Literatura académica sobre el tema "Plans, Germany: Berlin"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Plans, Germany: Berlin"
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Yang, Quanzhou. "Analysis of the economic problems after the unification of Germany". BCP Business & Management 24 (10 de agosto de 2022): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v24i.1508.
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The fall of the Berlin Wall, one of the eight major political upheavals in Eastern Europe in 1989, fueled popular enthusiasm for reunification, directly undermined the East German government's plans for control and reform, and put the German question back on the international political agenda. The different economic paths and outcomes between the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany led to different social outcomes, resulting in different social structures and social problems. In the end, the economic and social model of federal Germany came to the fore, but the after-effects of reunification and the new national environment forced Germany to embark on a different economic path after reunification. Such new changes in the economic sphere constantly triggered corresponding changes in the structure of German society. How to view these changes is a new problem facing contemporary German studies.
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Bruns, Sebastian. "A Window Seat on American Politics: Reflections on the GMFUS/APSA Congressional Fellowship". PS: Political Science & Politics 45, n.º 02 (14 de marzo de 2012): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096512000078.
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On a foggy Monday morning in late September 2010 in Kiel, Germany, I received a phone call from Berlin. “Do you have any plans for November through summer of next year?” the voice inquired. One of the two German Marshall Fund congressional fellows for the 2010–2011 round had suddenly dropped out and a replacement was needed. The call came five months after I had been initially rejected for the fellowship, and while my life had certainly moved on (I had begun work on my PhD dissertation at the University of Kiel and had expected to stay in Northern Germany for two or three years), I quickly regained my composure, asked for time to discuss this with my dissertation director as well as with my parents, and shortly thereafter accepted the selection. Exactly how I managed to cram the amount of work required for moving overseas into four weeks instead of the usual four to six months remains blurry. Eventually, however, I was able to tie up the loose ends in Germany, get the appropriate work visa for the United States, and even participate in a prestigious, long-planned naval reserve exercise that the German Navy's chief of naval operations had invited me to attend.
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Zlatarsky, Vladimir. "Between “Threat” and “Hero”: Prince Alexander I of Bulgaria and Germany". Epohi 30, n.º 2 (19 de diciembre de 2022): 276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/umzc6448.
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In 1879, when Alexander von Battenberg became ruler of Bulgaria as a compromise decision of the European powers in their search for balance, he faced a difficult situation. It took him a lot of strength to handle the different crises. When the long-term break with Russia occurred, he tried to achieve the cooperation of Germany. He had friends in Berlin, but he also had even more powerful enemies. The analysis of sources that have not yet been evaluated on the topic shows that Alexander I waited with hope for the change of the throne in Berlin. This is because the political plans of the Crown Prince’s family were also connected with Bulgaria and his career. A high-level political game began, which put Alexander at the centre of the politics of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck for years, as well as of European relations. This power struggle, marked by intrigues and threats, was to end in the defeat of Alexander and his allies. The Bulgarian ruler was forced to abdicate, not so much because of his own mistakes, but as a result of the conflicts among the Great Powers and their efforts to maintain balance. The whole situation had negative consequences for Bismarck’s political course as well.
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Mozokhin, O. B. "German Influence and the Creation of Ukrainian Nationalist Organizations in 1920–1940". Modern History of Russia 13, n.º 3 (2023): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.302.
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The article reflects the process of influence of the German special services on the formation of numerous Ukrainian nationalist organizations. With the coming to power of Hitler, the ties of the OUN with the fascists are strengthening, while the leaders of the Ukrainian nationalists widely advertise not only their practical cooperation with fascism, but also their spiritual kinship with it. The Berlin center of the OUN becomes the body coordinating its work against the USSR. The establishment of Soviet power in Western Ukraine led to the defeat of the OUN, the leaders and most active members of nationalist organizations were forced to flee to the territory occupied by Germany, where the Germans created the most privileged position for them. The Germans began to use Ukrainian nationalists in conducting political and administrative events in occupied Poland. At the same time, measures are being taken to train military personnel from among the Ukrainian nationalists, espionage-terrorist and sabotage-insurgent activities are being intensified in case of intervention by the USSR. With the direct participation and assistance of the German command, Ukrainian nationalist-minded youth are trained in various military schools, training centers of the Abwehr. Under the patronage of Germany, the Ukrainian Uniate Greek Catholic Church operates in the General Government, which was used as a tribune through which nationalism was propagandized. Her plans included the unification of churches and the expansion of her influence not only in Ukraine, but also in the long term in the whole of Russia. A great influence on the Ukrainian population was exerted by various Ukrainian institutions and schools, where the Ukrainian nationalist ideology was formed.
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Ponypaliak, Oleksandr. "THE POLICY OF NAZI GERMANY ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA (1941 – 1944)". European Historical Studies, n.º 19 (2021): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.19.7.
