris Schlag. "Creating a Model of Cyber Proficiency: Remodeling Law Enforcement Tactics in Pittsburgh to Address the Evolving Nature of Cybersecurity". Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 14, n.º 2 (23 de mayo de 2014): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2014.144.

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Uskokovic, Evangelina, Theo Uskokovic y Vuk Uskokovic. "watching children play: toward the earth in bliss". childhood & philosophy 18 (30 de abril de 2022): 01–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/childphilo.2022.65791.

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Watching children at play is favorite pastime for many elderlies. However, the growing safety concerns have prompted parents to become increasingly resistant to the idea of having strangers watch their children in parks and playgrounds. This creates an intergenerational gap in communication with potentially detrimental consequences for all social groups. Oral interviews were conducted and written surveys distributed that validated the hesitance of seniors, especially in the United States, to spend time at children’s playgrounds despite their finding the vicinity of children stimulating. Behavioral observations were conducted at playgrounds to quantify the positive and negative effects of supervisors’ ages on children’s play and thus indirectly assess whether there can be mutual benefits of making the presence of older people at playgrounds, which is customary in many countries, more culturally acceptable. Observations focused on the behavior of a pair of siblings showed that there is an increased probability of both conflicts and joyful expressions when the children were in the presence of a middle-aged person than when they were watched over by the elderlies. This has suggested that freer expressions stimulated in the presence of parent-like figures simultaneously induce the undesired and the desired behavioral patterns in the form of propensities for conflict and propensities for expressions of joy, respectively. This has confirmed that the observational stance has a critical effect on the observational outcome and that the age of the watchers has an effect on the behavior of children at play, with the age correlating directly with the calmness of the play, but also with a lower degree of exhilaration.

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12

Weber, Warren E. "Interbank payments relationships in the antebellum United States: evidence from Pennsylvania". Journal of Monetary Economics 50, n.º 2 (marzo de 2003): 455–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3932(03)00008-4.

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Gagen, Elizabeth A. "An Example to Us All: Child Development and Identity Construction in Early 20th-Century Playgrounds". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 32, n.º 4 (abril de 2000): 599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3237.

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At the turn of the 20th century, children's play came under new and heightened scrutiny by urban reformers. As conditions in US cities threatened traditional notions of order, reformers sought new ways to direct urban-social development. In this paper I explore playground reform as an institutional response that aimed to produce and promote ideal gender identities in children. Supervised summer playgrounds were established across the United States as a means of drawing children off the street and into a corrective environment. Drawing from literature published by the Playground Association of America and a case study of playground management in Cambridge, MA, I explore playground training as a means of constructing gender identities in and through public space. Playground reformers asserted, drawing from child development theory, that the child's body was a conduit through which ‘inner’ identity surfaced. The child's body became a site through which gender identities could be both monitored and produced, compelling reformers to locate playgrounds in public, visible settings. Reformers' conviction that exposing girls to public vision threatened their development motivated a series of spatial restrictions. Whereas boys were unambiguously displayed to public audiences, girls' playgrounds were organised to accommodate this fear. Playground reformers' shrewd spatial tactics exemplify the ways in which institutional authorities conceive of and deploy space toward the construction of identity.

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Adams, EF, G. Just, S. De Young y L. Temmler. "Organ donation: comparison of nurses' participation in two states". American Journal of Critical Care 2, n.º 4 (1 de julio de 1993): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1993.2.4.310.

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BACKGROUND: The number of organs available for transplantation in the United States is insufficient, and the donor rate in New Jersey is particularly low. OBJECTIVES: To explore reasons nurses do or do not refer organ donors and to identify factors that contribute to differences in referral rates in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. METHODS: Registered nurses (N = 976) in 57 nongovernmental acute care hospitals, primarily in emergency departments and intensive care units, completed a questionnaire that focused on their knowledge and participation in the organ procurement process. RESULTS: Two-thirds of the subjects said they had participated in organ procurement. Pennsylvania nurses had a significantly higher involvement rate than New Jersey nurses. Pennsylvania nurses were also slightly more knowledgeable about the process. A higher proportion of nurses in both states who attended continuing education programs participated. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses need more inservice education regarding policies and procedures for organ donation.

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Branas, Charles C., David Rubin y Wensheng Guo. "Vacant Properties and Violence in Neighborhoods". ISRN Public Health 2012 (14 de noviembre de 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/246142.

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Objectives. Violence remains a significant public health issue in the United States. To determine if urban vacant properties were associated with an increased risk of assaultive violence and if this association was modified by important neighborhood institutions (e.g., schools, parks/playgrounds, police stations, and alcohol outlets). Methods. Longitudinal ecologic study of all 1816 block groups in Philadelphia. Aggravated assault and vacant property data were compiled yearly from 2002 to 2006 and linked to block groups. A mixed effects negative binomial regression model examined the association of vacant properties and assaults between and within block groups. Results. Among all block groups, 84% experienced at least one vacant property, 89% at least one aggravated assault, and 64% at least one gun assault. Between block groups, the risk of aggravated assault increased 18% for every category shift of vacant properties (IRR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.25, ). Parks/playgrounds and alcohol outlets potentially modified the association between vacant properties and aggravated assaults but only at low levels of vacancy. Conclusions. Increasing levels of vacancy were associated with increased risk of assaultive violence in urban block groups.

