Bibliografías temáticas / Placement and trajectory design

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Placement and trajectory design"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Placement and trajectory design"

Landau, Damon. "Efficient Maneuver Placement for Automated Trajectory Design". Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 41, n.º 7 (julio de 2018): 1531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.g003172.

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Wang, Xianfeng, Huaqiao Wang y Jun Xiao. "Research on a fiber ring generating algorithm for manufacturing fiber composite rotating structures of complex geometry". Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 42, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2018): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-0042.

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Due to its light weight and high strength, carbon fiber reinforcement resin based composite (CFRC) has been widely used in aerospace, military, and many other industries. As the manufacturing technology develops, the geometry of CFRC components has seen significant changes, such as closed surface from the traditional open surface, or quite sophisticated topologies from simple shapes. As a result, fabrication of CFRC is confronted with challenging issues related to the design of fiber placement trajectory for optimal performance. In this paper, a trajectory generating algorithm is proposed based on the centroid curve of a quasi-rotational structure, where the centroid curve is the connection of centroids of the cross-sections of the structure. After the centroid curve of the component is achieved, the cross-section profiles perpendicular to the centroid curve can be determined. An efficient number of profiles are identified to avoid any overlap among neighboring profiles along the centroid curve. In this manner, the essential data for ultimate trajectory design are eventually obtained that can precisely reflect placement angles. The present work will effectively enhance the accuracy of trajectory of fiber placement and promote the mechanical property of CFRC components.

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Krüger, Marie T., Alexis P. R. Terrapon, Alexander Hoyningen, Chan-Hi Olaf Kim, Arno Lauber y Oliver Bozinov. "Posterior Fossa Approaches Using the Leksell Vantage Frame with a Virtual Planning Approach in a Series of 10 Patients—Feasibility, Accuracy, and Pitfalls". Brain Sciences 12, n.º 12 (24 de noviembre de 2022): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121608.

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The open-face design of the Leksell Vantage frame provides many advantages. However, its more rigid, contoured design offers less flexibility than other frames. This is especially true for posterior fossa approaches. This study explores whether these limitations can be overcome by tailored frame placement using a virtual planning approach. The posterior fossa was accessed in ten patients using the Leksell Vantage frame. Frame placement was planned with the Brainlab Elements software, including a phantom-based (virtual) pre-operative planning approach. A biopsy was performed in all patients; in four, additional laser ablation surgery was performed. The accuracy of virtual frame placement was compared to actual frame placement. The posterior approach was feasible in all patients. In one case, the trajectory had to be adjusted; in another, the trajectory was switched from a right- to a left-sided approach. Both cases showed large deviations from the initially planned frame placement. A histopathological diagnosis was achieved in all patients. The new Leksell Vantage frame can be used to safely target the posterior fossa with a high diagnostic success rate and accuracy. Frame placement needs to be well-planned and executed. This can be facilitated using specific software solutions as demonstrated.

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Wray, Steven, Ronnie Mimran, Sasidhar Vadapalli, Snehal S. Shetye, Kirk C. McGilvray y Christian M. Puttlitz. "Pedicle screw placement in the lumbar spine: effect of trajectory and screw design on acute biomechanical purchase". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 22, n.º 5 (mayo de 2015): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.spine14205.

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OBJECT Low bone mineral density in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery with screws is an especially difficult challenge because poor bone quality can severely compromise the maximum achievable purchase of the screws. A relatively new technique, the cortical bone screw trajectory, utilizes a medialized trajectory in the caudocephalad direction to engage a greater amount of cortical bone within the pars interarticularis and pedicle. The objectives of this cadaveric biomechanical study were to 1) evaluate a cortical screw system and compare its mechanical performance to the traditional pedicle screw system; 2) determine differences in bone quality associated with the cortical screw trajectory versus the normal pedicle screw insertion technique; 3) determine the cortical wall breach rate with both the cortical and traditional screw trajectories; and 4) determine the performance of the traditional screw in the cortical screw trajectory. METHODS Fourteen fresh frozen human lumbar spine sections (L1–5) were used in this study (mean age 57 ± 19 years). The experimental plan involved drilling and tapping screw holes for 2 trajectories under navigation (a traditional pedicle screw and a cortical screw) in both high-and low-quality vertebrae, measuring the bone quality associated with these trajectories, placing screws in the trajectories, and evaluating the competence of the screw purchase via 2 mechanical tests (pullout and toggle). The 3 experimental variants were 1) traditional pedicle screws placed in the traditional pedicle screw trajectory, 2) traditional pedicle screws placed in the cortical screw trajectory, and 3) cortical screws placed in the cortical screw trajectory. RESULTS A statistically significant increase in bone quality was observed for the cortical trajectories with a cortical screw (42%; p < 0.001) and traditional pedicle screw (48%; p < 0.001) when compared to the traditional trajectory with a traditional pedicle screw within the high-quality bone group. These significant differences were also found in the lowquality bone cohort. All mechanical parameter comparisons (screw type and trajectory) between high-quality and lowquality samples were significant (p < 0.01), and these data were all linearly correlated (r ≥ 0.65) to bone mineral density. Not all mechanical parameters determined from pullout and toggle testing were statistically significant between the 3 screw/trajectory combinations. The incidence of cortical wall breach with the cortical or traditional pedicle screw trajectories was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrated that the cortical trajectory provides denser bone that allows for utilization of smaller screws to obtain mechanical purchase that is equivalent to long pedicle screws placed in traditional pedicle screw trajectories for both normal- and low-quality bone. Overall, this biomechanical study in cadavers provides evidence that the cortical screw trajectory represents a good option to obtain fixation for the lumbar spine with low-quality bone.

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Garell, P. Charles, Roman Mirsky, M. Daniel Noh, Christopher M. Loftus, Patrick W. Hitchon, M. Sean Grady, Ralph G. Dacey y Matthew A. Howard. "Posterior ventricular catheter burr-hole localizer". Journal of Neurosurgery 89, n.º 1 (julio de 1998): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1998.89.1.0157.