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he article considers the policy of Nazi Germany in the occupied Crimea during 1941-1944. The study aims to study and analyze the features of the Nazi occupation regime on the territory of the Crimean peninsula. The author analyzes the plans of the Nazi leadership for the future of the Crimean peninsula in the postwar strategy of Berlin to the occupied territories, considers the main approaches in the implementation ofthe Generalplan OST. The basic concepts of the future position of the Crimean peninsula in the geostrategic calculations of the Third Reich are reflected. In particular, the plans of the Minister for the Eastern Occupied Territories A. Rosenberg, the calculations of the General Commissioner of “Tavria” A. Fraunfeld, the leader of the Nazi Labor Front R. Leigh, and future plans for the fate of the peninsula leader of the Third Reich – A. Hitler. The repressions against the local population and the attitude of the German administration to certain ethnic and political groups, in particular, to the Crimean Tatars, Russians, Ukrainians, and Crimean Tatars, were studied. The article reflects the activities of Einsatzgruppe D and its sounding teams in the Crimea. The consequences of ethnic cleansing of the Nazis in the Crimea are generalized and the course and features of the Holocaust on the territory of the peninsula are described. The issue of relations between the Crimean Tatars and the German occupation administration is covered separately. The course of hostilities for the Crimean peninsula is analyzed, the main milestones of the German-Soviet armed struggle for the Crimea are described. Revealing the issue in the context of hostilities between the Wehrmacht and the Red Army, the author attempted to explain the difficult position of the peninsula in the administrative structure of the occupiers and the main reasons for its long rule directly by the German military command. The aspect of administrative and territorial subordination of Crimea during the occupation has been studied. In general, the author made an attempt to comprehensively consider the policy of the Nazis in the Crimea in its various aspects and planes.
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Makarinov, Vassil y Theodore Karakolev. "Bulgarian Architectural Modernism, German Influences, and Industrial Architecture". Sledva : Journal for University Culture, n.º 40 (7 de abril de 2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/sledva.20.40.7.
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Celebrating the 100th anniversary of Bauhaus school, a team of researchers from “Bulgarian Modernist Architecture” examined archives of German technical universities where Bulgarian architects studied in the first half of the 20th century. The archives in Munich, Berlin and Dresden have preserved the names and records of hundreds of Bulgarian architects from the 1910s, 1920s and 1930s. Their education, university professors, the environment in which they were formed (exhibitions, artistic trends and events) including Bauhaus connections, and how all of these informed the architecture in our country between the two world wars were among the questions explored by the researchers Vassil Makarinov and Theodore Karakolev. After the research in Germany, the team also plans to delve in the industrial architecture from the interwar period - a topic that is poorly known in our country.
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Stegmaier, Peter. "Lauterbach: „Eine Autobahn schneller Studien“". Monitor Versorgungsforschung 16, n.º 06 (2 de diciembre de 2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24945/mvf.06.23.1866-0533.2568.
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‚A decision that supports and strengthens Germany as a business location‘ (Habeck); ‚A really good day for Germany‘ (Lauterbach). It is rare for two federal ministers - Prof Dr Karl Lauterbach (Health) and Dr Robert Habeck (Economics and Vice-Chancellor) - to appear together at a press conference organised by a pharmaceutical company. All that was missing was Bettina Stark-Watzinger, Federal Minister of Education and Research, to round off the triumvirate of ministries significantly involved in the topic. After all, the research-based pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company announced far-reaching investment plans in Germany in Berlin: from 2024, the construction of a new high-tech production facility in Alzey - subject to the approval of the state authorities - is to begin at a cost of 2.3 billion euros. Around 1,900 employees will initially work in the new production network, rising to around 1,000 after completion in 2027.
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Heckart, Beverly. "The Battle of Jena". Journal of Urban History 32, n.º 4 (mayo de 2006): 546–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144205284163.
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Jena, as a medium-sized city within the German Democratic Republic, confronted the socialist regime’s determination to build a massive skyscraper within the intimate urban core in 1968-1969. Functionally planned as a research facility for the VEB Zeiss, the central government in Berlin also intended the “tower” to symbolize architecturally the victory of socialism in Germany. Townsfolk, who identified collectively, professionally, and individually with the historic town, mobilized as best they could to save as much of their familiar inner city as possible. They could not prevent the construction of the skyscraper, but they did succeed in limiting some of the regime’s other urbanist plans. In the process, they experimented with a variety of oppositional forms that protestors later used in other cities. This article suggests that the existing urban environment symbolically presented an alternative to the socialist revolution and became a rallying point for opponents of the regime.
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Mahlkow, Nicole y Julie Donner. "From Planning to Implementation? The Role of Climate Change Adaptation Plans to Tackle Heat Stress: A Case Study of Berlin, Germany". Journal of Planning Education and Research 37, n.º 4 (22 de agosto de 2016): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x16664787.