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Pifer, Ross. "Pennsylvania--Recent Developments in Pennsylvania Jurisprudence Related to Oil and Gas Leasing and Conveyancing". Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 6, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2020): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v6.i3.15.

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Pennsylvania is the largest producer of shale gas in the United States and is the second-largest natural gas-producing state overall. Owing to its strategic location atop the Marcellus and Utica Shale Formations, Pennsylvania’s position as a major natural gas producer is relatively new. Just a little over a decade ago, Pennsylvania ranked sixteenth among states in total natural gas production. With this rapid rise in the amount of natural gas development, there has been a corresponding increase in activity in courtrooms across Pennsylvania—both in state and federal courts. As a result, Pennsylvania oil and gas law has evolved within a number of different legal areas, with leasing and title issues perhaps being among the most frequent—and most important—topics that have been addressed by courts. This survey will address the 2019 reported judicial opinions issued by state courts in Pennsylvania that address oil and gas leasing and title issues.

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Roy, Mark A. "U.S. Loyalty Program for Certain un Employees Declared Unconstitutional". American Journal of International Law 80, n.º 4 (octubre de 1986): 984–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202087.

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On April 8,1986, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania held, in the case of Hinton v. Devine (Civ. No. 84-1130), that Executive Order No. 10422 of January 9, 1953, as amended, under which the International Organizations Employees Loyalty Program had been instituted, was unconstitutional in that it violated the First Amendment rights of American citizens. The district court also enjoined the United States Government “from publishing, communicating, or advising any third parties, including any international organizations, as to the loyalty of William H. Hinton or any other United States citizen.”

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Jarvela, Stephen, Kevin Boyd y Robert Gadinski. "TRANGUCH GASOLINE SITE CASE HISTORY". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2003): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-637.

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ABSTRACT A team, consisting of the United States Environmental Protection Agency; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection; Pennsylvania Department of Health; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; United States Coast Guard and United States Army Corps of Engineers, has completed major steps to provide a safe and healthy environment for the residents of Laurel Gardens, Hazleton, PA. What started as a simple underground gasoline leak took on more serious dimensions when gasoline vapors were found in nearby homes. The investigation and mitigation expanded to include over 400 properties. The remediation consists of a ground water treatment system and a soil vapor extraction system. This paper and its presenters look at the critical aspects of this case as the investigation went from subsurface soil and ground water contamination impacting surface water to the contamination of indoor air. It examines the impact of preferential pathways that include sanitary and storm sewers as well as a 19th century abandoned coal mine. In addition to the technical aspects, this examination looks at the public health and community issues that have surrounded this case.

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Bunn, Taylor D., Leanne Howell y Lacy K. Crocker Papadakis. "Fair Play: A Qualitative Exploration of Visitor Behavior at PlayGrand Adventures All-Abilities Playground". Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice 7, n.º 2 (9 de mayo de 2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ie.2022.206.

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People with disabilities in the United States have access to a fraction of engaging play experiences available to others due to playground design choices, minimal legal requirements, and societal acceptance of the status quo. PlayGrand Adventures, the first and largest all-abilities playground in North Texas, meets this need by providing engaging play opportunities for everyone. This qualitative case study explores and describes community engagement at PlayGrand Adventures, informed by principles of environmental reciprocity supported by Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (1986) and Gibson’s Affordance Theory (1979). The researcher collected data on community perception and engagement via a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and playground observations. The study fills a gap in academic research on all-abilities playgrounds in the United States to increase awareness of the systemic underserving of people with disabilities in this country and provides a potential solution. The researcher offers initial recommendations for PlayGrand Adventures’ future development and implementation with implications for replication in other cities.

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McDonough, Patrick L., David Fogelman, Sang J. Shin, Michael A. Brunner y Donald H. Lein. "Salmonella enterica Serotype Dublin Infection: an Emerging Infectious Disease for the Northeastern United States". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, n.º 8 (1999): 2418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.8.2418-2427.1999.

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Salmonella enterica subspecies entericaserotype Dublin (S. enterica Dublin) emerged for the first time in New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio in 1988. Since that time this host-adapted serotype has spread throughout the veal- and dairy beef-raising operations in the region; very few dairy farms have experienced clinical S. enterica Dublin infections. This study details the epidemiology of the outbreaks in cattle. During the period 1988 through 1995, nine New York and four Pennsylvania counties have been affected; 13 different locations were involved in New York, and 10 were involved in Pennsylvania. The morbidity and mortality and seasonal distribution of outbreaks, which totaled 35, is described. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates revealed that many of the strains were resistant to a number of commonly used drugs. Clinical case details and pathology information are provided, with a caution to clinicians and microbiologists presented with suspect animals, i.e., most cases occurred in older calves, which is atypical for salmonellosis for this region (calves were 8 or more weeks old) and presented as pneumonia and septicemia rather than the primarily diarrheal syndrome that is more typically recognized for the region. The epidemiology of cases is analyzed through cluster analysis of bacterial isolates and their fatty acid methyl ester profiles; at least six clones appeared in the region during the study period. Results of the epidemiology analysis are used to support a hypothesis regarding the source of S. enterica Dublin for the region and its manner of dissemination.

