Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Piezoelectric sensor"
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1
Wang, Hui, Xiaolin Wang, Matthew Wadsworth, Mohammad Faisal Ahmed, Zhe Liu y Changchun Zeng. "Design, Fabrication, Structure Optimization and Pressure Sensing Demonstration of COC Piezoelectret Sensor and Sensor Array". Micromachines 13, n.º 8 (26 de julio de 2022): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081177.
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This study reported on the design and fabrication of a pseudo-piezoelectric material (piezoelectret) from cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) based on a micropillar structure. The fabrication feasibility of such structure was explored and piezoelectret with the good piezoelectric activity (characterized by quasi-static piezoelectric coefficient d33) was demonstrated. Response surface method with a central composite design was employed to investigate the effects of the structure parameter on the piezoelectric coefficient d33. An optimal structure design was obtained and was validated by experiments. With the optimal design, d33 can reach an exceptional high value of ~9000 pC/N under low pressure. The charging process and the electrical and electromechanical characteristics were further investigated by experimentation and modeling. We further demonstrated the scalability of the fabrication process and demonstrated the application of these sensors in position specific pressure sensing (pressure mapping).
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Wang, Aochen, Ming Hu, Liwei Zhou y Xiaoyong Qiang. "Self-Powered Wearable Pressure Sensors with Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties of Aligned P(VDF-TrFE)/MWCNT Composites for Monitoring Human Physiological and Muscle Motion Signs". Nanomaterials 8, n.º 12 (7 de diciembre de 2018): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8121021.
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Self-powered operation, flexibility, excellent mechanical properties, and ultra-high sensitivity are highly desired properties for pressure sensors in human health monitoring and anthropomorphic robotic systems. Piezoelectric pressure sensors, with enhanced electromechanical performance to effectively distinguish multiple mechanical stimuli (including pressing, stretching, bending, and twisting), have attracted interest to precisely acquire the weak signals of the human body. In this work, we prepared a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/ multi-walled carbon nanotube (P(VDF-TrFE)/MWCNT) composite by an electrospinning process and stretched it to achieve alignment of the polymer chains. The composite membrane demonstrated excellent piezoelectricy, favorable mechanical strength, and high sensitivity. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 value was approximately 50 pm/V, the Young’s modulus was ~0.986 GPa, and the sensitivity was ~540 mV/N. The resulting composite membrane was employed as a piezoelectric pressure sensor to monitor small physiological signals including pulse, breath, and small motions of muscle and joints such as swallowing, chewing, and finger and wrist movements. Moderate doping with carbon nanotubes had a positive impact on the formation of the β phase of the piezoelectric device, and the piezoelectric pressure sensor has the potential for application in health care systems and smart wearable devices.
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Chen, Jianguo, Jingen Wu, Yun Lu, Yan Wang y Jinrong Cheng. "High temperature piezoelectric accelerometer fabricated by 0.75BiFeO3–0.25BaTiO3 ceramics with operating temperature over 450 °C". Applied Physics Letters 121, n.º 23 (5 de diciembre de 2022): 232902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0131097.
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Owing to the high Curie temperature and good piezoelectric thermal stability, BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics show great potentials for high-temperature piezoelectric sensor applications. In this paper, a compression-mode piezoelectric sensor was fabricated by the lead-free and high-temperature 0.75BiFeO3–0.25BaTiO3–MnO2 (BFBT25–Mn) ceramic and its sensitivity was characterized from room temperature to 550 °C over a frequency range of 200–1000 Hz. The output charge of the BFBT25–Mn piezoelectric sensor is independent of the measuring frequency at different temperatures. The maximum working temperature of the BFBT25–Mn piezoelectric sensor is 450 °C, about 250, 150, and 100 °C higher than those of these piezoelectric sensors fabricated by PZT-5A, BSPT64–Mn, and BSPT66–Mn ceramics, respectively. The temperature sensitivity coefficient from room temperature to 350 °C of the BFBT25–Mn piezoelectric sensor is 30% of that for the BSPT66–Mn sensor. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the BFBT25–Mn piezoelectric sensor is stable with the dwelling time at 400 °C. These results indicate that the BFBT25–Mn ceramic is a strong competitor for high temperature sensing applications.
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Nakayama, Shiro. "Piezoelectric acceleration sensor and piezoelectric acceleration sensor device". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93, n.º 6 (junio de 1993): 3536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.405368.
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Soedarto, Totok y Taufiq Arif Setyanto. "Perancangan Signal Conditioning Untuk Sensor Piezoelectric". Wave: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Maritim 6, n.º 1 (24 de enero de 2019): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jurnalwave.v6i1.3320.
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Perancangan rangkaian interface atau signal conditioning untuk optimasi penggunaan sensor berbasis material piezoelectric mempunyai peranan sangat penting. Karena aplikasi-aplikasi dari material piezoelectrik sangatlah luas, mulai dari hal-hal yang menyangkut mainan anak-anak sampai dengan keperluan uji laboratorium bahkan sensor-sensor militer dan interfacing terhadap rangkaian elektronik sangatlah bergantung pada aplikasinya. Dalam banyak hal, material piezoelectric dapat secara langsung dihubungkan pada rangkaian elektronik tanpa pertimbangan memerlukan interface khusus. Namun demikian, untuk hal-hal tertentu masih dibutuhkan sebuah rangkaian interface, ada beberapa langkah yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam perancangan interface yang menyangkut topologi yang paling sesuai untuk aplikasi yang dibutuhkan. Pada makalah ini hanya dibahas tentang perancangan dan pembuatan signal conditioning untuk keperluan pengujian di lab Hidrodinamika.
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Sanati, Mehdi, Allen Sandwell, Hamid Mostaghimi y Simon Park. "Development of Nanocomposite-Based Strain Sensor with Piezoelectric and Piezoresistive Properties". Sensors 18, n.º 11 (6 de noviembre de 2018): 3789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113789.
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Sensors provide aninterface between mechanical systems and the physical world. With the move towardsIndustry 4.0 and cyber-physical systems, demands for cost-effective sensors are rapidly increasing. Conventional sensors used for monitoring manufacturing processes are often bulky and need complex processes. In this study, a novel high-sensitive nanocomposite-based sensor is developed for measuring strain. The developed sensor is comprised of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a piezoelectric polymer matrix, and embedded carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoparticles creating a conductive network. Exhibiting both piezoelectric and piezoresistive properties, the developed sensors are capable of strain measurement over a wide frequency band, including static and dynamic measurements. The piezoresistive and piezoelectric properties are fused to improve the overall sensitivity and frequency bandwidth of the sensor. To simulate the sensor, a 3D random walk model and a 2D finite element (FE) model are used to predict the electrical resistivity and the piezoelectric characteristics of the sensor, respectively. The developed models are verified with the experimental results. The developed nanocomposite sensors were employed for strain measurement of a cantilever beam under static load, impulse excitation, free and forced vibrations, collecting both piezoelectric and piezoresistive properties measurements. The obtained signals were fused and compared with those of a reference sensor. The results show that the sensor is capable of strain measurement in the range of 0–10 kHz, indicating its effectiveness at measuring both static and high frequency signals which is an important feature of the sensor.
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Shijer, Sameera Sadey. "Simulation of Piezoelectric in Engine Knock Sensor with Different Frequency Modes". ECS Transactions 107, n.º 1 (24 de abril de 2022): 17271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.17271ecst.
