Artículos de revistas: "Pipeline out-of-order"

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Varshitsky, Victor M., Igor B. Lebedenko y Eldar N. Figarov. "Method for determining process parameters in the repairing of pipelines with out-of-spec curvature". SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 10, n.º 1 (29 de febrero de 2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-1-17-21.

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Pipe sections with curvatures exceeding the required specified values are often found during the pigging of major pipelines. Process parameters for repairs have to be defined in order to develop a maintenance project that also includes works to restore the specified status of the section found. A corresponding method is known for cases of relocation of an initially straight pipeline. The authors developed a method for determining process parameters for repairing pipelines with out-of-project axis curvature. The method is based on modeling the deformation of a pipeline with initial axis curvature; it takes into account the actual operating conditions of the pipeline and in-line inspection data. Examples of calculating process parameters for repairs and stress-deformed state of pipeline sections with out-of-specs curvature have been presented. The modeling results confirm the possibility of using the method for evaluating the repair process parameters, the length of the required trench exposure, and the magnitude and boundaries of additional digging-in or the need to lift the pipeline in order to determine the stress–strain state of the pipeline section to be repaired during execution and after the completion of repairs.

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2

Chen, Yu y Yun Bing He. "Present Situation Analysis of Cathodic Protection of Natural Gas Pipelines in East Sichuan and Countermeasure Suggestions". Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (diciembre de 2012): 2627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2627.

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There are a large number of natural gas pipelines in East Sichuan. In order to prevent these natural gas pipelines from being corroded, they all use cathodic protection, but in terms of pipeline protection potential, the effect is unsatisfactory. Based on pipeline protection potential data collection, this paper carried out field investigation on anode beds, reference electrodes and management mode, analyzed the common problems of cathodic protection systems and put forward rectification suggestions.

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3

Schipachev, Andrey, Vadim Fetisov, Ayrat Nazyrov, Lee Donghee y Abdurakhmat Khamrakulov. "Study of the Pipeline in Emergency Operation and Assessing the Magnitude of the Gas Leak". Energies 15, n.º 14 (21 de julio de 2022): 5294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145294.

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Accidents on gas pipelines cause significant damage to the national economy and the economy of the state. Thus, it is necessary to always be prepared for such situations in order to restore the normal operation of the gas pipeline as soon as possible. An important role is played by the execution time of the control actions to localize the accident, pump out the gas, and change the operating modes. It is essential that such control be undertaken, especially if such a situation occurs near a gas-measuring installation for measuring the amount of vented gas. Therefore, the control actions must be error-free in order to quickly stop the non-stationary process, which can lead to undesirable consequences. The paper presents a mathematical model of the operation of the pipeline, developed for the management of the pipeline in an emergency. The analysis of the problem of the occurrence of accidents was carried out, and the effect of liquid on its walls was modeled when the operating mode of the pipeline changed. An example is presented using a numerical model carried out in ANSYS, as well as being analyzed analytically. The results of the calculations are presented, and special attention is paid to the parameters influencing the change in the operating mode of the pipeline.

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4

Sekacheva, Antonina, Lilia Pastukhova y Alexandr Noskov. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF COMPLEX PIPELINE SYSTEM". Akustika, VOLUME 41 (2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20214165.

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The article discusses the results of studies of the dynamic parameters of a pipeline connected to a pump, carried out in order to obtain data in full-scale conditions. At this stage of the study, the stationary process of the pump operation, which forms a turbulent flow in the pipeline, was studied. A computational and experimental technique for studying natural frequencies and vibration modes of pipelines of complex spatial configuration has been developed. The adequacy of the developed methods of finite element modeling of dynamic processes in pipeline systems in the frequency range up to 400 Hz has been confirmed.

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5

Zhang, Peng, Xiangsu Chen y Chaohai Fan. "Research on a Safety Assessment Method for Leakage in a Heavy Oil Gathering Pipeline". Energies 13, n.º 6 (13 de marzo de 2020): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061340.

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At present, the number of oil and gas gathering and transportation pipelines is numerous, and leakage accidents occur frequently. Each year, due to pipeline failure, there are immeasurable consequences for people and the environment around the affected pipelines. In order to reduce the risk of leakage accidents in heavy oil gathering pipelines and prevent the occurrence of major spills, it is of great significance to carry out safety assessments of them. However, failure data of these pipelines is seriously deficient and statistical methods used to evaluate pipeline safety are incompatible. Therefore, this paper proposes a risk assessment system for heavy oil gathering pipelines in the absence of failure data. Firstly, a Bayesian network (BN) for the leak safety evaluation of heavy oil gathering pipelines is established via mapping from a bow-tie (BT) model. Then, information diffusion theory is combined with fuzzy set theory to obtain the failure probability of each factor affecting the pipeline failure, and then the failure probability of the pipeline is obtained by the full probability formula. In addition, in order to assess the extent of consequences due to accidents, variable fuzzy set theory is used to comprehensively consider the consequences of the leakage of heavy oil gathering pipelines. Finally, the above two parts are combined to form a safety assessment system to realize risk management and control for pipelines, which is necessary to ensure the safety of heavy oil gathering pipelines.

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6

Galikeev, R. M., R. R. Taychinov y S. I. Grachev. "INVESTIGATION OF PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF SLEEVES FROM INTERNAL CORROSION OF WELDING SEWINGS OF INFIELD PIPELINES". Oil and Gas Studies, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2018): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2018-1-53-56.

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The most vulnerable places of infield pipelines in operating are the welded joints of the pipeline. In order to study the protective effect authors of the article carried out tests on ability of the sleeve to protect welding sewing from corrosion of the welded joint in a corrosive medium.

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7

Ye, Ji Hua, Qi Xie y Yao Hong Xiahou. "Simulation and Implementation of HLA-Based Branch Predictor of Multi-Pipeline Processor". Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (octubre de 2012): 4952–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4952.

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Researched how the multi-pipeline processor accelerates the running of thread ,found that when the branch predictor facing the random branch instruction, the hit rate will become very low, so bring out a new method that using the free pipeline to accelerate the running of branch instruction. If the right prediction from branch predictor is less than 70% and there is a free pipeline, then using two pipelines to run the two sides of a branch instruction at the same time. In order to test the new method, the HLA (High Level architecture) architecture-based simulation system is established, the results show that the new method can really reduce the time when processing the random branch instructions.

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8

Liu, Qing. "Study on the Oil Pipeline Design of R Oil Field". Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering 3, n.º 3 (14 de diciembre de 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/frae.v3i3.2453.

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It’s a compressive article consists of three parts, an overview of pipeline development in China, oil pipeline design for R oilfield and pipeline management suggestions. First, this article introduces the current status of pipeline construction, oil pipeline technology and gas pipeline technology in China in recent years. The current status of China’s pipeline construction is divided into three stages. In terms of construction, pipeline construction is developing in the direction of intelligence and modernization. Long-distance oil pipelines require technical breakthroughs in two aspects. One is the sequential oil product delivery technology to improve the type of oil that can be delivered sequentially; the second is the viscosity reduction delivery technology for heavy oil. Gas transmission pipelines are developing in the direction of high pressure, large diameter and high steel grade. Secondly, based on all the pipeline development above, in order to meet the development of R oil field, an oil-water two-phase pipeline transportation design and a pipeline crossing river design were carried out. Under the condition of the design pressure of the pipeline of 5.5MPa, it is preferable to produce a pipeline of φ219×6.5mm, and the steel grade of the pipeline is L360. A heating station and pumping station are needed in the transportation process, and the heating station and pumping station are combined for one construction. Considering that the strata of the river crossing section are mainly gravel sand layer, clay layer and non-lithological stratum, horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is adopted for river crossing, and suggestions are made for the construction process. Finally, after the pipeline was put into production, the corresponding auxiliary production system and supporting engineering suggestions were put forward.