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✓ Proper ventricular catheter placements are associated with improved shunt performance. When placing ventricular catheters via the posterior approach, the surgeon must determine an optimum trajectory and then pass a catheter along that trajectory. The incidence of optimal posterior catheter placements is increased by using a posterior catheter guide (PCG); however, errors may still occur because of poor selection of a posterior burr-hole site. In this report an easy-to-use posterior burr-hole localizer (Localizer) is described that defines the optimum burr-hole location based on geometric relationships involving the ear and supraorbital rims. The basic design principle of the Localizer was formulated and tested by using neuronavigational imaging tools to examine normal adult ventricular anatomy in relation to surface landmarks and by reviewing imaging studies obtained in 50 adult patients with hydrocephalus. Subsequently, the Localizer was used in 28 consecutive patients scheduled to undergo shunt surgery performed by using the PCG. In all cases the catheter entered the ventricle on the first pass and postoperative imaging studies demonstrated successful placement in the ipsilateral anterior horn. There were no catheter-related complications. These early results indicate that the Localizer and PCG devices may be safe and effective when used in combination for placement of posterior ventricular catheters.

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Choi, Woo-hyeok y Yukio Takeda. "Geometric Design and Prototyping of a (2-RRU)-URR Parallel Mechanism for Thumb Rehabilitation Therapy". Machines 9, n.º 3 (26 de febrero de 2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9030050.

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In this paper, the geometrical design of a (2-RRU)-URR (where R and U stand for the revolute and universal joints, respectively) parallel mechanism was demonstrated for thumb rehabilitation therapy. This paper consists of two parts: the design procedure for the development of a thumb rehabilitation device and the user experiment with the prototype. Because the hand generally has a limited working area, the design of the hand attachment parts and the placement of the actuators requires careful consideration of the various factors. Along with the kinematic requirements of the device, the interaction between the mechanism and the fingers must be considered. The proposed mechanism has three actuators placed in the hand attachment. When the mechanism is attached to the hand, there is the possibility of collisions between the fingers of the user and the mechanism. Two design candidates were devised while considering the limited working area of the hand and the need to avoid collisions. Due to the dependency of the workspace on the placement of the actuators, a comparison of the workspace of the two candidate designs and the target workspace was carried out. The target workspace was determined through the use of thumb trajectory measurement data. A prototype was manufactured using 3D printed plastic and aluminum materials. To confirm the practical performance of the prototype, user experiments were conducted in which a comparison between the thumb measurement data and the controlled trajectory of each person was done. Motion in two directions, specifically, adduction–abduction and flexion–extension were performed. The results showed that the controlled trajectory of flexion–extension were closely matched to the thumb measurement trajectory. Finally, the experimental results are discussed.

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Lang, Ke, Xiaoying Nie, Yongjian Huai y Yuanyuan Chen. "Research on object placement method based on trajectory recognition in Metaverse". Metaverse 2, n.º 2 (6 de julio de 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54517/m.v2i2.2104.

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<p>Many studies focus on only one aspect while placing objects in virtual reality environment, such as efficiency, accuracy or interactivity. However, striking a balance between these aspects and taking into account multiple indicators is important as it is the key to improving user experience. Therefore, this paper proposes an efficient and interactive object placement method for recognizing controller trajectory in virtual reality environment. For creating user-friendly feedback, we visualize the intersection of the ray and the scene by linking the controller motion information and the ray. The trajectory is abstracted as point-clouds for matching, and the corresponding object is instantiated at the center of the trajectory. To verify the interactive performance and user satisfaction with this method, we carry out a study on user experience. The results show that both the efficiency and interaction interest are improved by applying our new method, which provides a good idea for the interactive design of virtual reality layout applications.</p>

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Altalbe, Ali A., Aamir Shahzad y Muhammad Nasir Khan. "Design, Development, and Experimental Verification of a Trajectory Algorithm of a Telepresence Robot". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 7 (3 de abril de 2023): 4537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074537.

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Background: Over the last few decades, telepresence robots (TRs) have drawn significant attention in academic and healthcare systems due to their enormous benefits, including safety improvement, remote access and economics, reduced traffic congestion, and greater mobility. COVID-19 and advancements in the military play a vital role in developing TRs. Since then, research on the advancement of robots has been attracting much attention. Methods: In critical areas, the placement and movement of humans are not safe, and researchers have started looking at the development of robots. Robot development includes many parameters to be analyzed, and trajectory planning and optimization are among them. The main objective of this study is to present a trajectory control and optimization algorithm for a cognitive architecture named auto-MERLIN. Optimization algorithms are developed for trajectory control. Results: The derived work empirically tests the solutions and provides execution details for creating the trajectory design. We develop the trajectory algorithm for the clockwise direction and another one for the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Conclusions: Experimental results are drawn to support the proposed algorithm. Self-localization, self-driving, and right and left turn trajectories are drawn. All of the experimental results show that the designed TR works properly, with better accuracy and only a slight jitter in the orientation. The jitter is found due to the environmental factor caught by the sensors, which can be filtered easily. The results show that the proposed approach is less complex and provides better trajectory planning accuracy.

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Wu, Chenyu, Shuo Shi, Shushi Gu, Lingyan Zhang y Xuemai Gu. "Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Content Placement and Trajectory Design in Urban Cache-Enabled UAV Networks". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (14 de agosto de 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8842694.

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Cache-enabled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been envisioned as a promising technology for many applications in future urban wireless communication. However, to utilize UAVs properly is challenging due to limited endurance and storage capacity as well as the continuous roam of the mobile users. To meet the diversity of urban communication services, it is essential to exploit UAVs’ potential of mobility and storage resource. Toward this end, we consider an urban cache-enabled communication network where the UAVs serve mobile users with energy and cache capacity constraints. We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the sum achievable throughput in this system. To solve this problem, we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based joint content placement and trajectory design algorithm (DRL-JCT), whose progress can be divided into two stages: offline content placement stage and online user tracking stage. First, we present a link-based scheme to maximize the cache hit rate of all users’ file requirements under cache capacity constraint. The NP-hard problem is solved by approximation and convex optimization. Then, we leverage the Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) to track mobile users online with their instantaneous two-dimensional coordinate under energy constraint. Numerical results show that our algorithm converges well after a small number of iterations. Compared with several benchmark schemes, our algorithm adapts to the dynamic conditions and provides significant performance in terms of sum achievable throughput.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Placement and trajectory design"

Esrafilian, Omid. "Learning from the sky : design of autonomous radio-enabled unmanned aerial vehicles in mobile cellular networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS307.

