Artículos de revistas: "Plateau region"

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Xu, Weixin. "Precipitation and Convective Characteristics of Summer Deep Convection over East Asia Observed by TRMM". Monthly Weather Review 141, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2013): 1577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00177.1.

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Abstract This study examines precipitation and convective characteristics of summer deep convection for five distinct regions (plateau, foothill, lowland, south China, and ocean) in East Asia using 13 yr of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)-based precipitation features. Every region has its own unique features in terms of elevation, rainfall amount, and dynamic/thermodynamic environments. Results show that large, deep convective systems contribute the majority of precipitation totals over all regions except the plateau. Mixed-phase precipitation processes are more important in the south China and the lowland regions than in the foothill and ocean regions. The plateau region also shows substantial dependence upon mixed-phase processes, though the mixed-phase region has a smaller depth than the other regions. Most metrics indicate that the south China region has the most intense storms, followed by the lowland, plateau, foothill, and ocean regions. However, ice scattering signatures do show that the ocean region is more “intense” than the foothill and plateau regions. Deep convective systems over the plateau are the smallest and ocean systems the largest, while storms over the foothill, lowland, and south China regions are in between. Alternatively, convective intensity (storm size) in all regions strengthens (decreases) from early summer to midsummer. Both regional and intraseasonal variations in convective intensity and morphology are mainly modulated by changes in the meteorological environment, such as the convective available potential energy, height of neutral buoyancy, total water vapor, and vertical wind shear.

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2

Glassman, Irvin. "Plateau region of composite propellants". Journal of Propulsion and Power 12, n.º 2 (marzo de 1996): 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.24050.

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3

Luo, Jing, Jianqiu Zheng, Lei Zhong, Chun Zhao y Yunfei Fu. "The Phenomenon of Diurnal Variations for Summer Deep Convective Precipitation over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Its Southern Regions as Viewed by TRMM PR". Atmosphere 12, n.º 6 (9 de junio de 2021): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060745.

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This study analyzed the diurnal variations of summer deep convective precipitation (DCP) over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and its southern region. The results show that DCP is the main type of precipitation over the QTP. The precipitation intensity of DCP is less than 3 mm/h over the QTP, which is much lower than the precipitation intensity in non-plateau regions. DCP over non-plateau regions is related to the convergence of surface wind, but that over the QTP are not. The mean maximum echo of DCP is less than 26 dBZ over the QTP, less than in non-plateau regions. The mean altitude of maximum echo decreases from about 7.5 km in the western plateau to 6 km in the eastern plateau, while it reaches only 4.5–5 km in the non-plateau region. The DCP frequency peak occurs in the afternoon in the major area of the QTP including valley region. The peak time of DCP frequency is different from its intensity, and the former is 1 to 2 h earlier. Study also indicates strong diurnal variations in frequency, intensity, and the maximum echo over the QTP, which is consistent with diurnal changes of geopotential height fields of 500 hPa and 200 hPa.

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4

Tane, Masakazu, Tae Kawashima, Keitaro Horikawa, Hidetoshi Kobayashi y Hideo Nakajima. "Dynamic Compression Behavior of Lotus-Type Porous Iron". Materials Science Forum 658 (julio de 2010): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.193.

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Dynamic and quasi-static compression tests were conducted on lotus-type porous iron with porosity of about 50% using the split Hopkinson pressure bar method and universal testing machine, respectively. In the dynamic compression parallel to the pore direction, a plateau stress region appears where deformation proceeds at nearly constant stress, while the plateau stress region does not appear in the quasi-static compression. The plateau stress region is probably caused by the buckling deformation of matrix iron which occurs only in the dynamic compression. In contrast, the compression perpendicular to the orientation direction of pores exhibits no plateau-stress regions in the both dynamic and quasi-static compression.

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Asai, Fumi, Hiroshi Fukazawa y Koichi Kitazono. "Energy Absorption Efficiency of Open-Cell Carbon Foams". Materials Science Forum 933 (octubre de 2018): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.933.323.

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Energy absorbing properties of open-cell carbon foams were evaluated by quasi-static and dynamic compression tests. Though carbon foams show brittle deformation behaviors, they have wide plateau region. The plateau stress linearly increases with increasing the relative density. Furthermore, the strain rate sensitivity is 0.03 and 0.15 at low and high strain rate region, respectively. Indentation tests were performed on cylindrical sample having porosity of 92.3 to 92.8% with different impact speeds. No plateau region is observed and macro cracks occur in the high speed indentation test. The energy absorption efficiency of carbon foams is higher than that of conventional aluminum foams because of their wide plateau regions.

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Sutton, Andrew, Adele Howe y L. Whitley. "Directed Plateau Search for MAX-k-SAT". Proceedings of the International Symposium on Combinatorial Search 1, n.º 1 (25 de agosto de 2010): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/socs.v1i1.18168.

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Local search algorithms for MAX-k-SAT must often explore large regions of mutually connected equal moves, or plateaus, typically by taking random walks through the region. In this paper, we develop a surrogate plateau "gradient" function using a Walsh transform of the objective function. This function gives the mean value of the objective function over localized volumes of the search space. This information can be used to direct search through plateaus more quickly. The focus of this paper is on demonstrating that formal analysis of search space structure can direct existing algorithms in a more principled manner than random walks. We show that embedding the gradient computation into a hill-climbing local search for MAX-k-SAT improves its convergence profile.

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7

Fujii, Toshiyuki, Shizuma Uju, Chihiro Watanabe, Susumu Onaka y Masaharu Kato. "Cyclic Deformation of Al-Mg Single Crystals with a Single Slip Orientation". Materials Science Forum 561-565 (octubre de 2007): 2213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.2213.

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Fully reversed tension-compression fatigue tests were performed on solid-solutioned Al-0.7mass%Mg single crystals with a single slip orientation under constant plastic-strain amplitudes. Dislocation microstructures were quantitatively examined by transmission electron microscopy. The cyclic stress–strain curve (CSSC) exhibited three distinct regions with a short plateau region in the intermediate plastic-strain amplitude range, and the plateau stress was 26MPa. Characteristic microstructures were developed corresponding to the three regions in the CSSC. Vein structure was observed at the low strain-amplitude region. In the plateau regime, the persistent slip bands (PSBs) were observed. Labyrinth structure was also observed at the higher strain-amplitude region. The plateau stress, the cyclic flow stress of PSBs, can be explained by considering not only the Orowan bowing stress and the dipole passing stress of screw dislocations but also solid-solution hardening by Mg atoms.

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8

Oakley, J. C., P. C. Schwindt y W. E. Crill. "Dendritic Calcium Spikes in Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons Amplify and Limit Transmission of Ligand-Gated Dendritic Current to Soma". Journal of Neurophysiology 86, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2001): 514–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.1.514.

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Long-lasting, dendritic, Ca2+-dependent action potentials (plateaus) were investigated in layer 5 pyramidal neurons from rat neocortical slices visualized by infrared-differential interference contrast microscopy to understand the role of dendritic Ca2+ spikes in the integration of synaptic input. Focal glutamate iontophoresis on visualized dendrites caused soma firing rate to increase linearly with iontophoretic current until dendritic Ca2+ responses caused a jump in firing rate. Increases in iontophoretic current caused no further increase in somatic firing rate. This limitation of firing rate resulted from the inability of increased glutamate to change evoked plateau amplitude. Similar nonlinear patterns of soma firing were evoked by focal iontophoresis on the distal apical, oblique, and basal dendrites, whereas iontophoresis on the soma and proximal apical dendrite only evoked a linear increase in firing rate as a function of iontophoretic current without plateaus. Plateau amplitude recorded in the soma decreased as the site of iontophoresis was moved farther from the soma, consistent with decremental propagation of the plateau to the soma. Currents arriving at the soma summed if plateaus were evoked on separate dendrites or if subthreshold responses were evoked from sites on the same dendrite. If plateaus were evoked at two sites on the same dendrite, only the proximal plateau was seen at the soma. Just-subthreshold depolarizations at two sites on the same dendrite could sum to evoke a plateau at the proximal site. We conclude that the plateaus prevent current from ligand-gated channels distal to the plateau-generating region from reaching the soma and directly influencing firing rate. The implications of plateau properties for synaptic integration are discussed.