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9

Shammazov, I. A., D. I. Sidorkin y E. R. Dzhemilev. "Research of the Dependence of the Pipeline Ends Displacement Value When Cutting Out Its Defective Section on the Elastic Stresses in the Pipe Body". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2022): 022077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/2/022077.

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Abstract In the process of repairing main oil and gas pipelines with cutting out defective sections, due to the elastic stresses in the body of the pipeline at the end of the first cut, there is a sharp displacement of the pipeline ends on both sides of the cutting site. This sharp displacement poses a threat to the lives of workers, and also complicates the further process of welding a new section of the pipeline due to the need to center its ends relative to each other. At the same time, to reduce the displacement of the ends of the pipeline, it is often pressed down with an excavator bucket before cutting, which contradicts the safety rules for conducting repair work. This article examines the dependence of the displacement value of the ends of the pipeline on the existing elastic stresses in it in order to substantiate the need to take into account the elastic stresses in the body of the pipeline in the used repair methods, as well as the need to develop safe and technologically efficient equipment for fixing the position of the pipeline before cutting and further centering its ends relative to each other.

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10

Nwabueze, Gift, Joel Ogbonna y Chijioke Nwaozuzu. "COST – BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR NIGERIAN NATURAL GAS PIPELINE INVESTMENT". International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 7, n.º 9 (25 de septiembre de 2020): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i9.2020.780.

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This paper performs cost-benefit analysis of a pipeline infrastructure project based on a given natural gas demand in order to estimate the net present value and payback time for natural gas pipeline investment in Nigeria. The result of the cost-benefit analysis indicates a positive net revenue and net present value (NPV) at the current regulated transport cost and availability factor for gas pipelines in Nigeria. However, with a payback period of 14 years, a natural gas pipeline project in Nigeria is likely to lose-out investment capital to other competing investments within the oil and gas sector. Scenario analysis indicates that by doubling the regulated transport cost with a 50% tax reduction, the pipeline investment results in a much higher NPV and a payback of 4 years, which is more acceptable to investors.

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11

Wood, D. G. "The Effect of Inclination on Flow Regime Boundaries and Slug Flow Characteristics". Journal of Energy Resources Technology 111, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 1989): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231421.

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Multiphase schemes for oil and gas production systems are becoming more common as the development of marginal fields necessitates a reduction in capital costs. Prediction of flow regime within these pipelines and the characteristics of the flow, especially within the slugging regime, is required in order to design the pipeline and the downstream separation and processing facilities. Test rig studies have been carried out at BP’s Sunbury Research Centre on the effect of small changes in pipeline inclination on both the flow regime and the characteristics of slug flow. Results from tests on a 2-in. rig are quoted.

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12

Izgagina, T. Yu. "Some security issues in pipeline transport". Juridical Journal of Samara University 7, n.º 3 (2 de febrero de 2022): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2021-7-3-91-101.

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The article shows the role of pipeline transport in the Russian economy, analyzes the Russian legislation regulating the activities of this type of transport; analyzes typical violations detected in the operation of pipelines by control and supervisory authorities and the prosecutor's office; shows the role of Rostekhnadzor in detecting violations of high-risk objects. The article analyzes the legislation of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of legal regulation of the trunk pipeline transport and the supervision of it by the prosecutor's office; provides judicial practice on compensation for environmental damage caused by accidents on pipelines. In addition, a comparative analysis of the order of supervision in Russia and in the United States was carried out. The conclusion is made about the need to activate state supervision by Rostekhnadzor; improve regulatory regulation by adopting a specialized regulatory act.

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13

Didukh, A. G., D. B. Abdukhaly`kov, S. N. Omirbekov, B. A. Imashev y B. K. Aty`mtaeva. "CREATION OF A MODEL INSTALLATION FOR CONDUCTING STUDIES OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CORROSION OF PIPE STEEL IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS". Herald of the Kazakh-British technical university 20, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2023): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55452/1998-6688-2023-20-1-21-29.

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The article describes a model laboratory installation for conducting studies of hydrodynamic parameters, testing of gel pistons, additives and inhibitors, studies of external and internal corrosion of pipe steel, operation of the electrochemical protection (ECP) system, soil composition and properties. A feature of the installation is its multitasking with a wide range of simultaneous and separate studies, simulating the technology of pipeline transport. The degree of influence of additives on rheological parameters or corrosion inhibitors, the assessment of internal corrosion is carried out in the test medium - oil / oil mixture / water / oil-water mixture. Studies of the activity of external corrosion on the pipeline are carried out by selecting the parameters of the ECP system and the state and quality of the protective coating on the pipeline section immersed in the ground. In this case, it is possible to use soils from various sections of pipelines with different corrosive activity, as well as changes in their physical and chemical properties - humidity, salt content. Preliminary data on the influence of soil moisture on its electrical resistivity and metal corrosion rate are presented, the results of which correlate with field studies.Further research will make it possible to reproduce conditions close to real during the transportation of oil and water in order to assess and determine the optimal modes of transportation and technologies for protecting pipelines from corrosion in order to achieve optimal technical and economic indicators for production.

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14

Chen, Yanli, Xueqing Zhang, Zhiyue Sang, Yongbai Sha y Guiqiang Bai. "Dynamic Model and Characteristic Analysis of Viscosity-Ultraelasticity for Bionic Vascular Network". Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2021 (25 de enero de 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8867150.

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Due to the large volume of pipeline transportation, low cost, safety and the reliability, and automatic control, it is widely used in many fields of industrial development and human daily life. Most of the traditional hydraulic pipelines are steel pipes, and their structure is simple. High resistance and high consumption during transportation are not conducive to the sustainable development of society. However, the human vascular system is intricate and has excellent mechanical properties. Built on the review, research on the fluid-solid coupling characteristics of a single bionic pipeline and piping system was carried out. In order to simulate the mechanical characteristics of a fluid conveying pipeline, a fluid-structure coupling model of equation 14 of a single pipeline and the transfer matrix of the pipeline system were established. The mechanical characteristics of the pipeline are studied, and the formula is calculated. The simulation analysis shows that the axial force and flow resistance decrease first and then stabilize with the increase of frequency. Finally, the experimental verification and the results show that the method is both reasonable and effective, because the simulation curve and the experimental curve are consistent in trend.

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15

Herbich, John B. "Hydromechanics of submarine pipelines: design problems". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 1985): 863–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-099.

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In recent years, the size, number, and applications of offshore pipelines have been steadily increasing. The design and construction of pipelines in offshore cold regions calls for special measures (such as deep burial) because of seabed scouring caused by ice.Various societies and associations have pointed out the deficiencies in the state-of-the-art areas of environmental, design, and construction factors, particularly those dealing with structural, external pressure effects, and depth of burial. It has also been recommended that more data be obtained in order to fully evaluate pipeline–soil interaction. Also, field measurements of velocities, accelerations, and forces causing scour around pipelines would greatly enhance our understanding of offshore pipeline behavior.Offshore pipelines fail in many different ways, and each mode of failure should be examined individually. Because of the complexity of the ocean environment it is quite difficult to evaluate pipeline failures in detail.Environmental factors such as hydrodynamic wave forces and currents, buoyancy forces due to liquefaction of sediment, and scouring potential are presented. The dynamics of scour, incipient sediment motion, depth of scour, and scour patterns around pipelines are also reviewed as well as the maximum scour depths as a function of bottom current velocity.Methods for scour protection in shallow and deep water are described as well as the need for inspection and maintenance to prevent failures. Key words: pipelines, offshore, hydrodynamic forces, cover, scour.

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16

Liu, Lianguang, Zebang Yu, Zhe Jiang, Jianhong Hao y Wenlin Liu. "Observation Research on the Effect of UHVDC Grounding Current on Buried Pipelines". Energies 12, n.º 7 (3 de abril de 2019): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071279.