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L'utilisation de drones dans les réseaux sans fil a récemment suscité un vif intérêt. La première partie de cette thèse vise à étudier les travaux actuels sur les communications sans fil assistées par des drones et à développer de nouvelles méthodes pour le placement et la conception de la trajectoire d'un drone en tant que RAN volant dans les réseaux sans fil. Nous soulignons comment l'utilisation de cartes 3D des villes peut apporter des avantages substantiels pour l'autopositionnement fiable des radios volantes.Quel que soit l'emplacement ou la conception du chemin, tous les algorithmes fonctionnent sur la base d'un ensemble d'informations telles que la localisation GPS du nœud, la carte 3D de la ville, etc. permettant de prédire l'intensité des signaux radio. Si ces données peuvent être collectées par le réseau avant le vol réel du drone, une partie ou la totalité des informations peuvent également devoir être apprises par le drone. À cet égard, une partie de cette thèse est consacrée à la discussion sur la façon d'apprendre ces informations à partir des mesures prises par le drone. Dans l'hypothèse d'une connectivité cellulaire sûre, les drones deviennent prometteurs pour un large éventail d'applications telles que les transports, etc. Le principal défi dans ces domaines est la conception de trajectoires qui garantissent une connectivité cellulaire fiable tout au long du trajet tout en permettant l'accomplissement de la mission du drone. Ainsi, dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle approche pour la conception optimale de trajectoires entre un point initial et un point terminal en s'appuyant sur une carte de couverture
The use of UAVs in wireless networks has recently attracted significant attention. The first part of this thesis aims to investigate current works of UAV-aided wireless communications and develop novel methods for both the placement and path design of a UAV as a flying RAN in wireless networks. We highlight how the use of city 3D maps can bring substantial benefits for the reliable self-placement of flying radios.Regardless of the placement or path design, all algorithms operate on the basis of an array of information such as node GPS location, the city 3D map, etc. allowing the prediction of radio signal strengths. While such data may be collected via the network before the actual UAV flight, part or all of the information may also have to be learned by the UAV. In this regard, a part of this thesis is devoted to discussing how to learn such information from the UAV-borne measurements.Assuming the availability of safe cellular connectivity, UAVs are becoming promising for a wide range of applications such as transportation, etc. The main challenge in these areas is the design of trajectories that guarantee reliable cellular connectivity all along the path while allowing the completion of the UAV mission. Hence, in the second part of this thesis, we propose a novel approach for optimal path design between an initial and terminal points by leveraging on a coverage map. Lastly, we discuss the experimental verification of the placement algorithm of a UAV relay in LTE networks

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Al-Chami, Oussama. "Contribution à l'intégration Robotique/Vision en manipulation automatisée : modélisation de la tache, placement d'une caméra mobile et localisation fine d'objet". Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0118.

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Pour qu'un robot puisse manipuler un objet connu (saisir, demonter, etc) il doit connaitre sa position/orientation. Par ailleurs, pour localiser un objet par la perception visuelle, il faut plusieurs images qui doivent remplir des conditions imposees par le processus de localisation mis en jeu. La position/orientation de la camera utilisee ainsique sa mise au point, font partie de ces conditions. Cette camera est embarquee sur un robot qui assure son deplacement. Dans cette these, nous contribuons a l'integration robotique/vision en considerant les aspects suivants: 1 la modelisation des taches et des environnements partiellement connus. Pour cela, nous presentons un systeme de simulation et de modelisation mixte: cao-robotique et donnees perceptives. 2 le developpement d'une methode de positionnement automatique d'une camera mobile en fonction d'une tache perceptive (localisation, controle d'execution visuelle, etc). 3 la localisation fine d'un objet de forme quelconque a l'aide des donnees de la perception visuelle. 4 l'integration de l'ensemble des methodes developpees et les outils adoptes dans le systeme act de cao-robotique

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Moutran, Serge Riad. "Feasible Workspace for Robotic Fiber Placement". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32738.

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Online consolidation fiber placement is emerging as an automated manufacturing process for the fabrication of large composite material complex structures. While traditional composite manufacturing techniques limited the productsâ size, geometrical shapes and laminate patterns, robotic automation of the fiber placement process allows the manufacture of complex bodies with any desired surface pattern or towpregâ s direction. Therefore, a complete understanding of the robot kinematic capabilities should be made to accurately position the structureâ s substrate in the workcell and to compute the feasible product dimensions and sizes. A Matlab algorithm is developed to verify the feasibility of straight-line trajectory paths and to locate all valid towpreg segments in the workspace, with no focus on optimization. The algorithm is applied preliminary to a three-link planar arm; and a 6-dof Merlin robot is subsequently considered to verify the towpreg layouts in the three-dimensional space. The workspace is represented by the longest feasible segments and plotted on parallel two-dimensional planes. The analysis is extended to locate valid square areas with predetermined dimensions. The fabrication of isotropic circular coupons is then tested with two different compaction heads. The results allow the formulation of a geometric correlation between the end-effector dimensional measures and the orientation of the end-effector with respect to the towpreg segments.
Master of Science