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Global climate change increases the necessity for mid-latitude cities to tackle urban heat. Climate change adaptation plans are common policy mechanisms to approach the issue. This paper studies the city climate development plan (StEP Klima) of Berlin, Germany, by using Constellation Analysis. We analyzed to what extent StEP Klima might trigger planning and governance processes for the implementation of heat stress measures. Berlin’s plan brought attention to the local risks of urban heat and possible strategies. To translate its aims into decision makers’ everyday governance and planning practice, institutionalized guidance and an activation of policy instruments is needed.
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Wendnagel-Beck, Angela, Marvin Ravan, Nimra Iqbal, Jörn Birkmann, Giorgos Somarakis, Denise Hertwig, Nektarios Chrysoulakis y Sue Grimmond. "Characterizing Physical and Social Compositions of Cities to Inform Climate Adaptation: Case Studies in Germany". Urban Planning 6, n.º 4 (16 de diciembre de 2021): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i4.4515.
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Cities are key to climate change mitigation and adaptation in an increasingly urbanized world. As climate, socio-economic, and physical compositions of cities are constantly changing, these need to be considered in their urban climate adaptation. To identify these changes, urban systems can be characterized by physical, functional, and social indicators. Multi-dimensional approaches are needed to capture changes of city form and function, including patterns of mobility, land use, land cover, economic activities, and human behaviour. In this article, we examine how urban structure types provide one way to differentiate cities in general and to what extent socio-economic criteria have been considered regarding the characterization of urban typologies. In addition, we analyse how urban structure types are used in local adaptation strategies and plans to derive recommendations and concrete targets for climate adaptation. To do this, we examine indicators, background data used, and cartographic information developed for and within such urban adaptation plans, focusing in particular on the German cities of Karlsruhe and Berlin. The comparative analysis provides new insights into how present adaptation plans consider physical and social structures, including issues of human vulnerability within cities. Based on the analysis we make recommendations on how to improve the consideration of both physical and socio-economic aspects of a city to support pathways for adaptation.
Tesis sobre el tema "Plans, Germany: Berlin"
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Kagelmacher, Falk. "Technology transfer centre". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948714.
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Sterthaus, Kerstin. "Motion in architecture and the convergence of art and technology : Art center in Berlin, Germany". Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1136709.
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"The essence of architecture is the power of adaptation to fresh facts.” Berthold LubetkinThis creative project was my way of exploring if a convergence of art and technology in architecture can exist today.This exploration involved two focus points: one was movement and the other was glass technology.Movement was used for the exploration of the spatial relationships within an interpretation of our society today: the movement on the site as well as the inner motion of the single building elements.Glass was my modern technology tool for translating artistic ideas within architecture. It acts as a mediator between inside and outside space, between art and technology and creates a connection to the ‘understanding’ of our society.This paper is presented in five parts. The first part is the introduction to my thesis and the theoretical research about art and technology. Second is the process which I used for this project. The project is the third part. The fourth part is about glass, which represents my way of exploring the convergence of art and technology within architecture today. The last part of this paper is the overall conclusion.Department of Architecture
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Liu, Guangji. "Urban shelter for diverse living : master plan in Leharter Street". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/25001.
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Berlin is one of the most dense cities for tenantable living, from nineteen century to the reunification decade in the late twentieth, the housing living cost always maintain an affordable level for multiple classes requirements. However, after step into twenty-one century, the urban gentrification sweeps out many affordable rental housing financed by city government, instead of higher cost for housing living in downtown Berlin. What I look for in this master design project is trying to broad a new view in how to develop the modern, affordable housing for diverse groups living in the inner city.text
Libros sobre el tema "Plans, Germany: Berlin"
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Giesen, Sebastian. Tieranatomisches Theater, Berlin. Dortmund: Verlag Kettler, 2020.
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Kristin, Feireiss y Commerell Hans Jürgen, eds. Zvi Hecker: Die Heinz-Galinski-Schule in Berlin. Tübingen: Wasmuth, 1995.
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Poelzig, Hans. Hans Poelzig: Die Pläne und Zeichnungen aus dem ehemaligen Verkehrs- und Baumuseum in Berlin. Berlin: Ernst, 1989.
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Amber, Sayah, Germany Bundesbaudirektion y Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz, eds. Museumsinsel Berlin: Wettbewerb zum Neuen Museum = Competition for the Neues Museum. Stuttgart: avEdition, 1994.
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Romana, Schneider, ed. Le Bar du Paris Bar: [Berlin, Architektur und Kunst]. Tübingen: Wasmuth, 2001.
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Engel, Helmut. Das Charlottenburger Tor: Tor zu einer der "schönsten Strassen der Welt". Berlin: Stiftung Denkmalschutz, 2005.
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Achim, Grube Hans, Cowley Ian y Berliner Kraft- und Licht (Bewag)-Aktiengesellschaft., eds. Elektropolis: Chancen & Visionen : Projektarbeiten der TFH Berlin = Chances & visions : project works of the TFH Berlin. Berlin: Jovis, 2002.