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In order to research the electromagnetic interference in buried oil and gas pipelines generated by the grounding current of a grounding electrode of Ultra High Voltage Direct Current (UHVDC) system, observation experiments of stray current and pipe-to-soil potential (PSP) in the pipeline were carried out. Monitoring devices were installed at two sites of the Dong-Huang oil pipeline before the commissioning of the Zalute–Qingzhou and Shanghaimiao–Shandong ±800 kV UHVDC projects. Monitoring data on the stray current and PSP of the two monitoring sites were obtained when the two UHVDC projects were operated in monopolar mode on 24 December 2017 and 2 January 2019 and the grounding current reached 6250 A. The amplitude characteristics of the stray current and PSP at different distances from the grounding electrode and the effects of the magnitude of the stray current and PSP on the cathodic protection system are analyzed herein. The results show that the effects of the grounding current on pipeline corrosion are not only closely related to the distance between the grounding electrode and the pipeline but are also related to the running state of the potentiostats of pipelines and the distance between insulation flanges. Optimizing the performance of potentiostats and the distribution of insulation flanges can reduce the effects of UHVDC grounding current on pipeline corrosion.

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17

Tarayevskiy, O. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX MINING AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON OPERATION TRANSIT PIPELINES". Municipal economy of cities 3, n.º 156 (1 de julio de 2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-3-156-105-110.

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On the basis of the system approach and analysis of the conditions of operation of transit main gas pipelines, analytical studies of the stresses occurring on the internal surface of the gas pipeline under the conditions of the obverse and reverse operation modes have been carried out. The method of determination (prognostication) of durability of long exploited pipelines, operated in complex mining and geological conditions was proposed. It was shown that during such exploitation of gas pipelines non-project modes are being found that require a detailed analysis of the use of their production capacities, and as a result it has been established that the study section in such conditions. The technique for determining the permissible level of arbitrarily oriented stresses acting on the investigated section of a gas pipeline with a complex technological structure and laid on a section with a disturbed equilibrium of the Earth is developed. It has been proved that the cyclic operation of pipelines and their structural elements in difficult geological conditions leads to an abnormally high background tension, which leads to a decrease in their predicted lifetime. It is proposed to carry out operational control of the stressed-deformed state of pipeline sections laid in complex mining and geological conditions and which have complex technological features. The principle of optimization of gas transportation by pipelines, passing in one technological corridor on the criterion of minimum negative impact on the environment was improved. The technique of determining the potential impact radius, which simultaneously takes into account the mode of operation of the gas pipeline, its actual technical condition, as well as the parameters of abnormal areas with disturbed equilibrium of the earth, was proposed. The developed method allows determining the necessary security zone on each individual site, in particular, to substantially reduce or increase it in relation to existing real conditions. In order to design new gas pipelines, there will be no pipelines in the same technological corridor, and for existing pipelines operated in the same technological corridor, it will be possible to reduce the impact of the emergency situation or even make it impossible because of optimal loading of the gas pipelines. The expediency of carrying out such experiments and the results obtained will allow to prevent accidents and failures of gas pipelines that lies in complex mining and geological conditions, to ensure their reliability during long service life as well. Keywords: gas, underemployment, stressful situation, density, mathematical model.

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18

Wen, Quan, Qiao Jin y Jing Zhou. "Finite Element Based Fatigue Life Evaluation of Anthropogenic CO₂ Pipeline Containing an Inner Defect". Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (mayo de 2012): 1207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1207.

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The great effort for reducing emissions of CO2 to atmosphere will inevitably involve the carry-out process of Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS), a novel plan which intends to capture and store anthropogenic CO2 produced at many existing industrial sources, such as power stations and petrochemical works. In particular, anthropogenic CO2 pipeline transportation from the energy plant to the remote sequestration area(both onshore and offshore) is a fundamental issue regarding the feasibility of applying the CCS technology. CO2 pipelines have been in operation in USA, Europe and North Africa for almost three decades. However, the technical challenges for pipelines transporting CO2 due to the relevant effects of different impurities coming from flue gases, are still needed to get people to take up, especially for China which is focusing on the roll-out of CCS. This paper will address a FE-based method which can assess residual life of a supercritical CO2 transmission pipeline containing an inner defect induced crack. Specifically, a portion of welded round steel pipeline is selected as the object of our analysis and an ANSYS finite element procedure is generated to simulate the stress state of an element volume along the radial direction and hence to calculate the effective stress due to the effects of crack closure. Afterwards, combining the effective stress we get in the above numeric analysis, the Paris equation is modified to build an integral analysis method for the residual life evaluation of CO2 pipeline. Lastly, in order to verify the validity of the proposed method, a pipeline example in a published paper is used as the benchmark model, the full-scale test results of which are compared with those from our method. Based on this, a section of CO2 pipeline, with an initial defect (assumed as a crack source), is analyzed and its residual life is evaluated by using the presented method. The analysis of numerical results indicates that the method presented in this paper can give us a valuable reference to life-evaluation for CO2 pipeline in CCS.

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Haniffa, Mohamad Azmi Md y Fakhruldin M. Hashim. "Recent Developments in Contra-Flow Crawler in Pipeline". Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (diciembre de 2013): 784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.784.

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Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) is a device which is inserted into a pipeline and travels throughout the entire length of pipeline and has been used since over 100 years in the petroleum industries to maintain the condition of pipelines mainly for smoothness of production and transportation of hydrocarbon products. Setbacks of conventional PIG; (1) can only move in the direction of the fluid flow, and therefore, (2) they need to be inserted at a specific point in the pipeline during application. This exercise is costly or even dangerous in some circumstances as it requires intervention of human. In order to overcome such difficulties in pigging, several development works of pipeline contra-flow crawler have been developed and aimed at solving the problem of entering and leaving the pipeline from a single exit. The essential bidirectional capability makes it very valuable to many industries, especially the petroleum industries. The objective of this paper is to review the recent developments of contra-flow crawler which has become a continual interest of PIG developers. The review carried out would serve as an industrial application in a form of a quick reference of recent developments in contra-flow crawler in pipeline, and for related industries.

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20

Tian, Yun, Qi Yao, Dong Jiang, Yanni Xiao, Licheng Liu y Chengxin Lin. "Study on the Physical Properties of Split-type Iron Base Shape Memory Alloy Pipe Joint". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 022072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022072.

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Abstract Aiming at the leakage phenomenon of pipeline system due to corrosion and other reasons, a split type iron-based shape memory alloy pipe joint based on the button bond connection was designed for repair. This split-type pipe joint can be used for quick in-situ maintenance of pipelines without cutting off pipelines or stopping transmission without pressure relief. It is especially suitable for intensive pipeline maintenance and online emergency maintenance. In order to study the connection performance of the split iron-based shape memory alloy pipe joint, this paper took the Fe17Mn4Si10Cr4Ni alloy pipe joint as the research object, and carried out pressure sealing and pull-out experiments respectively on the integral pipe joint and the split pipe joint which had not been carried out and had been subjected to one heat and mechanical training. The results showed that, compared with the integral pipe joint, the pressure seal value of the split pipe joint decreased by 40% to 20MPa and the pulling force decreased by 48.9% without heat-mechanical training. However, after 1 time of thermal-mechanical training, the pressure sealing value of the split-type pipe joint decreased by 12.5% to 32MPa and the pulling force decreased by 21.2% compared with the integral pipe joint. It can be seen that thermal-mechanical training can significantly improve the joint performance of split pipe joints, and the split pipe joint can meet the requirements of medium and low pressure pipeline connection and maintenance.

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21

Azmetov, Kh A., R. R. Khasanov y B. R. Shaibakov. "CALCULATION OF UNDERGROUND PIPELINE OVERHAUL TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS". Problems of Gathering Treatment and Transportation of Oil and Oil Products, n.º 5 (23 de noviembre de 2023): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ntj-oil-2023-5-95-105.