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Denham, A., M. Willis, A. Zavez y E. Hill. "Unconventional natural gas development and hospitalizations: evidence from Pennsylvania, United States, 2003–2014". Public Health 168 (marzo de 2019): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.020.

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Coad, Brian W. "Fishes of Pennsylvania and the Northeastern United States, by Edwin L. Cooper [Review]". Canadian field-naturalist 100, n.º 1 (1986): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.355564.

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Valitov, A. A. y V. S. Sulimov. "Formation and Development of Public Libraries in the United States in the XIX century (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania States)". Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], n.º 4 (28 de agosto de 2014): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2014-0-4-97-100.

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The article is devoted to the formation of system of public libraries in the North America in the New Age and describes the development of these libraries. The article shows the formation of the largest libraries in the United States.

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Adams, Sean Patrick. "Old Dominions and Industrial Commonwealths: The Political Economy of Coal in Virginia and Pennsylvania, 1810–1875". Enterprise & Society 1, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2000): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/1.4.675.

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During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, Great Britain utilized its extensive coal reserves to emerge as the world's leading industrial power. “If a patch of a few square miles has done so much for central England,” one British writer pondered in 1856, “what may fields containing many hundred square leagues do for the United States?” In the story of American coal, the two most important states on the eve of the nineteenth century were Virginia and Pennsylvania. Virginia was endowed with bituminous coal reserves in both the James River Basin and its western counties, while Pennsylvania enjoyed a virtual monopoly on American anthracite coal as well as a massive bituminous region west of the Allegheny Mountains.

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Larson, Janelle M., Jill L. Findeis y Stephen M. Smith. "Agricultural Adaptation to Urbanization in Southeastern Pennsylvania". Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 30, n.º 1 (abril de 2001): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000526.

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Most agricultural output in the northeastern United States comes from counties that have experienced significant development. A mail survey, with 300 responses, was conducted in southeastern Pennsylvania to determine farmer adaptation to urbanization in this region. Despite development, traditional agriculture still predominates. Changes in land use were examined using multinomial logit models. Results show that changes in population density and farm preservation policies have an influence, as increased population density reduced total land operated and having land in an agricultural security area increased it. Both differential assessment and agricultural security areas increased the cultivation of traditional, land extensive crops.

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Kilpatrick, Shelby Kerrin, Jason Gibbs, Martin M. Mikulas, Sven-Erik Spichiger, Nancy Ostiguy, David J. Biddinger y Margarita M. Lopez-Uribe. "An updated checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila) of Pennsylvania, United States of America". Journal of Hymenoptera Research 77 (29 de junio de 2020): 1–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.49622.

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Checklists provide information about the species found in a defined region and serve as baselines for detecting species range expansions, contractions, or introductions. Bees are a diverse and important group of insect pollinators. Although some bee populations are declining, these patterns are difficult to document and generalize due to a lack of long-term studies for most localities. Documenting the diversity of wild bee communities is critical for assessing pollination services, community ecology, and geographical and temporal changes in distribution and density. Here, an updated checklist of the bees of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, USA, is presented. Since the first checklist was published (2010; 372 species), thousands of additional specimens from the state have been collected and databased, new species have been described in the region, and the taxonomic status of some species have changed. Specimen data from insect collections, databases, scientific literature, and unpublished records were compared to the original checklist. Seventy-nine new state species records – including 49 first-time reports – representing five of the six bee families in North America, were documented resulting in a total of at least 437 bee species reported from Pennsylvania. We highlight new county records and species persistence details. Our list includes a total of 23 exotic species and at least five species of conservation concern. Lists of species excluded from the state checklist and species anticipated to occur in Pennsylvania are also included. This checklist provides baseline data for researchers and the public. The benefits of insect collections, specimen databases, determination and voucher labels, and georeferencing to biodiversity studies and other aspects of biological research are also discussed.

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Glenn, D. M., G. Puterka, T. Baugher, T. Unruh y S. Drake. "Hydrophobic Particle Films Improve Tree Fruit Productivity". HortScience 33, n.º 3 (junio de 1998): 548a—548. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.548a.

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Hydrophobic particle film technology (HPF) is a developing pest control system for tree fruit production systems. Studies were established in Chile, and Washington, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia in the United States, to evaluate the effect of HPF technology on tree fruit yield and quality. Studies in Chile, Washington, and West Virginia demonstrated increased photosynthetic rate at the leaf level. Yield was increased in peaches (Chile) and apples (West Virginia), and fruit size was increased in apples (Washington and Pennsylvania). Increased red color in apple was demonstrated at all sites with reduced russetting and `Stayman' cracking in Pennsylvania. HPF technology appears to be an effective tool in reducing water and heat stress in tree fruit resulting in increased fruit quality.