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Haase, Andreas y Christian Däschler. "Contemporary architecture": Realities: united (Berlin) : Ausstellung in der Galerie archcouture, kuratiert von Ilka & Andreas Ruby, textbild. Berlin : 17. Oktober 2008 - 15. Januar 2009. Halle: Archcouture, 2008.
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Akademie der Künste (Berlin, Germany), ed. Die Akademie der Künste: Achtzehn Entwürfe, internes Gutachterverfahren für das Gebäude am Pariser Platz in Berlin. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn, 1995.
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Cullen, Michael S. Calatrava, Berlin: Five projects = fünf Projekte. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1994.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Plans, Germany: Berlin"
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Strote, Noah Benezra. "The Battle over National Education". En Lions and Lambs. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300219050.003.0004.
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This chapter looks at the volatile debate about the future of German youth and the ability of the schools to turn them away from nationalism and toward a vision of international understanding. After the resignation of Heinrich Brüning in May 1932, a battle over the future of national education exposed a dangerous ideological rift running through Germany. Although conflicts over constitutive issues such as the separation of legal powers and political economy had been fierce in the preceding years, German journalists began writing about the actual possibility of “civil war” in the summer of 1932. It was the precise point at which a new national government, led by chancellor Franz von Papen, began laying plans for a radical centralization of educational policy. It was the first time since Germany's political unification sixty years earlier that the national regime in Berlin took administration of schools and curriculum away from the individual states and began centralizing decision making in the capital.
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Caute, David. "The Russian Question: A Russian Play". En The Dancer Defects, 88–116. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199249084.003.0005.
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Abstract Among Soviet dramas of the early cold war, Konstantin Simonov’s play The Russian Question (Russkii vopros) merits a chapter to itself. It was probably unique in confining its dramatis personae to American characters-not a Russian in sight. The Russian Question was the cold war play par excellence, promoted and disseminated with Stalin’s approval in thirty Soviet theatres. In Germany the Soviet-zone premie’re followed within a month of the opening night in Moscow, despite a storm of American protests, by which time German-language translations were already on sale at Berlin kiosks. Two weeks later the Soviet Embassy in London put out an English translation; news of a Stalin Prize soon followed. Production plans for Mikhail Romm’s film of the play were announced almost immediately. At the end of the year, with the play still running, Stalin, Molotov, and Voroshilov appeared in the ‘royal box’ at the Moscow Art Theatre, the ultimate seal of approval.
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Stangl, Paul. "City Plans". En Risen from Ruins. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503603202.003.0003.
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Between 1945 and 1949 a series of modernist plans were developed for Berlin. In this time of political turmoil, planners and politicians projected a broad range of meanings onto the plans. After the founding of the East German state, Lothar Bolz orchestrated the adoption of socialist realism as state policy, requiring a return to traditional urban design. This theory included a range of tenets guiding planning, but Walter Ulbricht intervened to assure that planning would be dominated by a concern for parade routes leading to an immense square in the city center. In response to West Berlin’s international building exhibition, the German Democratic Republic held their own design competition for a “socialist” city center in 1958. The recent introduction of industrialized building, along with uncertainty and debate over the nature of “socialist” architecture, was evident in designs with a range of influences, including international modernism, midcentury modernism, and socialist realism.
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Schröder, Hans-Jürgen. "Marshall-Plan-Propaganda in Berlin". En Germany and America, 146–64. Berghahn Books, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv287shxc.13.
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Strasburg, James D. "The Lonely Flame". En God's Marshall Plan, 79–103. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197516447.003.0004.
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This chapter surveys how the American Protestant ecumenical leader Stewart Winfield Herman, Jr., responded to the Nazi regime while serving as a pastor in Berlin from 1936 to 1941. Through an examination of Herman’s views of Hitler, the German Church Struggle, and Nazi persecution of the Jews, it weighs just how conflicted American Protestants, including leading Protestant ecumenists, proved on these matters. Based in the Nazi capital, Herman in particular captured the uncertain mind of American Protestants on German affairs. In Berlin, Herman expressed caution about Nazi totalitarianism, yet he still proved open to some of Hitler’s aims of national renewal and voiced his support of the German leader. He also hesitated to support the Confessing Church at first, fearing that the movement might cause enduring ecclesial schism. Finally, when Berlin’s Jews came to Herman seeking aid, anti-Judaism and Christian antisemitism led him and other Americans to be slow to offer their help. Overall, Herman’s interwar record illustrates how Protestant ecumenists were far from monolithic or fixed in their views of their era’s challenges. As their witness fractured, they struggled to meaningfully counteract Nazi fascism.
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Watanabe-O'Kelly, Helen. "Staging Empire as History and Allegory in Austria and Germany". En Projecting Imperial Power, 256–70. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802471.003.0011.