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Saunders, Benjamin R. (Benjamin Robert). "Optimal trajectory design under uncertainty". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76902.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-123).
Reference trajectory design for atmospheric reentry vehicles can be accomplished through trajectory optimization using optimal control techniques. However, this method generally focuses on nominal vehicle performance and does not include robustness considerations during trajectory design. This thesis explores the use of linear covariance analysis to directly include trajectory robustness in the design process. The covariance matrix can be propagated along a trajectory to provide the expected errors about the nominal trajectory in the presence of uncertainties. During the optimization process, the covariance matrix is used as a performance metric to be minimized, directly penalizing expected errors so that the trajectory is shaped to reduce its sensitivity to uncertainties. This technique can penalize the open-loop covariance of the trajectory or the closed-loop covariance with the inclusion of a feedback guidance law. This covariance shaping technique is applied to reference trajectory design for a generic small reentry vehicle. A baseline trajectory is generated without any robustness considerations, along with an open-loop covariance shaped trajectory and a closed-loop covariance shaped trajectory, which uses a feedback guidance law based on a linear quadratic regulator scheme. Uncertainties in initial conditions, atmospheric density, aerodynamic coefficients, and unmodeled dynamics are applied to each trajectory and performance is analyzed using linear covariance analysis and Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that when the vehicle is flown closed-loop with feedback, shaping using the open-loop covariance produces a trajectory that is less robust than the baseline trajectory, while shaping using the closed-loop covariance generates a trajectory with reduced sensitivity to uncertainty for more robust performance.
by Benjamin R. Saunders.
S.M.

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Macdonald, Malcolm. "Analytical methodologies for solar trail trajectory design". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425065.

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Fisher, Callen. "Trajectory Optimisation Inspired Design for Legged Robotics". Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33715.

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Control of legged robots is a non-trivial task, especially when looking at aperiodic (non-steadystate) manoeuvres such as rapid acceleration and deceleration. Observing nature, animals are seen to effortlessly perform these rapid transient manoeuvres, however, robust walking is still considered a complex task in the robotics literature. For robots to successfully explore the unknown world outside of the laboratory environment, these transient manoeuvres need to be thoroughly understood and mastered. As controlling and designing legged robots is an extremely complex task, this thesis argues that trajectory optimisation methods can be employed to make various aspects of design more tractable. First trajectory optimisation methods were employed to determine how legged robots should accelerate. In nature animals are seen to leap straight into the desired gait, however, in the robotics literature, robots often perform multiple discrete gait transitions, or accelerate extremely slowly. The results of the study revealed that the optimal method to accelerate was to launch straight into the desired gait (for both bipeds and quadrupeds), with a sliding mass template model emerging for all results. Another discrepancy between the literature and nature is that animals have active spines which have been shown to aid in rapid locomotion tasks. In the robotics literature a number of spines exists, however, which is the optimal morphology for transient manoeuvres? Using Monte Carlobased trajectory optimisation methods, the rigid, revolute and prismatic spine morphologies were compared, with results showing the prismatic spine was the optimal configuration for long-time-horizon tasks. Due to transient locomotion requiring accurate and complex whole-body models, resulting in computationally expensive optimisation problems, an “optimisation-inspired” approach (akin to “bioinspiration”) was taken to identify heuristics and trends for a monopod robot. Initially, optimal trajectories for a two link leg monopod were analysed. Interestingly, during the stance phase, the axial force of the leg behaved in a “bang-bang” like fashion with fine hip torque control. Furthermore the aerial phase showed correspondence to the popular Raibert style controller. This resulted in the development of a hybrid pneumatic-electric monopod robot as a test-bed. Trajectories were then optimised for the robot to determine if these heuristics held. From these results, a stance phase PD controller for the hip actuator was developed and simulated under disturbances to test robustness. The resulting controller and heuristic was successfully tested on the platform, performing a long-time-horizon motion, which included transient phases of acceleration and deceleration.

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Sankaranarayanan, S. "Topology optimization with simultaneous analysis and design". Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042006-164513/.

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Curzi, Giacomo. "Trajectory design of a multiple flyby mission to asteroids". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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In designing the trajectory for a multiple flyby mission to asteroids the choice of the targets is the most challenging problem. This dissertation faces this problem in the framework of the recently issued medium-size mission call (M5) from ESA: CASTAway. Starting from the preliminary work done in [6], this thesis develops a methodology for sequencing the potential targets in a multiple flyby mission. In order to reduce the computational time, the complete database of known small bodies is firstly pruned on the base of heuristic considerations. Using the assumption of small manoeuvres, a chief orbit concept could be used. Thus, two heuristic thresholds are defined in order to exclude non-promising targets given a chief orbit. The sequencing process takes chief orbit and promising targets as inputs and gives a set of candidate sequences. The results of such a process are analysed in the CASTAway framework and the best feasible sequence studied in details.

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Piggott, Scott. "Solar sail trajectory design and control in unrestricted frames". Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p1425788.

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Petropoulakis, L. "Design of digital trajectory tracking systems for robotic manipulators". Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384976.

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Libros sobre el tema "Placement and trajectory design"

Parker, Jeffrey S. y Rodney L. Anderson. Low-Energy Lunar Trajectory Design. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118855065.

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Parker, Jeffrey S. Low-energy lunar trajectory design. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2014.

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Griffiths, Roger. Well placement fundamentals. Sugar Land, TX: Schlumberger, 2009.

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Yuan, Jianping, Yu Cheng, Jinglang Feng y Chong Sun. Low Energy Flight: Orbital Dynamics and Mission Trajectory Design. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6130-2.

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Petropoulakis, L. Design of digital trajectory tracking systems for robotic manipulators. Salford: University of Salford, 1986.

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Barns, sheds & outbuildings: Placement, design, and construction. Brattleboro, Vt: A.C. Hood, 1994.

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1934-, Zobrist George W., ed. Routing, placement, and partitioning. Norwood, N.J: Ablex, 1994.

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Khayat, Kamal Henri y Dimitri Feys, eds. Design, Production and Placement of Self-Consolidating Concrete. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9664-7.

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Sarrafzadeh, Majid. Modern placement techniques. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2003.

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Abidin, Zainal. Design of digital high-accuracy trajectory tracking systems for multivariable plants. Salford: University of Salford, 1991.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Placement and trajectory design"

Li, Mingkai, Peter Kok-Yiu Wong, Cong Huang y Jack C. P. Cheng. "Indoor Trajectory Reconstruction Using Building Information Modeling and Graph Neural Networks". En CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 895–906. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.89.