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A numerical study on deformation piezoelectric sensors is described in this study. Major objectives of this research are to compare the impacts of direct current voltage on piezoelectric structure, the effects of direct current voltage on the resonance frequency of piezoelectric knock sensors, and the effects of these parameters on the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensors. The impedance properties of the transient structure are studied under different engine operating conditions and in relation to various forms of sensor damage. Determining the degree of damage sensors and the prediction quality of the piezoelement within the sensor may be accomplished by measuring material flaws and fluctuations in material coefficients that are connected to the frequency characteristic of the sensor. To some extent, the preceding can be used in the calculations of several structural parts of knock sensors. On a prototype knock sensor, ranges of modes were tested using piezoelectric elements with varying numbers of cracks. In this work, it has discussed seven scenarios of frequency analysis to examine the piezoelectric in engine knock sensor with different electricity modes of operation. These scenarios include the engine normal operation mode, start engine operation mode, and different frequency of operation mode (2Hz, 200Hz, 2KHz, 20KHz, 200KHz).
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Lee, Ye Rim, Justin Neubauer, Kwang Jin Kim y Youngsu Cha. "Multidirectional Cylindrical Piezoelectric Force Sensor: Design and Experimental Validation". Sensors 20, n.º 17 (27 de agosto de 2020): 4840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174840.
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A common design concept of the piezoelectric force sensor, which is to assemble a bump structure from a flat or fine columnar piezoelectric structure or to use a specific type of electrode, is quite limited. In this paper, we propose a new design of cylindrical piezoelectric sensors that can detect multidirectional forces. The proposed sensor consists of four row and four column sensors. The design of the sensor was investigated by the finite element method. The response of the sensor to various force directions was observed, and it was demonstrated that the direction of the force applied to the sensor could be derived from the signals of one row sensor and three column sensors. As a result, this sensor proved to be able to detect forces in the area of 225° about the central axis of the sensor. In addition, a cylindrical sensor was fabricated to verify the proposed sensor and a series of experiments were performed. The simulation and experimental results were compared, and the actual sensor response tended to be similar to the simulation.
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Košir, Tilen y Janko Slavič. "Modeling of Single-Process 3D-Printed Piezoelectric Sensors with Resistive Electrodes: The Low-Pass Filtering Effect". Polymers 15, n.º 1 (29 de diciembre de 2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010158.
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Three-dimensional printing by material extrusion enables the production of fully functional dynamic piezoelectric sensors in a single process. Because the complete product is finished without additional processes or assembly steps, single-process manufacturing opens up new possibilities in the field of smart dynamic structures. However, due to material limitations, the 3D-printed piezoelectric sensors contain electrodes with significantly higher electrical resistance than classical piezoelectric sensors. The continuous distribution of the capacitance of the piezoelectric layer and the resistance of the electrodes results in low-pass filtering of the collected charge. Consequently, the usable frequency range of 3D-printed piezoelectric sensors is limited not only by the structural properties but also by the electrical properties. This research introduces an analytical model for determining the usable frequency range of a 3D-printed piezoelectric sensor with resistive electrodes. The model was used to determine the low-pass cutoff frequency and thus the usable frequency range of the 3D-printed piezoelectric sensor. The low-pass electrical cutoff frequency of the 3D-printed piezoelectric sensor was also experimentally investigated and good agreement was found with the analytical model. Based on this research, it is possible to design the electrical and dynamic characteristics of 3D-printed piezoelectric sensors. This research opens new possibilities for the design of future intelligent dynamic systems 3D printed in a single process.
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Cai, Sikang, Guicong Wang, Yingjun Li y Xiaoqi Yang. "Research on material selection of force-sensitive element for high-frequency dynamic piezoelectric pressure sensor". MATEC Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235501026.
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The high-frequency dynamic piezoelectric pressure sensor has the advantages of simple structure, long service life, high natural frequency, excellent signal-to-noise ratio and great sensitivity. It is appropriate for measuring high dynamic, dynamic or quasi-static pressure changes and pressure fluctuations. And this kind of sensor is widely utilized in the shock wave testing. The force-sensitive element is one of the main factors affecting the static and dynamic performance of piezoelectric pressure sensors. Basing on the piezoelectric equation and coupling effect between mechanics and electricity, in this paper, the finite element model of the high-frequency dynamic piezoelectric pressure sensor is established. The influences of the force-sensing element on the sensitivity of the sensor are analysed. Referential suggestions for choosing force-sensitive element of high-frequency dynamic piezoelectric pressure sensor are provided.
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Kang, Sang-Hyeon, Dae-Hyun Han y Lae-Hyong Kang. "Defect Visualization of a Steel Structure Using a Piezoelectric Line Sensor Based on Laser Ultrasonic Guided Wave". Materials 12, n.º 23 (2 de diciembre de 2019): 3992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233992.
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We studied the detection and visualization of defects in a test object using a laser ultrasonic guided wave. The scan area is irradiated by a laser generated from a Nd:YAG 532 nm Q-switched laser generator through a galvanometer scanner. The laser irradiation causes the surface temperature to suddenly rise and then become temporarily adiabatic. The locally heated region reaches thermal equilibrium with the surroundings. In other words, heat energy propagates inside the object in the form of elastic energy through adiabatic expansion. This thermoelastic wave is typically acquired by a piezoelectric sensor, which is sensitive in the ultrasonic domain. A single piezoelectric sensor has limited coverage in the scan area, while multi-channel piezoelectric sensors require many sensors, large-scale wiring, and many channeling devices for use and installation. In addition, the sensors may not acquire signals due to their installed locations, and the efficiency may be reduced because of the overlap between the sensing areas of multiple sensors. For these reasons, the concept of a piezoelectric line sensor is adopted in this study for the first time. To verify the feasibility of the line sensor, I- and L-shaped sensors were attached to a steel structure, and the ultrasound signal from laser excitation was obtained. If the steel structure has defects on the back, the ultrasonic propagation image will be distorted in the defect area. Thus, we can detect the defects easily from the visualization image. Three defects were simulated for the test. The results show that the piezoelectric line sensor can detect defects more precisely and accurately compared to a single piezoelectric sensor.
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Qin, Lei, En Rong Wang, Kai Ge Tian, Xiao Dong Wang, Yue Hua Shi, Qi Qin y Zheng Xiao Hua. "Dynamic Monitoring of Concrete Structure Using Piezoelectric Sensor". Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (diciembre de 2014): 1160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1160.
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Dynamic response of civil engineering structures was monitored in the paper, on basis of the excellent properties of piezoelectric smart sensor. There were two experiments: One was to study the relationship between the loading frequency and the piezoelectric sensor output by concrete block cyclic loading test; the other was to study the relationship between the sensor output and the stress amplitude by steel cantilever beam dynamic test. The results show that piezoelectric sensors have a good linear output performance.
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Li, Xiang, Keyi Wang, Yan Lin Wang y Kui Cheng Wang. "Plantar pressure measurement system based on piezoelectric sensor: a review". Sensor Review 42, n.º 2 (14 de enero de 2022): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-09-2021-0333.
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Purpose Plantar force is the interface pressure existing between the foot plantar surface and the shoe sole during static or dynamic gait. Plantar force derived from gait and posture plays a critical role for rehabilitation, footwear design, clinical diagnostics and sports activities, and so on. This paper aims to review plantar force measurement technologies based on piezoelectric materials, which can make the reader understand preliminary works systematically and provide convenience for researchers to further study. Design/methodology/approach The review introduces working principle of piezoelectric sensor, structures and hardware design of plantar force measurement systems based on piezoelectric materials. The structures of sensors in plantar force measurement systems can be divided into four kinds, including monolayered sensor, multilayered sensor, tri-axial sensor and other sensor. The previous studies about plantar force measurement system based on piezoelectric technology are reviewed in detail, and their characteristics and performances are compared. Findings A good deal of measurement technologies have been studied by researchers to detect and analyze the plantar force. Among these measurement technologies, taking advantage of easy fabrication and high sensitivity, piezoelectric sensor is an ideal candidate sensing element. However, the number and arrangement of the sensors will influence the characteristics and performances of plantar force measurement systems. Therefore, it is necessary to further study plantar force measurement system for better performances. Originality/value So far, many plantar force measurement systems have been proposed, and several reviews already introduced plantar force measurement systems in the aspect of types of pressure sensors, experimental setups for foot pressure measurement analysis and the technologies used in plantar shear stress measurements. However, this paper reviews plantar force measurement systems based on piezoelectric materials. The structures of piezoelectric sensors in the measurement systems are discussed. Hardware design applied to measurement system is summarized. Moreover, the main point of further study is presented in this paper.
