Tesis sobre el tema "Piano Integrato"

Doutoramento em Música
O presente trabalho pretende ser uma contribuição para a pedagogia do piano e para uma melhor compreensão dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem instrumental que incluem o tocar de ouvido e a notação musical. Diversos autores têm argumentado sobre a importância do tocar de ouvido na aprendizagem musical, sobretudo, para que haja uma maior ênfase desta prática no ensino instrumental de música clássica. Embora haja estudos que comprovem os seus efeitos em diversas competências musicais, é difícil encontrar estudos qualitativos que analisem como ocorrem os processos de ensino-aprendizagem do tocar de ouvido em contexto formal. Assim, esta investigação teve como principal objetivo dar maior ênfase a esta prática em aulas de Piano Funcional, procurando compreender o seu papel nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem que incluem a notação musical. Para alcançar este fim, foi elaborada uma abordagem integrada de ensino-aprendizagem do Piano Funcional na qual se propôs um equilíbrio entre as aprendizagens auditiva e notacional, e que contemplou as diversas facetas do fazer musical: prática instrumental, competências funcionais, teoria e percepção musical e prática de conjunto. Esta abordagem foi elaborada a partir de dois eixos teóricos fundamentais: sob a perspectiva de autores proponentes da linha from sound to symbol e sob os princípios de aprendizagem musical informal definidos por Lucy Green. Para a elaboração da abordagem foi desenvolvido um estudo em fase preliminar que contemplou duas etapas: a revisão de métodos destinados ao ensino-aprendizagem de Piano Funcional e um estudo exploratório realizado com duas participantes. A partir da revisão, o método Alfred’s Book Piano for Adults (Lancaster e Renfrow, 2004) apresentou-se como o mais adequado ao desenvolvimento da abordagem e como complemento foram criadas diversas atividades auditivas paralelas. No estudo exploratório, estas atividades foram testadas e aprimoradas na medida em que se alcançava maior compreensão do objeto de estudo. Na fase seguinte foi realizada uma investigação-ação com observação participante em três ciclos durante um semestre letivo, com dois grupos de cinco alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Música da UFPI. Como métodos de recolha de dados foram utilizados: notas de campo, gravações em vídeo, entrevistas individuais, focus group, testes e avaliações feitas por uma critical friend. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que quando a aprendizagem auditiva e a aprendizagem notacional são desenvolvidas paralelamente e de forma equilibrada, utilizando estratégias em comum, uma pode contribuir positivamente para o desenvolvimento da outra. Nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem analisados, o tocar de ouvido desempenhou um papel importante na compreensão da notação musical. Os resultados aqui apresentados enfatizam a necessidade de se repensar os curricula das instituições de ensino formal de música que ainda dão pouca ênfase à prática do tocar de ouvido de forma que se estabeleça uma educação musical calcada numa concepção mais abrangente sobre literacia musical.
This thesis aims to contribute to the improvement of piano pedagogy and comprehension of the instrumental teaching and learning processes that include playing by ear and musical notation. Several authors have argued about the importance of playing by ear in musical learning, especially to promote greater emphasis of this practice during instrumental classical music teaching. Even though there are studies proving its effects in various musical skills, it is difficult to find qualitative studies that examine how does teachinglearning process of playing by ear happen in formal context.Thus, this research had as main objective to emphasize this practice in Functional Piano lessons, trying to understand its role in the teaching-learning processes that include musical notation. To achieve this goal, it was developed a holistic approach to teaching and learning Functional Piano that contemplated the following musical facets: instrumental practice, functional skills, theory, musical perception and ensemble. This approach had been elaborated based on two theoretical orientations: the cognitive theory based on the current “from sound to symbol” and the principles of informal musical learning defined by Lucy Green. In this way, the proposed approach was early developed in two stages: the first included a review of Functional Piano Methods and the second may be defined as an exploratory study with two participants. From the review of the piano methods, it was decided that Alfred´s Book Piano for Adults was the more appropriated for the aim of this study due to its sequence of concepts and reading approach. From this choice, several aural activities were designed to complement the existing material respecting the sequence proposed by the quoted method. In the exploratory study, these activities were tested and refined to the extent that it reached greater understanding of the subject matter. In the next stage, an action-research was carried out in three cycles during one semester with two groups of five undergraduate music students at Federal University of Piauí. As data collection methods were used: field notes, video recordings, individual interviews, focus group, tests and evaluations made by a critical friend. The results of this study showed that when the aural and notational learning are developed in a parallel and integrated way, using common strategies, each approach may contribute positively to the development of the other one. In the proposed teaching – learning processes by this study, playing by ear had an important role to the understanding of musical notation. The results emphasize the need to rethink the curricula of educational institutions that do not give enough importance to the playing by ear practice, which could establish a more comprehensive musical literacy.