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Overhaul with pipeline lifting is one of the most frequently used repair methods in pipeline system technical operation in the oil and gas industry. Using this repair method, the anti-corrosion protective outer coating that has lost its protective properties is replaced. If necessary, pipe walls are repaired. Organizations operating pipelines are equipped with modern methods and means for determining the technical condition of the protective coating and the pipes themselves. The technical operation system allows timely detection of defective sections and carrying out appropriate repairs, ensuring reliable and efficient pipeline operation. At the same time, the overhaul of the pipeline, especially with its lifting, is an important and complex technological process. Pipeline lifting leads to the appearance of additional stresses in the pipe walls, which were not taken into account at the pipeline design stage. These stresses are added to the stresses from the temperature difference and pressure in the pipe cavity of the pumped product. The total stresses, taking into account the actual technical condition of the operated pipelines, can reach significant values that affect the strength of the pipelines and the safety of the overhaul. At the same time, regulatory documents for pipeline technological parameters calculating do not take into account the forces and stresses in the pipe wall from the effects of temperature differences and pressure in the pipe cavity. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the existing pipeline technological parameters of the overhaul with lifting, taking into account all loads and impacts, as well as the strength of the pipes and the safety of the overhaul. In addition, in well-known calculations, the required lifting height of the pipeline at the place of installation of cleaning and insulating machines is not the initial parameter, which complicates the provision of the specified lifting height in order to create normal operating conditions for the machines. The purpose of the work is to ensure the strength of pipes and the safety of overhaul with lifting of the existing pipelines based on the improvement of the calculation of repair technological parameters. Improving the calculation includes taking into account the longitudinal forces acting in the pipeline when it is lifted and taking the required lifting height at the places of installation of cleaning and insulating machines as an initial parameter. Research methods - analysis and theoretical studies of the stress-strain state of the existing pipeline when it is lifted by pipe-laying machines. The dependences of the technological parameters of a overhaul with pipeline lifting on the longitudinal forces acting in the pipeline in the lifting section and lifting heights at the places of installation of machines for pipeline cleaning and insulating are obtained.

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22

Shestakov, R. A., D. R. Makulov y Yu S. Matveeva. "ALGORITHM FOR DETECTING HYDROCARBON LEAKS IN PIPELINE TRANSPORT WITH INTERMEDIATE REMOVAL OF PART OF HYDROCARBON". Petroleum Engineering 22, n.º 1 (29 de febrero de 2024): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2024-1-150-159.

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Currently, the main part of hydrocarbons consumed both in the Russian Federation and in the world as a whole is transported through pipelines. This type of transport has many advantages, however, despite this, problems arise during operation related to ensuring the integrity of the pipelines themselves and providing settlements located along the linear part with fuel using intermediate branches to local oil depots. It is worth noting that in this case there is a problem of ensuring constant and highquality monitoring of the state of the oil product pipeline-branch pipeline system, for which constant monitoring methods based on mathematical modeling are often used to solve, which make it possible to investigate the integrity without changing the pumping mode. However, in order to improve the accuracy of these methods, it is necessary to constantly improve existing or develop new mathematical models of pipeline systems.The main aim of the research. Improvement of mathematical modeling methods for detecting leaks or unauthorized tie-ins during intermediate scheduled discharges of hydrocarbons on the linear part of the main pipeline.Mathematical modeling of the operating mode of the technological section of the main pipeline, taking into account the discharge on the linear part, the need to regulate the operating modes of pumping stations.An algorithm has been developed to determine the location of a leak or illegal tie-in on a trunk pipeline with an intermediate branch to a local oil depot. A graph of the hydraulic slope line is constructed in the presence of damage to the integrity of the pipeline. A preliminary economic assessment of the damage to the supplier company from the loss of the pumped product was carried out.

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23

Badin, Yu A., M. V. Budaragin y A. N. Kiselev. "CAUSES OF DAMAGE TO PROCESS PIPELINES OF DELAYED COKING UNITS AND MEASURES TO PREVENT THEM". Petroleum Engineering 21, n.º 2 (30 de mayo de 2023): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-2-159-171.

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The article provides a calculated justification for the occurrence of damage to process pipelines of delayed coking plants based on checking the strength conditions. Using the software package of finite element analysis ANSYS, based on estimates of temperature deformations of pipelines and coke drums, the calculation of the stress-strain state of pipeline elements is carried out. The results of computational studies indicate the types and locations of damage and show the possibility of preventing damage due to local strengthening of elements of pipelines with an increase in wall thickness. Based on the results obtained, reconstruction measures are proposed in order to prevent damage.

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24

Fidan Ismayilova, Fidan Ismayilova. "GRAPHO-ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF OIL SPILLS WITH GRAVITY FLOW FROM MULTIPHASE PIPELINES". PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 07, n.º 03 (25 de mayo de 2021): 04–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/0703202104.

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It is important to determine the amount of oil spilled in order to assess the losses and environmental impacts caused by accidents during the operation of oil pipelines. In the article it was proposed a grapho-analytical method based on the analysis of accidental oil spills from pipelines for the correct determination of the amount of hydrocarbons released into the environment in different modes. It has been proved that the assumption that the flow of oil into the environment due to the fact that the atmospheric pressure during the accident is not at the maximum point of the route profile, but at the accident site (hole) is not correct. At present, in normative documents and literature sources, unlike monophasic flows, there are almost no correct methods for estimating and calculating oil and gas spills for multiphase flows. Considering the importance of determining in which part of the pipeline the oil will leak in case of real accidents, the studies were carried out on the basis of the compacted profile of the pipeline. In the article, it was identified oil spills, as well as the fact that the gravity-flow regime is 3-5% of the volume of the pipeline and the conditions under which the complete unloading of the pipeline is possible. Keywords: oil spill, gravity-flow, hydrostatic pressure, vapor pressure, compacted profile, grapho-analytical method.

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25

Wang, Donghai, Wei Sun, Zhihui Gao y Hongwei Ma. "Optimization of spatial pipeline with multi-hoop supports for avoiding resonance problem based on genetic algorithm". Science Progress 105, n.º 1 (enero de 2022): 003685042110704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211070401.

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The reasonable layout of hoops can effectively avoid the excitation frequency of engine rotors and greatly reduce the vibration level of pipeline systems. In this study, a spatial pipeline supported by multi-hoops was taken as the object, the method of using genetic algorithm to efficiently obtain the optimal layout of hoops to avoid resonance was investigated. The finite element model of the pipeline system was created as the basic model of optimization, spring elements were applied to simulate the mechanical characteristics of hoop and the influence of spring element direction on the vibration characteristics of pipeline system were mainly described. In the optimization of avoiding resonance for spatial pipelines, the optimization goal was to maximize the first-order natural frequency, the positions of the hoops were converted into the node number as design variables, and the final optimization model of pipeline to avoid resonance was determined on the premise of reasonably setting of constraint conditions for design variables. The genetic algorithm was utilized to solve the optimization model, and two optimization methods were proposed, which were named as “genetic algorithm calling finite element model” and “genetic algorithm updating stiffness matrix” respectively. Finally, a case study was carried out to display the proposed methods. The maximum deviation between the calculation and the test results is less than 1.5% for the first three order natural frequencies, which proves the rationality of the created finite element model of spatial pipeline. Furthermore, the optimization practices show that the reasonable hoop layout of the pipeline system can be obtained by the two optimization methods, but the efficiency of the optimization performed by “genetic algorithm updating stiffness matrix” is much higher than that of “genetic algorithm calling finite element model”.

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26

Melet, O., D. Youssefi, C. L'Helguen, J. Michel, E. Sarrazin, F. Languille y L. Lebègue. "CO3D MISSION DIGITAL SURFACE MODEL PRODUCTION PIPELINE". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (12 de agosto de 2020): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-143-2020.