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Theatrical presentations of the foundational myths of the Austrian and German empires, either as costumed processions and pageants or as specially commissioned plays for the theatre, were staged on anniversaries and important jubilees. In Austria, the most important was Franz Joseph’s Diamond Jubilee in 1908, when a pageant of 12,000 lay participants took place in Vienna, while other elements of the national myth were presented on the stage. Wilhelm II played an active part in promoting the imperial theatre festival in Wiesbaden between 1896 and 1914, for which parts of the Hohenzollern myth were dramatized. In 1897, on Wilhelm I’s hundredth birthday, Ernst von Wildenbruch’s Willehalm was performed in Berlin, a verse drama presenting Wilhelm I in allegorical form as the hero who rescued Germany from the evil French.
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Feldman, Gerald D. "The Presentation of the Bill". En The Great Disorder, 309–43. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195037913.003.0008.
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Abstract Reparations is the Pandora’s box that must be opened if the breakdown of the relative stabilization of 1920–1921 and the subsequent galloping inflation and hyperinflation are to be understood. The London Ultimatum of May 1921, which set the reparations bill at 132 billion gold marks and set up a payments plan under which the Germans were to pay two billion gold marks in annuities and approximately another billion yearly in the form of 26 percent of the value of their exports, reached Berlin on May 6 and brought down the Fehrenbach government. It was accepted on May IO, 1921, by a new government under Joseph Wirth. This marked a real turning point. The fulfillment of the London Ultimatum became the central issue of German domestic and foreign policy, was intimately linked to the issue of stabilization, and dominated public discussion of taxation, social policy, and economic policy. The origins of the London Ultimatum and German efforts to cope with it, therefore, are central to the history of the German inflation.
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Copeland, Jack. "Tunny: Hitler’s biggest fish". En The Turing Guide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747826.003.0022.
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After 1942, the Tunny cipher machine took over increasingly from Enigma for encrypting Berlin’s highest-level army communications. Hitler used Tunny to communicate with his generals at the front lines. Turing tackled Tunny in the summer of 1942, and altered the course of the war by inventing the first systematic method for breaking into the torrent of priceless Tunny messages. The story of Enigma’s defeat by the Bletchley Park codebreakers astonished the world. Less well known is the story—even more astounding—of the codebreakers’ success against a later, stateof- the-art German cipher machine (Fig. 14.1). This new machine began its work encrypting German Army messages in 1941, nearly two years into the war. At Bletchley Park it was codenamed simply ‘Tunny’. Broken Tunny messages contained intelligence that changed the course of the war and saved an incalculable number of lives. How Bletchley Park broke Tunny remained a closely guarded secret for more than 50 years. In June 2000 the British government finally declassified the hitherto ultra-secret 500-page official history of the Tunny operation. Titled ‘General report on Tunny’, this history was written in 1945 at the end of the war by three of the Tunny codebreakers, Donald Michie, Jack Good, and Geoffrey Timms. Finally the secrecy ended: the ‘General report’ laid bare the whole incredible story of the assault on Tunny. Far more advanced than Enigma, Tunny marked a new era in crypto-technology. The Enigma machine dated from the early 1920s—its manufacturer first placed it on the market in 1923—and even though the German Army and Navy made extensive modifications, Enigma was certainly no longer state-of-the-art equipment by the time the war broke out in 1939. From 1942, Hitler and the German Army High Command in Berlin relied increasingly on the Tunny machine to protect their ultra-secret communications with the front-line generals who commanded the war in the eastern and western theatres. Germany’s compromised Tunny radio network carried the highest grade of intelligence, giving Bletchley Park the opportunity to eavesdrop on lengthy back-and-forth communications between the grand architects of Germany’s battle plans. Tunny leaked detailed information about German strategy, tactical planning, and military strengths and weaknesses.
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Steinke, Ronen. "A Daring Plan". En Anna and Dr Helmy, 59–64. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893369.003.0008.
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This chapter starts with a discussion of Anna’s defiance to wear a yellow badge that recognizes her as Jewish. It mentions the Gestapo that deported Jews from Berlin, including Anna who was ordered to get her passport stamped at the Romanian Consulate and leave Germany for Romania. It also talks about the Consular official that stamped Anna’s passport, who advised her not to travel to Romania under any circumstances as Jews were sent to camps in Poland instead. The chapter details how Anna turned to Dr. Mohamed Helmy to hide from the Gestapo and changed her identity into the Muslim Nadia, Dr. Helmy’s niece and assistant. It recounts the beginning of the Gestapo’s search for Anna after they were notified that the Jewish girl had gone away on 10 March 1942.
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Lewy, Guenter. "Creating Social Outcasts". En The Nazi Persecution of the Gypsies, 84–106. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125566.003.0007.
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Abstract The plan to send the German Gypsies to the General Government had ended with the expulsion of a mere 2,500. Theremaining 30,000 Gypsies in the Reich1 were subject to a freeze on mobility and were gradually put under various other restrictive measures. Most of these decrees were the result of decisions taken in Berlin; others, it appears, were enacted in response to pressure from local authorities.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Plans, Germany: Berlin"
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Schu¨tte, Jo¨rg y Sven Scholz. "A New Security and Safety Solution for Public Guided Transport". En 2009 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2009-63015.