Doutoramento em Música
Dentro do amplo universo da Música na Comunidade, os projetos com base em práticas coletivas têm vindo a ser amplamente documentados, constituindo-se como a base que sustenta a definição dos princípios filosóficos sobre o qual a Música na Comunidade se desenvolve. Partindo de um trabalho preliminar de investigação direcionado para o papel do líder de projetos musicais em contexto prisional, esta tese pretende contribuir para ampliar a perspetiva do que é a Música na Comunidade, relatando e refletindo sobre um projeto desenvolvido dentro de uma prisão feminina portuguesa entre 2013 e 2014. Tendo a prática individual de piano como centro do processo de trabalho musical, o projeto desenvolveu-se por um período de cerca de oito meses, envolvendo quatro reclusas do Estabelecimento Prisional Especial de Santa Cruz do Bispo (Porto). As sessões individuais, semanais, gravitaram em torno da improvisação, composição, memorização e aprendizagem de repertório. A evolução do trabalho individual resultou na apresentação de três concertos públicos ao longo dos oito meses de trabalho, em três contextos distintos e direcionados para diferentes públicos. Seguindo o princípio fundamental da filosofia da Música na Comunidade de colocar as pessoas no centro de qualquer projeto, na análise apresentada neste trabalho intersetam-se a visão técnica e objetiva do trabalho musical em si mesmo com uma lente de observação e análise mais humana e subjetiva, fortemente influenciada pela estreita relação desenvolvida com cada uma das participantes. Tomando como ponto de partida os princípios básicos da Música na Comunidade da inclusão, democratização e participação ativa, exploram-se as diferentes formas através das quais este projeto pode ser identificado como Música na Comunidade, não obstante o facto de se ter centrado no trabalho individual com cada uma das participantes. Expandem-se os limites das práticas de Música na Comunidade e abrem-se novas portas para futuros projetos.
Within the broad universe of the Community in Music, projects based on collective practices have been widely documented, becoming the base that supports the definition of the philosophical principles on which the Community Music develops. Starting from the preliminary research focused on the role of the leader within musical projects behind bars, this work aims to contribute to the broadening of the perspective of what is Community Music, reporting and reflecting on a project developed within a Portuguese women's prison between 2013 and 2014. Having the individual piano practice at the centre of the musical work progress, the project developed over a period of about eight months, involving four inmates of the Estabelecimento Prisional Especial de Santa Cruz do Bispo (Porto). The individual, weekly sessions gravitated around improvisation, composition, memorizing and learning repertoire. The evolution of individual work resulted in the presentation of three public concerts in three distinct contexts and directed to different publics. Following the fundamental principle of Community Music of putting people at the centre of any project, in the analysis here presented the technical and objective vision of the musical work itself intersect with a human and subjective lens of observation, strongly influenced by the close relationship developed with each of the participants. Taking the basic principles of Community Music as a starting point (inclusion, democratization and active participation), this thesis explores the different ways in which this project can be identified as Community Music, despite of the focus on individual work with each of the participants. The limits of Community Music practices are expanded and new doors are opened for future projects.