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Abstract. Earth Observation (EO) remote sensing missions are producing an increasing volume of data due to higher spatial and spectral resolutions, and higher frequency of acquisitions. Thus, in order to prepare the future of image processing pipelines, CNES has carried out Research & Development studies related to the use of Big Data and Cloud technologies for image processing chains made. Since mid-2019, CNES in partnership with Airbus Defense & Space, has started a new High Resolution Optical EO mission dedicated to very high resolution 3D observation called CO3D (“Constellation Optique 3D”). To achieve those objectives, a new image processing pipeline prototype is being developed taking in consideration the lessons learned from the previous studies. The paper will introduce this new image processing pipeline, the processing paradigms used to take advantage of big data technologies and the results of production benchmarks at a large scale. The on-going works to optimize the processing pipeline and Cloud cluster will be also discussed.

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27

Ahmad, Waqar, Osman Hasan, Sofiène Tahar y Mohamed Salah Hamdi. "Formal reliability analysis of oil and gas pipelines". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 232, n.º 3 (17 de marzo de 2017): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x17694494.

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Depending on the operational environment, installation location, and aging of oil and gas pipelines, they are subject to various degradation mechanisms, such as cracking, corrosion, leaking, and thinning of the pipeline walls. Failure of oil and gas pipelines due to these degradation mechanisms can lead to catastrophic events, which, in the worst case, may result in the loss of human lives and huge financial losses. Traditionally, paper-and-pencil proof methods and Monte Carlo based computer simulations are used in the reliability analysis of oil and gas pipelines to identify potential threats and thus avoid unwanted failures. However, paper-and-pencil proof methods are prone to human error, especially when dealing with large systems, while simulation techniques primarily involve sampling-based methods, i.e., not all possible scenarios of the given systems are tested, which compromises the accuracy of the results. As an accurate alternative, we propose to use a higher-order-logic theorem proving for the reliability analysis of oil and gas pipelines. In particular, this paper presents the higher-order-logic formalization of commonly used reliability block diagrams (RBDs), such as series, parallel, series–parallel, and k-out-of- n, and provides an approach to utilize these formalized RBDs to assess the reliability of oil and gas pipelines. For illustration, we present a formal reliability analysis of a pipeline transportation subsystem used between the oil terminals at the Port of Gdynia, Poland, and Dębogórze.

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28

Abdullina, D. A. "Research of Methods of Removal of Asphalt-Resin-Paraffin Deposit for Technological Pipelines". Oil and Gas Technologies 137, n.º 6 (2021): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/1815-2600-2021-137-6-51-53.

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The object of the study is the problem of deposition of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) on the inner walls of technological oil pipelines in the process of oil transportation. A number of problems have been identified in connection with the negative impact of ARPD on the process of oil transportation. Based on the work carried out, the main direction for continuing research was determined in order to determine an effective method for removing and preventing the deposition of ARPD on the walls of the process pipeline.

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29

Oliinyk, A. P., B. S. Nezamay y L. I. Feshanych. "PECULIARITIES OF MODELING OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF PIPELINES THROUGH WHICH GAS-LIQUID MIXTURES WITH AGGRESSIVE COMPONENTS ARE TRANSPORTED". METHODS AND DEVICES OF QUALITY CONTROL, n.º 2(43) (24 de diciembre de 2019): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9981-2(43)-128-135.

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The task of estimating the stress-strain state of pipelines through which gas-liquid mixtures with aggressive components are transported is considered, the purpose, object and object of research are established. The analysis of the current state of scientific and technical researches on the given subject is carried out, the circle of unresolved problems is revealed. The combined effect on the pipelines through which gas-liquid mixtures with aggressive components are transported stress – strained state change is estimated by two models - the model for determining the change of the stress-strain state of the pipeline by data on the surface points certain set displacement taking into account the quasi-stationarity of the process. The device uses interpolation smoothing splines and methods of differential geometry, 6 components of strain and stress tensors are determined. In order to substantiate the method of estimation of annular stresses at the wear of the pipeline walls due to the action of the aggressive components of the transported mixtures, systems of equilibrium equations for pipeline sections and for quasi-rectilinear sections with altered cross-section configuration have been derived. Boundaryt conditions for equilibrium equations are established. Calculation formulas for estimation of annular stresses arising under the action of internal pressure for sections with shape defects caused by the action of aggressive components are established. The results of calculations that allow to quantify the change of the most significant ring stresses arising in the pipeline material under the action of internal pressure in the pipeline cross sections, which were exposed to the aggressive components, are presented. It is assumed that the deformed sections are little different from the shape of the circle.

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30

Oliinyk, A. P., B. S. Nezamay y L. I. Feshanych. "PECULIARITIES OF MODELING OF STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF PIPELINES THROUGH WHICH GAS-LIQUID MIXTURES WITH AGGRESSIVE COMPONENTS ARE TRANSPORTED". METHODS AND DEVICES OF QUALITY CONTROL, n.º 2(43) (24 de diciembre de 2019): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9981-2020-2(43)-128-135.

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The task of estimating the stress-strain state of pipelines through which gas-liquid mixtures with aggressive components are transported is considered, the purpose, object and object of research are established. The analysis of the current state of scientific and technical researches on the given subject is carried out, the circle of unresolved problems is revealed. The combined effect on the pipelines through which gas-liquid mixtures with aggressive components are transported stress – strained state change is estimated by two models - the model for determining the change of the stress-strain state of the pipeline by data on the surface points certain set displacement taking into account the quasi-stationarity of the process. The device uses interpolation smoothing splines and methods of differential geometry, 6 components of strain and stress tensors are determined. In order to substantiate the method of estimation of annular stresses at the wear of the pipeline walls due to the action of the aggressive components of the transported mixtures, systems of equilibrium equations for pipeline sections and for quasi-rectilinear sections with altered cross-section configuration have been derived. Boundaryt conditions for equilibrium equations are established. Calculation formulas for estimation of annular stresses arising under the action of internal pressure for sections with shape defects caused by the action of aggressive components are established. The results of calculations that allow to quantify the change of the most significant ring stresses arising in the pipeline material under the action of internal pressure in the pipeline cross sections, which were exposed to the aggressive components, are presented. It is assumed that the deformed sections are little different from the shape of the circle.

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31

Hashigami, Shigehiro, Makoto Matsushita y Yoshihiro Kumaki. "New development of pipe-network management in Kobe City". Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 59, n.º 6-7 (1 de septiembre de 2010): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2010.009.

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Distribution pipelines now require a lot of maintenance and mass renewal. We need to determine measures to maintain water quality and to carry out reconstruction of the pipeline system. In addition, the mass retirement of engineers also provides us with a serious challenge on how to transfer their knowledge and skill. In 2008 Kobe City established Kobe Waterworks Vision 2017, in which plans have been set out to realize ‘safety’, ‘relief’, ‘sustainability’ and so on. In order to realize the vision in the field of distribution pipelines, pipe-network reconstruction and the Manual for Water Safety Control in Distribution Network are the key practices to achieve the highest level of pipe-network management. In this paper, we present the outline and application example of these practices.

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32

Wan, Yu, Shaochen Lin y Yan Gao. "Study on the priori method of vibration anomalies in the pipeline of a Synchronous condenser". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2383, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 012155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2383/1/012155.

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Abnormal vibration may occur in the pipeline of cooling and lubrication system of synchronous condenser during operation. In order to solve this problem, a priori analysis method for abnormal vibration of synchronous condenser piping system is proposed in this paper. This method mainly includes three parts :(1) the modal analysis of the whole pipeline system is carried out to find the pipeline with the most dangerous abnormal vibration; (2) Analyze the cause of abnormal vibration of the hazardous pipeline; (3) According to the analysis results of vibration causes, the field measurement is carried out, the modal analysis is verified, and then the cause and location of abnormal vibration of the whole pipeline system are determined. The results of case analysis show that this scheme can quickly and accurately find out the cause and location of abnormal vibration of the synchronous condenser pipeline system, improve detection efficiency and save cost. At the same time, the natural frequency of vibration obtained by modal analysis can provide a theoretical basis for the design and transformation of the synchronous condenser pipe system.

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33

He, Guanghui. "Safety state identification of concrete pumping pipeline based on multi-channel audio signals". E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019801001.