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Railway and Public Guided Transit Properties often employ large numbers of video cameras to supervise critical areas and facilitate incident management. Capabilities of Central Control Staff is, however, limited to check the increasing number of CCTV images and so far automated image processing solutions had been insufficiently reliable. TelSys GmbH (a railway telematics company in Dresden, Germany) had therefore developed over the last seven years together with the University of Technology in Dresden and some public transport providers (subway of Berlin, subway of Prague) a robust solution to supervise automatically critical areas like tunnel entrances, station tracks or station platform edges. Also qualifications with German Railways and in Finland had been performed. The automatic image processing software reliably differentiates between trains (“permitted” objects) and objects that move from the platform into the tracks or move too close to otherwise prohibited areas. Object sizes, alarm times, reliability and safety requirements had been taken from the VDV 399 standard of the German Public Transport Operators Association. After years of reliability and safety research and demonstration the system is now in regular operation (stopping automatically incoming driverless trains if an object is detected in the track) and can be considered as the first safe video image processing system according to railway standards. Experiences, system architecture and principles as well as further development plans and planned demonstration installation in North America are discussed.
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Halaczek, B., W. Strobl, U. Kubenz y B. Engel. "Linking Poland and Germany – a new Rail Bridge over the River Odra: the Küstrin-Kietz Crossing". En IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0356.
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<p>Following the first prize in a two-stage limited design competition, the Anglo-German team of Knight Architects and Schüßler-Plan Berlin have developed two new bridges which will be the central part of the Berlin-Kostrzyn-Gorzów railway modernisation programme: one is over the River Odra crossing the German- Polish border and the other crosses the river floodplain on the German side.</p><p>The team’s solution for the main crossing is an elegant network arch spanning 130m. The majestic steel structure, with its crown positioned above the axis of the state border, will be a landmark that will not only highlight the importance of the location but will be also a welcoming gesture to everyone traveling between the countries. The smaller “Odervorflut” bridge, located 500m west uses the same architectural language as the main bridge creating a family of slender and elegant structures.</p>
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Main, Armin y Thomas Maghon. "Concepts and Experiences for Higher Plant Efficiency With Modern Advanced Boiler and Incineration Technology". En 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3541.
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The efforts for reducing CO2 Emissions into atmosphere and increasing costs for fossil fuels concepts are the drivers for Energy from Waste (EfW) facilities with higher plant efficiency. In the past steam parameters for EfW were requested mainly at 40 bars and 400 °C (580 psi and 752 F). In case of coal fired power plants at the same location as the EfW facilities higher steam parameters at 90 bar, 520 °C (1305 psi, 968 F) have been used for the design of stoker and boiler. This long-term experience with higher steam parameters is the platform for the todays and future demand in higher plant efficiency. Increase in EfW plant efficiency is achievable by increasing temperature and pressure of live steam going along with optimized combustion conditions when using well proven grate technology for waste incineration. On the other hand higher steam parameters result in higher corrosion rates on the boiler tubes and the optimization of the combustion conditions are limited by the burn out quality requirements of slag and flue gas. Advantages and disadvantages have therefore to be balanced carefully. This paper will present different measures for optimized boiler and combustion conditions compared to an EfW plant with live steam at 40 bars and 400 °C (580 psi and 752 F) and 60% excess of combustion air. Plants operated at these conditions have very low maintenance costs created by corrosion of boiler tubes and show performance with very high availability. The following parameters and experiences will be evaluated: - reduction of excess air; - flue gas temperature at boiler outlet; - higher steam parameters (pressure and temperature); - heating surfaces for steam superheating in the radiation boiler section; - steam reheating; - external superheaters using auxiliary fuels. The comparison of the different methods for increasing the efficiency together with resulting technology challenges incorporates the experiences from modern EfW reference facilities built in Naples/Italy, Ruedersdorf (Berlin)/Germany and Heringen/Germany.
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Abokersh, Mohamed Hany, Manel Vallès, Luisa F. Cabeza y Dieter Boer. "A Multicriteria Approach to Evaluate Solar Assisted District Heating in the German Market". En ASME 2020 14th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2020-1668.