Thesis (D.M.A) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Music. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

Per riappropriarsi di sé, una città-territorio ha bisogno di un percorso interdisciplinare ed integrato di rigenerazione, funzionale allo sviluppo futuro dell’area. Molti dei tentativi effettuati sono falliti a causa della complessità delle problematiche da affrontare. L’alternativa al fallimento è un cambio di prospettiva: l’approccio alla rigenerazione urbana risulta sempre più diffuso tra chi si occupa di dinamiche orientate al cambiamento. Sono tanti i modi in cui si potrebbe affrontare la transizione dalla recente crisi economica. Uno di questi è farsi portatori dell’Ostinazione urbana: la capacità di cercare con convinzione una logica sartoriale e non stancarsi di esplorare insieme a mercato, operatori e istituzioni delle vie possibili per il rinnovamento urbano. Dallo studio sulla rigenerazione è nato questo lavoro, che vuole offrire uno sguardo multidisciplinare sullo stato dell’arte e della pratica della rigenerazione in Italia. Nella Parte Zero si introducono: scenario di riferimento, questione urbana e i concetti/slogan abusati ad essa associati. Nella Parte Prima si definisce la rigenerazione urbana, tracciandone una carta di identità. Con la Parte Seconda si illustrano evidenze e numeri chiave che riguardano il patrimonio immobiliare italiano, la domanda, l’offerta e i nuovi strumenti finanziari. All’interno della Parte Terza, si indaga lo stato dell’arte della rigenerazione attraverso un sistema di interviste ai suoi diversi attori allo scopo di delineare un inquadramento della situazione attuale. Le schede presentate nella Parte Quarta raccontano esperienze e processi di sviluppo, che ruotano attorno a territori-città italiane: piccole-medie città, rappresentative della maggioranza delle realtà urbane italiane. Nella Parte Quinta, infine, vengono alla luce alcuni indirizzi e strumenti di sviluppo nascosti tra le righe dei processi-esperienze presentati nella parte quarta.

Il lavoro di ricerca descrive il percorso che ha portato alla redazione del Piano Strutturale del Verde del Comune di Senigallia (AN), quale strumento capace di migliorare la qualità di vita ed il benessere della città, intesa come ecosistema, e dei cittadini, quali parte integrante e, al tempo stesso, fruitori di suddetto ecosistema. Lo studio ha pertanto previsto dapprima un'analisi approfondita e dettagliata dell’intero territorio comunale e, successivamente, la stesura di linee guida e la definizione di soluzioni progettuali tipo indirizzate ad una pianificazione e gestione sostenibile del territorio. Il lavoro svolto non si limita alla descrizione del Piano Strutturale del Verde, ma illustra anche un caso studio francese, quale modello di analisi dell'iter successivo, che è consigliabile seguire dopo l'approvazione di questo tipo di Piani, al fine di renderli concreti ed operativi ed attuare, quindi, le linee guida da essi definite. L’obiettivo risulta dunque quello di evitare che questo importante strumento di pianificazione e gestione del territorio sia dimenticato in un cassetto degli Uffici Comunali.
The research explains in which way the Green Urban Plan of Senigallia, in Marche Region, was created. The Green Urban Plan has been considered as an instrument, able to improve the life quality and the welfare for people and for the city. After a depth analysis of the whole territory, the study has defined many guide lines and solutions to have a complete planning and management of the landscape. The work is not only a description of the Green Urban Plan, but it also shows a French example as a model for the future steps (process), it is advisable to follow after approval of these plans in order to make concrete and operative the guide lines defined by them. The aim of this project is to ensure that this important tool for planning and managing the landscape will be not forgotten somewhere in some Town office.