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Based on the principle of superposition and attenuation of sound propagation, a Multi-point Multi-channel noise Reduction Method (MMRM) for audio monitoring is proposed. With the help of the proposed noise reduction method, the sounds made by the concrete pumping-pipelines themselves on the construction site and the environmental noises are separated in real time. Then, the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) and spectral centroids of the filtered pumping-pipeline signals are extracted in real time as the features. Finally, the distance between the currently obtained feature vector of the pipeline signals and the previous accumulated MFCC clustering are determined as the parameter for safety identification. In order to verify the actual effects of the MMRM and the analysis accuracy of MFCCs in the clustering, several numerical tests and field measurements are carried out. The numerical results show that the MMRM has an excellent performance on noise reduction; the feature vectors composed of the MFCCs with length no greater than 4 are sufficient for the recognition and clustering of pumping-pipeline operation state.

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34

Sytdykov, Maxim, Andrey Balobanov y Andrey Ivanov. "ASSESSMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DAMAGE IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS OF TRUNK PIPELINES BY THE METHOD OF HIERARCHY ANALYSIS". Scientific and analytical journal «Vestnik Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia» 2023, n.º 3 (29 de septiembre de 2023): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.61260/2218-130x-2023-3-36-44.

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The increase in the number of objects of the economy of the oil and gas complex on the territory of the Russian Federation entails an increase in the number of accidents at these objects. One of the most emergency facilities of the oil and gas complex are trunk pipelines. Accidents on main pipelines lead to various types of damage, the totality of which increases the severity of the consequences of accidents. In this regard, there is a need to assess the main pipelines in order to determine their most emergency type. For this purpose, the work carried out such an assessment of trunk pipelines by the method of hierarchy analysis. This assessment made it possible to identify priority areas for strengthening safety requirements in the main pipeline transport.

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35

Zharkov, V. V., T. V. Savitskaya y A. M. Sverchkov. "Study of the Influence of Factors of the State of Oil Trunk Pipelines on the Degree of Accident Risk". Occupational Safety in Industry, n.º 10 (octubre de 2021): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-10-71-76.

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The article examines the current state of the oil industry in Russia. The main reasons for depressurization of the main oil pipelines and oil product pipelines are analyzed, domestic and foreign methods for assessing the pipeline accidents risk are considered. Review of domestic and foreign software products is carried out allowing to assess the accidents risk. The software application was developed for solving the problems of scoring the factors of influence of the state of the main oil pipelines and main oil product pipelines on the degree of accidents risk. The software application is based on the methodology of the same name. Five groups of factors are considered: external anthropogenic impacts, corrosion, natural influences, structural and technological factors, defects of the pipe body and welds. In order to test the software application, the article presents a calculation for three different sections of the main oil pipeline, one of which passes through the river. The influence of various factors on the final value of the score was investigated. The largest number of options was studied in the group of constructive and technological factors. For clarity, the calculation results are presented in the form of graphs. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the underwater area is the safest. The analysis of the dependence of the load amplitude on the number of cycles is carried out. Repetitive scores were identified for different loads and number of cycles. It is established that the operation of a pipeline with a multiple small excess of the load poses the same risk of accident as the operation with a high amplitude of the load with a small number of cycles. The developed software application is an efficient software product, the main purpose of which is not only to obtain the final result, but, also, to study the influence of various factors on the degree of accidents risk for operating and projected pipelines.

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36

Lee, Ouk Sub y Dong Hyeok Kim. "Reliability of Buried Pipeline Using FORM and Monte Carlo Simulation". Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (octubre de 2006): 1543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1543.

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The reliability estimation of pipelines is performed with help of the probabilistic method which considers the uncertainties included in the load and resistance parameters. The FORM (first order reliability method) is carried out to calculate the failure probability of corroded pipeline for the classified six distribution types of random variables. And the reliability of pipelines is assessed by using the failure probability. Furthermore, the MCS (Monte Carlo Simulation) is used to verify the results of the FORM. It is noted that the failure probabilities of the linear and the power models for surface corrosion are similar and those of the two-phase model for surface corrosion are somewhat different for six cases of two failure pressure models such as ASME B31G and MB31G models. And it is also found that the FORM and the MCS give similar results for varying exposure time.

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37

Yao, Bin, Deyin Zhao, Zhi Zhang y Cheng Huang. "Safety Study on Wax Deposition in Crude Oil Pipeline". Processes 9, n.º 9 (2 de septiembre de 2021): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091572.

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The Shunbei crude oil pipeline is prepared to use the unheated transportation process to transport waxy crudes. However, the wax formation in the pipeline is unknown. In order to predict the wax deposition of the pipeline, the physical property experiment of Shunbei crude oil was carried out through field sampling. The density, freezing point, hydrocarbon composition, and viscosity–temperature characteristics of crude oil are obtained. The cloud point and wax precipitation characteristics of the crude oil were obtained using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis method. Then, the wax deposition rate of the pipeline was predicted by two methods: OLGA software and wax deposition kinetic model. Finally, the optimal pigging cycle of the pipeline was calculated on this basis. The results show that: Shunbei crude oil is a light crude oil with low wax content, a low freezing point, and a high cloud point. Comparing the OLGA simulation results with the calculation results of the Huang Qiyu model, the development trend of wax deposition along the pipeline was the same under different working conditions. The relative error of the maximum wax layer thickness was 6%, proving that it is feasible for OLGA to simulate wax deposition in long-distance crude oil pipelines. Affected by the wax precipitation characteristics of Shunbei crude oil, there was a peak of wax precipitation between the pipeline section where crude oil temperature was 9.31–13.31 °C and the recommended pigging cycle at the lowest throughput was 34 days in winter and 51 days in spring and autumn.

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38

Alharbi, Emad, Paul Bond, Radu Calinescu y Kevin Cowtan. "Predicting the performance of automated crystallographic model-building pipelines". Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 77, n.º 12 (29 de noviembre de 2021): 1591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798321010500.

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Proteins are macromolecules that perform essential biological functions which depend on their three-dimensional structure. Determining this structure involves complex laboratory and computational work. For the computational work, multiple software pipelines have been developed to build models of the protein structure from crystallographic data. Each of these pipelines performs differently depending on the characteristics of the electron-density map received as input. Identifying the best pipeline to use for a protein structure is difficult, as the pipeline performance differs significantly from one protein structure to another. As such, researchers often select pipelines that do not produce the best possible protein models from the available data. Here, a software tool is introduced which predicts key quality measures of the protein structures that a range of pipelines would generate if supplied with a given crystallographic data set. These measures are crystallographic quality-of-fit indicators based on included and withheld observations, and structure completeness. Extensive experiments carried out using over 2500 data sets show that the tool yields accurate predictions for both experimental phasing data sets (at resolutions between 1.2 and 4.0 Å) and molecular-replacement data sets (at resolutions between 1.0 and 3.5 Å). The tool can therefore provide a recommendation to the user concerning the pipelines that should be run in order to proceed most efficiently to a depositable model.

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39

Makarenko, Valery, Volodymyr Gots, Yulia Makarenko, Tetiana Arhatenko y Viktor Polishchuk. "Research of accidents pipelines". Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, n.º 40 (26 de septiembre de 2022): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2022.40.31-43.