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Zhang, Qi, Ying Jun Li, Ru Jian Ma y Xiu Hua Men. "Design and Analysis of Force Sensor for Condition Monitoring System of Ball Cold Heading Forming". Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (agosto de 2013): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.253.
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In order to solve the forming defects in the steel ball cold heading process, a novel force sensor which chooses the PVDF piezoelectric films as force-sensing elements is designed. The advantages and disadvantages of piezoelectric force sensor on measurement of the cold heading force are compared with existing force sensors. By using FEM, sensor’s linearity and the structure size are analyzed. Compared with the traditional sensor, this structure is more reasonable. The presented PVDF piezoelectric force sensor has wide frequency range, good dynamic performance, and can realize dynamic measurement.
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Curry, Eli J., Kai Ke, Meysam T. Chorsi, Kinga S. Wrobel, Albert N. Miller, Avi Patel, Insoo Kim et al. "Biodegradable Piezoelectric Force Sensor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n.º 5 (16 de enero de 2018): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710874115.
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Measuring vital physiological pressures is important for monitoring health status, preventing the buildup of dangerous internal forces in impaired organs, and enabling novel approaches of using mechanical stimulation for tissue regeneration. Pressure sensors are often required to be implanted and directly integrated with native soft biological systems. Therefore, the devices should be flexible and at the same time biodegradable to avoid invasive removal surgery that can damage directly interfaced tissues. Despite recent achievements in degradable electronic devices, there is still a tremendous need to develop a force sensor which only relies on safe medical materials and requires no complex fabrication process to provide accurate information on important biophysiological forces. Here, we present a strategy for material processing, electromechanical analysis, device fabrication, and assessment of a piezoelectric Poly-l-lactide (PLLA) polymer to create a biodegradable, biocompatible piezoelectric force sensor, which only employs medical materials used commonly in Food and Drug Administration-approved implants, for the monitoring of biological forces. We show the sensor can precisely measure pressures in a wide range of 0–18 kPa and sustain a reliable performance for a period of 4 d in an aqueous environment. We also demonstrate this PLLA piezoelectric sensor can be implanted inside the abdominal cavity of a mouse to monitor the pressure of diaphragmatic contraction. This piezoelectric sensor offers an appealing alternative to present biodegradable electronic devices for the monitoring of intraorgan pressures. The sensor can be integrated with tissues and organs, forming self-sensing bionic systems to enable many exciting applications in regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and medical devices.
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Roloff, Thomas, Rytis Mitkus, Jann Niklas Lion y Michael Sinapius. "3D-Printable Piezoelectric Composite Sensors for Acoustically Adapted Guided Ultrasonic Wave Detection". Sensors 22, n.º 18 (14 de septiembre de 2022): 6964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186964.
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Commercially available photopolymer resins can be combined with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) micrometer size piezoelectric particles to form 3D-printable suspensions that solidify under UV light. This in turn makes it possible to realize various non-standard sensor geometries which might bring benefits, such as increased piezoelectric output in specific conditions and less interference with incoming waves due to better acoustical adaptation compared to solid PZT ceramics. However, it is unclear whether piezoelectric composite materials are suitable for guided ultrasonic wave (GUW) detection, which is crucial for structural health monitoring (SHM) in different applications. In this study, thin piezoelectric composite sensors are tape casted, solidified under UV light, covered with electrodes, polarized in a high electric field and adhesively bonded onto an isotropic aluminum waveguide. This approach helps to demonstrate the capabilities of tape casting’s freedom to manufacture geometrically differently shaped, thin piezoelectric composite sensors for GUW detection. In an experimental study, thin two-dimensional piezoelectric composite sensors demonstrate successful detection of GUW for frequency-thickness products of up to 0,5MHzmm. An analytical calculation of the maximum and minimum amplitudes for the ratio of the wavelength and the sensor length in wave propagation direction shows good agreement with the sensor-recorded signals. The output of the piezoelectric composite sensors and occurring reflections as measure for wave interactions are compared to commercial piezoelectric discs to evaluate their performance.
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Guan, Xin Chun, Hui Li, Hui Gang Xiao, Guo Fu Qiao y Jin Ping Ou. "Development of some Smart Sensors for Monitoring Civil Infrastructures". Advances in Science and Technology 83 (septiembre de 2012): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.83.9.
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In this paper, some smart sensors or material used to make the smart sensors, such as piezoresistance composite, piezoelectric polymer, piezoelectric cement and corrosion monitoring sensor, developed by Harbin Institute of Technology were introduced. Piezoresistance composite is made with carbon nanotube and resin, one character of the work is the carbon nanotube is orientation arranged by magnetic field. Piezoelectric polymer is made with PZT particles and PVDF, in order to improve its performance a few carbon nanotube are also mixed in the composite. Piezoelectric cement is one kind of sensing material whose primary raw materials are cement and piezoelectric ceramic particles (or fiber). The sensing performance of piezoelectric cement is coming from its functional phase, the piezoelectric ceramic. The corrosion monitoring sensor is made with solid-state reference electrode, whose surface is one kind of binary alloy membrane produced with physical vapor deposition technology. The main producing technology, performance and applications of above sensors were introduced in this paper.
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Yao, Jun, Zhen Yu Zhu y Huan Wang. "Piezoelectric Equation and Two Types of Piezoelectric Sensors Model". Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (julio de 2011): 2021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2021.
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This paper discusses four types of piezoelectric basic equations, and there are two piezoelectric sensors which are composed of piezoelectric ceramics tightly pasting in the thin-walled structure. They can respectively measure structure of strain and strain rate changes. Based on the description of two kinds of piezoelectric sensors formation, The output display solution and their frequency domain forms are furtherly presented, and the advantages of the sensor are discussed. This conclusion can provide theoretical guidance for structural vibration active control.
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Xie, Xin Chun, Jin Sen Zhang, Dong Yu Xu, Xiao Jing Guo, Fei Sha y Shi Feng Huang. "Fabrication of 1-3 Cement-Based Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Sensors for NDE Applications". Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (junio de 2014): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.580.
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This paper described fabrication and comparison of embedded ultrasonic sensors for NDE applications. A 1-3 cement-based piezoelectric composite was used as the sensing element of the ultrasonic sensor. As a front matching layer between test material and piezoelectric materials, cement/epoxy resin was selected. In order to make the backing materials for sensors had enough acoustic attenuation performance, the backing material of sensors doped with tungsten powder. When the mass ratio of tungsten/cement backing was two and the thickness of cement/epoxy resin front-face matching was 3mm, the 1-3 cement-based piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor showed a significant enhancement in both relative pulse-echo sensitivity and-6dB bandwidth. These promising results suggested the great potential for developing high-performance ultrasonic sensors using the 1-3 cement-based piezoelectric composite.
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Ai, Chunpeng, Xiaofeng Zhao y Dianzhong Wen. "Characteristics Research of a High Sensitivity Piezoelectric MOSFET Acceleration Sensor". Sensors 20, n.º 17 (3 de septiembre de 2020): 4988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174988.