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Abstract Following the ambitious EU plan in cutting the greenhouse emission and replacing conventional heat sources through the presence of renewable energy share inside efficient district heating fields, seasonal storage coupled with district heating plants can have a viable contribution to this goal. However, the performance uncertainty combined with the inadequate assessment regarding the financial potential and the greenhouse emission reduction associated with the deployment of those innovate district heating systems represents a great challenge for sufficiently apply it. Our work tends to explore the prospects for wide-scale deployment of the seasonal storage in the residential sector in the German market. The proposed methodology framework correspondingly based on a multi-objective approach which is applied to optimize the cost against an aggregated environmental metric throughout the life cycle of the proposed system in comparison to their relative conventional heating systems. In this context, the proposed methodology framework is applied to Berlin as a representative for the central European climate zone with consideration for the seasonal and short-term storage systems and their relatively load profiles. The environmental improvement associated with the solar district heating system (SDHS) coupled with seasonal storage in the central European climate zone is heavily weighed enough in decision making for proposing SDHS as a sustainable solution replacing the conventional heat sources. Furthermore, the proposed methodology framework successes in eliminating the yearly system variation. Thus, the yearly solar fraction never goes down below than 97.8% in the investigated climate zone. Overall this study can assist in approving the feasibility of the SDHS with the goal of establishing a more sustainable energy infrastructure in Germany.
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Chen, Chih-Hung y Chih-Yu Chen. "From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township". En 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5923.
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From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township. Chih-Hung Chen¹, Chih-Yu Chen¹ ¹ Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan City 70101, Taiwan ROC E-mail: chihhungchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw Keywords (3-5): Industrial City, City-like Settlement, Morphological Process, Town-Plan Analysis, Sugar Refinery Conference topics and scale: City transformations City-like Settlement (German: Teilweise Stadtähnliche Siedlungen) (Schwarz, 1989; Sorre, 1952) plays an important role in the course of civilization, especially the development of industrial cities. Accordingly, this study utilizes Town-Plan Analysis (Conzen, 1960) to deconstruct the relationships between industrialization and settlement formation in order to illustrate the common origin of cities in Taiwan as a result of the emerging economy at the turn of the 20th century. The industrial city of Huwei, known as the “sugar city” with largest yields of cane sugar in Taiwan, had the largest-scale sugar refinery in pre-war East Asia (Williams, 1980). The city has grown and transformed with the factory during the four phases of morphological periods, which began at the establishment of the sugar refinery and worker housing in the middle of the fertile flooding plain in western Taiwan. The spatial arrangement was directed to operational and management efficiency, characterized by the simple grids and hierarchy of layout along the riverside. As the industry enlarged, the new urban core was planned to support the original settlement with shophouses accumulated in the small grids. Followed by postwar modernism (Schinz, 1989), the urban planning again extended the city boundary with larger and polygonal blocks. In the fourth phase, however, the sugar refinery downsized, leading to the conversion of the worker housing and the merging of the factory and the city that slowly brought to its present shape. The morphological process results in the concentric structure from the sugar refinery, providing valuable references for the preservation of the sugar industry townscape, and unveils the influence of industrialization as well as the special urban development pattern in Taiwan. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis, 2nd edition (1969), (Institute of British Geographers, London). Schinz, A. (1989) Cities in China (Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin and Stuugart). Schwarz, G. (1959) Allgemeine Siedlungsgeographie (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin). Sorre, M. (1952) Les Fondements de la géographie humaine (Reliure inconnue, Paris). Williams, J. F. (1980) Sugar: the sweetener in Taiwan’s development. In Ronald, G. K. (ed.), China’s island frontier. Studies in the historical geography of Taiwan, pp. 219-251. (University of Hawaii Press and the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu)
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Janus, Bertram, Joachim Bigalk, Lennard Helmers, Benjamin Witzel, Yohannes Ghermay, Michael Huth, Cliff Johnson, Kyle Landry y Robert Sunshine. "Successfully Validated Combustion System Upgrade for the SGT5/6-8000H Gas Turbines: Technical Features and Test Results". En ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-27015.
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An upgrade of the lean premixed combustion system installed in the SGT5-8000H in Irsching/Germany was developed for the 50 Hz and 60 Hz versions of the SGTX-8000H gas turbines. It features lower CO and NOx emissions by improving combustion aerodynamics and reduction of the air consumption of the combustion system. Furthermore an improved secondary air managing system increases the amount of air, which can be supplied in a controllable way to the turbine in part load operation and, thus, increases the combustor temperature. This is done in stepwise increasing the air mass flow to the turbine by feeding compressor exit air to different distinct turbine stages. All in all this system extends the turn down capability beyond the level achievable by the new combustion system alone. The new combustion system and the secondary air managing system were installed in full scale and tested in the SGT6-8000H test facility of the Siemens Gas turbine plant in Berlin. The results have subsequently successfully been validated in the first commercial application on a customer site. This paper presents the technical features of the systems, the development program and the test results.
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Sun, Hongtu, Jingyuan Qu, Ping Wang y Jing Kang. "Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process in the Selection of Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning Strategy". En 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60117.