Il lavoro di ricerca descrive il percorso che ha portato alla redazione del Piano Strutturale del Verde del Comune di Senigallia (AN), quale strumento capace di migliorare la qualità di vita ed il benessere della città, intesa come ecosistema, e dei cittadini, quali parte integrante e, al tempo stesso, fruitori di suddetto ecosistema. Lo studio ha pertanto previsto dapprima un'analisi approfondita e dettagliata dell’intero territorio comunale e, successivamente, la stesura di linee guida e la definizione di soluzioni progettuali tipo indirizzate ad una pianificazione e gestione sostenibile del territorio. Il lavoro svolto non si limita alla descrizione del Piano Strutturale del Verde, ma illustra anche un caso studio francese, quale modello di analisi dell'iter successivo, che è consigliabile seguire dopo l'approvazione di questo tipo di Piani, al fine di renderli concreti ed operativi ed attuare, quindi, le linee guida da essi definite. L’obiettivo risulta dunque quello di evitare che questo importante strumento di pianificazione e gestione del territorio sia dimenticato in un cassetto degli Uffici Comunali.
The research explains in which way the Green Urban Plan of Senigallia, in Marche Region, was created. The Green Urban Plan has been considered as an instrument, able to improve the life quality and the welfare for people and for the city. After a depth analysis of the whole territory, the study has defined many guide lines and solutions to have a complete planning and management of the landscape. The work is not only a description of the Green Urban Plan, but it also shows a French example as a model for the future steps (process), it is advisable to follow after approval of these plans in order to make concrete and operative the guide lines defined by them. The aim of this project is to ensure that this important tool for planning and managing the landscape will be not forgotten somewhere in some Town office.

Thesis (D.A.)--University of Mississippi, 2008.
Typescript. Vita. "August 2008." Major professor: Ian Hominick Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-67). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users

The Sardinian Regional Plan for the Landscape (PPR) was approved in 2006 as a response to statutory requirements and urgency to manage conflicts between environmental and economic needs in coastal areas. For these areas, the Sardinian PPR sets rules and policies to protect landscape and cultural identity. In order to achieve these aims, it provides prescriptive rules and indicative policies to be implemented by means of other plans, among which great importance is given to municipal master plans. This study seeks to understand the nature of the Sardinian PPR by examining its contents and process, and to evaluate to what extent it achieves its aim, that of delivering a balanced, sustainable development in coastal areas. The plan has been studied by using different tools: an extensive study of the documents of the PPR, a literature review on spatial planning to assess its nature, in-depth interviews which provided insights on the preparation, contents, strengths and weaknesses of the plan. The research succeeded in putting the Sardinian PPR in the context of spatial planning by assessing its (partial) fulfilment of four criteria, identified from literature as key features of spatial plans: ability to provide a framework for other plans, vision, inclusiveness, and deliverability. The assessment of the potential delivery of sustainable development in the island by means of qualitative research proved to be challenging. While there is some evidence of commitment to environmental sustainability, economic and social effects were questioned, especially with reference to issues of participation and cooperation between different institutions. Although this study examines only a particular plan approved in Italy in compliance with the national law ‘On Cultural Heritage and Landscape’, the finding of this research can provide useful suggestions to enhance the delivery of sustainable development by means of other similar plans.