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In order to improve the output sensitivity of the piezoelectric acceleration sensor, this paper proposed a high sensitivity acceleration sensor based on a piezoelectric metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). It is constituted by a piezoelectric beam and an N-channel depletion MOSFET. A silicon cantilever beam with Pt/ZnO/Pt/Ti multilayer structure is used as a piezoelectric beam. Based on the piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric beam generates charges when it is subjected to acceleration. Due to the large input impedance of the MOSFET, the charge generated by the piezoelectric beam can be used as a gate control signal to achieve the purpose of converting the output charge of the piezoelectric beam into current. The test results show that when the external excitation acceleration increases from 0.2 g to 1.5 g with an increment of 0.1 g, the peak-to-peak value of the output voltage of the proposed sensors increases from 0.327 V to 2.774 V at a frequency of 1075 Hz. The voltage sensitivity of the piezoelectric beam is 0.85 V/g and that of the proposed acceleration sensor was 2.05 V/g, which is 2.41 times higher than the piezoelectric beam. The proposed sensor can effectively improve the voltage output sensitivity and can be used in the field of structural health monitoring.
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Kim, Byung Soo y Yong Rae Roh. "Piezoelectric Sensor System for Structural Health Monitoring". Advances in Science and Technology 56 (septiembre de 2008): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.194.
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This paper presents the feasibility of a sensor system consisting of piezoelectric oscillator sensors to detect local damages and ultrasonic sensors to detect global damages in a structure. The oscillator sensor is composed of a feedback oscillator circuit and a piezoceramic lateral mode vibrator to be attached to a structure. Damage to the structure causes a change in the resonant frequency of the vibrator, which is detected by the oscillator circuit. However, the response of the oscillator sensor is limited to the area around the sensor, thus local measurement. The ultrasonic sensor generates Lamb waves and the waves traveled over a long distance are received by another piezoceramic patch on the structure. The received wave form reflects all the defects encountered during the propagation, thus global measurement is possible. The two sensor types are combined as a sensor network, and its operation system is developed as a portable unit for practical applicability.
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Martinez, M. y A. Artemev. "A Novel Approach to a Piezoelectric Sensing Element". Journal of Sensors 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/816068.
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Piezoelectric materials have commonly been used in pressure and stress sensors; however, many designs consist of thin plate structures that produce small voltage signals when they are compressed or extended under a pressure field. This study used finite element methods to design a novel piezoelectric pressure sensor with a C-shaped piezoelectric element and determine if the voltage signal obtained during hydrostatic pressure application was enhanced compared to a standard thin plate piezoelectric element. The results of this study demonstrated how small deformations of this C-shaped sensor produced a large electrical signal output. It was also shown that the location of the electrodes for this sensor needs to be carefully chosen and that the electric potential distribution varies depending on the poling of the piezoelectric element. This study indicated that the utilization of piezoelectric materials of different shapes and geometries embedded in a polymer matrix for sensing applications has several advantages over thin plate solid piezoelectric structures.
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Ai, Demi, Hui Luo y Hongping Zhu. "Diagnosis and validation of damaged piezoelectric sensor in electromechanical impedance technique". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, n.º 7 (28 de julio de 2016): 837–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16657427.
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Piezoelectric sensor diagnosis and validity assessment as a prior component of structural health monitoring system are necessary in the practical application of electromechanical impedance technique. This article proposed an innovative sensor self-diagnosis process based on extracting the characterization of the real admittance (inverse of impedance) signature within a high-frequency range, which covered both diagnosis on damaged sensor after its installation and discrimination of sensor and structural damages during structural health monitoring process. Theoretical analysis was derived from the impedance model of piezoelectric-bonding layer-structure dynamic interaction system. Experimental investigations on piezoelectric sensor-bonded steel beam involved with structural damages of mass addition and notch damage were conducted to verify the process. It was found that the real admittance was reliable and critical in sensor diagnosis, and sensor faults of debonding, scratch, and breakage can be identified and differentiated from structural damage. Validity assessment of the diagnosed damaged sensor was addressed through resonant frequency shift method. The results showed that the validity of damaged sensor for structural health monitoring was inordinately depreciated by sensor damage. This article is expected to be useful for structural health monitoring application especially when damaged piezoelectric sensors existed.
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Yang, Hailu, Yue Yang, Guanyi Zhao, Yang Guo y Linbing Wang. "Development and Temperature Correction of Piezoelectric Ceramic Sensor for Traffic Weighing-In-Motion". Sensors 23, n.º 9 (27 de abril de 2023): 4312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094312.
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Weighing-In-Motion (WIM) technology is one of the main tools for pavement management. It can accurately describe the traffic situation on the road and minimize overload problems. WIM sensors are the core elements of the WIM system. The excellent basic performance of WIMs sensor and its ability to maintain a stable output under different temperature environments are critical to the entire process of WIM. In this study, a WIM sensor was developed, which adopted a PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramic and integrated a temperature probe into the sensor. The designed WIM sensor has the advantages of having a small size, simple structure, high sensitivity, and low cost. A sine loading test was designed to test the basic performance of the piezoelectric sensor by using amplitude scanning and frequency scanning. The test results indicated that the piezoelectric sensor exhibits a clear linear relationship between input load and output voltage under constant environmental temperature. The linear correlation coefficient R2 of the fitting line is up to 0.999, and the sensitivity is 4.04858 mV/N at a loading frequency of 2 Hz at room temperature. The sensor has good frequency-independent characteristics. However, the temperature has a significant impact on it. Therefore, the output performance of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is stabilized under different temperature conditions by using a multivariate nonlinear fitting algorithm for temperature compensation. The fitting result R2 is 0.9686, the root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.2497, and temperature correction was achieved. This study has significant implications for the application of piezoelectric ceramic sensors in road WIM systems.
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Yeo, Hong Goo, Junhee Choi, Changzhu Jin, Seonghun Pyo, Yongrae Roh y Hongsoo Choi. "The Design and Optimization of a Compressive-Type Vector Sensor Utilizing a PMN-28PT Piezoelectric Single-Crystal". Sensors 19, n.º 23 (25 de noviembre de 2019): 5155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235155.
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Underwater sensors that detect the distance and direction of acoustic sources are critical for surveillance monitoring and target detection in the water. Here, we propose an axial vector sensor that utilizes a small (~1 cm3) compressive-type piezoelectric accelerometer using piezoelectric single crystals. Initially, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to optimize the structure that comprised piezoelectric Pb(Mb1/3Nb2/3)O3-28%PbTiO3 single crystals on a tungsten seismic mass. The receiving voltage sensitivity (RVS) was enhanced through geometric optimization of the thickness and sensing area of the piezoelectric material and the seismic mass. The estimated maximum RVS of the optimized vector sensor was −212 dB. FEA simulations and practical measurements were used to verify the directivity of the vector sensor design, which exhibited a dipole pattern. The dipole beam pattern was used to obtain cardioid patterns using the simulated and measured results for comparison. The results clearly showed the feasibility of using the proposed piezoelectric single-crystal accelerometer for a compressive-type vector sensor.
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Li, H. y Z. B. Chen. "Torsional Sensors for Conical Shell in Torsional Vibrations". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, n.º 11 (19 de marzo de 2010): 2382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1940.
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This paper presents shear piezoelectric sensors for conical shell sensing. The piezoelectric patch is polarized in the longitudinal direction of conical shell structure. The electrodes are fixed at the sides parallel to the directions of polarization. Sensors in this arrangement are only sensitive to the in-plane shear strains. Both sensing equations and modal signals are derived based on the thin-shell assumption and piezoelectric effect. Numerical results are presented for free torsional vibrations of frustum shell of revolution with clamped-free boundary, and the effects of sensor length on the output are evaluated. The amplitudes of the output signal of the sensors are lower than that of modal ones, but they are all share the same trends. The amplitudes depend on the deformation of the shell and the length of the sensor. The results indicate the optimal locations of the piezoelectric sensor for sensing the torsional vibration of clamped-free shell. The output signals of the sensor can be used as the control input for later active vibration control. The sensing equations are applicable to sense shear strains and torsion of other type shells by replacing the strain equation.