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Trajectory reconstruction of pedestrian is of paramount importance to understand crowd dynamics and human movement pattern, which will provide insights to improve building design, facility management and route planning. Camera-based tracking methods have been widely explored with the rapid development of deep learning techniques. When moving to indoor environment, many challenges occur, including occlusions, complex environments and limited camera placement and coverage. Therefore, we propose a novel indoor trajectory reconstruction method using building information modeling (BIM) and graph neural network (GNN). A spatial graph representation is proposed for indoor environment to capture the spatial relationships of indoor areas and monitoring points. Closed circuit television (CCTV) system is integrated with BIM model through camera registration. Pedestrian simulation is conducted based on the BIM model to simulate the pedestrian movement in the considered indoor environment. The simulation results are embedded into the spatial graph for training of GNN. The indoor trajectory reconstruction is implemented as GNN conducts edge classification on the spatial graph

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Bestaoui Sebbane, Yasmina. "Trajectory Design". En Lighter than Air Robots, 99–163. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2663-5_4.

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Miller, James. "Trajectory Design". En Planetary Spacecraft Navigation, 95–155. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78916-3_3.

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Spencer, David B. y Davide Conte. "Trajectory Design". En Interplanetary Astrodynamics, 205–330. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165071-5.

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D’Amario, Louis A., Larry E. Bright y Aron A. Wolf. "Galileo Trajectory Design". En The Galileo Mission, 23–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2512-3_2.

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D’Errico, Marco y Giancarmine Fasano. "Relative Trajectory Design". En Distributed Space Missions for Earth System Monitoring, 125–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4541-8_3.

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Cupkova, Dana. "Endnote - Trajectory". En Digital Fabrication in Interior Design, 229–40. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003025931-20.

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Cupkova, Dana. "Endnote - Trajectory". En Digital Fabrication in Interior Design, 229–40. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003025931-20.

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Engelstein, Geoffrey y Isaac Shalev. "Worker Placement". En Building Blocks of Tabletop Game Design, 327–47. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429430701-9.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Placement and trajectory design"

Siradjuddin, Indrazno, Yan Watequlis Syaifudin, Totok Winarno, Erfan Rohadi, Febby Ayu Salsabilla y Supriatna Adhisuwignjo. "Linear Controller Design using Pole Placement Method for Nonholonomic Mobile Robot Trajectory Tracking". En 2023 Sixth International Conference on Vocational Education and Electrical Engineering (ICVEE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvee59738.2023.10348262.

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Zhang, Wen, Wenlu Wang, Mehdi Sookhak y Chen Pan. "Joint-optimization of Node Placement and UAV’s Trajectory for Self-sustaining Air-Ground IoT system". En 2022 23rd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isqed54688.2022.9806202.

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Sidahmed, Anas, Alireza Nouri, Mohammad Kyanpour, Siavash Nejadi y Brent Fermaniuk. "Optimization of Outflow Control Devices Placement and Design in SAGD Wells with Trajectory Excursions". En SPE International Heavy Oil Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/193773-ms.

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Su, Shi, Sofiane Tahir, Kassem Ghorayeb, Samat Ramatullayev, Xavier Garcia-Teijeiro, Assef Mohamad Hussein, Chakib Kada Kloucha y Hussein Mustapha. "Multidisciplinary Data Integration for Artificial-Intelligence-Assisted Well Placement and Trajectory Design Optimization Under Uncertainty". En ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211367-ms.

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Abstract Infill well placement performed as part of field-development planning is traditionally performed by identifying areas of high remaining mobile hydrocarbons and good reservoir rock quality to be targeted. The identification of hotspots was also largely performed on single-model realizations and, therefore, not robust considering the reservoir characterization uncertainties. Increasing efforts were put into incorporating the uncertainties as a key element of the infill well placement workflow by computing probability maps to identify the hotspots with higher chances of success for infill production. The maps were still generated solely based on dynamic reservoir-simulation model results. In this paper we present an intelligent workflow that integrates the opportunity index probability maps concept derived exclusively from dynamic reservoir simulation models, with drilling risk maps derived from drilling data analysis and completions quality maps derived from geomechanical studies, and artificial-intelligence-driven reservoir target classification. The integration provides more depth in the hotspot selection by identifying the most productive and feasible locations for infill drilling. The locations are then used for well placement and trajectory design optimization. The well trajectories optimize factors in the hotspot locations, locations of existing drilling centers, surface topology for new drilling centers to be designed, numbers of available slots on each drilling center, and capital costs such as drilling economics and drilling center cost. Infill injection wells are placed in conjunction with the infill production wells either following a pattern-type of design or peripheral injection. The designed wells are evaluated via an automated pipeline using reservoir simulation where the set of wells will be tested against the ensemble of realizations under uncertainty. A probabilistic approach is taken for the infill well performance and the economics evaluation for candidate screening and selection for the field-development plan optimization. This approach provides higher confidence in the decision making through the early integration of drilling risks and geomechanics data, and provides a more robust assessment of the technical and economic performance of the proposed infill wells under uncertainty. The solution combines various concepts including opportunity index, advanced ML methods for target identification, as well as multidisciplinary integration for well target identification. Well trajectory design evaluation considering both production and injection wells and the evaluation of the performance of the proposed candidates under uncertainty in this context provides more robust results under uncertainty compared to widely used industry practices that lack integration and uncertainty considerations.

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Boualem, Bilal, Damien Chablat y Abdelhak Moussaoui. "Automatic Placement of the Human Head Thanks to Ergonomic and Visual Constraints". En ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46153.

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This article aims to create automatic placement and trajectory generation for the head and the eyes of a virtual mannequin. This feature allows the engineer using off-line programming software of mannequin to quickly verify the usability and accessibility of a visual task. An inverse kinematic model is developed taking into account the joint limits of the neck and the eyes as well as interference between the field of view and the environmental objects. This model uses the kinematic redundancy mechanism: the head and eyes. The resolution algorithm is presented in a planar case for educational reasons and in a spatial case.

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Dharmawan, Audelia Gumarus, Blake William Clark Sedore, Gim Song Soh, Shaohui Foong y Kevin Otto. "Robot Base Placement and Kinematic Evaluation of 6R Serial Manipulators to Achieve Collision-Free Welding of Large Intersecting Cylindrical Pipes". En ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47038.