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9

Deng, Min, Yong-Jian Wang, Yu Gang y Jian-Fei Chen. "Effect of uniaxial strain on the electronic transport through disordered graphene p–n junctions". Modern Physics Letters B 30, n.º 26 (30 de septiembre de 2016): 1650337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503371.

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Using the non-equilibrium Green’s function method, we investigated theoretically the electron transport through a disordered graphene p–n junction under a perpendicular magnetic field. A uniaxial strain is applied to the graphene sheet. It is found that the conductance versus the on-site energy of the right electrode exhibits the successive step-like structure in the n–n region, however, a zero value plateau followed by the successive oscillation peaks in the p–n region. When the longitudinal or transverse strain is applied, the zero value plateau almost remains intact, while the oscillation peaks are greatly enhanced with increasing the strain strength, and depending on the orientation of the applied strain, the oscillation peaks shift towards the positive or negative energy upon increasing the strain. In the presence of the disorder, the characteristic conductance plateaus emerge at [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], etc. for the appropriate disorder strength. With the rise of the strain, the original plateau structure is destroyed, instead, the conductance exhibits new plateaus whose amplitude and position strongly depend on the strain strength and direction.

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10

Konikov, Yu V. y V. N. Oraevskii. "Hydrodynamic equations for a plasma in the region of the distribution-function plateau". Journal of Plasma Physics 42, n.º 2 (octubre de 1989): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800014343.

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A hydrodynamic theory is presented for plasma particles whose distribution function is close to a plateau in some phase-space region for a finite one-dimensional phase-spase interval. In the framework of the methods of moments, a series expansion of the particle distribution function in an appropriate system of orthogonal (Legendre) polynomials near the state with a plateau is carried out. Deviations from the plateau are due to the presence of a heat flux. The expansion obtained for the distribution function is used to truncate the chain of hydrodynamic equations and to calculate the additional terms arising from the finiteness of the phase interval. The case of one-dimensional Langmuir turbulence is considered as an example. Expressions are presented for the moments of the quasilinear integral of collisions, which describe the variations of the macroscopic characteristics of resonant particles in the respective hydrodynamic equations. Criteria for applicability of the equations obtained are presented. Approximate invariants of motion are obtained in the extreme cases of narrow and broad plateaux.

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11

Ahn, Min-joo, Woo-seop Jeong, Kyu-yeon Shim, Seongho Kang, Hwayoung Kim, Dae-sik Kim, Junggeun Jhin, Jaekyun Kim y Dongjin Byun. "Selective-Area Growth Mechanism of GaN Microrods on a Plateau Patterned Substrate". Materials 16, n.º 6 (20 de marzo de 2023): 2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062462.

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This study provides experimental evidence regarding the mechanism of gallium nitride (GaN) selective-area growth (SAG) on a polished plateau-patterned sapphire substrate (PP-PSS), on which aluminum nitride (AlN) buffer layers are deposited under the same deposition conditions. The SAG of GaN was only observed on the plateau region of the PP-PSS, irrespective of the number of growth cycles. Indirect samples deposited on the bare c-plane substrate were prepared to determine the difference between the AlN buffer layers in the plateau region and silicon oxide (SiO2). The AlN buffer layer in the plateau region exhibited a higher surface energy, and its crystal orientation is indicated by AlN [001]. In contrast, regions other than the plateau region did not exhibit crystallinity and presented lower surface energies. The direct analysis results of PP-PSS using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) are similar to the results of the indirect samples. Therefore, under the same conditions, the GaN SAG of the deposited layer is related to crystallinity, crystal orientation, and surface energy.

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12

McGarr, Gregory W., Kelli E. King, Ashley P. Akerman, Naoto Fujii, Marcel Ruzicka y Glen P. Kenny. "Influence of uncomplicated, controlled hypertension on local heat-induced vasodilation in nonglabrous skin across the body". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 322, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2022): R326—R335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00282.2021.

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The objective of this study was 1) to examine pooled effects of hypertension on nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation during local heating across multiple nonglabrous skin regions, and 2) explore regional differences. Responses were compared between 14 participants with uncomplicated hypertension controlled with medication (7 females, 61 ± 6 yr) and 14 age-matched nonhypertensive controls (6 females; 60 ± 5 yr). Cutaneous vascular conductance, normalized to maximum vasodilation (%CVCmax), was assessed at the upper chest, abdomen, dorsal forearm, thigh, and lateral calf during local heating. Across all regions, local skin temperatures were simultaneously increased from 33°C to 42°C (1°C·10 s−1) and held until a stable heating plateau was achieved (∼40 min), followed by continuous infusion of 20 mM of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; ∼40 min) at all sites until a stable l-NAME plateau was achieved. The difference between heating and l-NAME plateaus was defined as the NO-contribution. Statistical equivalence for each heating phase was determined based on equivalence bounds of ±10%CVCmax for between-group differences. Pooled (all-regions) %CVCmax responses were equivalent for baseline (two one-sided t tests; P < 0.001), heating plateau ( P = 0.002), l-NAME plateau ( P = 0.028), and NO-contribution ( P = 0.003). For individual regions, responses were equivalent at baseline for the abdomen, thigh, and calf, the heating plateau for the thigh, and the l-NAME plateau for the calf (all P < 0.05). Conversely, the calf heating plateau was lower in the hypertension group ( t test; P < 0.05). Local heat-induced cutaneous vasodilation was statistically equivalent between individuals with uncomplicated, controlled hypertension, and nonhypertensive age-matched adults when pooled across multiple skin sites. Conversely, individual between-region comparisons were generally too variable to permit definitive conclusions.

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13

Z X, Wang. "Boundary Data of Loess Plateau Region". Journal of Global Change Data & Discovery 1, n.º 1 (2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3974/geodp.2017.01.17.

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14

Tane, Masakazu, Tae Kawashima, Hiroyuku Yamada, Keitaro Horikawa, Hidetoshi Kobayashi y Hideo Nakajima. "Strain rate dependence of anisotropic compression behavior in porous iron with unidirectional pores". Journal of Materials Research 25, n.º 6 (junio de 2010): 1179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0147.

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The strain rate dependence of anisotropic compression behavior in porous iron with cylindrical pores oriented in one direction was investigated. Through high strain rate (˜103 s−1) compression tests along the orientation direction of pores using the split Hopkinson pressure bar method, it was shown that the stress–strain curve exhibits a unique plateau-stress region where deformation proceeds with almost no stress increase. The appearance of the plateau-stress region is related to the buckling deformation of the iron matrix and provides superior energy absorption. However, for the middle (˜10−1 s−1) and low strain rates (˜10−4 s−1), compression along the same direction produces no such plateau region. In fact, in contrast to compression in the parallel direction, compression perpendicular to the orientation direction of pores produces no plateau-stress regions in any of the three strain rates.

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15

Latypov, Airat y Anastasiya Garaeva. "Patterns of distribution of eluvia soils in the oil region of Tatarstan". E3S Web of Conferences 524 (2024): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452403019.

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The article is devoted to the study of eluvial deposits in the southeastern part of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of river erosion, a highly dissected and rugged terrain has formed here. Its characteristic elements are erosion-denudation watersheds separated by narrow river valleys and terraced slopes. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that the differences in the structure of weathering profiles in carbonate and terrigenous soil massifs are due to the structural and mineralogical features of rocks that were formed at the stage of sedimentation and subsequent diagenesis. In the central part, on the site of the upper plateau, the rocks underwent mainly physical weathering processes, on the site of the middle plateau – chemical weathering processes, on the site of the lower plateau – physical and chemical weathering processes. Such selectivity in the manifestation of hypergenic processes is due to the predominant lithotypes of sedimentary rocks composing the surfaces of the upper, middle and lower plateaus of the studied territory. Based on the conducted research, the zoning of the studied territory was performed and an engineering and geological map was built. The results obtained made it possible to understand the mechanism of weathering of carbonate and terrigenous rocks, as well as to assess the potential change in their physical and mechanical properties during the construction and operation of buildings and structures.

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16

Li, Tianci, Xiaozhou Xin, Hailong Zhang, Shanshan Yu, Li Li, Zhiqiang Ye, Qinhuo Liu y He Cai. "Evaluation of Six Data Products of Surface Downward Shortwave Radiation in Tibetan Plateau Region". Remote Sensing 16, n.º 5 (24 de febrero de 2024): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16050791.