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The durability and reliability of operation of steel pipelines of water supply and sewage systems is determined in particular by the quality of their welded joints, which in turn depends both on the composition of the materials used in their manufacture and on the observance of welding technology. The composition of impurities of transported liquids, which can cause corrosive destruction of materials, also has a significant impact on the reliability of pipeline systems. These phenomena are especially important in hot water supply and industrial drainage systems, where the destructive influence of physical factors and the chemical composition of the environment can be decisive. It was found that the loss of strength of the pipeline is caused in particular by improper operation, under the conditions of which micro-flaws of welded joints of pipelines appear, which leads to their destruction. The results of examinations and experimental studies of the strength of welds of steel process pipelines are presented. An external inspection was carried out, determination of the structure and strength parameters of pipeline welds, layer-by-layer analysis of corrosion damage on their inner surface. It was found that premature destruction of welded joints of hot water supply pipelines and industrial sewage is caused by long-term operation in a stressed state. Under such circumstances, the uneven coarse-grained structure of the seam, the presence of non-metallic inclusions in the metal structure, and violations of the welding technology had a critical impact on the loss of strength. In order to increase the corrosion-mechanical resistance of welded joints of industrial pipelines, it is necessary to modify the surfacing metal of the weld to break down the structure and significantly reduce non-metallic inclusions, as well as to improve the technology of manual arc welding with coated electrodes, in particular, the root layers of welding seams.

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40

Wu, Xiao Nan, Hong Yan Ma, Ying Zhou, Mei Lin Hu y Yan Xian. "Stress Influence Factor Analysis of Gas Pipeline in the Tunnel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (octubre de 2012): 4264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4264.

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The laying of gas pipeline with tunnel crossing method, except under the influence of pressure, temperature, and out of gas direction, it also subjected to constraints of soil, soil temperature, terrain conditions and the impact of earthquakes. Also crossing pipes are in the constraints of fixed pier, anchorage pier and pier pipeline deformation, which makes the stress analysis of boundary is difficult to determine. In order to compare the effect of different constraints and out of gas direction on the entire tunnel crossing pipeline under operating conditions, this paper has established three pipe models: the symmetrical form of the direction of access to gas, completely without supporting (do not canceled the fixed pier at both ends)and with supporting form, then the primary stress, secondary stress and compound stress are checked in turn. By comparing their impact on the stress of the whole pipeline, we get the importance and extent of the main constrains on the pipeline stress.

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41

Kuptsova, Olesya V., Vyacheslav A. Melkiy, Alexey A. Verkhoturov y Daniil V. Dolgopolov. "FAULT MAPPING BY DATA OF AEROSPACE SURVEYS TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF MAIN PIPELINES (FOR EXAMPLE OF THE SECTION CHAYVO-DE-KASTRI PIPELINE)". Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 334, n.º 6 (30 de junio de 2023): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2023/6/3826.

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Link for citation: Kuptsova O.V., Melkiy V.A., Verkhoturov A.A., Dolgopolov D.V. Fault mapping by data of aerospace surveys to ensure the safety of main pipelines (by the example of the section Chayvo–De-Kastri oil pipeline). Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 6, рр.92-102.In Rus. The relevance of the research is caused by the need to identify the hazardous geological processes during the construction and operation of pipelines. The Russian Federation ranks second in the world in terms of the total length of main pipelines, where accidents sometimes occur as result of the negative impact of natural and man-made factors. The main hazardous geological processes affecting pipelines are displacements in zones of active faults in the earth's crust. Diagnostics of the presence of fault zones in the territory planned for the construction of linear structures makes it possible to identify potentially dangerous areas that should be paid close attention, and to organize constant monitoring in places of possible movements of soil masses. Based on economic considerations, it is advisable to conduct research using Earth remote sensing data, and use modern geoinformation products for data processing. Monitoring using remote sensing allows you to quickly assess the changing engineering and geological conditions in the areas where the pipeline is laid, as well as detect signs of the occurrence of natural processes that pose danger to infrastructure facilities. Monitoring of corridors of main pipeline routes must be carried out by all available means during construction and operation. The use of ArcGIS, QGIS and LEFA software in combination with geophysical data provided by the Unified Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences makes it possible to assess seismic activity, its intensity and the nature of the relationship with faults. The main aim of the research is to identify and show on the map the most dangerous areas with active fault zones, that pose a potential threat of negative impact on the pipeline during operation. Objects: space images of the corridor of the main pipeline route to identify ruptures of a seismogenic nature, maps of earthquake epicenters previously identified near the pipeline route. Methods: interpretation of satellite images, methods of geoinformation modeling, mapping, statistical methods, methods of automated lineament analysis, methods for changing the resolution, size and visibility of images without loss of information quality, such as interpolation and aggregation methods, spatial analysis of the interdependence of fault zones and earthquakes, compilation of geoinformation. Results. The analysis of geological, geophysical and satellite information about the territory where the pipeline was laid was carried out in order to identify fault zones. Automated lineament analysis of images in different spectral ranges and with different spatial resolution made it possible to identify the most probable fault zones. The seismic activity of the study area was estimated on the basis of geophysical data. Potentially dangerous sections of the study area, along which the main pipeline is laid, are identified and presented on the map, characterized by the presence of fault zones and increased seismic activity.

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42

Chen, Yanjun, Li Tang y Qiliang Wang. "Failure analysis of the sewage pipeline on a shale gas platform". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2499, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2499/1/012015.

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Abstract The wall thickness of the sewage pipeline on a shale gas platform is seriously reduced. In order to explore the specific reasons for the pipeline failure, this paper carried out analysis by means of macroscopic inspection, mechanical property test, chemical composition analysis of base metal and corrosion product analysis. The analysis results show that the site of this pipeline corroded most seriously is at 5 o ′clock and 12 o ′clock near the outlet, and the corrosion of liquid accumulation containing CO2 is the main reason for the serious failure of the inner wall of this pipeline. This paper explores the specific reasons for the failure of the sewage pipeline on a shale gas platform, and provides a reference for the corrosion prevention of the sewage pipeline.

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43

Hoover, Elizabeth. "“Fires were lit inside them”". Review of International American Studies 12, n.º 1 (8 de septiembre de 2019): 11–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rias.7391.

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The language of fire has sometimes been used in illustrative ways to describe how social movements spark, flare, and sometimes sputter out. Building on recent scholarship about protest camps, as well as borrowing language from environmental historians about fire behavior, this article draws from ethnographic research to describe the pyropolitics of the Indigenous-led anti-pipeline movement at Standing Rock—examining how fire was used as analogy and in material ways to support and drive the movement to protect water from industrial capitalism. Describing ceremonial fires, social fires, home fires, cooking fires, and fires lit in protest on the front line, this article details how fire was put to work in myriad ways in order to support the movement against the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL), and ensure social order and physical survival at the camps built to house supporters of the movement. This article concludes with descriptions of how these sparks ignited at Standing Rock followed activists home to their own communities, to other struggles that have been taken up to resist pipelines, the contamination of water, and the appropriation of Indigenous land.

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44

Osincev, K. y N. Kuznecov. "A Hydraulic Testing Procedure for Polypropylene Pipes Wall Rupture". Safety in Technosphere 9, n.º 1 (13 de octubre de 2020): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-071x-2020-60-63.

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Polypropylene pipes have a significant drawback – high values of the heat-stretch factor. Material properties are changing as the temperature rises, and material is exposed to increased pressure in the pipeline. In such a case, operation of polypropylene pipes is becoming unsafe. One of the known methods for heat-stretch reducing is reinforcement. Reinforcement is performed with aluminum foil or fiberglass. The properties of reinforced polypropylene pipes have not been fully investigating. Such pipes must go through a long operation cycle in order to enterprises could evaluate their properties, primarily such reliability characteristics as infallibility, maintainability, lifetime, and storability. There are no separate Russian National Standards for the properties and characteristics of polypropylene pipes, and for their types in Russia, as well as standard methods for hydraulic tests on destructive inspection at manufacturers. In industry, as well as in housing and utilities sector, are used pipeline valves of different purpose. Reliable and safe enterprise operation depends on the smooth running of equipment, pipelines and valves. In this regard, authors propose to consider valves and pipeline together at determining of reliability indicators. A method of destructive inspection is proposed, whereby the valves and the pipeline are tested together, that are corresponding to the most probable scenarios for the emergency development. The concept basic part includes the definition of a mandatory algorithm for destructive inspection actions during hydraulic testing of polypropylene pipes on a test load. Strength test methods for ball valves, pipelines and their joints have been described in the relevant Interstate, Federal or Industry Standards and Regulations. However, it is advisable to introduce additional standards for static strength testing of polypropylene pipes. The new standard will allow single out reinforced polypropylene pipes in a separate category, provide a definition for such pipes, and also take into account the influence of external factors on the condition of pipelines, their connections and valves.