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This paper presents a systematic approach for identifying feasible robot base placement regions within a workcell, and evaluating performance of industrial robots for the design of mobile industrial robotic system to perform collision-free automated welding of large intersecting cylindrical pipe structures. First, a mathematical model based on the geometry of intersecting cylindrical pipes is used to generate the welding task and torch orientation. Next, collision detection is performed using line geometry and possible robot base positions are identified and rated according to the manipulability measure. This yields a graph of feasible robot base placement regions that perform collision-free welding rated in terms of its dexterity. Finally, a task metric based on kinematic measures to evaluate the robot’s performance is proposed and discussed. An implementation of this approach for evaluating two different 6R industrial robots for welding jack-up rig structures was used as examples. This technique will also be applicable for designing mobile robotic system for tasks other than welding which may require trajectory-following end-effector motion uninterrupted by objects within the workspace such as painting, taping, blasting, cutting, etc.

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Alamdari, Aliakbar, Xiaobo Zhou y Venkat N. Krovi. "Kinematic Modeling, Analysis and Control of Highly Reconfigurable Articulated Wheeled Vehicles". En ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12401.

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The Articulated Wheeled Vehicle (AWV) paradigm examines a class of wheeled vehicles where the chassis is connected via articulated chains to a set of ground-contact wheels. Actively- or passively-controlled articulations can help alter wheel placement with respect to chassis during locomotion, endowing the vehicle with significant reconfigurability and redundancy. The ensuing ‘leg-wheeled’ systems exploit these capabilities to realize significant advantages (improved stability, obstacle surmounting capability, enhanced robustness) over both traditional wheeled- and/or legged-systems in a range of uneven-terrain locomotion applications. In our previous work, we exploited the reconfiguration capabilities of a planar AWR to achieve internal shape regulation, secondary to a trajectory-following task. In this work, we extend these capabilities to the full 3D case — in order to utilize the full potential of kinematic- and actuation-redundancy to enhance rough-terrain locomotion.

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Fimadoni, Dwiki, Vinda Berlianta Manurung, Yessica Fransisca, Akhmad Yudipriyana, _. Yoricya, Rio Irawan, Ahmad Syahputra et al. "Accurate Horizontal Well Placement in Waterflooded Field's Drilling Project: A Case Study from Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia". En SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212958-ms.

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Abstract Central Sumatra Basin is recognized as one of the most important lacustrine oil systems in Southeast Asia. Marine sandstones, are the principal reservoirs of this system, in production since 1950s using their water drive nature as the primary recovery mechanism. However, the reservoir pressure has declined over the years, reaching the limit of the aquifer expansion into the reservoir and impacting production. Series of enhancements through secondary recovery mechanisms has been applied, one of which is waterflooding project. High water content resulting from water-injection has compelled the optimization of production from selective sand intervals. Therefore, implementing geosteering services with horizontal well designs has been chosen as the most effective subsurface strategies for identifying and placing the trajectory in unswept areas. This paper analyses the planning, execution, and evaluation of horizontal well geosteered in the Central Sumatra Basin's onshore infill. Field- DI4A2F has been producing from 6 major sand bodies throughout the years. Subsurface simulation determined that specifically targeting the 2nd lobe of upper-sand should result with initial target of 14 ft net pay of clean oil. Pre-well modeling and drilling simulations play a significant role in determining the main strategy to reach the desired sand interval in this waterflooded low-resistivity-low-contrast environment. During the execution of Well-A, various geological and drilling challenges have been surpassed. As the start of the 12.25 in. landing section, the obstacle of well-pad construction had propelled a complex trajectory, turning from 200deg towards 300deg of Azimuth in the span of +/- 1600 ft MD whilst increasing inclination from 0 to 50deg., effective drilling parameters and practices allowed to achieve the planned well trajectory, and to land with 87deg Inclination at the bottom of the shale formation, immediately above the the targeted sand. Such well design minimizes the length of open hole in known unstable shale. During Drilling the lateral 8.5 in. section required multiple steering adjustments to maintain the hole within the targeted sand layer. The constant well path adjustments were due to a combination of geological changes and a natural dropping tendency of the Bottom-Hole Assembly (BHA) in such soft formation. By using geosteering technologies, the well was successfully placed, with 89deg of inclination while maintaining 600ft length of lateral inside the 8ft TVT upper-sand sweetspot zone. Smooth drilling was accomplished by optimizing the trajectory placement within 8 feet below and 1 feet left from the initial well plan. Target well was successfully placed in the thinnest reservoir layer in Field- DI4A2F, with the indication of low water cut result. The accuracy of the geosteering performance and pro-active directional drilling action has increased confidence in the growth of this basin's production. This success, in both operation and safety, has pioneered future development planning on infill wells to improve waterflooded fields drilling project.

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Anurag, Atul Kumar, Adel Alkatheeri, Alvaro Sainz, Khalid Javid, Yaxin Liu, Ahmed Al-Ali, Viraj Nitin Telang, Kshudiram Indulkar, Piyanuch Kieduppatum y Hiten Pankajkumar Thar. "A Success Story of Critical Data Gathering During the Development Phase of Extreme ERD Well Drilling". En Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208036-ms.