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Giurgiutiu, Victor y Andrei N. Zagrai. "Characterization of Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 11, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2000): 959–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/a1hu-23jd-m5au-engw.
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In the beginning, the classical one-dimensional analysis of piezoelectric active sensors is reviewed. The complete derivation for a free-free sensor is then extended to cover the cases of clamped and elastically constrained sensors. An analytical model based on structural vibration theory and theory of piezoelectricity was developed and used to predict the electromechanical (E/M) impedance response, as it would be measured at the piezoelectric active sensor’s terminals. The model considers one-dimensional structures and accounts for both axial and flexural vibrations. The numerical analysis was performed and supported by experimental results. Experiments were conducted on simple beam specimens to support the theoretical investigation, and on thin gauge aluminum plates to illustrate the method’s potential. It was shown that E/M impedance spectrum recorded by the piezoelectric active sensor accurately represents the mechanical response of a structure. It was further proved that the response of the structure is not modified by the presence of the sensor, thus validating the sensor’s non-invasive characteristics. The sensor calibration procedure is outlined and statistical analysis was presented. It was found that PZT active sensors have stable and repeatable characteristics not only in as-received condition, but also while mounted on 1-D or 2-D host structure. It is shown that such sensors, of negligible mass, can be permanently applied to the structure creating a non-intrusive sensor array adequate for on-line automatic structural identification and health monitoring.
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Yu, Pei Jun. "Study on Artificial Polycrystalline Piezoelectric Material with the Calibration Mechanism of the Micro-Displacement Sensor Based on Piezoelectric Ceramic". Advanced Materials Research 703 (junio de 2013): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.703.312.
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In this paper, a calibration mechanism of sensor based on artificial polycrystalline piezoelectric material and a kind of micro-voltage output system have been designed through understanding the characteristics and the parameters of the capacitive displacement sensor, so as to achieve the sensor calibration interval reaches the piezoelectric ceramic resolution of 5 nm. Through the measured values in the condition that 10mV/100mV is input to piezoelectric ceramic, it can be seen that the design meets the initial requirements. Such mechanism can be used for the calibration of a variety of high-precision sensors; however, it must be used in a stable environment.
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Kulskyi, Oleksander L., S. V. Lysochenko, Volodymyr Vasylovych Ilchenko, Vasyl S. Mostovyi, Mykola M. Nikiforov, Anatolii Tymofiiovych Orlov y Volodymyr A. Zelinskyi. "Piezoelectric Sensor of Mechanical Vibrations". Microsystems, Electronics and Acoustics 27, n.º 2 (29 de agosto de 2022): 265031–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2523-4455.mea.265031.
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Creation of high-sensitive sensor of mechanical vibrations, capable of non-distorted transformation of the vibrations source energy into electric signal within a wide dynamic range, is necessary for determination of characteristics of the source as well as for obtaining the information on parameters of medium in which the vibrations propagate. Fast and successful usage of obtained data can be achieved with employment of programming algorithms of identification of type of a source of vibrations and finding their fundamental Eigen frequencies and quality factors of the structures at these frequencies. Calculations of the schematic-and-technical decisions, selection of elements, making of mock-ups, and working-out of variants of the sensor. Mathematical modeling, analysis and identification of dynamical parameters of the structures in which there are used the fundamental eigenfrequencies and the structures’ quality factors at these frequencies. The Fourier and wavelet analyses of the spectra. Algorythms of digital filtering (moving average of measured data). Sensors of mechanical vibrations and a system for collection, analysis, and digital processing of the output data arrays are created. New effective method for analysis of conditions of natural and artificial objects is suggested. Algorythm for identification of type of mechanical vibrations source is developed. Transducers of mechanical vibrations are developed using film-based piezoelectric sensors of new generation. System for storing and processing of the sensors’ output data arrays is developed and a technique for transferring and saving the information is formulated. Structural parameters such as fundamental eigenfrequencies and the structures’ quality factors at corresponding frequencies are applied for identification of conditions of natural and engineering objects. Methodology for expertise of both the natural-based (wind) and the test-pulses-assisted dynamical loading is developed. Sets of single-type sub-models suitable for modeling, by their superposition, of the whole process are considered, and optimal sets of the model’s free parameters are determined. Degree of the model’s closeness to data obtained within a selected metrics serves as a criterion of optimality. Algorithm for identification of type of a mechanical vibrations’ source is developed basing on the signals representation as wavelets. The sensor-measured total signal includes wavelets from multiple sources and, because of this, the task of separation of the aggregated signal into constituents is accomplished. To achieve this, regularities within the signal should be found which might be interpreted as wavelet. Enumeration of the wavelets is determined with excess; the algorithm employs rules in accordance with which the enumeration and wavelets parameters are selected with more accuracy, and connection of wavelets with certain vibration sources is specified. Performance of the proposed sensor is fully confirmed by experimental data. Successful tests targeted at determination of technical characteristics of the sensor of mechanical vibrations are conducted within a passive survey system of stationary security installation. Seismograms of an approaching pedestrian are obtained for the distance of 30 m. Characteristics of the piezoelectric sensor of mechanical vibrations make it possible a plenty of applications of technical decisions, laid into its basis, in various spheres of science and technology.
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Mo, Guowei, Yunxian Cui, Junwei Yin y Pengfei Gao. "Development and Characterization of ZnO Piezoelectric Thin Film Sensors on GH4169 Superalloy Steel Substrate by Magnetron Sputtering". Micromachines 13, n.º 3 (28 de febrero de 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13030390.
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At present, piezoelectric sensors are primarily applied in health monitoring areas. They may fall off owing to the adhesive’s durability, and even damage the monitored equipment. In this paper, a piezoelectric film sensor (PFS) based on a positive piezoelectric effect (PPE) is presented and a ZnO film is deposited on a GH4169 superalloy steel (GSS) substrate using magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and micrograph of ZnO piezoelectric thin films were analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results showed that the surface morphology was dense and uniform and had a good c-axis-preferred orientation. According to the test results of five piezoelectric sensors, the average value of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient was 1.36 pC/N, and the average value of the static calibration sensitivity was 19.77 mV/N. We selected the sensor whose parameters are closest to the average value for the dynamic test experiment and we drew the output voltage response curve of the piezoelectric film sensor under different loads. The measurement error was 4.03% when repeating the experiment six times. The research achievements reveal the excellent performance of the piezoelectric film sensor directly deposited on a GH4169 superalloy steel substrate. This method can reduce measurement error caused by the adhesive and reduce the risk of falling off caused by the aging of the adhesive, which provides a basis for the research of smart bolts and guarantees a better application in structural health monitoring (SHM).
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Liu, Yurong, Lin Zhu, Yinxue Xiang y Ming Li. "Sensitivity enhancement of the tactile sensor based on hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods modified by catalytic Au nanoparticles". Materials Research Express 9, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2022): 045004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac62b5.
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Abstract Flexible piezoelectric tactile sensor with transverse planar electrodes based on hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) was presented by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as flexible substrate and packaging material. The effects of the content of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) added into the precursor solution on the structural morphology of ZnO NRs and on the piezoelectric properties of the ZnO NRs tactile sensor were investigated. Tactile sensors show a linear piezoelectric response in the pressure range of 0–1 N, and the sensor for the precursor solution with AuNPs of 100 μl shows a high sensitivity of 1.42 V N−1 due to the large aspect ratio of the ZnO NRs, indicating that a small amount of AuNPs addition can optimize the structural morphology of ZnO NRs and thus improve the piezoelectric response of the sensor. Meanwhile, the sensor is employed to monitor human information in real-time such as bending/stretching motion of finger and distinguish various objects.
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Mei, Hanfei y Victor Giurgiutiu. "Effect of structural damping on the tuning between piezoelectric wafer active sensors and Lamb waves". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, n.º 10 (23 de febrero de 2018): 2177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18758188.