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The quantitative characterization of the thermal conditions in the Tibetan Plateau has long been a focal point of global research. Downward shortwave radiation, as a crucial component, plays an important role in numerous land surface processes while also serving as a significant indicator of the plateau’s thermal state. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the Earth’s radiation budget in the Tibetan Plateau region, this study undertook an evaluation of six radiation products (ISCCP-FH, CERES-SYN, GLASS DSR, Himawari-8, MCD18A1, and ERA5). Two sets of ground measurements (downward shortwave radiation values from 10 CMA sites and 6 sites provided by the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center) in 2015 and 2016 were used as validation data to verify the accuracy of the remote sensing products. The results show that in the Tibetan Plateau region, CERESC products show the highest accuracy among the six data products with a bias (relative bias) of −7.57 W/m2 (3.46%), RMSE (relative RMSE) of 32.77 W/m2 (14.99%), and coefficient of determination of 0.80. Among all products, only the ERA5 products overestimated the value of downward shortwave radiation in the Tibetan Plateau region with a bias (relative bias) of 15.62 W/m2 (7.14%). By employing a spatial resolution upscaling approach, we assessed the influence of varying spatial resolutions on the validation accuracy, with the results indicating minimal impact. Through an analysis of the impact of cloud factors and aerosol factors on the validation accuracy, it is deduced that ERA5, Himawari-8, and MCD18A1 products are significantly influenced by cloud factors, whereas the CERES-SYN product is notably affected by aerosol factors.

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Zhang, Qiang, Minji Li, Beibei Zhou, Junke Zhang y Qinping Wei. "Analysis and Optimization of the Effects of Meteorological Factors on ‘Fuji’ Fruit Quality in Two Dominant Production Regions of China". HortScience 56, n.º 1 (enero de 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15450-20.

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This study aimed to understand the effects of meteorological factors on the ‘Fuji’ apple quality in the Circum-Bohai and Loess Plateau apple production regions of China and to guide apple production based on local climate. Fruit samples of the ‘Fuji’ apple and meteorological data were investigated from 132 commercial ‘Fuji’ apple orchards covering 44 counties in the two aforementioned production regions (22 counties per region). The partial least-squares regression (PLSR) method was first used to screen major meteorological factors that greatly affected fruit quality; these were subsequently used to establish the regression equation of fruit quality attributes and major meteorological factors. Linear programming was used to estimate optimum meteorological factors for good apple quality. The results showed that in the Circum-Bohai production region, many meteorological factors (total annual precipitation, total precipitation from April to October, lowest temperature from April to October, sunshine percentage from April to October) were significantly higher than those in the Loess Plateau production region; however, the temperature difference between day and night from April to October was significantly smaller than that in the Loess Plateau production region. The soluble solids content and skin color area of apples from the Loess Plateau production region were significantly greater than those from the Circum-Bohai production region. The same fruit quality factor of ‘Fuji’ apple was affected by different meteorological factors in the two production regions. The monthly mean temperature and monthly highest temperature from April to October of the Circum-Bohai production region had relatively larger positive effect weights on fruit quality, whereas the total annual precipitation, monthly mean relative humidity from April to October, and total precipitation from April to October of the Loess Plateau production region had relatively larger positive effect weights on fruit quality. The major influencing meteorological factors of the fruit soluble solids content were total precipitation from April to October (X7), mean annual temperature (X1), and the monthly highest temperature from April to October (X5) in the Circum-Bohai production region; however, it included the monthly mean temperature difference between day and night from April to October (X6), total annual precipitation (X2), and total precipitation from April to October (X7) in the Loess Plateau production region. In the Circum-Bohai production region, the optimum meteorological factors for ‘Fuji’ fruit quality of vigorous apple orchards were the mean annual temperature (13.4 °C), total annual precipitation (981 mm), monthly mean temperature (16.8 to 22.4 °C), lowest temperature (11.9 °C), highest temperature (19.5 to 26.8 °C), temperature difference between day and night (12.3 °C), total precipitation (336–793 mm), relative humidity (55.7% to 70.7%), and sunshine percentage (42.3% to 46.1%) during the growing period (April–October). In the Loess Plateau production region, the optimum meteorological factors for ‘Fuji’ fruit quality of vigorous apple orchards were the mean annual temperature (5.5 to 11.6 °C), total annual precipitation (714 mm), monthly mean temperature (13.3 to 19.9 °C), lowest temperature (7.9 to 9.3 °C), highest temperature (19.6 to 27.3 °C), temperature difference between day and night (7.1 to 12.4 °C), total precipitation (338–511 mm), relative humidity (56.1% to 82.4%), and sunshine percentage (37.3% to 55.9%) during the growing period (April–October). The restrictive factors for high-quality ‘Fuji’ apples of the Circum-Bohai production region were the smaller monthly mean temperature difference between day and night, higher monthly mean lowest temperature, and larger monthly mean relative humidity during the growing period; however, those of the Loess Plateau production region were drought or less precipitation from November to March, lower monthly mean temperature, and higher monthly mean highest temperature during the growing period.

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Li, Yanjun, Xingqin An, Guangzhou Fan, Chao Wang, Yang Zhao y Jiangtao Li. "Influence of Thermal Effects on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on Air Quality in Typical Regions of China in Winter". Atmosphere 11, n.º 1 (30 de diciembre de 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010050.

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In this paper, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) monthly average reanalysis data from 1954 to 2017, haze days observation data from 1954 to 2017, and PM2.5 daily average mass concentration data from 2013 to 2017 are collected and collated. Firstly, the atmospheric apparent heat source on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is estimated based on thermodynamic equations. The correlation between the atmospheric apparent heat source (Q1) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the air quality in China, especially in the five typical regions (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Fen-Wei Plain, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Sichuan-Chongqing regions) is analyzed and studied. Through comprehensive diagnosis and synthesis, the differences of the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the circulation field and temperature field (planes and sections) in China and the typical regions in the strong and weak years of the apparent heat source Q1 on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in winter are compared, and the different distribution characteristics of the climate circulation background causing the strong and weak years of Q1 on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the influence mechanism on the air quality in different regions in China are discussed. The results show that the spatial distribution of correlation between Q1 on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and PM2.5 in December has a northeast-southwest boundary. There is a negative correlation in the southeast region of the boundary, with heavy pollution when the cold source is strong and light pollution when the cold source is weak, while there is a positive correlation in the northwest region of the boundary, with light pollution when the cold source is strong and heavy pollution when the cold source is weak. The Q1 on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is negatively correlated with air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fen-Wei Plain located in the northwest region of the boundary but positively correlated with air pollution in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Sichuan-Chongqing regions located in the southeast region of the boundary. In the cold source strong year, the northerly winds are stronger in the middle and high latitudes, and there is an abnormal northerly downward flow in the southeast region, thus the pollution is aggravated by the suppression of convection–diffusion in a downward flow. However, abnormal updraft in the northwest region exists, reducing pollution. In the cold source weak year, the situation is just the opposite.

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He, Zhe, Ting Zhou, Jiaqi Chen, Yajing Fu, Yuanying Peng, Li Zhang, Tongyu Yao et al. "Impacts of Climate Warming and Humidification on Vegetation Activity over the Tibetan Plateau". Forests 14, n.º 10 (14 de octubre de 2023): 2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14102055.