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Krebs, John W., Robert C. Holman, Urhonda Hines, Tara W. Strine, Eric J. Mandel y James E. Childs. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1991". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 201, n.º 12 (15 de diciembre de 1992): 1836–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1992.201.12.1836.

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Summary In 1991, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 6,972 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control. Ninety-one percent (6,354 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8.9% (618 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases of rabies increased 42.9% over that of 1990 (4,881 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in the mid-Atlantic and northeastern states. Large increases in cases of rabies in animals were reported from Connecticut (200 cases in 1991, compared with 3 in 1990, an increase of 6,567%), Delaware (197 cases in 1991, compared with 44 in 1990, an increase of 348%), New York (1,030 cases in 1991, compared with 242 in 1990, an increase of 326%), and New Jersey (994 cases in 1991, compared with 469 in 1990, an increase of 112%). Other noteworthy increases were reported by Wyoming (96.4%), Texas (69.7%), California (41.3%), Oklahoma (33.1%), Minnesota (31.4%), Georgia (26.7%), and Maryland (23.7%). Hawaii reported 1 imported case of rabies in a bat. Only 16 states reported decreases in rabies in animals in 1991, compared with 30 in 1990. Pennsylvania and Iowa reported decreases of 40.6% and 27.4%, respectively. Rhode Island was the only state that did not report a case of rabies in 1991.

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Uhaa, Iyorlumun J., Eric J. Mandel, Ruth Whiteway y Daniel B. Fishbein. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1990". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 200, n.º 7 (1 de abril de 1992): 920–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1992.200.07.920.

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Summary In 1990, the United States and its territories reported 4,881 cases of rabies in animals to the Centers for Disease Control, a 1.5% increase from 1989. Of these, 553 were domestic animals, 4,327 were wild animals, and one was a human being. Pennsylvania reported the highest number (611) of rabies cases in animals in 1990. For the first time since surveillance of rabies in wild animals was begun in the 1950s, the number of cases of rabies in raccoons exceeded that in skunks. Particularly large increases of cases of rabies in wild and domestic animals were reported in New Jersey (469 cases in 1990 compared with 50 cases in 1989, an increase of 838% from 1989) and New York (242 cases in 1990 compared with 54 cases in 1989, an increase of 348%). The 1,821 cases of rabies in raccoons represented a 17.9% increase over those reported in 1989 and 24.5% over those in 1988. This increase was largely attributable to the larger number of rabid raccoons in New Jersey and New York. Other states that reported an increased number of rabies cases in animals in 1990 included Utah (77.8%), Louisiana (64.7%), North Dakota (60.3%), Arizona (28.6%), Oklahoma (27.5%), Delaware (22.2%), and Maryland (20.6%). Thirty states reported a decrease in the number of cases of rabies in animals.

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Shuman, Bryan N. y Sara A. Burrell. "Centennial to millennial hydroclimatic fluctuations in the humid northeast United States during the Holocene". Quaternary Research 88, n.º 3 (4 de septiembre de 2017): 514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.62.

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AbstractPaleoclimate records indicate that the hydroclimate of the northeast United States changed continuously during the Holocene, but the signals of multi-century variations have been difficult to distinguish from local effects and noise. Systematic replication of the signals can help diagnose the patterns of change. Here, we use ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and sediment core analyses to extend and compare the regional network of lake-level records. We reconstruct the histories of two lakes in northeast Pennsylvania, which show that multi-century hydrologic changes observed in coastal New England extended to the Susquehanna River watershed. Correlations with isotopic and marine temperature records (r>0.65) indicate that high temperatures coincided with low water at 4.9–3.8 and 2.8–2.0 ka. Widely recognized Holocene events at ca. 4.2 and 2.7 ka, therefore, may have shared similar ocean-atmosphere dynamics in this region. Low water levels in Pennsylvania from ca. 5.5–4.9 ka, however, demonstrate that other multi-century changes had different patterns. At ca. 5.5 ka, anti-phased inland and coastal hydrologic changes followed a sharp temperature decline and produced drought possibly as far inland as the Great Lakes. The long-term increase in water levels since then underscores that current pluvial conditions in the region probably lack a Holocene precedent.

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31

Wilson, John F. "The Kingdom and the Republic: Sovereign Hawaiʻi and the Early United States, Noelani Arista (2019)". Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 10, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00119_5.

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Review of: The Kingdom and the Republic: Sovereign Hawaiʻi and the Early United States, Noelani Arista (2019) Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 312 pp., ISBN 978 0 81222 491 7 (hbk), US$45.00 Hawaiʻi: Eight Hundred Years of Political and Economic Change, Sumner La Croix (2019) Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 376 pp., ISBN 978 0 22659 209 1 (pbk), US$64.00

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32

Price, Keith J., Christine B. Graham, Bryn J. Witmier, Holly A. Chapman, Brooke L. Coder, Christian N. Boyer, Erik Foster et al. "Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto DNA in Field-Collected Haemaphysalis longicornis Ticks, Pennsylvania, United States". Emerging Infectious Diseases 27, n.º 2 (febrero de 2021): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2702.201552.