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Piezoelectric wafer active sensors have been widely used for Lamb-wave generation and acquisition. For selective preferential excitation of a certain Lamb-wave mode and rejection of other modes, the piezoelectric wafer active sensor size and the excitation frequency should be tuned. However, structural damping depends on the structure material and the excitation frequency and it will affect the amplitude response of piezoelectric wafer active sensor–excited Lamb waves in the structure, that is, tuning curves. Its influence on the piezoelectric wafer active sensor tuning reflects the effect of structural health monitoring configuration considered in the excitation. Therefore, it is important to have knowledge about the effect of structural damping on the tuning between piezoelectric wafer active sensor and Lamb waves. In this article, the analytical tuning solution of undamped media is extended to damped materials using the Kelvin–Voigt damping model, in which a complex Young’s modulus is utilized to include the effect of structural damping as an improvement over existing models. This extension is particularly relevant for the structural health monitoring applications on high-loss materials, such as metallic materials with viscoelastic coatings and fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The effects of structural damping on the piezoelectric wafer active sensor tuning are successfully captured by the improved model, with experimental validations on an aluminum plate with adhesive films on both sides and a quasi-isotropic woven composite plate using circular piezoelectric wafer active sensor transducers.
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Lee, C. K. y F. C. Moon. "Modal Sensors/Actuators". Journal of Applied Mechanics 57, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 1990): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2892008.
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A piezoelectric laminate theory that uses the piezoelectric phenomenon to effect distributed control and sensing of structural vibration of a flexible plate has been used to develop a class of distributed sensor/actuators, that of modal sensors/actuators. The one-dimensional modal sensors/actuator equations are first derived theoretically and then examined experimentally. These modal equations indicate that distributed piezoelectric sensors/actuators can be adopted to measure/excite specific modes of one-dimensional plates and beams. If constructed correctly, actuator/observer spillover will not be present in systems adopting these types of sensors/actuators. A mode 1 and a mode 2 sensor for a one-dimensional cantilever plate were constructed and tested to examine the applicability of the modal sensors/actuators. A modal coordinate analyzer which allows us to measure any specific modal coordinate on-line real-time is proposed. Finally, a way to create a special two-dimensional modal sensor is presented.
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Park, Gyuhae, Charles R. Farrar, Amanda C. Rutherford y Amy N. Robertson. "Piezoelectric Active Sensor Self-Diagnostics Using Electrical Admittance Measurements". Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 128, n.º 4 (24 de enero de 2006): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2202157.
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This paper presents a piezoelectric sensor self-diagnostic procedure that performs in situ monitoring of the operational status of piezoelectric materials used for sensors and actuators in structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The sensor/actuator self-diagnostic procedure, where the sensors/actuators are confirmed to be functioning properly during operation, is a critical component to successfully complete the SHM process with large numbers of active sensors typically installed in a structure. The premise of this procedure is to track the changes in the capacitive value of piezoelectric materials resulting from the degradation of the mechanical/electrical properties and its attachment to a host structure, which is manifested in the imaginary part of the measured electrical admittances. This paper concludes with an experimental example to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed procedure.
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Tong, Min Ming, Le Jian An, Shou Feng Tang y Zi Hui Ren. "Gas Analysis Based on Piezoelectric Sensor Array". Advanced Materials Research 421 (diciembre de 2011): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.674.
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A piezoelectric sensor array is introduced for the analysis of gas in mine. This sensor array is made of three different gas-sensitive piezoelectric sensors to detect an explosive gas mixture of methane, butane and hexane. The gas analysis is very important to reliable warning of explosion risk in mine. Because of cross sensing to gas for each sensor of sensor array, we use BP neural network in the artificial neural networks to process the sensing signal to get the concentration of methane, butane and hexane in the combustible gas mixture. Experimental results show that the analysis error is less than 5% and meets the requirements of safety monitoring.
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Kim, J.-D. y S.-R. Nam. "Development of a Micro-Positioning Grinding Table Using Piezoelectric Voltage Feedback". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 209, n.º 6 (diciembre de 1995): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_110_02.
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Micro-positioning systems using piezoelectric actuators have a very wide range of applications including ultra-precision machine tools, optical devices and measurement systems. In order to ensure a high-precision displacement resolution, they use a position sensor and error feedback. From a practical point of view, a high-resolution displacement sensor system is very expensive and it is difficult to guarantee that such sensitive sensors work properly in the harsh operating environments of industry. In this paper, a micro-positioning grinding table has been developed which does not require a position sensor but instead uses piezoelectric voltage feedback. It is driven by a hysteresis-sensitive reference input voltage calculated by computer using the actuator/sensor characteristics of piezoelectric materials. The experimental results illustrate the fast and stable response of the micro-positioning system, and the paper suggests a more efficient technique for controlling piezoelectric actuators.
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Tzou, H. S., J. P. Zhong y M. Natori. "Sensor Mechanics of Distributed Shell Convolving Sensors Applied to Flexible Rings". Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 115, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1993): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930312.
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Observation spillover can introduce system instability to undamped distributed structural systems. This problem can be prevented via modal filtering using distributed piezoelectric modal sensors which are spatially shaped and convoluted such that they are only sensitive to specific modal mode(s). In this paper, detailed electro-mechanics—sensor mechanics—of spatially distributed piezoelectric shell convolving sensors are analyzed and results presented. It is observed that sensor sensitivity can be classified into two components: (1) the transverse modal sensitivity and (2) the membrane modal sensitivity in which the former is primarily contributed by bending strains and the later is by membrane strains. Design of spatially distributed cosine-shaped convolving sensors for ring structures is proposed and evaluated. Parametric studies suggest that the transverse sensitivity increases and the circumferential sensitivity remained constant when the ring becomes thicker. Both transverse and circumferential sensitivities increase when the piezoelectric layer becomes thicker or with higher piezoelectric constants.
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Ramadoss, Tamil Selvan, Yuya Ishii, Amutha Chinnappan, Marcelo H. Ang y Seeram Ramakrishna. "Fabrication of Pressure Sensor Using Electrospinning Method for Robotic Tactile Sensing Application". Nanomaterials 11, n.º 5 (17 de mayo de 2021): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051320.
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Tactile sensors are widely used by the robotics industries over decades to measure force or pressure produced by external stimuli. Piezoelectric-based pressure sensors have intensively been investigated as promising candidates for tactile sensing applications. In contrast, piezoelectric-based pressure sensors are expensive due to their high cost of manufacturing and expensive base materials. Recently, an effect similar to the piezoelectric effect has been identified in non-piezoelectric polymers such as poly(d,l-lactic acid (PDLLA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene. Hence investigations were conducted on alternative materials to find their suitability. In this article, we used inexpensive atactic polystyrene (aPS) as the base polymer and fabricated functional fibers using an electrospinning method. Fiber morphologies were studied using a field-emission scanning electron microscope and proposed a unique pressure sensor fabrication method. A fabricated pressure sensor was subjected to different pressures and corresponding electrical and mechanical characteristics were analyzed. An open circuit voltage of 3.1 V was generated at 19.9 kPa applied pressure, followed by an integral output charge (ΔQ), which was measured to calculate the average apparent piezoelectric constant dapp and was found to be 12.9 ± 1.8 pC N−1. A fabricated pressure sensor was attached to a commercially available robotic arm to mimic the tactile sensing.
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Wang, Songlai, Wanrong Wu, Yiping Shen, Hui Li y Binlong Tang. "Lamb Wave Directional Sensing with Piezoelectric Fiber Rosette in Structure Health Monitoring". Shock and Vibration 2019 (24 de junio de 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6189290.