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Vegetation is the most vulnerable component of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. In recent decades, there has been a significant warming and humidification trend in the Tibetan Plateau. It is crucial to study and analyze the impact of these changes on the ecosystem and their future trends for protecting the Tibetan Plateau’s ecosystem. This study collected and analyzed climate (temperature, precipitation) data and vegetation index data (the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the leaf area index (LAI)), as well as data from significance tests combined with Mann–Kendall tests and Sen’s slope estimation. The effects of temperature and precipitation factors on vegetation indices were revealed, leading to a multiple regression model predicting NDVI and LAI value changes under climate change from 2021 to 2100. The results indicate a general increase in temperature and precipitation levels across the Tibetan Plateau between 2000 and 2020. The climate experienced a clear pattern of warming and moist conditions, with the southeast region experiencing warmer and wetter conditions, and the northwest region experiencing drier and colder conditions. The trends of the LAI and NDVI values of the Tibetan Plateau indicated a general increase, with a gradual decline from the southeast to the northwest. Precipitation and temperature were differentially correlated with the NDVI and LAI values across various regions of the plateau. Between 2021 and 2100, the Tibetan Plateau is expected to experience year-on-year increases in both precipitation and temperature levels. However, the increase in precipitation was found to be less significant than that of the climate and, comparatively, smoother. There is a certain correlation between the NDVI and LAI values, and the changes in temperature and precipitation. The variations of both are more influenced by temperature than precipitation, with an overall increasing trend observed over the years, which is also quite evident. This study could serve as a scientific foundation and a point of reference for monitoring vegetation changes over a long period of time on the plateau, as well as for the planning and execution of ecological development in the Tibetan Plateau.

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Bradley, AJ, CM Kemper, DJ Kitchener, WF Humphreys y RA How. "Small Mammals of the Mitchell Plateau Region, Kimberley, Western-Australia". Wildlife Research 14, n.º 4 (1987): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870397.

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This paper presents the background for a series on the biology of small mammals in the Mitchell Plateau region, an area characterised by a wet-dry tropical climate. From June 1981 to December 1982, 19 species of small terrestrial mammals were captured at Mitchell Plateau. Of 17 species captured on eight mark-release grids, 13 clustered into four significant groups which reflected the major habitats of the region: (1) Sminthopsis virginiae, Leggadina sp. and Pseudomys nanus in riparian and plateau escarpment sites; (2) Phascogale tapoatafa, Trichosurus arnhemensis and Pseudomys laborifex in plateau open forest; (3) Conilurus penicillatus and Mesembriomys macrurus in open woodland and coastal mosaics; (4) the commoner species Dasyurus hallucatus, Isoodon macrourus, Melomys sp. cf. burtoni, Zyzomys argurus and S. woodwardi in an array of habitats. Rattus tunneyi, Pseudantechinus sp., Wyulda squamicaudata and Planigale maculata did not cluster significantly with other species. Two species, Pseudomys delicatulus and Mesembriomys gouldii, were represented by single specimens captured outside the capture-mark-release grids, in sandstone and plateau woodland respectively. Open forests, particularly on the lateritic plateau surfaces, had the richest and most diverse mammal assemblage over the entire study period. The vine thickets and sandstone contained relatively stable populations of fewer species, and several habitats had seasonally variable populations and species.

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Wheatley, David, Winston Seiler y Marjorie Chan. "The Wind-Swept Nautilus, Enigmatic Clastic Pipes, and Toadstool Landforms: Geologic Features of the Paria Plateau". Geosites 1 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/geosites.v1i1.67.

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The Colorado Plateau occupies much of the southwestern United States including portions of Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico. This region presents unobstructed views from mesa tops, beautifully colored soils, lone standing buttes, and canyons cut thousands of feet deep. The Colorado Plateau represents a well-preserved window into the Earth’s history. Today, the rocks of the Colorado Plateau lie roughly horizontally, as they were deposited hundreds of millions of years ago. The Plateau’s rise has motivated rivers, in their downhill progress, to carve innumerable canyons. These river canyons allow any nature-lover the opportunity to gaze at 100s of millions of years of geologic history. Within the larger Colorado Plateau, the Paria Plateau straddles the Utah and Arizona borders, and includes the Vermilion Cliff s National Monument, the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area, and the southern extent of the Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument (GSENM; pre-2018 boundaries). The Paria Plateau is best known for spectacularly colored, wind-sculpted features such as Coyote Buttes and “The Wave,” where vivid colors accent cross-strata resembling a cresting ocean wave. The Plateau is also recognized for the geologically notable Vermilion Cliff s, Buckskin Gulch slot canyon, White Pocket area, and the Paria River Canyon. Although only two, dual-lane highways circumvent the plateau, several wash-boarded gravel and deeply mud-rutted roads allow access to its interior. From these dirt roads, a few sandy, four-wheel drive paths diminish as they extend and branch into the plateau’s interior. Overall, the Paria Plateau is a relatively quiet and little-visited wilderness.

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Jiang, Ding Guo, Yu Jing Bie y Wei Liu. "Characteristic of Thermal Structure in Reservoir in Different Climate Zones". Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (septiembre de 2013): 1634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1634.

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A three dimensional mathematical model was used to simulates water temperature structure of a model reservoir under the southwest plateau climate and the subtropics monsoon climate separately. The calculated result shows that: 1. in the Southwest plateau climatic region, obvious double convection was noticed of the surface water, while single convection appears in subtropics monsoon climatic region. 2. Thermal stratification in tropics monsoon climatic region is steadier than the southwest plateau climatic region. 2. In the subtropics monsoon climatic region the water temperature difference between discharge and natural water is more remarkable than the Southwest plateau climatic region, namely that in the subtropics monsoon climatic region the impact of discharge water on downstream water temperature is more appreciable. The research conclusion may provide reference and the basis for the contrastive analysis of related achievement in reservoir water temperature and the water environment.

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23

Hur, Bo Young, Bu Keoun Park, Sang Youl Kim y Hoon Bae. "Compressive Properties of Open Cell Aluminum Foams". Materials Science Forum 486-487 (junio de 2005): 472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.486-487.472.

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The uniaxial compressive test results of several aluminum foams are compared with aluminum alloy and ppi (pore per inch) of open cell foam. The compressive stress-strain curve of aluminum alloy foams exhibits universal three deformation regions: an initial linear elastic response, and then extended plateau region with a nearly constant flow stress, a final densification as collapsed cells are compacted together. The lower the foam densities are, the longer the plateau region is, but lower densities also imply lower yield stress.

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24

NAVEEN P. SINGH, BHAWNA ANAND, K.V. RAO y RANJITH P.C. "Spatial and temporal assessment of climate impact on agriculture in plateau region, India". Journal of Agrometeorology 22, n.º 3 (10 de noviembre de 2021): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v22i3.296.

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Using large-scale district-level data, the study examined the impact of climate change on crop yields during the period 1966-2011and predictsthe likely changes in yield sacross agro-climatic zones in Plateau Region. The future projections reveal that by 2080s, cotton yield is expected to decline by 7.18 percent in Western Plateau & Hills.By the end of the century, sorghum yield is projected to decline up to 19 percent in Central Plateau & Hills and increase by 18 percent in Western Plateau & Hills. Under midterm period, rapeseed & mustard yield is likely to reduce by 3.44 percent in Western Plateau & Hills. By 2050s maize yield is expected to reduce by 3.33 percent in Central Plateau & Hills. By 2080s, wheat yield is projected to decline by 5.44, percent in SouthernPlateau & Hills. The results suggest that impact of climate change on crop yield varies across regions, hence it is pertinent to formulate adaptation strategies and farm practices suitable to the crop and location specific needs that mitigate the likely exposure of food production and livelihoods to climate variations.

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25

Chen, Zhirong, Binghua Gong, Jiayi Jiang, Zhifeng Liu y Kelong Chen. "Dynamics of the Urban Water Footprint on the Tibetan Plateau: A Case Study of Xining, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 9 (25 de abril de 2021): 4566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094566.

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Determining the changes in the urban water footprint (WF) of the Tibetan Plateau is important for sustainable development within this region and in downstream regions. Taking Xining, the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau, as an example, this study quantified the changes in the WF of this region in the 2005–2018 period. We found that Xining’s total WF increased by 22.6%, from 8.9 billion to 10.9 billion m3 in this period. The increase in Xining’s gray WF (WFgray) resulting from the intensification of urban point-source pollution was the primary cause of the increase in its total WF. Xining’s WFgray from point-source pollution increased by 75.3%, from 3.1 billion to 5.4 billion m3. In addition, Xining’s WF far surpassed the amount of available water resources (WA) in this region. It is possible to prevent Xining’s WF from exceeding its WA only by simultaneously controlling point- and nonpoint-source pollution in the future. Thus, it is recommended that great importance be attached to the rapid increase in the WFgray of the Tibetan Plateau resulting from rapid urbanization and that effective measures be implemented to control point- and nonpoint-source pollution, so as to safeguard sustainable development within the Tibetan Plateau and in downstream regions.