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33

Dokheel, T. M. "An Epidemic of Childhood Diabetes in the United States?: Evidence from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania". Diabetes Care 16, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 1993): 1606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.16.12.1606.

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34

Geyer, N. R., J. L. Moss, M. Wang y E. J. Lengerich. "Spatial relationship between ambulatory surgery centers and colorectal cancer mortality within Pennsylvania, United States". Public Health 189 (diciembre de 2020): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.018.

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35

Lackey, Greg, Harihar Rajaram, James Bolander, Owen A. Sherwood, Joseph N. Ryan, Chung Yan Shih, Grant S. Bromhal y Robert M. Dilmore. "Public data from three US states provide new insights into well integrity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n.º 14 (22 de marzo de 2021): e2013894118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013894118.

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Oil and gas wells with compromised integrity are a concern because they can potentially leak hydrocarbons or other fluids into groundwater and/or the atmosphere. Most states in the United States require some form of integrity testing, but few jurisdictions mandate widespread testing and open reporting on a scale informative for leakage risk assessment. In this study, we searched 33 US state oil and gas regulatory agency databases and identified records useful for evaluating well integrity in Colorado, New Mexico, and Pennsylvania. In total, we compiled 474,621 testing records from 105,031 wells across these states into a uniform dataset. We found that 14.1% of wells tested prior to 2018 in Pennsylvania exhibited sustained casing pressure (SCP) or casing vent flow (CVF)—two indicators of compromised well integrity. Data from different hydrocarbon-producing regions within Colorado and New Mexico revealed a wider range (0.3 to 26.5%) of SCP and/or CVF occurrence than previously reported, highlighting the need to better understand regional trends in well integrity. Directional wells were more likely to exhibit SCP and/or CVF than vertical wells in Colorado and Pennsylvania, and their installation corresponded with statewide increases in SCP and/or CVF occurrence in Colorado (2005 to 2009) and Pennsylvania (2007 to 2011). Testing the ground around wells for indicators of gas leakage is not a widespread practice in the states considered. However, 3.0% of Colorado wells tested and 0.1% of New Mexico wells tested exhibited a degree of SCP sufficient to potentially induce leakage outside the well.

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St Laurent, Ryan A., Lawrence E. Reeves y Akito Y. Kawahara. "Cicinnus chambersi: a new species of sack-bearer moth (Lepidoptera, Mimallonidae, Cicinninae) from southeastern Arizona, USA". ZooKeys 931 (30 de abril de 2020): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.931.50203.

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A new species of cicinnine Mimallonidae, Cicinnus chambersisp. nov., is described from the Sky Islands Region of southern Arizona, USA. The new species is closely related to C. mexicana (Druce), type locality Veracruz, Mexico, based on morphology and genetics. The other Cicinnus species known from the United States, the common C. melsheimeri (type locality Pennsylvania, USA) is morphologically and genetically distinct from both C. chambersi and C. mexicana. The new species is compared to C. mexicana and C. melsheimeri, as well as other Mexican Cicinnus. The life history of C. chambersi is unknown, but its description should facilitate future studies on this rarely reported North American mimallonid, a species which may have only recently become established in the United States. Cicinnus chambersi is the fifth known Mimallonidae species from the United States, and the first described from the country in nearly half a century.

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37

Morey, Elsie Darrah. "William Culp Darrah (1909–1989)". Journal of Paleontology 64, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1990): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000019119.

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William C. Darrah, educator, geologist, botanist, and historian, loved life, and he chose to share with others his genuine enjoyment of discovery and learning through his writing and teaching. His A Critical Review of the Upper Carboniferous Floras of the Eastern United States (1970) and nearly a hundred professional papers made his name familiar to many paleontologists in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States. It is interesting to note that early in his career Bill developed an interest in the early conifers, especially Walchia. At the time of his death, he had just completed a manuscript with Paul Lyons, “The Earliest Conifers in North America: Upland and/or Paleoclimatic Indicators?,” “which has been accepted for publication in PALAIOS. Most recently, having attended the International Geological Conference in the United States in 1933, Bill had hoped to present a paper on the Dunkard at the July 1989 IGC in Washington, D.C.

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38

ROSEN, CHARLOTTE E. "The Armed Career Criminal Act and the Puzzle of Federal Crime Control in the Reagan Era: “It’s at the state and local levels that problems exist”". Journal of Policy History 35, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 2023): 161–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030622000288.