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Directional piezoelectric sensors can detect the Lamb wave propagation direction to locate damage in structural health monitoring (SHM). The directivity of the round piezoelectric fiber is exploited with a 0°/45°/90° rosette configuration to acquire flexural Lamb wave signals. The directional response of the piezoelectric fiber under narrowband tone-burst excitation is theoretically deduced. Experimental tests are conducted to demonstrate the directivity and the frequency response property of the piezoelectric fiber under different excitation central frequencies in comparison with the MFC, rectangular piezoelectric sheet, and circular piezoelectric disc. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is applied to extract the maximum response amplitude information of the acquired Lamb wave signal at a central frequency. Experimental test results indicate that the piezoelectric fiber is capable to be used as a Lamb wave directional sensor than other piezoelectric sensors. A numerical estimation method for the Lamb wave propagation direction is proposed by defining an error function between the theoretical and experimental normalized response amplitude. The proposed method is generally applicable for different rosette configurations. Experimental results validate the accuracy of the proposed estimation method. The research results are significant to design or select the piezoelectric sensor to measure Lamb wave signals.
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Griffin, Connor y Victor Giurgiutiu. "Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensor Transducers for Acoustic Emission Applications". Sensors 23, n.º 16 (11 de agosto de 2023): 7103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23167103.
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Piezoelectric materials are defined by their ability to display a charge across their surface in response to mechanical strain, making them great for use in sensing applications. Such applications include pressure sensors, medical devices, energy harvesting and structural health monitoring (SHM). SHM describes the process of using a systematic approach to identify damage in engineering infrastructure. A method of SHM that uses piezoelectric wafers connected directly to the structure has become increasingly popular. An investigation of a novel pitch-catch method of determining instrumentation quality of piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWASs) used in SHM was conducted as well as an investigation into the effects of defects in piezoelectric sensors and sensor bonding on the sensor response. This pitch-catch method was able to verify defect-less instrumentation quality of pristinely bonded PWASs. Additionally, the pitch-catch method was compared with the electromechanical impedance method in determining defects in piezoelectric sensor instrumentation. Using the pitch-catch method, it was found that defective instrumentation resulted in decreasing amplitude of received and transmitted signals as well as changes in the frequency spectrums of the signals, such as the elimination of high frequency peaks in those with defects in the bonding layer and an increased amplitude of around 600 kHz for a broken PWAS. The electromechanical impedance method concluded that bonding layer defects increase the primary frequency peak’s amplitude and cause a downward frequency shift in both the primary and secondary frequency peaks in the impedance spectrum, while a broken sensor has the primary peak amplitude reduced while shifting upward and nearly eliminating the secondary peak.
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Yang, Hailu, Yue Yang, Yue Hou, Yue Liu, Pengfei Liu, Linbing Wang y Yuedong Ma. "Investigation of the Temperature Compensation of Piezoelectric Weigh-In-Motion Sensors Using a Machine Learning Approach". Sensors 22, n.º 6 (20 de marzo de 2022): 2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062396.
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Piezoelectric ceramics have good electromechanical coupling characteristics and a high sensitivity to load. One typical engineering application of piezoelectric ceramic is its use as a signal source for Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) systems in road traffic monitoring. However, piezoelectric ceramics are also sensitive to temperature, which affects their measurement accuracy. In this study, a new piezoelectric ceramic WIM sensor was developed. The output signals of sensors under different loads and temperatures were obtained. The results were corrected using polynomial regression and a Genetic Algorithm Back Propagation (GA-BP) neural network algorithm, respectively. The results show that the GA-BP neural network algorithm had a better effect on sensor temperature compensation. Before and after GA-BP compensation, the maximum relative error decreased from about 30% to less than 4%. The sensitivity coefficient of the sensor reduced from 1.0192 × 10−2/°C to 1.896 × 10−4/°C. The results show that the GA-BP algorithm greatly reduced the influence of temperature on the piezoelectric ceramic sensor and improved its temperature stability and accuracy, which helped improve the efficiency of clean-energy harvesting and conversion.
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Szewieczek, Artur, Christian Willberg, Daniel Schmidt y Michael Sinapius. "Virtual sensors for SHM using isogeometric piezoelectric finite elements". International Journal of Structural Integrity 6, n.º 6 (7 de diciembre de 2015): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-11-2014-0064.
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Purpose – A design of sensor networks for structural health monitoring (SHM) with guided waves poses a hard challenge. Therefore different approaches are possible. A known one is the usage of probability of detection (POD) criteria. Here, areas of potential impact sensitivity are calculated for every sensor which leads to a POD. The number of sensors is increased until a demanded POD is reached. However, these calculations are usually based on finite element methods and underlie different assumptions and approximations which can cause different inaccuracies. These limitations are avoided by using an experimental data basis for virtual sensors in this paper. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – An air-coupled ultrasound scanning technique is used for guided wave investigations. Recorded displacements of a structure surface are used as stimulation of virtual sensors which can be designed by software and positioned within available data field. For the calculation of sensor signals an isogeometric finite element model is used. The virtually bonded layer of the virtual piezoceramic sensor interpolates with non-uniform rational B-Splines (NURBS) the measured nodal data for each time step. This interpolation corresponds to a displacement boundary condition and is used to calculate the electrical potential at the free surface of the sensor. Findings – Experimental data based on air-coupled ultrasound scanning technique can be used for elimination of disadvantages in numerical simulations by developing sensor networks for SHM. In combination with a transfer matrix method (TM) a three-dimensional displacement of specimen surface for complex composites can be calculated. To obtain the sensor signal a surface-bonded sensor is modeled by an isogeometric finite element approach. A good accordance is found between calculated virtual sensor signal and its experimental verification. Research limitations/implications – Some deviations between calculated signal and its experimental verification are mainly justified by different spectral transfer functions between wave field scanning technique and signal recording of applied sensors. Furthermore, sensor influence on wave propagation is neglected in the presented method. Originality/value – In this paper, the principle of virtual sensors is applied on anisotropic multilayered lamina by using isogeometric finite elements for piezoelectric sensors. This enables any sensor dimension, layout and position on complex composites. Furthermore a bonding layer between specimen and sensor is considered. The method allows a detailed analysis of sensor behavior on a specimen surface and the design and optimization of entire sensor networks for SHM.
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Lee, Young Sup. "A New Position Sensor Using a Triangularly Shaped Piezoelectric PVDF Film". Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (noviembre de 2005): 2115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2115.
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This paper describes a novel tip position sensor for a cantilever beam made of a triangularly shaped distributed piezoelectric PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) film. Due to the boundary condition of the cantilever beam and the spatial sensitivity function of the distributed PVDF sensor, the charge output of the PVDF sensor can be shown to be proportional to the tip position of the beam. Experimental result using the triangular PVDF sensor were compared with those using two commercially available position sensors: an inductive sensor and an accelerometer (after double integration). The resonance frequencies of the test beam, measured using the PVDF sensor, matched well with those measured with the two commercial sensors and the PVDF sensor also showed good coherence over wide frequency range, whereas the inductive sensor became poor above 300Hz. However, the measured response of the PVDF sensor showed a bit larger magnitude compared with the two commercial sensors at higher frequencies. The triangular PVDF sensor have a number of advantages over conventional position sensors and could be used as tip position sensors.
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Sholar, S. A. "Comparative analysis of the applicability piezoelectric and piezore-sistive sensor to measure shock wave loads". Monitoring systems of environment, n.º 1 (22 de marzo de 2017): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33075/2220-5861-2017-1-19-23.
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Comparative analysis of pressure sensors used for measuring the shock wave loads was carried. In the experimental part were considered the four pressure sensors: piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and two piezoelectric sensors with integrated circuit. Our study tested the sensor sensitivity to shock wave loads and sensitivity to temperature differences between the sensors and the environment.