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26

Wan, Jia, Ruiyin Dou y Tao Ma. "Seismic Risk Assessment and Analysis of Influencing Factors in the Sichuan–Yunnan Region". Sustainability 16, n.º 14 (12 de julio de 2024): 5968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16145968.

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Investigating the distribution characteristics of earthquake disaster risks in the Sichuan–Yunnan region is of great importance for enhancing government emergency response capabilities and achieving sustainable regional development. This study, based on disaster systems theory, constructs a seismic risk evaluation index system for the Sichuan–Yunnan region and employs the entropy method to determine the comprehensive risk index for earthquake disasters across 37 prefecture-level cities. The findings reveal the following: (1) High-risk areas for disaster-causing factors are located in the Hengduan Mountain region and the North–South Mountain Range Valley Region; medium-risk areas are distributed along the northwestern edge of the Sichuan Basin; low-risk areas are situated in the eastern part of the Sichuan Basin and the Yunnan Plateau. (2) High-risk disaster-prone environments are found in the Hengduan Mountain region; medium-risk areas are present on the Yunnan Plateau and the western part of the North–South Mountain Range Valley Region; low-risk areas are in the Sichuan Basin. (3) High-vulnerability areas include the central Sichuan Basin and Kunming on the Yunnan Plateau; medium-vulnerability areas are located in the eastern and western parts of the Sichuan Basin; low-vulnerability areas are in the less developed parts of the Yunnan Plateau, the North–South Mountain Range Valley Region, and the Hengduan Mountain region. (4) High-risk seismic disaster areas are concentrated in the developed regions of the Sichuan Basin and the Yunnan Plateau; medium-risk areas are concentrated in the western part of the North–South Mountain Range Valley Region; low-risk areas are sporadically distributed in the eastern parts of the Sichuan–Yunnan region. (5) The vulnerability of the population, economy, and lifeline systems significantly explain the variation in seismic risk levels, all exceeding 0.70; the synergistic effects of disaster-causing factor danger, disaster-prone environment stability, and disaster-prone environment sensitivity are the most pronounced, with explanatory power exceeding 0.85 after factor interaction.

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27

An, Lin, Zhanyu Yao, Pei Zhang, Shuo Jia, Jieyun Zhao, Zhen Liu y Zequn Zhang. "Study on Atmospheric Water Resource Variation Characteristics in China and Influencing Factors of Precipitation Efficiency of Hydrometeors". Water 15, n.º 6 (8 de marzo de 2023): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061020.

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Understanding the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of atmospheric water resources in each region of China is essential for their exploitation. In this study, we focus on the variation in atmospheric precipitable water (PW), cloud parameters, cloud water resources (CWR), and precipitation efficiency of hydrometeors (PEh) as well as their possible influencing factors in each region of China in summer using ERA5 and MODIS data. The results showed that: (1) In the past 42 years, PW increased significantly in the northwest and Tibetan Plateau regions, and both cloud cover and total column cloud water content decreased significantly in northern China, except for medium-cloud cover which significantly increased in the Tibetan Plateau. (2) In the past 20 years, annual PEh was significantly higher, with clear interdecadal variation in most regions, whereas CWR decreased in northern China, the southwest, central region, and southeast, and increased in northeast and Tibetan Plateau. (3) PEh in each region was greatly influenced by precipitation (correlation coefficient 0.55 < R < 0.82 *, * = p < 0.05), having a significant positive correlation in the northeast with cloud water path, cloud optical thickness, and aerosol optical depth (0.44 * < R < 0.54 *), and a significant negative correlation in the central region with the cloud effective radius (R = −0.54 *).

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28

Han, Feng y Bao Cheng Wang. "Research on Maintenance and Repair Technology of the Continuous Welded Railway in Plateau Permafrost Region". Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (julio de 2014): 1204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.1204.

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In practice of maintenance and repair project in the western plateau railway as the background, from maintenance and repair mechanism, detection method, line disease effect and other aspects, this paper studied the characteristics of the CWR in plateau permafrost region in-depth, analyzed the key problems of CWR maintenance and repair in permafrost region systematically, and put forward the corresponding solutions to meet the CWR maintenance requirements in plateau permafrost region.

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29

Petrova, E. V. y A. V. Gusarov. "ON THE ISSUE OF THE AGE OF THE UPPER PLATEAU SURFACE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION (EUROPEAN RUSSIA)<a href="#FN1"><sup>1</sup></a>". Геоморфология и палеогеография 54, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2023): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2949178923030076.

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The Middle Volga region is an area of layer-tiered and stepped uplands, in which the upper plateau is the most ancient surviving (among the known) element of the relief of this region of the East European Plain. The plateau is located within the highest interfluves at the prevailing elevations of 280–380 m, representing the upper level of the relief. Most researchers support the denudation (pediplanation) nature of its origin. The age of formation of the plateau surface is still a matter of debate. In this paper, based on literature sources, the author’s ideas about the development of the Neogene valleys of the paleo-Volga and its tributaries, an analysis of changes in the geomorphological, paleoclimatic and paleolandscape conditions of the Middle Volga region and neighboring regions was presented. It is concluded that the most optimal time for the pediplanation of the region’s relief and, consequently, the formation of the surface of the upper plateau was the time period between the time boundary of the Middle and Late Miocene (Sarmatian?) and the middle of the Maeotis (Late Miocene), which was distinguished by relative tectonic stability and general increase of climate aridization.

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30

Krause, Matthias, Alexander Hapfelmeier, Klaus Püschel, Miachel Amling y Karl-Heinz Frosch. "Bone Microarchitecture of the Tibial Plateau in Health and Osteoporosis". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, n.º 4_suppl4 (1 de abril de 2017): 2325967117S0014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00141.

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Aims and Objectives: A failure rate of up to 69% of surgically treated tibial plateau fractures in the elderly is attributed among others to the increasing incidence of osteoporosis resulting in renewed immobilization and revision surgery. Hence, ideally implants are fixed in regions with sufficient bone mass. However, data on region-specific structural alterations of the tibial plateau in osteoporosis do not exist. The primary aim of the study was to characterize region-specific changes of the bone structure in patients with osteoporosis compared to skeletally healthy controls. Materials and Methods: In a preclinical case-control study twenty-one human right proximal tibiae from females with postmenopausal osteoporosis (mean age: 84.3±4.9 years) and eight skeletally healthy, premenopausal female controls (45.5±6.9 years) were harvested during autopsy. Histomorphometric parameters were assessed by HR-pQCT (high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography) after digital subdivision into different volumes of interest (VOI) according to a 10-segment classification in three levels of the tibial plateau. In the coronal plane, analysis was performed in the proximal 3 cm from the articular surface. Statistical analysis was based on evolutionary learning using globally optimal regression trees. Results: Skeletally healthy controls showed a better bone structure throughout the whole tibial plateau than osteoporotic patients. In osteoporosis, the greatest bone loss was found in the medio-medial VOI (antero-medio-medial, postero-medio-medial) compared to controls. The lowest bone volume, however, was found in the central VOI (antero-central, postero-central) representing the tibial spine. Trabecular connectivity was severely reduced. Most importantly, in the anterior and posterior 25% of the lateral and medial tibial plateau, the trabecular support and the subchondral lamella thickness itself was severely reduced. Conclusion: The bone structure deterioration of the tibial plateau due to osteoporosis is region-specific. The additional thinning of the subchondral lamella and marked bone loss in the anterior and posterior 25% of the tibial plateau may explain failure of fracture reduction in cases of unilateral plate fixation, specifically in postero-medial fragments. The understanding of region-specific architectural alterations of the tibial plateau may help to improve the long-term, fracture-specific fixation of tibial plateau fractures, especially in osteoporotic patients.

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31

Meng, Xu, Xu, Wang, Liu y Jiao. "The Causes of “Vulnerable Regions” to Air Pollution in Winter in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region: A Topographic–Meteorological Impact Model Based on Adaptive Emission Constraint Technique". Atmosphere 10, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2019): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110719.