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AbstractThis article examines how Pennsylvania Senator Arlen Specter’s Armed Career Criminal Act attempted to respond to the 1980s crisis of state prison overcrowding while also maintaining a political commitment to get tough on crime. Although commonly thought of as a straightforward punitive sentencing bill, this article shows that the Armed Career Criminal Act was also a desperate attempt to navigate a national crisis of state prison overcrowding in the 1980s that threatened to undercut racialized “get tough” politics and the burgeoning carceral state. In doing so, this article reshapes scholarship on the history of the United States carceral state by demonstrating that the United States’ decentralized political structure and federal government hostility toward funding state correctional expansion created significant gaps between a national discourse of law and order and actual anticrime policy making in the Reagan era, suggesting a far more contested development of the United States prison nation.

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39

Tenover, Fred C., Linda M. Weigel, Peter C. Appelbaum, Linda K. McDougal, Jasmine Chaitram, Sigrid McAllister, Nancye Clark et al. "Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate from a Patient in Pennsylvania". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, n.º 1 (enero de 2004): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.1.275-280.2004.

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ABSTRACT A vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolate was obtained from a patient in Pennsylvania in September 2002. Species identification was confirmed by standard biochemical tests and analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA, gyrA, and gyrB sequences; all of the results were consistent with the S. aureus identification. The MICs of a variety of antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution and macrodilution methods following National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. The isolate was resistant to vancomycin (MIC = 32 μg/ml), aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracycline, but it was susceptible to linezolid, minocycline, quinupristin-dalfopristin, rifampin, teicoplanin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The isolate, which was originally detected by using disk diffusion and a vancomycin agar screen plate, was vancomycin susceptible by automated susceptibility testing methods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI-digested genomic DNA indicated that the isolate belonged to the USA100 lineage (also known as the New York/Japan clone), the most common staphylococcal PFGE type found in hospitals in the United States. The VRSA isolate contained two plasmids of 120 and 4 kb and was positive for mecA and vanA by PCR amplification. The vanA sequence was identical to the vanA sequence present in Tn1546. A DNA probe for vanA hybridized to the 120-kb plasmid. This is the second VRSA isolate reported in the United States.

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40

Bhatti, Alexandra, Cristina Carias y Ya-Ting Chen. "1380. Current status of the legal landscape regarding Rotavirus Vaccination in the United States". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1 de octubre de 2020): S699—S700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1562.

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Abstract Background In the US, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended routine rotavirus vaccination for all infants in 2006. Since then, rotavirus (RV) vaccination coverage (VC) has increased; however, RV VC is still below that of other routine childhood vaccines. All states require children to be vaccinated against certain communicable diseases as a condition for childcare attendance; other states require that children with diarrhea are excluded from childcare. Given the potential impact of these policies on VC, we sought to understand the legal landscape affecting rotavirus (RV) vaccination. Methods Legal epidemiological methods using Westlaw NEXT database were used to complete a systematic assessment of RV vaccination requirements for childcare entry and evaluate the ease at which non-medical exemptions are attained. These methods were also used to evaluate state diarrhea childcare exclusion policies. Results Six states require RV vaccination for childcare attendance: Wyoming (2018); Ohio and Rhode Island (2015); Idaho (2011); North Dakota (2008); and Pennsylvania (2002) (Figure 1). All 6 states permit non-medical exemption that allow children to be exempt from vaccination. Ohio, North Dakota, and Pennsylvania are the most lenient, only requiring parental signature to withdraw from vaccination; while Wyoming is the least lenient, requiring a signed notarized official document. Childcare diarrhea exclusion policies were found in 28 states. Rotavirus Vaccination Requirements for Childcare Entry by State as of 2019. Conclusion To date, a minority of states have implemented RV vaccination policies while more states have diarrhea exclusion policies. However, vaccination policies may play a role in increasing VC and consequently lower acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea burden. In 2017, the VC for the full series of RV vaccination was 73.2%. Four of the states that have RV state vaccination policies had higher state-wide vaccination coverages than the national average. Given the concern in reducing diarrhea transmission, as evidenced by the large number of diarrhea exclusion policies, and the potential impact of policies on higher VC which may result in greater protection and reduction in RV disease, considerations should be given to implementing such policies in more states. Disclosures Alexandra Bhatti, JD, MPH, Merck (Employee) Cristina Carias, PhD, Merck (Employee, Shareholder) Ya-Ting Chen, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)

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41

Li, Harrison y Brian A. Colle. "Multidecadal Changes in the Frequency and Ambient Conditions of Warm Season Convective Storms over the Northeastern United States". Journal of Climate 27, n.º 19 (24 de septiembre de 2014): 7285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00785.1.

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Abstract Long-term changes in warm season (April–September) convective storm frequency over the northeastern United States (NEUS) and the environmental conditions favoring such storms are explored from 1979 to 2010. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to create thresholds for predicting annual warm season convective storm frequency over various small regions of the NEUS by relating the convective precipitation fields from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) along with reflectivity data from the National Operational Weather Radar (NOWrad) archive at 2-km grid spacing from 1996 to 2006 to convective parameters in the reanalyses. On average, convective frequency is greatest across inland areas of the NEUS, particularly southern Pennsylvania, with a sharp decrease along the immediate coast. Across western Pennsylvania convective storm frequency has significantly (p < 0.01) decreased from 1979 to 2010, while closer to the coast convective frequency has increased slightly. There has also been a corresponding trend in warm season convective precipitation amounts, with decreasing amounts over inland Pennsylvania and increasing amounts near the coast. This general pattern of inland decreases and coastal increases is largely related to trends in low-level instability, which are attributable mainly to changes in low-level moisture. Analyzing convective parameters over small regions is an important consideration for future climate studies of convection, since using a single LDA threshold over a region encompassing a large portion of the NEUS failed to capture significant spatial differences in convective frequency and was substantially less accurate than using separate thresholds for smaller regions of the NEUS.