Le Pubbliche Amministrazioni (PA) sono da tempo coinvolte in un processo di miglioramento attuato e voluto soprattutto per via normativa; infatti, a partire dagli anni Novanta si sono susseguiti molteplici provvedimenti legislativi che hanno scandito i tempi, le modalità di attuazione e gli strumenti da introdurre in ciascuna PA per realizzare nuovi percorsi di innovazione. Alla base dei continui mutamenti legislativi, tutt’ora in atto, vi è l’improrogabile necessità di attuare un uso più efficiente ed efficace delle risorse pubbliche che sono sempre più limitate. A tal proposito, diversi studiosi tra cui: Anselmi (1995), Meneguzzo e Rebora (1990), Mussari (2002), Borgonovi (2005) hanno evidenziato come la prospettiva economico–aziendale che trova centralità nella conduzione economica dell’azienda, rappresenti il presupposto necessario per far fronte al problema della scarsità delle risorse pubbliche. Premesso ciò, la prima parte della tesi ha l’obiettivo di analizzare il percorso di aziendalizzazione delle Pubbliche Amministrazioni; a tal proposito sono approfonditi i paradigmi teorici del New Public Management e della Public Governance che hanno enfatizzato la gestione delle aziende pubbliche secondo i principi di economicità, trasparenza ed accountability promuovendo una nuova relazione con la comunità amministrata. Nella seconda parte della tesi l’attenzione è posta sulle Università statali, quali Pubbliche Amministrazioni che sono inquadrate come aziende poiché presentano i caratteri aziendali di coordinazione sistemica, autonomia e durabilità. In tale ambito l’obiettivo è evidenziare come le diverse riforme che si sono succedute nel tempo hanno incentivato una gestione manageriale degli Atenei statali. A tal proposito è approfondita la riforma degli organi di governance, il meccanismo di finanziamento performance-based funding e il nuovo sistema contabile e di Bilancio evidenziando come il passaggio dalla contabilità finanziaria alla contabilità patrimoniale abbia, almeno potenzialmente, rinnovato il processo di programmazione. Nell’ultima parte è stato approfondito lo sviluppo della pianificazione strategica e della performance che ha comportato l’adozione da parte delle Università statali dei Piani strategici triennali e dei Piani Integrati della Performance. A tal proposito, dopo aver condotto l’analisi della recente letteratura per evidenziare quali sono le caratteristiche che i Piani della performance dovrebbero presentare per essere considerati strumenti manageriali, è stata condotta la ricerca empirica per scoprire la loro reale valenza programmatica. In particolare, sono stati analizzati i Piani Integrati della performance pubblicati sul sito web dalle Università statali considerate dal Censis di piccole dimensioni in quanto caratterizzate da massimo diecimila iscritti. A conclusione del lavoro sono state svolte alcune riflessioni critiche sulla natura manageriale dei documenti esaminati con l’obiettivo di arricchire il dibattito scientifico sviluppato solo negli ultimi anni. Infine, si sottolinea che il tema analizzato è molto recente, infatti l’ANVUR ha dichiarato di emanare nuove linee guida con l’obiettivo di supportare gli Atenei a rendere il Piano Integrato un documento di programmazione economica. Ciò aprirà sicuramente la strada a nuove prospettive future di ricerca.
Public Administrations have been involved in a managerial transformation implemented above all through legislation; in fact, since the 1990s, many laws have stressed the times and the tools to realize in each Administration new paths of managerial innovation. At the base of the continuous legislative changes, still in progress, there is the need to implement a more efficient and effective use of public resources that are becoming more limited. In this regard, several scholars such as Anselmi (1995), Meneguzzo and Rebora (1990), Mussari (2002), Borgonovi (2005) have pointed out that the economic perspective is the necessary prerequisite to cut down the problem of public resources scarcity. In light of these considerations, the work is structured as follows. The first part aims at analyzing the “New Public Management” and the “Public Governance” which are the paradigms that have emphasized the adoption in the public sector of the principles of economy, transparency and accountability, encouraging a new relationship between Public Administrations and citizens. Considering the above mentioned aspects, in the second part the attention is focused on the change affecting public Universities which are analyzed as companies that present the corporate characteristics of a systemic coordination, autonomy and durability. In this context, the goal is to highlight how the various reforms have encouraged managerial direction of public Universities. To achieve this purpose, the chapter illustrates the reform of governance bodies, the new financing performance–based mechanisms and the transition from cash basis accounting to accrual basis accounting that have promoted, at least potentially, a new form of programming. Finally, the last part was furthered developed considering strategic planning and performance programming. To clarify this aims, literature review was examined to highlight what are the characteristics that performance plans should present to be considered managerial tools and the empirical research was conducted to find out their real programmatic value. In particular, this study was carried out about the Performance Integrated Plans published on the website by the small Universities characterized by a maximum of ten thousand enrolled students. At the end some critical reflections about managerial nature of the examined documents were carried out with the aim of enriching the scientific debate developed only in recent years. The topic analyzed is very recent, in fact the ANVUR has declared to issue new guidelines with the aim of supporting the Universities to make the Integrated Plan an economic document. So this event will certainly open the way for new future research prospects.