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The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, with its complex terrain, has serious issues with air pollution. The northern and western parts of the BTH region are surrounded by the Yan Mountains and Loess Plateau (LP), and the south-central part of that region is a large open plain. Such special geographic configuration is prone to result in a concentrated pollution belt along the north-to-south direction on the eastern margin of the plateau, in addition to the influence of pollutant-emission sources and population distribution. In this study, based on an original adaptive nudging constraint method, we quantitatively analyzed the differences in the influence of emission sources under different dynamic and thermal conditions in the BTH region, which is impacted by a special large-scale leeward slope terrain. The mechanism of air pollution vulnerability and the comprehensive effects of terrain–meteorological conditions on air pollution in the BTH region were also discussed. The results indicated that the atmospheric diffusion conditions on the eastern side of the plateau were poor, and a sub-synoptic-scale “vortex sequence”, which was composed of a series of linked vortices, was identified. The corresponding atmospheric pollution convergence line stretched from Beijing to Hebei to Northern Henan in the lower atmosphere. On the eastern edge of the plateau, a “warm cover” formed by a temperature anomaly and a downdraft impeded the vertical diffusion of pollutants. Therefore, pollutants tended to converge at the eastern edge of the plateau, and the pollution belts would move longitudinally north and south along the topography of the eastern slope when south-westerly and north-easterly winds alternated. The movement generated a “train” of pollutants that were transported on the eastern edge of the plateau, which then caused air pollution to persist there. Such terrain–meteorological conditions amplified the effects of emissions by an average of 50% to 150% in the region, leading the eastern side of the LP to become a “naturally vulnerable region” to haze pollution.

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32

Lin, Shan, Genxu Wang, Zhaoyong Hu, Kewei Huang, Xiangyang Sun, Juying Sun, Meng Luo y Xiao Xiao. "Dynamics of Evapotranspiration and Variations in Different Land-Cover Regions over the Tibetan Plateau during 1961–2014". Journal of Hydrometeorology 22, n.º 4 (abril de 2021): 955–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0074.1.

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AbstractIn this study, the spatiotemporal changes and driving factors of evapotranspiration (ET) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are assessed from 1961 to 2014, based on a revised generalized nonlinear complementary (nonlinear-CR) model. The average annual ET on the TP was 328 mm. The highest ET value (711 mm) was found in the forest region in the southeastern part of the TP, and the lowest value (151 mm) was found in the desert region in the northwestern part of the TP. In terms of the contribution of different subregions to the total amount of ET for the whole plateau, the meadow and steppe regions contributed the most to the total amount of ET of TP, accounting for 30% and 18.5%, respectively. The interannual ET presented a significant increasing trend with a value of 0.26 mm yr−1 from 1961 to 2014, and a significant positive ET trend was found over 35% of the region, mainly in the southeastern part of the plateau. The increasing trend of ET in swamp areas was the largest, while that in the desert areas was the smallest. In terms of the seasonality, the ET over the plateau and different land-cover regions increased the most in summer, followed by spring, while the change in ET in winter was not obvious. The energy factors dominated the long-term change in the annual ET over the plateau. In addition, the available energy is the controlling factor for ET changes in humid areas such as forests and shrublands. Energy and water factors together dominate the ET changes in arid areas.

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Xu, Jiren y Zhixin Zhao. "Extensional Seismogenic Stress and Tectonic Movement on the Central Region of the Tibetan Plateau". International Journal of Geophysics 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/897424.

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Various earthquake fault types, mechanism solutions and stress fields, as well as GPS and geothermal data are analyzed for the study of the crustal movements on the Tibetan plateau and their tectonic implications. The results show that a lot of the normal faulting type-event concentrated at altitudes greater than 4000 m on the central Tibetan plateau. The altitudes concentrating normal faulting type-events can be zoned two parts: the western part, the Lhasa block, and the eastern part, the Qiangtang-Changdu region. The azimuths of T-axes are in a general E-W direction in the Lhasa block and NW-SE or NNW-SSE in the Qiangtang-Changdu region at the altitudes of the Tibetan plateau. The tensional stresses in E-W direction and NW-SE direction predominate normal faulting earthquake occurrence in the Lhasa block and the Qiangtang-Changdu region, respectively. The slipping displacements of the normal-faulting-type events have great components in near E-W direction and NW-SE direction in the Lhasa block and the Qiangtang-Changdu region, respectively. The extensions are probably an eastward or southeastward extensional motion, being mainly tectonic activity phenomena in the plateau altitudes. The extensional motions due to normal-fault earthquakes are important tectonic activity regimes on the high altitudes of the plateau. The easterly crustal extensions on the plateau are attributable to the gravitational collapse of the high plateau and eastward extrusion of hotter mantle materials beneath the eastern boundary of the plateau. Numbers of thrust-fault and strike-slip-fault earthquakes with strong compressive stress in a general NNE-SSW direction occur on the edges of the plateau.

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Wang, Hao, Guohua Liu, Zongshan Li, Pengtao Wang y Zhuangzhuang Wang. "Comparative Assessment of Vegetation Dynamics under the Influence of Climate Change and Human Activities in Five Ecologically Vulnerable Regions of China from 2000 to 2015". Forests 10, n.º 4 (7 de abril de 2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10040317.

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Ongoing climate change and human activities have a great effect on vegetation dynamics. Understanding the impact of climate change and human activities on vegetation dynamics in different ecologically vulnerable regions has great significance in ecosystem management. In this study, the predicted NPP (Net Primary Productivity) and the actual NPP based on different ecological process data and models were combined to estimate the vegetation dynamics and their driving forces in the Northern Wind-sand, Loess Plateau, Arid Desert, Tibetan Plateau, and Karst regions from 2000 to 2015. The results indicated that the NPP in all ecologically vulnerable regions showed a restoration trend, except for that in the Karst region, and the percentage of areas in which NPP increased were, in order, 78% for the Loess Plateau, 71% for the Northern Wind-sand, 69% for the Arid Desert, 54% for the Tibetan Plateau, and 31% for the Karst regions. Vegetation restorations in the Northern Wind-sand and Arid Desert regions were primarily attributable to human activities (86% and 61% of the restoration area, respectively), indicating the success of ecological restoration programs. The Loess Plateau had the largest proportion of vegetation restoration area (44%), which was driven by combined effects of climate and human factors. In the Tibetan Plateau, the vegetation changes due to climate factors were primarily distributed in the west, while those due to human factors were primarily distributed in the east. Human activities caused nearly 60% of the vegetation degradation in the Karst region. Based on these results, it is recognizable that regional climate conditions are the key factor that limits ecological restoration. Therefore, future policy-making should pay more attention to the local characteristics of different ecological vulnerable regions in regional ecosystem management to select reasonable restoration measures, improve restoration efficiency, and maximize the benefits of ecological restoration programs.

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Shtabrovskaya, Irina M. y Irina V. Zenkova. "Annual dynamics of temperature in the soil of the Mountain Arctic (goltsovy) deserts belt in Khibiny Mountains (Murmansk Region)". Transaction Kola Science Centre 12, n.º 6-2021 (31 de diciembre de 2021): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2021.6.12.9.039.

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As part of comprehensive environmental research of the highest Arctic mountain (goltsovy) desert belt of the Khibiny, data were obtained on the annual temperature dynamics in fragmentary cushions of vegetation. Area of investigation was disposed on the plateau of Mt. Aikuayvenchorr (1059–1063 m a. s. l.) and Vudyavrchorr plateau (1023 m a. s. l.). The period with negative values of the average daily temperature of the litter prevailed in the annual cycle (more than 200 days or 58 %). The sum of positive and negative temperatures, the number of days with temperatures below 0, from 0 ̊C to +5 ̊C, from + 5 ̊C to + 10 ̊C and above + 10 ̊C in litters was determined. The differences in the annual temperature dynamics in the litters of the alpine belt for two areas of research located on the Aikuayvenchorr and Vudyavrchorr plateaus are shown.

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36

Jiang, Luguang y Ye Liu. "Should Desert and Desertification Regions Be Confused? New Insights Based on Vegetation Quality and Its Inter-Decadal Variations". Land 12, n.º 9 (6 de septiembre de 2023): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12091734.