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42

Teulon, David A. J., E. Alan Cameron y Sueo Nakahara. "THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA) DIVERSITY IN A SUGAR MAPLE (ACERACEAE) PLANTATION". Canadian Entomologist 131, n.º 5 (octubre de 1999): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent131629-5.

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Recent damage to sugar maple, Acer saccharurn Marsh., by pear thnps, Taeniothrips inconsequens, in the northeast of the United States and adjacent parts of Canada has led to much research on this pest (Teulon et al. 1993; Teulon and Cameron 1996; Parker and Skinner 1997). A detailed description of the univoltine pear thrips' life history is reported in Teulon et al. (1998). Although T: inconsequens is the dominant species in sugar maple, other thrips may also be important as herbivores, detritivores, or predators and need to be taken into account in sampling or monitoring programmes. This article describes the diversity of thrips in a sugar maple plantation in central Pennsylvania, United States.

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43

Dowding, Keith, Andrew Hindmoor y Aaron Martin. "The Comparative Policy Agendas Project: theory, measurement and findings". Journal of Public Policy 36, n.º 1 (29 de mayo de 2015): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x15000124.

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AbstractThe Policy Agendas Project (PAP) was developed in the United States in the early 1990s as a means of collecting data on the contents of the policy agenda. The PAP coding method has subsequently been employed in the United Kingdom, a number of European countries, Canada, Israel, New Zealand, as well as the state of Pennsylvania (http://www.comparativeagendas.org/). What does PAP measure? How does it measure it? What does it find? How does it explain what it finds? We use these questions to structure our review.

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44

Oropesa, R. S. y Leif Jensen. "Dominican Immigrants and Discrimination in a New Destination: The Case of Reading, Pennsylvania". City & Community 9, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2010): 274–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2010.01330.x.

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The last decade has witnessed the diversification of immigrant destinations in the United States. Although the literature on this phenomenon is burgeoning, research on the experiences of smaller immigrant groups in new destinations is underdeveloped. This is especially the case for those from the Dominican Republic, a group that is expanding beyond the traditional gateway cities of the Northeast. Using a survey of Dominican immigrants in Reading, Pennsylvania, this study has two objectives. the first objective is to describe the prevalence of experiences with institutional and interpersonal discrimination. the second objective is to determine the extent to which these experiences are structured around racial markers (i.e., skin tone), forms of capital, forms of incorporation, and exposure to the United States. Our results show that a substantial minority of Dominican immigrants claims to have been treated unfairly, primarily because of their “race and ethnicity.” in addition, experiences with some types of discrimination are positively associated with skin tone (i.e., darkness) and several factors that are identified in models of assimilation.

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45

Minderhout, David y Andrea Frantz. "Native Americans in the Pennsylvania School Curriculum". Practicing Anthropology 31, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2009): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.31.1.v845722p5pn31007.

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In the 2000 U. S. Census, 18,348 people in Pennsylvania indicated that they were Native Americans, an increase of nearly 50% since 1990; another 34,302 identified themselves as "part-Indian." These numbers likely reflect a trend towards a greater acceptance of Native American status in the United States generally and in Pennsylvania in particular. This trend has been going on since the 1960s with the rise of the Red Power movement, and a changing American society that increasingly saw Native Americans as environmentally friendly and historically wronged. Today, in Pennsylvania, hardly a weekend goes by without a powwow or a tribal gathering somewhere in the state. In our on-going research with Pennsylvania's Native Americans since 2004, we have found them to be both proud of their identity and heritage and increasingly frustrated with the lack of recognition they receive from the state and the larger, non-Indian population. Pennsylvania is one of very few states that neither contains a reservation nor officially recognizes any Native American group. No university-level Native American cultural center or studies program exists within the state, and no state agency is dedicated to the issues and concerns of Native Americans. This is ironic because the first two hundred years of European history in Pennsylvania is one of extensive interaction, cooperation and eventually conflict with Native Americans. But, as will be seen in this paper, Native Americans have largely disappeared from the state history books.

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Fredericksen, Todd S., Brad D. Ross, Wayne Hoffman, Eric Ross, Michael L. Morrison, Jan Beyea, Michael B. Lester y Bradley N. Johnson. "The Impact of Logging on Wildlife: A Study in Northeastern Pennsylvania". Journal of Forestry 98, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2000): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/98.4.4.