La corretta e costante applicazione della manutenzione può assumere un ruolo chiave per garantire la qualità del patrimonio costruito e il soddisfacimento delle più recenti classi di requisiti ambientali. A tal fine, è necessario che le strategie che guidano la programmazione delle attività di manutenzione siano modellate sulle caratteristiche del manufatto in esame. In Italia una larga parte degli edifici risulta edificata prima del 1946 e, molti di questi seppur non strettamente tutelati dalla legge, possono presentare rilevanti caratteri morfologici o costruttivi che vanno opportunamente conservati. La manutenzione, condotta in un’ottica sistemica e multiscalare, comprendendo interventi diagnostici e di monitoraggio o interventi approfonditi per singoli elementi tecnici, può consentire il miglioramento delle prestazioni ambientali dell’edificio. Al contempo, risultando meno invasivi di altri approcci, questi interventi manutentivi appaiono più adatti alle istanze conservative del patrimonio architettonico. Attraverso la corretta e costante applicazione di prassi di attività fondate su un’accurata programmazione e su strategie d’intervento migliorative e proattive, la manutenzione può assumere un ruolo chiave per garantire la qualità dell’ambiente costruito ed il soddisfacimento dei requisiti di sostenibilità. La ricerca mira a perfezionare alcuni strumenti esistenti della programmazione della manutenzione al fine di adottarli per il miglioramento delle prestazioni ambientali nel Patrimonio Architettonico nel rispetto delle sue istanze conservative. Ambito di sperimentazione della ricerca sono le scuole del Comune di Palermo costruite nella prima metà del ventesimo secolo.
A correct and constant application of maintenance activities assumes a key role in granting built environment quality and in satisfying environmental requirements for buildings. For this purpose, the maintenance strategies needs to be specific to the studied building's characteristics. A large part of the Italian built environment were constructed before 1946. Even when they aren't legally enforced preserved buildings, many of these often have valuable architectonical or technical characteristics that deserve preservation. Adopting a systemic and multiscalar approach for the building's maintenance (which comprehends diagnostic and monitoring activities along with specific interventions) is possible to achieve the goal of environmental performance enhancements. At the same time, since these maintenance interventions are minimally invasive, they appear to be more indicated to deal with the conservative needs of historical buildings. Through a consistent practice of activities based on accurate planning and proactive strategies, maintenance assumes a key role in granting built environment quality and in satisfying environmental requirements for buildings. This research aims to perfect some existing planned maintenance tools and to use them to improve environmental performance in historical buildings. The field of experimentation chosen for the research is a group of school buildings (owned and managed by the Municipality of Palermo in Sicily) built in the first half of the 20th Century.

This thesis analyses the political and cultural profile of the Italian technocrats that, during the first Italy's republican legislature (1948-1953), took part in the Marshall Plan's bodies, such as the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), which concurred to the distribution of Marshall Plan's funds in Europe. In addition, it deals with the reconstruction of the global role played by Italy within the OEEC. Rooted in the framework of the post-war Italian economic reconstruction and of the Cold War, the Marshall Plan (ERP) represented for the centrist government a fundamental turning point for reintroducing Italy in the Western political horizon after the fall of Fascism. Far from assuming that the ERP embodied a unilateral American mechanism of political control over the Italian society, many scholars have outlined that Italy's participation in the ERP was original and to some extent autonomous. Moreover, Italian technocrats (i.e. Campilli, Tremelloni, Malagodi, Saraceno, Menichella) which worked in the OEEC and other ERP's organisations had politically grown up during the Fascism and had shared the cultural pattern of corporatist and State-led economy, which did not always align with the liberal-capitalist pattern promoted by the US in Western Europe after 1945. In this light and according to the most recent historiography on the Cold War, I aim to conceptualise the contradiction existing between the political, economic and cultural background of the Italian technocrats – which were neither merely post-fascists, nor completely adherent of the American model of capitalism - and the free-market oriented framework with which they had to face. Then, paying attention to institutional as well as personal archival sources belonged to some of those personalities, I will investigate whether or not did they build in the ERP institutions a specific “technocratic project” for post-war Italy, exploring the relationships and the degree of political autonomy enjoyed by these technocrats with respect to the main Italian political parties (especially Democrazia Cristiana) between 1947-1953.