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As the most unique ecosystem on the Earth’s surface, desert and desertification region cannot be confused. The current research on spatial distinction of desert and desertification region is still lacking. Based on NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) data from 1998 to 2020, we aimed to distinguish the differences between desert and desertification region. Improvement and degradation of vegetation quality in China have coexisted in the past 20 years. Within the low value classification in 1998, the regions where vegetation quality remained High increase were mainly concentrated in Loess Plateau. Within the medium value classification in 1998, the High increase classifications were mainly distributed in the west of the Taihang Mountains, north of the Qinling–Daba Mountains, east of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, and the Northeast Plain. Within the high value classification in 1998, the High increase classification was distributed in the south of the Yangtze River. In 1998 and 2020, China had a total area of 2.50 million km2 of desert regions, accounting for 26% of China’s land area. After 20 years of large-scale ecological protection, desert regions have hardly undergone significant changes. Desertification regions decreased from 2.80 million km2 to 1.67 million km2, a decrease of 40.3%.

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Schreider, A. A., A. E. Sazhneva, M. S. Kluev, A. L. Brehovskih, I. Ya Rakitin y O. A. Zuev. "Kinematics of the neargreenland region in the Eurasian basin". Океанология 59, n.º 2 (9 de junio de 2019): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0030-1574592282-291.

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The bottom of the Lincoln Sea was formed in a continental area stretching Greenland-Barents Sea shelf. Prior to stretching the continental plateau of the shallow Morris Jesup and Ermak rep-resented the single unit. In the course of a single continental rifting is split in the plateau, giving rise to a process propagating mid-oceanic Gakkel Ridge. The process continued split-huddled around 1.5 my. in the range of 35.3–33.7 my. The introduction of numerous basic dikes in the process of rifting could determine high amplitude magnetic anomalies on a single plateau. For the first time carried out the restoration of the geometry of the crack split the continental crust, the Euler pole and angle describing its kinematics and restored paleobathymetry on the flanks of the cracks.

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Liang, Ning, Dongmei Wang, Yanfeng Guo, Rui Yang, Qianghua Liao, Ziyou Bai, Yungang Fu, Chen Luo y Hong Zhu. "Analysis of energy dissipated by damping for paper honeycomb sandwich plate-block system". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, n.º 18 (18 de julio de 2019): 6483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219862301.

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The vibration transmissibility of paper honeycomb sandwich plate was tested and the vibration transmissibility curve was simplified and characterized. Based on the basic principle of vibration mechanics, the equation for calculating the energy dissipated by damping of paper honeycomb sandwich plate-block system during vibration was deduced. Furthermore, the effects of honeycomb structural parameters (cell length, sandwich plate thickness) and block mass on the damping energy dissipation were analyzed. The results showed that the curves of vibration transmissibility for paper honeycomb sandwich plate can be divided into three regions: plateau region, amplification region, and attenuation region. The vibration transmissibility ratio in different regions can be expressed as functions of frequency. The energy dissipated by damping of paper honeycomb sandwich plate-block system depends on its vibration transmissibility. If the vibration transmissibility ratio–frequency curve is obtained, the damping energy dissipation of the system can be calculated. The total energy dissipation of paper honeycomb sandwich plate-block system during vibration is about equal to that of plateau region, and the energy dissipated in amplification and attenuation region can be neglected. Different honeycomb structural parameters have the same effect on the damping energy dissipation of the system. Block mass has little effect on the damping energy dissipation in plateau region and the total energy dissipation during vibration but has a greater impact on the energy dissipation in the amplification and attenuation regions. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basic method for calculation of energy dissipated by damping and evaluation of anti-vibration property for packaging material.

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Ai, Hui. "Research on the Management Pattern of Small Watershed Treatment in Loess Plateau Region". Advanced Materials Research 664 (febrero de 2013): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.117.

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Loess Plateau region has the severest problem of The Water Loss and Soil Erosion, not only in China, but around the world as well. Due to severe situation of soil erosion, the natural environment was badly damaged in this region and the economy was also deeply influenced. This paper analyses the present situation of soil erosion and controlling measure for erosion in Loess Plateau region, and concludes some valuable experience in managing small watershed of Loess Plateau region. Concluding、analyzing、advancing and extending these successful experiences will exert an important and directive significance for the ecological construction and sustainable development in China.

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Tuo, Ya, Panjie Qiao, Wenqi Liu y Qingquan Li. "Predicting Summer Precipitation Anomalies in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau Using Spring Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies". Atmosphere 15, n.º 4 (5 de abril de 2024): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040453.

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By constructing a correlation network between global sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) and summer precipitation anomalies in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, key SST regions influencing summer precipitation anomalies in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau were selected. It was found that spring SSTAs in the Bay of Bengal, southwestern Atlantic, and eastern Pacific are crucial for influencing summer precipitation anomalies in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. Setting SSTAs from these three regions as predictor variables 3 months in advance, we constructed multiple linear regression (MLR), ridge regression (RR), and lasso regression (LR) models to predict summer precipitation anomalies over the Yunnan–Guizhou region. The training phase involved data spanning from 1961 to 2005, which aimed to predict precipitation anomalies in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau for the period extending from 2006 to 2022. Based on MLR, RR, and LR models, the correlations between predicted values and observed summer precipitation anomalies in Yunnan–Guizhou were 0.48, 0.46, and 0.46, respectively. These values were all higher than the correlation coefficients of the NCC_CSM model’s predicted and observed values. Additionally, its performance in predicting summer precipitation anomalies over the Yunnan–Guizhou region, based on key SST regions, was assessed using performance metrics such as anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC), anomaly sign consistency rate (PC), and trend anomaly comprehensive score (PS score). The average ACC of MLR, RR, and LR models was higher than that of the NCC_CSM model’s predictions. For MLR, RR, LR, and NCC_CSM models, the PCs exceeding 50% of the year were 14, 14, 11, and 10, respectively. Furthermore, the average PS score for predicting summer precipitation anomalies over the Yunnan–Guizhou region using MLR, RR, and LR was approximately 73 points; 8 higher than the average PS score of the NCC_CSM model. Therefore, predicting summer precipitation anomalies over the Yunnan–Guizhou region based on key SST regions is of great significance for improving the prediction skills of precipitation anomalies in this region.

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41

Liu, Zhaofei, Zhijun Yao, Heqing Huang, Batbuyan Batjav y Rui Wang. "Evaluation of Extreme Cold and Drought over the Mongolian Plateau". Water 11, n.º 1 (4 de enero de 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010074.

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Extreme cold and meteorological drought in the Mongolian Plateau (MP) were investigated during 1969–2017. Several drought indices were evaluated by analyzing recorded historical drought data in the Chinese region of the MP. The evaluated drought indices were then applied to detect drought characteristics in the entire MP. The trends of extreme cold indices showed that the climate of the MP has warmed during the past 49 years; however, the frequency of cold day/night has increased in the Mongolian region. The climate of Mongolia has also become colder in the spring season. The comprehensive meteorological drought index (CMDI) and the standardized precipitation index with a six-month scale (SPI6) exhibited better performances, showing high consistency between the spatial patterns of the two indices. However, drought represented by the SPI6 was enhanced greater than that expressed by the CMDI. Drought in the MP has been enhanced during the past 49 years, particularly in the Ordos and Alashan plateaus and the Xiliao River basin in China. Moreover, drought has been enhanced from August to October, particularly in the Mongolian region. However, spring drought has shown a weakening trend, which has been beneficial for agriculture and husbandry sectors in some regions of the MP.

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42

Ai, Huirong-Anita, Joann M. Stock, Robert Clayton y Bruce Luyendyk. "Vertical tectonics of the High Plateau region, Manihiki Plateau, Western Pacific, from seismic stratigraphy". Marine Geophysical Researches 29, n.º 1 (enero de 2008): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11001-008-9042-0.

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43

Gille, S. T., M. M. Carranza, R. Cambra y R. Morrow. "Wind-induced upwelling in the Kerguelen Plateau region". Biogeosciences 11, n.º 22 (26 de noviembre de 2014): 6389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6389-2014.