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Abstract Seeing and conserving wildlife are among the most important management objectives for nonindustrial private landowners in the eastern United States. Landowners want profitable timber harvests but also want to know how harvesting will affect their wildlife. The study examined associations between stand characteristics and wildlife abundance on 40 stands receiving different logging intensities in northeastern Pennsylvania and found that landowners have some choices when harvesting their stands for retaining or attracting different types of wildlife.

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47

Beck, Joshua J. y Richard O. Garris. "Managing Personal Finance Literacy in the United States: A Case Study". Education Sciences 9, n.º 2 (12 de junio de 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9020129.

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This study investigates the perspectives and impact that personal finance education had on participants in Western Pennsylvania. The researchers begin with a literature review of personal finance courses in the United States (U.S.). The U.S. housing market collapse is also discussed as a key component of the financial crisis that is often overlooked and can be partly attributed to the lack of financial literacy. The findings of this study indicate that participants want personal finance courses offered in K-12 schools and at the collegiate level. They also want personal finance elements to be co-curricular in the K-12 setting. A recommendation based on responses from participants is that co-curricular teaching of personal finance should be tied in with math courses. The participants of this study either have benefited from personal finance lessons themselves or are a strong advocate for the teaching of personal finance in the future. The financial future does also bring worry to the different generations. Generation X is more worried about the financial choices of the upcoming generations, while Millennials and Generation Z are concerned about the future of the economy and how this will affect them.

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48

FRANCL, KAREN E., TESSA K. CANNIFF, BLAND R. CRAIG, DALE W. SPARKS y VIRGIL BRACK,. "QUANTIFYING WING DAMAGE OF SUMMER BATS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES". Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 86, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2012): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.86.1.0041.

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ABSTRACT While conducting mist net surveys for the federally endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) in West Virginia, New York, and Pennsylvania, we quantified wing damage on 422 bats of four species: big brown (Eptesicus fuscus, N = 190), eastern red (Lasiurus borealis, N = 82), little brown (M. lucifugus, N = 55), and northern myotis (M. septentrionalis, N = 95) bats. From 15 May – 15 August 2010, we photographed back-lit wings to reveal damage such as scars, holes, and blotching (non-uniform pigmentation). After quantifying the percent cover of these damage types using image-analysis software, we used generalized non-linear mixed models to determine if percent area of damage differed among scores associated with the categorical wing damage index (WDI) developed by Reichard and Kunz (2009). Although quantified damage did generally increase with WDI score across all species, statistical separation by WDI was only documented for the big brown bat (blotching, scars, blotching + scars combined) and northern myotis (blotching, blotching + scars). We suggest that studies like ours can provide quantitative species-specific datasets that can be examined in a more precise manner than a categorical index.

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Carey, Matthew, Ida Nielsen Sølvhøj, Eve Monique Zucker, Younes Saramifar y Louis Frankenthaler. "Book Reviews". Conflict and Society 3, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2017): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2017.030117.

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THE GRECANICI OF SOUTHERN ITALY: Governance, Violence, and Minority Politics By Stavroula Pipyrou. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. 256 pp. Hardback. ISBN 978-0-8122-4830-2.FOUR DECADES ON: Vietnam, the United States, and the Legacies of the Second Indochina War Edited by Scott Laderman and Edwin A. Martini. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013. 334 pp. Paperback. ISBN 978-0-8223-5474-1.FROM THE LAND OF SHADOWS: War, Revolution, and the Making of the Cambodian Diaspora By Khatharya Um. New York: New York University Press, 2015. 272 pp. Hardback. ISBN 978-1-4798-0473-3.NATIONALISM, LANGUAGE, AND MUSLIM EXCEPTIONALISM By Tristan James Mabry. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015. 264 pp. Hardback. ISBN 978-0-8122-4691-9.CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS IN ISRAEL: Citizenship, Sacrifice, Trials of Fealty By Erica Weiss. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014. 216 pp. Hardback. ISBN 978-0-8122-4592-9.

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50

Allard, Silas W. "Global and Local Challenges to Refugee Protection". International Journal of Legal Information 46, n.º 1 (marzo de 2018): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jli.2018.10.

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On October 12, 2017, the United States Attorney General, Jeff Sessions, took a short trip from Pennsylvania Avenue across the Potomac to Falls Church, Virginia. The Attorney General went to Falls Church to address personnel of the Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR), the agency that administers the United States’ immigration courts. The Attorney General's chosen topic for the day was “the fraud and abuse in our asylum system.” “Over the years,” the Attorney General argued, “Congress has rationally passed legislation designed to create an efficient and fair procedure to properly admit persons andexpedite the removalof aliens who enter the United States illegally.” The Attorney General is referring here to the “expedited removal” procedures that Congress created in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996. Expedited removal gives the Department of Homeland Security the power to deport, without a hearing, any person who was not admitted to the United States and who cannot prove continuous presence for the prior two years. The Department of Homeland Security currently exercises a narrower expedited removal authority pursuant to the Department's prosecutorial discretion. Only individuals apprehended within two weeks of entry and within 100 miles of a land border are subject to expedited removal, per Department regulations.

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