Si tratta di uno studio riguardante l'adesione italiana all'OECE negli anni della prima legislatura repubblicana. La ricerca ha preso in esame non soltanto le principali dinamiche del processo di ricostruzione economica italiana nel secondo dopoguerra, ma ha anche analizzato i rapporti internazionali che il Governo De Gasperi attivò con i maggiori Paesi del blocco euro-atlantico: USA, Francia, Gran Bretagna, collocando in tal modo l'esperienza post-bellica italiana all'interno del contesto più ampio dell'avvio della Guerra fredda. Questo lavoro si è soffermato sulla ricostruzione dell'azione politica ed economica promossa dalla delegazione italiana all'OECE negli anni '47-'53, nel tentativo di capire quali fossero i maggiori temi d'interesse coltivati dalla coalizione degasperiana. Ci si è soffermati soprattutto sui temi dell'emigrazione, della liberalizzazione degli scambi e dei pagamenti 3 della realizzazione di progetti di integrazione economica (Unione doganale, Piano Pella, etc.). Si è inoltre analizzato il modo in cui i maggiori Paesi dell'OECE, Francia e Gran Bretagna, guardarono al ruolo giocato dall'Italia all'interno di quella organizzazione. Si è infine riflettuto sulla composizione della delegazione italiana e sull'esperienza politica incarnata dai funzionari e dagli esperti che vi presero parte: si è infatti riflettuto sui rapporti che la delegazione sviluppò con il Governo centrale italiano e, parallelamente, con le altre delegazioni internazionali presenti nell'OECE. Si è infine riflettuto sullo' statuto politico' dei membri della delegazione: funzionari, esperti, tecnici, tecnocrati? Dall'analisi dei documenti archivistici e della bibliografia esistente, si è insomma tentato di ricostruire da un punto di vista globale il ruolo svolto dall'Italia all'interno di questa Organizzazione, analizzandone sia le strategie di fondo, sia le intrinseche contraddizioni, con l'obiettivo di comprendere in quale misura la partecipazione italiana all'interno dell'OECE abbia influito sul più generale processo di ricostruzione economica del Paese e sulla sua collocazione all'interno del processo di integrazione economica europea e della ridefinizione degli equilibri capitalistici occidentali nel secondo dopoguerra.

La importancia de comprender los procesos biológicos ha estimulado el desarrollo de métodos para la detección de interacciones proteína-proteína. Esta tesis presenta PIANA (Protein Interactions And Network Analysis), un programa informático para la integración y el análisis de redes de interacción proteicas. Además, describimos un método que identifica motivos de interacción basándose en que las proteínas con parejas de interacción comunes tienden a interaccionar con esas parejas a través del mismo motivo de interacción. Encontramos que las proteínas altamente conectadas (i.e., hubs) con múltiples motivos tienen mayor probabilidad de ser esenciales para la viabilidad de la célula que los hubs con uno o dos motivos. Finalmente, presentamos un método que predice genes relacionados con cáncer mediante la integración de redes de interacción proteicas, datos de expresión diferenciada y propiedades estructurales, funcionales y evolutivas. El valor de predicción positiva es 71% con sensitividad del 1%, superando a otros métodos usados independientemente.