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Abstract. In contrast to most of the Southern Ocean, the Kerguelen Plateau supports an unusually strong spring chlorophyll (Chl a) bloom, likely because the euphotic zone in the region is supplied with higher iron concentrations. This study uses satellite wind, sea surface temperature (SST), and ocean color data to explore the impact of wind-driven processes on upwelling of cold (presumably iron-rich) water to the euphotic zone. Results show that, in the Kerguelen region, cold SSTs correlate with high wind speeds, implying that wind-mixing leads to enhanced vertical mixing. Cold SSTs also correlate with negative wind-stress curl, implying that Ekman pumping can further enhance upwelling. In the moderate to high eddy kinetic energy (EKE) regions surrounding Kerguelen, we find evidence of coupling between winds and SST gradients associated with mesoscale eddies, which can locally modulate the wind-stress curl. This coupling introduces persistent wind-stress curl patterns and Ekman pumping around these long-lived eddies, which may modulate the evolution of Chl a in the downstream plume far offshore. Close to the plateau, this eddy coupling breaks down. Kerguelen has a significant wind shadow on its downwind side, which changes position depending on the prevailing wind and which generates a wind-stress curl dipole that shifts location depending on wind direction. This leads to locally enhanced Ekman pumping for a few hundred kilometers downstream from the Kerguelen Plateau; Chl a values tend to be more elevated in places where wind-stress curl induces Ekman upwelling than in locations of downwelling, although the estimated upwelling rates are too small for this relationship to derive from direct effects on upward iron supply, and thus other processes, which remain to be determined, must also be involved in the establishment of these correlations. During the October and November (2011) KErguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study (KEOPS-2) field program, wind conditions were fairly typical for the region, with enhanced Ekman upwelling expected to the north of the Kerguelen Islands.

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44

Gille, S. T., M. M. Carranza, R. Cambra y R. Morrow. "Wind-induced upwelling in the Kerguelen Plateau Region". Biogeosciences Discussions 11, n.º 6 (5 de junio de 2014): 8373–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-8373-2014.

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Abstract. In contrast to most of the Southern Ocean, the Kerguelen Plateau supports an unusually strong spring chlorophyll (Chl a) bloom, likely because the euphotic zone in the region is supplied with higher iron concentrations. This study uses satellite wind, sea surface temperature (SST), and ocean color data to explore the impact of wind-driven processes on upwelling of cold (presumably iron-rich) water to the euphotic zone. High wind speeds typically correlate with cold sea surface temperatures, implying that wind-mixing leads to enhanced vertical mixing. Negative wind-stress curl also correlates with cold SSTs, implying that Ekman pumping can further enhance upwelling, and coupling between winds and SSTs associated with mesoscale eddies can locally modulate the wind-stress curl. Kerguelen has a significant wind shadow on its downwind side, which generates a wind-stress curl dipole that shifts location depending on wind direction. This leads to locally enhanced Ekman pumping on the downstream side of the Kerguelen Plateau, where Chl a blooms are observed most years.

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45

Shaing, K. C. "Region of validity for potato-plateau transport fluxes". Physics of Plasmas 8, n.º 7 (julio de 2001): 3517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1379588.

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46

BLANK, R. R. y M. A. FOSBERG. "DURIPANS OF THE OWYHEE PLATEAU REGION OF IDAHO". Soil Science 152, n.º 2 (agosto de 1991): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199108000-00008.

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47

Lindholm, Miranda S. y Jakob Heyman. "Glacial geomorphology of the Maidika region, Tibetan Plateau". Journal of Maps 12, n.º 5 (1 de septiembre de 2015): 797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2015.1078182.

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48

Zhu, Jie, Shulin Zhi y Suling Ren. "Characteristics of Lightning Activities over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Satellite Detection and Its Circulation Background Analysis". Atmosphere 14, n.º 12 (29 de noviembre de 2023): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14121765.

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Based on the detection data obtained by the LMI (Lightning Mapping Imager)—China’s first satellite-based lightning observation payload—from 2018–2022, combined with the ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5) reanalysis data of the same period, the temporal and spatial characteristics of lightning activities over the Tibetan Plateau and its response to the atmospheric circulation background are studied in detail in this paper. Based on the LMI data, we obtained consistent and continuous long-time-series lightning observation data for the whole region of the plateau for the first time, and the results show that the lightning density in the Tibetan Plateau is much smaller than that in the central and eastern land regions of China (CELR) at the same latitude. Lightning activity was unevenly distributed over the plateau and had obvious seasonal variation characteristics. The monthly amount of lightning and its ratio in the total amount of lightning for the whole year show the characteristics of “increasing first and then decreasing”. Most lightning occurs in June and July, which is about a month earlier than that in the CELR. The amount of lightning fluctuated in May and decreased rapidly after August, which is consistent with the local convective thunderstorm season. The hourly lightning frequency at different altitudes over the Tibetan Plateau is consistent with local convections and unique topography, and it is closely related to the features of the local night rain. The results also reveal comparative features between lightning and the atmospheric circulation background on the plateau, such as the wind field, CAPE (convective available potential energy), temperature, and humidity at 500 hPa. In the context of global warming, the average temperature in the central and western regions of the plateau increased in the past five years. This shows that the Tibetan Plateau, as a summer heat source, has a gradual warming trend, and the corresponding convections and lightning activities are also increasing gradually. Lightning activities can be used as an indicator of DCSs (deep convective systems). This paper gives a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of lightning activities all over the Tibetan Plateau, especially in the western part of the plateau, which lacked ground-based lightning observation data before. In addition, it reveals the comparative features between the lightning activities and the circulation background over the plateau in the past five years, which is helpful for further understanding the contribution of lightning activities to the plateau’s climate change. It can provide some reference for monitoring and researching the severe convective weather over the Tibetan Plateau.

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49

Liu, Wenhao, Ren Li, Tonghua Wu, Xiaoqian Shi, Lin Zhao, Xiaodong Wu, Guojie Hu et al. "Spatiotemporal Patterns and Regional Differences in Soil Thermal Conductivity on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau". Remote Sensing 15, n.º 4 (20 de febrero de 2023): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041168.

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The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is an area known to be sensitive to global climate change, and the problems caused by permafrost degradation in the context of climate warming potentially have far-reaching effects on regional hydrogeological processes, ecosystem functions, and engineering safety. Soil thermal conductivity (STC) is a key input parameter for temperature and surface energy simulations of the permafrost active layer. Therefore, understanding the spatial distribution patterns and variation characteristics of STC is important for accurate simulation and future predictions of permafrost on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. However, no systematic research has been conducted on this topic. In this study, based on a dataset of 2972 STC measurements, we simulated the spatial distribution patterns and spatiotemporal variation of STC in the shallow layer (5 cm) of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and the permafrost area using a machine learning model. The monthly analysis results showed that the STC was high from May to August and low from January to April and from September to December. In addition, the mean STC in the permafrost region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau was higher during the thawing period than during the freezing period, while the STC in the eastern and southeastern regions is generally higher than that in the western and northwestern regions. From 2005 to 2018, the difference between the STC in the permafrost region during the thawing and freezing periods gradually decreased, with a slight difference in the western hinterland region and a large difference in the eastern region. In areas with specific landforms such as basins and mountainous areas, the changes in the STC during the thawing and freezing periods were different or even opposite. The STC of alpine meadow was found to be most sensitive to the changes during the thawing and freezing periods within the permafrost zone, while the STC for bare land, alpine desert, and alpine swamp meadow decreased overall between 2005 and 2018. The results of this study provide important baseline data for the subsequent analysis and simulation of the permafrost on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.

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50

Luppold, William G. y Matthew S. Bumgardner. "Changes in hardwood sawtimber growth, mortality, and removals in the eastern United States". BioResources 16, n.º 1 (9 de noviembre de 2020): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.62-76.

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An examination of changes in growth, mortality, and removals of hardwood sawtimber in the eastern United States within the first two decades of the 21st century found large variations among regions and species groups. Changes in growth ranged from a 17% increase in the Lake States region to a statistically insignificant 1% in the Southern region. Most regions had relatively large increases in mortality. High levels of ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality in the Northeast, Lake States, and Central regions likely were a result of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). Hardwood sawtimber removals declined in all regions except the Lake States and Central regions, with the largest relative declines occurring in the Southern and Mid-Atlantic regions. With the exception of ash, there were no indications of immediate declines in eastern sawtimber volume. However, continual increases in mortality, a resurgence of removals, and reduced growth could cause sawtimber volume to plateau in the coming decades. The findings from this study indicated that there likely would be variations in these plateaus among the species groups and regions.

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