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Abstract This paper discusses a holistic combination of advanced formation evaluation techniques with pressure testing and reservoir navigation services to mitigate uncertainty related challenges in real time and successfully drill & place ERD laterals targeting Jurassic carbonate reservoirs. A meticulously planned approach to navigate the well trajectory by tracking the desired properties, informed decision-making while drilling and accurate data acquisition for aiding appropriate selection and placement in-flow control device (ICD) in lower completion design and future reservoir management contributed to the success of these complex wells in carbonate reservoirs. The first well in this study, involved drilling and evaluating a long lateral section as single oil producer targeting a carbonate reservoir. While no tar presence was expected, a combination of density, neutron porosity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs while drilling resulted in identifying a deficit NMR porosity when compared to density porosity. Deployment of a formation pressure testing while drilling (FPWD) tool enabled measurement of the formation mobility and validate the presence of a tar. Using the same combination of measurements in the subsequent wells for delineating the tar enabled accurate planning of injection wells on the periphery of the field. Approximately 3 days were saved compared to the first well where the drill string had to be POOH to run-in with FPWD service. Hence, having FPWD tool in the same string helped in confirming the formation mobility in real time to call for critical decision making like changing the well trajectory or calling an early TD. Across all the wells drilled in this field, the formation pressure, mobility and porosity measurements provided valuable input for optimum ICD placement and design. Successful identification of unexpected tar resulted in substantial rig time savings, accurate planning of asset utilization and added confidence in design and placement of lower completions by utilizing LWD data. Benefits of integrated data and services combination became clear for applications involving advanced reservoir characterization and enhanced well placement in complex carbonate reservoirs. From the offset wells, a tar was seen in deeper formations but the integration of LWD NMR and mobility data from this well confirmed the presence of a tar within the zone of interest. The study established a cost-effective workflow for mitigating uncertainties related to tar encountered while drilling extreme ERD laterals in an offshore environment where any lost time results in significant increase in expenditures during the development phase. A systematic approach to tackle these uncertainties along with acquisition of critical data for the design & placement of completion results in optimum production from the reserves.

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Suryadi, Hendrik, Haifeng Li, Diego Medina y Alex Celis. "New Digital Well Construction Planning Solution: Improving Efficiency & Quality of Well Design through Collaboration and Automation". En SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205701-ms.

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Abstract Drilling wells with minimum risk and optimizing well placement with the least possible cost are key goals that companies strive to achieve. The major contributor to the successful execution of the well is the quality of the drilling program. Well design is a complex process, which requires full collaboration of multiple domain roles & expertise working together to integrate various well-planning data. Many design challenges will be encountered, such as risk assessments, domain-specific workflows, geological concerns, technology selections, cost & time estimation, environmental and safety concerns. Design process efficiency depends on effective communication between parties, quickly adapting to any changes, reducing the number of changes, and reducing complicated & manual processes. Current existing workflow and tools are not promoting an excellent collaborative environment among the different roles involved. Engineers utilize multiple engineering applications, which involved many manual data transfers and inputs. The different party is still working in a silo and sharing the design via email or other manual data transfer. Any changes to the design cause manual rework, leading to inconsistency, incoherency, slow decision & optimization process, and failure to identify all potential risks, increasing the well planning time. The new digital planning solution based on cloud technology allows the design team to maximize the results by giving them access to all the data and science they need in a single, standard system. It's a radical new way of working that gives engineers quicker and better-quality drilling programs by automating repetitive tasks and validation workflows to ensure the entire plan is coherent. This new planning solution allows multiple roles & domain collaboration to break down silos, increase team productivity through tasks assignment, and share all data. An automated trajectory design changes the way engineers design trajectory from manually connecting the path from a surface location to the target reservoir location to automatically calculate & propose multiple options with various KPIs allowing the engineer to select the best trajectory option. The system reinforces drilling program quality through auto engineering analysis, which provides quick feedback for any design changes and provides an integrated workflow from the trajectory design to operational activity planning and AFE. The automation of repetitive tasks, such as multiple manual inputs, frees domain experts to have more time to focus on creating new engineering insights while still maintaining design traceability to review updates over the life of the projects and see how the design changes have optimized the drilling program. This new solution solves some of the significant challenges in the current well-planning workflow.

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Informes sobre el tema "Placement and trajectory design"

Kemmotsu, Keiichi y Takeo Kanade. Sensor Placement Design for Object Pose Determination with Three Light- Stripe Range Finders. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, mayo de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada281199.

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Ling, Hao. Application of Model-Based Signal Processing and Genetic Algorithms for Shipboard Antenna Design, Placement Optimization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399555.

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Piercy, Candice, Timothy Welp y Ram Mohan. Guidelines for how to approach thin layer placement projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), octubre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47724.

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Historically, dredged material (DM) has been placed at the nearest available placement site. There has been an increasing trend of beneficial use projects recently, often using innovative methods. Thin layer placement (TLP) involves one- to two-foot-thick DM placement, compared to traditional, thicker sediment placement applications, to restore coastal wetlands. The main idea of TLP is to promote the natural recolonization or reestablishment of habitat and benthic species. This guidance presents a roadmap of TLP’s evolution and offers easily digestible examples and considerations for TLP applications in wetlands and open-water environments. Offered as a tool to the practitioner, the eight chapters of this guidance covers the history of TLP, characterization of the project area, setting goals and objectives, project design, construction considerations, monitoring and adaptive management, knowledge gaps, and future research needs. Several case studies are presented as examples of how such applications have been implemented and highlight lessons learned, particularly best-management practices. This guidance offers consideration of TLP as a critical component in the project development phase, a tool for the sustainable management of DM, and a method that may create, maintain, enhance, or restore ecological function while supporting navigation channel infrastructure and providing flood risk management benefits.

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Kittinger, Robert y Walter Edgar Gilmore. User Requirements Specification for the Universal Real Time Controller: Ergonomic Design for Placement of Three NI 9157/9159 Chassis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mayo de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1527307.

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Chen, Chanjuan, Melanie Carrico, Krissi Riewe, Lauren Ashley Rougeaux-Burnes y Sheri Dragoo. Denim Risk: A Case Study by Five Fashion Designers with Nontraditional Seam Placement in a Creative Design Process Using Denim Fabric. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University. Library, enero de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8772.

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Littles, Chanda, David Trachtenbarg, Hans Moritz, Douglas Swanson, Ryan Woolbright, Kathryn Herzog y Amy Borde. Site selection and conceptual designs for beneficial use of dredged material sites for habitat creation in the lower Columbia River. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), mayo de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48550.