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Liu, Boyan, Liuyang Han, Lyuming Pan, Hongzheng Li, Jingjing Zhao, Ying Dong y Xiaohao Wang. "Flexible Multiscale Pore Hybrid Self-Powered Sensor for Heart Sound Detection". Sensors 21, n.º 13 (30 de junio de 2021): 4508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134508.
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This research introduces an idea of producing both nanoscale and microscale pores in piezoelectric material, and combining the properties of the molecular β-phase dipoles in ferroelectric material and the space charge dipoles in order to increase the sensitivity of the sensor and modulate the response frequency bandwidth of the material. Based on this idea, a bi-nano-micro porous dual ferro-electret hybrid self-powered flexible heart sound detection sensor is proposed. Acid etching and electrospinning were the fabrication processes used to produce a piezoelectric film with nanoscale and microscale pores, and corona poling was used for air ionization to produce an electret effect. In this paper, the manufacturing process of the sensor is introduced, and the effect of the porous structure and corona poling on improving the performance of the sensor is discussed. The proposed flexible sensor has an equivalent piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 3312 pC/N, which is much larger than the piezoelectric coefficient of the common piezoelectric materials. Experiments were carried out to verify the function of the flexible sensor together with the SS17L heart sound sensor (BIOPAC, Goleta, California, USA) as a reference. The test results demonstrated its practical application for wearable heart sound detection and the potential for heart disease detection. The proposed flexible sensor in this paper could realize batch production, and has the advantages of flexibility, low production cost and a short processing time compared with the existing heart sound detection sensors.
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Huynh, Thanh-Canh, The-Duong Nguyen, Duc-Duy Ho, Ngoc-Loi Dang y Jeong-Tae Kim. "Sensor Fault Diagnosis for Impedance Monitoring Using a Piezoelectric-Based Smart Interface Technique". Sensors 20, n.º 2 (16 de enero de 2020): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020510.
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For a structural health monitoring (SHM) system, the operational functionality of sensors is critical for successful implementation of a damage identification process. This study presents experimental and analytical investigations on sensor fault diagnosis for impedance-based SHM using the piezoelectric interface technique. Firstly, the piezoelectric interface-based impedance monitoring is experimentally conducted on a steel bolted connection to investigate the effect of structural damage and sensor defect on electromechanical (EM) impedance responses. Based on the experimental analysis, sensor diagnostic approaches using EM impedance features are designed to distinguish the sensor defect from the structural damage. Next, a novel impedance model of the piezoelectric interface-driven system is proposed for the analytical investigation of sensor fault diagnosis. Various parameters are introduced into the EM impedance formulation to model the effect of shear-lag phenomenon, sensor breakage, sensor debonding, and structural damage. Finally, the proposed impedance model is used to analytically estimate the change in EM impedance responses induced by the structural damage and the sensor defect. The analytical results are found to be consistent with experimental observations, thus evidencing the feasibility of the novel impedance model for sensor diagnosis and structural integrity assessment. The study is expected to provide theoretical and experimental foundations for impedance monitoring practices, using the piezoelectric interface technique, with the existence of sensor faults.
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Masmoudi, S., A. El Mahi, R. El Guerjouma y S. Turki. "Mechanical behaviour and identification of damage by acoustic emission of smart composites". Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 10, n.º 1 (3 de junio de 2014): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-11-2012-0023.
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Purpose – The smaller sizes of current electronic devices suggest the feasibility of creating a smart composite structure using piezoelectric implant to monitor in-situ and in-service conditions the life of civil and aerospace structures. Piezoelectric (lead zirconate-titanate (PZT)) sensors embedded within laminates composites represent a new branch of engineering with the potential to greatly enhance the confidence and use of these materials. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study presents a health monitoring of laminates composites materials incorporating by piezoelectric (PZT) implant using acoustic emission (AE) technique. A series of specimens of laminate composite with and without embedded piezoelectric were tested in three-point bending tests in static and creep loading while continuously monitoring the response by the AE technique. The AE signals were analysed using the classification k-means method in order to identify the different damages and to follow the evolution of these various mechanisms for both types of materials (with and without embedded sensors). Findings – Comparing embedded sensor to sensor mounted on the surface, the embedded sensor showed a much higher sensitivity. It was thus verified that the embedded AE sensor had great potential for AE monitoring in fibre reinforced composites structures. Originality/value – Piezoelectric implant to monitor in-situ and in-service conditions the life of civil and aerospace structures.
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Korobiichuk, Igor. "Analysis of Errors of Piezoelectric Sensors used in Weapon Stabilizers". Metrology and Measurement Systems 24, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2017): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2017-0001.
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Abstract Effectiveness of operation of a weapon stabilization system is largely dependent on the choice of a sensor, i.e. an accelerometer. The paper identifies and examines fundamental errors of piezoelectric accelerometers and offers measures for their reduction. Errors of a weapon stabilizer piezoelectric sensor have been calculated. The instrumental measurement error does not exceed 0.1 × 10−5 m/s2. The errors caused by the method of attachment to the base, different noise sources and zero point drift can be mitigated by the design features of piezoelectric sensors used in weapon stabilizers.
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Qian, Rong Rong, Zhi Yu Wen y Li Chen. "A Piezoelectrically Actuated Scaning Micromirror Integrated with Angle Sensors". Key Engineering Materials 483 (junio de 2011): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.483.437.
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A novel piezoelectrically actuated scanning micromirror integrated with angle sensors is presented. The mirror with large size of 3×3mm2 locates in the center of the device, and piezoelectric actuators are symmetrically placed on both sides of the mirror. They are connected through torsion bars in which piezoelectric angle sensors are integrated. In order to obtain large deflection angle at a low operation voltage, the new actuator consisting of several parallel piezoelectric cantilevers is adopted. The machematical models of the mirror and piezoelectric actuator are given, and the piezoelectric angle sensors are designed to obtain high sensitivities. The simulation results indicate that the maximum mechanical deflection angle of the micromirror is 12.4° at an operation voltage of 25V, and the maximum output voltage of the angle sensor is 164.3mV. The resonant frequency associated with the torsional mode is 960Hz. The sensitivity of the angle sensor is 13.3mV/° without amplifying. The Scanning miromirror is suitable for optical scanning systems such as the microscope, the micro-spectrometer, the medical imaging, the barcode reader and so on.
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Shi, Yannan, Shuaishuai Jiang, Yang Liu, Yiying Wang y Penglei Qi. "Design and Optimization of a Triangular Shear Piezoelectric Acceleration Sensor for Microseismic Monitoring". Geofluids 2022 (25 de abril de 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3964502.
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Aiming at the characteristics of low sensitivity and narrow frequency range of existing microseismic monitoring sensors for mine water hazard prevention and control, a piezoelectric acceleration sensor for microseismic monitoring based on a kind of triangular shear structure is proposed. Firstly, the structure of the triangular shear piezoelectric acceleration sensor is designed, and its dynamic model is built. The structural and material parameters related to natural frequency and sensitivity are analyzed. Then, the selection of piezoelectric ceramic materials is discussed. The parametric design of the designed sensor is carried out, and its finite element structural model is built by ANSYS. The modal analysis, resonance response analysis, and piezoelectric analysis of the designed sensor are carried out. The simulation results indicate that the working frequency and sensitivity of the designed sensor meet the requirements of microseismic monitoring. Response surface optimization is adopted to analyze the influence of sensor element design variables on the sensitivity and resonant frequency of the designed sensor. The reoptimized design of the reference sensor improves the resonant frequency of the designed sensor by 9.46% and the charge sensitivity by 18.96%. Finally, the designed sensor is calibrated, and the microseismic signal detection experiment is carried out. The results indicate that the resonant frequency of the designed sensor is 6150 Hz, the working frequency is 0.1-2050 Hz, and the charge sensitivity is 1600 pC/g. The sensor can detect microseismic signals with a wide frequency range and high sensitivity.