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Zhang, Zheng, Changcong Zhou, Wenxuan Wang y Zhufeng Yue. "Optimization design of aeronautical hydraulic pipeline system based on non-probabilistic sensitivity analysis". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 233, n.º 5 (18 de febrero de 2019): 815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x19828949.

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This article investigates the design of constraint hoops in the aeronautical hydraulic pipeline system. Non-probabilistic sensitivity analysis is used to screen out the hoops which are insensitive to the maximum stress response, the maximum displacement response as well as the first-order natural frequency. The analysis result can give guidance to reduce the size and weight of the pipeline system. Based on the pretreatment analysis, the position coordinates of the remaining constraint hoops are further optimized. Comparison before and after optimization reveals that the dynamic performances of the pipeline system are significantly improved. This study indicates that the proposed method can provide an effective solution for the design of aeronautical hydraulic pipeline systems.

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46

Ma, Huayuan, Yuan Long, Xinghua Li, Mingshou Zhong, Jianyuan Wu y You Zhou. "Study on Vibration Characteristics of Natural Gas Pipeline Explosion Based on Improved MP-WVD Algorithm". Shock and Vibration 2018 (1 de agosto de 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8969675.

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In order to meet the requirement of precise analysis of nature gas pipeline explosion, authors combined MP algorithm and WVD distribution to improve the time-frequency resolution and to solve the problem of cross-terms interference. The HHT algorithm was applied to the data preprocessing of MP algorithm to reduce the computational complexity of the MP algorithm. It improved the computing efficiency and laid the foundation for big data analysis. In this paper, authors carried out a full-size pipeline explosion experiment at the CNPC pipeline fracture control State Key Laboratory. Advantages of the improved MP-WVD algorithm were taken to obtain the time-frequency distribution characteristics of the pipeline explosion vibration. The research provided a new algorithm for the time-frequency distribution of nonstationary random vibration, and the result provided a reference for the safe operation and construction of natural gas pipeline.

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47

Liao, Kexi, Lijia Long y Huaixin Zhang. "Early Inspection of Weld Seams on Gas Pipelines Based on Metal Magnetic Memory Method". Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 9, n.º 1 (9 de febrero de 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101609010001.

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In order to investigate the magnetic abnormality influenced by stress in weld seams, experiments on three types of weld seams were carried out and a stress concentration detection instrument - metal magnetic memory (MMM) tester was used. MMM tests on gas pipelines in Puguang initial station in China were conducted and compared MMM wave diagram and mathematical analysis of MMM data and the quantitative MMM characteristics of T weld, straight weld and girth weld. The experiment results showed that different weld seams have different MMM characteristics, types of defects can be identified based on magnetic anomaly signal waveform characteristics and quantitative MMM features which evaluate the pipeline defects quantitatively.

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48

Huang, Min, Yu Wang y Xiang Hong Lv. "Aluminizing Mechanism and Corrosion Resistance of Pipeline Steel X80 by Combined Pack Cementation Process under Low Temperature". Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (febrero de 2011): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.232.

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In order to improve the corrosion resistance of pipeline steel X80 and maintain its good mechanical properties simultaneously, a low-temperature pack aluminizing process was carried out at 723 K on pipeline steel X80 after a surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). The phase composition, microstructure and element distribution of the as-aluminized pipeline steel X80 were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS, respectively.The results show that the as-received aluminide layer consists of Fe2Al5, which exhibits a good cohesion with SMATed pipeline steel X80 substrate with the thickness of around 90 μm. The element concentrations of Al and Fe atoms show a gradual change in the range of aluminide layer. After corrosion test processed in 3.5% NaCl solution, there is no obvious corrosion crack or uphills piled up by corrosion products on the surface of as-aluminized SMATed pipeline steel, which can conclude that pack aluminizing assisting by SMAT at low-temperature is an effective way for protecting pipeline steel X80 against corrosion.

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49

Sergeev, S. M., E. N. Provotorova, Y. O. Lebedeva, L. N. Borisoglebskaya y Ja Kravets. "Optimal control of fluctuations of the “liquid substance - pipeline” system in terms of speed during transportation of a liquid substance". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2094, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 052020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2094/5/052020.

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Abstract The process of transporting a liquid substance (oil, petroleum products, gas mixtures) the pipeline network and related engineering facilities, being a dynamically non-equilibrium physical system, are often carried out in extreme modes, which can form dangerous wave phenomena accompanied by various instabilities, generating undesirable consequences and even catastrophes. Similar phenomena can occur in technical devices and apparatuses containing in their design hydraulic networks for the transfer of continuous media (aircraft, energy objects). Eliminate (extinguish or reduce the intensity) such phenomena are possible in the shortest possible time by making additional structural changes to the pipeline network, which make it possible to use external devices for dynamic influence on the “liquid substance – pipeline” system and eliminate (or minimize) the possibility of negative wave effects. The paper is devoted to the problem of eliminating dangerous vibrations initiated by a liquid substance transported through a pipeline network, provided that time resources are spent minimally. A mathematical model of the wave process and the problem of optimal control over the speed of such a model are considered. The control effect on the “liquid substance-pipeline” system is carried out at the initial and final points of the pipeline network, while the necessary information about the state of the system is used in a finite number of points distributed along the entire length of the pipeline, which makes it possible to calculate external influences on the system. In order to simplify the presentation of the results, a linear carrier of a liquid substance is used (in applications, a pipeline without branches) and a one-dimensional wave equation – the length of the pipeline is much larger than its diameter.

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50

Yakymiv, Y. V. y O. M. Bortniak. "FLOW CAPACITY OF MAIN OIL PIPELINES WITH PREDEFINED OIL PUMPING STATIONS LOCATION WITH PERIODICAL PARTIAL OIL DUMPING". Oil and Gas Power Engineering, n.º 1(31) (26 de junio de 2019): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2019-1(31)-65-71.

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Transportation of oil via main pipelines often requires the need for a permanent or periodic dumping of some part of the flow for further shipment of crude oil to oil refineries or filling stations. The application of such technology leads to a change in the operating mode of oil pumping stations and the oil transportation system in general. In case of emergency, an analogue of dumping is an oil leak from the pipeline in a case of violation of its integrity. Resetting a part of the flow is accompanied by a change in a liquid flow ahead of and behind the discharge point, which inevitably leads to a redistribution of pressures at the inlet and outlet of transitional petroleum pumping stations. Increasing of pressure at the output of the stations may lead to the violation of the pipeline strength; reducing of input shoring may cause cavitation operating modes of the equipment. Therefore, the study of the impact of discharges on the parameters of the operation of oil transportation systems in order to ensure their reliable, safe and economically efficient functioning is a relevant point of this area. For this purpose, based on the proposed calculated algorithms implemented in the software, the authors conducted the research on the impact of periodic oil discharges on the redistribution of hydraulic flows, energy losses at the bends, pressure at the inlet and outlet of oil pumping stations, as well as the volume of trunk oil pipelines capacity. The approbation of the proposed elaboration is carried out by defining the operational parameters of processing in functioning of oil and transport system «Druzhba» at the Mozyr-Tukholsky pass, which runs throughout the territory of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the obtained results it was established that, depending on the volume of a discharge, the location of the limiting area, which limits the entry capacity of the trunk pipeline in general, might be changed. At the same time, the bend, ahead of which the part of oil is discharged, is not always limiting. Increasing the volume of a discharge leads to growing capacity of the pipeline at the area ahead of the point of discharge in the case when the limiting pipeline bend is behind the discharge point. If such a bend is located on the pipeline ahead of the discharge point, the increasing discharge does not affect the capacity of the initial area of the pipeline.

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