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With the increase of the world’s nuclear facilities decommissioning activities, people all over the world pay more and more attention to decommissioning strategy. In order to strengthen the exchange of experience related to decommissioning activities in the world, both in 2002 Germany Berlin and in 2006 Greece Athens, IAEA held the international conference on lessons learned from the decommissioning twice. Decommissioning was one of the most important conference topics each time. The meeting also reached a consensus that it is necessary to consider decommissioning as soon as possible. This paper analyzes and discusses nine kinds of factors influencing decommissioning strategy, including source survey, waste management, government policy, decommissioning step, decommissioning cost, decommissioning technology, public acceptance, soil acceptable level and optimization of radiation protection. These nine factors are chosen for a variety of factors on the comprehensive consideration of affecting degree. In other word, they are more important factors to represent the problem as thoroughly as possible. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a systematic and hierarchical multi-objective decision analysis method. It is a basic approach to decision making which is proposed by T L. Saaty in 1970s, who is a professor of Pittsburgh University and the primary theoretician of AHP. In this paper, the goal is how to choose the appropriate decommissioning strategy using the method of AHP. The preferred decommissioning strategy should consider various factors, such as policy, economy, radiation protection, public acceptance, waste management and so on. Some factors are quantitative while others are qualitative. At present, there are three kinds of nuclear power plant (NPP) decommissioning strategy including immediate dismantling, deferred dismantling and entombment. The three kinds of decommissioning strategies all have their respective pros and cros. Analytic hierarchy model includes goal layer, criterion layer and program layer. In this paper, selection of decommissioning strategy is the goal layer. Nine chosen factors make up the criterion layer and three different decommissioning strategies constitute the program layer. The next step is comparative judgment which means the elements on the criterion layer are arranged into a matrix and the goal makes judgment about the relative importance of the elements with respect to the overall goal. The matrixes of pairwise comparisons of facts in criterion layer to program layer are also given in the paper. The fundamental scale of values to represent the intensities of judgments is the 1∼9 scale. For each pairwise comparison matrix, the maximum eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector are calculated. Consistency index (CI), random Consistency Index (RI) and consistency ratio (CR) are used to check consistency. In case inspection result meets the conformance requirement, normalized feature vector is the weight vector. On the contrary, it is needed to reconstruct the pairwise comparison matrix. Only by all matrixes go through consistency checking can results meet the satisfied conformance requirements. Meanwhile, the weights of nine factors in pairwise comparison matrixes are also discussed in the paper. In summary, based on the principle of AHP, an analytic hierarchy model of NPP decommissioning strategy choice has been established. Paired comparison judgments in the AHP are applied to pairs of these factors. The AHP method uses pairwise comparison of factors and contrasts them using a relative scale in order to minimize the difference in the nature of the different factors to compare with each other and also improve accuracy. The calculation results show that deferred dismantling (Weight: 0.4663) is superior to immediate dismantling (Weight: 0.3768), and immediate dismantling is better than entombment (Weight: 0.1569). These factors are ranked according to the weight of calculation results. The top three factors are government policies (Weight: 0.3512), decommissioning cost (Weight: 0.2038) and waste management (Weight: 0.1611).
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Pillay, Nischolan y Yashaen Luckan. "The Practicing Academic: Insights of South African Architectural Education". En 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.22.
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Architectural education, in the past had a grounding in a strict apprentice or pupillage method of training architects. The apprentice was someone who worked or trained under a master that transferred skill through a “hands on” approach. Architecture was regarded as one of the arts and there was no formal training to qualify one as an architect. It was through the acclaimed Vitruvius that the architectural profession was born. Vitruvius had published “Ten Books on Architecture” that led to an attempt to summarize professional knowledge of architecture and in doing so became the first recognizable architect. The architectural profession spread throughout Europe in the mid-16th century and the builder and architect became two distinct characters. Although architecture had become a profession, it wasn’t up until the late 17th century that architecture became an academic pursuit through an institutionalized educational system known as École des Beaux Arts, however the pursuit of a strict academic scholar was not the focus. At the beginning of the 1800’s, The University of Berlin in Germany forged the fundamental research and scholarly pursuit. Architecture, like the professions of medicine, law etc. became a system of academic pursuit where professors concentrated deeply on academics first and professional work second. It is through the lens of history we can decipher how architecture became an academic discipline almost de-voiding it of its vocational nature. In its current standing, various universities place a high emphasis on research output from their academic staff. Presently, architecture schools in South Africa recruit lecturers on their academic profiles, rather than their vocational experience. The approach of which has devalued the input of industry into education. It has been noted that there has been an increase in an academic pursuit rather than a professional one for the lecturers that teach architecture. This research explores the views of academics on architectural education, teaching methods and the importance of practice at South African universities. The authors of this research provide an auto-ethnographic insight into their invaluable experience of being academics at two large Universities in South Africa and concurrently run successful practices. The research makes use of a mixed method approach of secondary data from literature and semi-structured interviews posed to academics. Initial findings reveal that academics are pushing the industry to play a part in the education of architects; however, the extent must be determined. If industry plays a role in the education of architects, what factors are considered and how does this inter-twine with the academic nature of training? What strategies are academics employing to make sure students are vocationally well trained and academically capable? Another important question to ask is what qualities make an academic architect in the 21st century?
Informes sobre el tema "Plans, Germany: Berlin"
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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu y Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, febrero de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.
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Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.