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Channel maintenance in most major rivers throughout the United States requires ongoing dredging to maintain navigability. The US Army Corps of Engineers explores several options for placement based on sediment characteristics, material quantity, cost, operational constraints, and minimization of potential adverse effects to existing resources and habitat. It is a priority to beneficially reuse dredged sediments to create habitat and retain sediments within the river system whenever possible. Nonetheless, there can be discrepancies among state and federal resource agencies, landowners, tribes, and various other stakeholders about what constitutes a benefit and how those benefits are ultimately weighed against short- and long-term tradeoffs. This work leveraged prior Regional Sediment Management efforts building consensus among stakeholders on a suite of viable strategies for in-water placement in the lower Columbia River. The goal was to identify suitable locations for applying the various strategies to maximize habitat benefits and minimize potential adverse effects. A multistep site-selection matrix was developed with criteria accounting for existing site conditions, overall placement capacity, tradeoffs, long-term maintenance, cost, stakeholder concerns, and landscape principles in the context of other habitat restoration projects implemented in the lower river. Three highly ranked sites were selected for conceptual design and exemplify results of collaborative beneficial use implementation.

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Welp, Timothy, Brian Harris, Brian McFall, Zachary Tyler, Colton Beardsley, Adrienne Eckstein, David Perkey et al. Development and testing of the Sediment Distribution Pipe (SDP) : a pragmatic tool for wetland nourishment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), abril de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48411.

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Standard dredging operations during thin layer placement (TLP) projects are labor intensive as crews are necessary to periodically move the outfall location, which can have lasting adverse effects on the marsh surface. In an effort to increase efficiency during TLP, a novel Sediment Distribution Pipe (SDP) system was investigated. This system offers multiple discharge points along the pipeline to increase the sediment distribution while reducing pipeline movements. An SDP Modeling Application (SDPMA) was developed to assist in the design of SDP field applications by quickly assessing the pressure and velocity inside the discharge pipe and approximating the slurry throw distances. An SDP field proof of concept was performed during a two-phase TLP on Sturgeon Island, New Jersey, in 2020. The SDPMA was shown to be an accurate method of predicting performance of the SDP. The SDP was successful at distributing dredge material across the placement site; however, further research is warranted to better quantify performance metrics.

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Harris, Brian, Kathleen Harris, Navid Jafari, Jasmine Bekkaye, Elizabeth Murray y Safra Altman. Selection of a time series of beneficial use wetland creation sites in the Sabine National Wildlife Refuge for use in restoration trajectory development. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septiembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47579.

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The development of regional restoration trajectories of marsh creation and nourishment projects is key to improved design, management, and implementation of adaptive management principles. Synthesizing information from multiple marsh creation projects constructed at various times but with consistent site characteristics and borrow material sources, helps elucidate restoration success in a specific region. Specifically, this technical note (TN) documents the process of determining a suitable study area, construction methods, and the current state of establishing sites in the Louisiana Gulf Coast that could be used for restoration trajectory development. This investigation compiled information from the construction phases, Landset 8 satellite imagery, and the most recent digital elevation model (DEM) to investigate elevation and vegetation establishment within these sites.

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Petrie, John, Yan Qi, Mark Cornwell, Md Al Adib Sarker, Pranesh Biswas, Sen Du y Xianming Shi. Design of Living Barriers to Reduce the Impacts of Snowdrifts on Illinois Freeways. Illinois Center for Transportation, noviembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-019.

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Blowing snow accounts for a large part of Illinois Department of Transportation’s total winter maintenance expenditures. This project aims to develop recommendations on the design and placement of living snow fences (LSFs) to minimize snowdrift on Illinois highways. The research team examined historical IDOT data for resource expenditures, conducted a literature review and survey of northern agencies, developed and validated a numerical model, field tested selected LSFs, and used a model to assist LSF design. Field testing revealed that the proper snow fence setback distance should consider the local prevailing winter weather conditions, and snow fences within the right-of-way could still be beneficial to agencies. A series of numerical simulations of flow around porous fences were performed using Flow-3D, a computational fluid dynamics software. The results of the simulations of the validated model were employed to develop design guidelines for siting LSFs on flat terrain and for those with mild slopes (< 15° from horizontal). Guidance is provided for determining fence setback, wind characteristics, fence orientation, as well as fence height and porosity. Fences comprised of multiple rows are also addressed. For sites with embankments with steeper slopes, guidelines are provided that include a fence at the base and one or more fence on the embankment. The design procedure can use the available right-of-way at a site to determine the appropriate fence characteristics (e.g., height and porosity) to prevent snow deposition on the road. The procedure developed in this work provides an alternative that uses available setback to design the fence. This approach does not consider snow transport over an entire season and may be less effective in years with several large snowfall events, very large single events, or a sequence of small events with little snowmelt in between. However, this procedure is expected to be effective for more frequent snowfall events such as those that occurred over the field-monitoring period. Recommendations were made to facilitate the implementation of research results by IDOT. The recommendations include a proposed process flow for establishing LSFs for Illinois highways, LSF siting and design guidelines (along with a list of suitable plant species for LSFs), as well as other implementation considerations and identified research needs.

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McFarlane, Aaron, Nia Hurst, Carina Jung y Charles Theiling. Evaluating soil conditions to inform Upper Mississippi River floodplain restoration projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), abril de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48451.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has designed and constructed thousands of acres of ecosystem restoration features within the Upper Mississippi River System. Many of these projects incorporate island construction to restore geomorphic diversity and habitat, including floodplain forests. Soils are the foundation of the ecological function and successful establishment of floodplain forests as they are the basis through which plants obtain water and nutrients and provide critical ecosystem services. To improve floodplain forest island restoration outcomes, three natural and four recently (<10 years) constructed restoration sites were studied to compare soil physical, chemical, microbial, and fungal characteristics. Constructed islands had lower soil organic matter and dissolved organic carbon and differed in nutrient concentrations, bacterial assemblages, and fungal communities compared to reference sites. However, soil enzyme activity and some microbial community characteristics were functionally similar between the natural and created sites. Results align with previously established restoration trajectory theories where hydrological and basic microbial ecosystem functions are restored almost immediately, but complex biologically mediated and habitat functions require more time to establish. Data from this and future studies will help increase the long-term success of USACE floodplain forest restoration, improve island design, and help develop region-specific restoration trajectory curves to better anticipate the outcomes of floodplain forest creation projects.

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