The importance of understanding cellular processes prompted the development of experimental approaches that detect protein-protein interactions. Here, we describe a software platform called PIANA (Protein Interactions And Network Analysis) that integrates interaction data from multiple sources and automates the analysis of protein interaction networks. Moreover, we describe a method that delineates interacting motifs by relying on the observation that proteins with common interaction partners tend to interact with these partners through the same interacting motif. We find that highly connected proteins (i.e., hubs) with multiple interacting motifs are more likely to be essential for cellular viability than hubs with one or two interacting motifs. Furthermore, we present a method that predicts cancer genes by integrating protein interaction networks, differential expression studies and structural, functional and evolutionary properties. For a sensitivity of 1%, the positive predictive value is 71%, which outperforms the use of any of the methods independently.

This thesis explores the changing reputation and legacy of John Powell (1882-1963). Powell was a Virginian-born pianist, composer, and ardent Anglo-Saxon supremacist who created musical propaganda to support racial purity and to define the United States as an exclusively Anglo-Saxon nation. Although he once enjoyed international fame, he has largely disappeared from the public consciousness today. In contrast, the legacies of many of Powell’s musical contemporaries, such as Charles Ives and George Gershwin, have remained vigorous. By examining the ways in which the public has perceived and portrayed Powell both during and after his lifetime, this thesis links Powell’s obscurity to a deliberate, public rejection of his Anglo-Saxon supremacist definition of the United States.

Despite significant efforts have been directed toward reducing waste generation and encouraging alternative waste management strategies, landfills still remain the main option for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) disposal in many countries. Hence, landfills and related impacts on the surroundings are still current issues throughout the world. Actually, the major concerns are related to the potential emissions of leachate and landfill gas into the environment, that pose a threat to public health, surface and groundwater pollution, soil contamination and global warming effects. To ensure environmental protection and enhance landfill sustainability, modern sanitary landfills are equipped with several engineered systems with different functions. For instance, the installation of containment systems, such as bottom liner and multi-layers capping systems, is aimed at reducing leachate seepage and water infiltration into the landfill body as well as gas migration, while eventually mitigating methane emissions through the placement of active oxidation layers (biocovers). Leachate collection and removal systems are designed to minimize water head forming on the bottom section of the landfill and consequent seepages through the liner system. Finally, gas extraction and utilization systems, allow to recover energy from landfill gas while reducing explosion and fire risks associated with methane accumulation, even though much depends on gas collection efficiency achieved in the field (range: 60-90% Spokas et al., 2006; Huitric and Kong, 2006). Hence, impacts on the surrounding environment caused by the polluting substances released from the deposited waste through liquid and gas emissions can be potentially mitigated by a proper design of technical barriers and collection/extraction systems at the landfill site. Nevertheless, the long-term performance of containment systems to limit the landfill emissions is highly uncertain and is strongly dependent on site-specific conditions such as climate, vegetative covers, containment systems, leachate quality and applied stress. Furthermore, the design and operation of leachate collection and treatment systems, of landfill gas extraction and utilization projects, as well as the assessment of appropriate methane reduction strategies (biocovers), require reliable emission forecasts for the assessment of system feasibility and to ensure environmental compliance. To this end, landfill simulation models can represent an useful supporting tool for a better design of leachate/gas collection and treatment systems and can provide valuable information for the evaluation of best options for containment systems depending on their performances under the site-specific conditions. The capability in predicting future emissions levels at a landfill site can also be improved by combining simulation models with field observations at full-scale landfills and/or with experimental studies resembling landfill conditions. Indeed, this kind of data may allow to identify the main parameters and processes governing leachate and gas generation and can provide useful information for model refinement. In view of such need, the present research study was initially addressed to develop a new landfill screening model that, based on simplified mathematical and empirical equations, provides quantitative estimation of leachate and gas production over time, taking into account for site-specific conditions, waste properties and main landfill characteristics and processes. In order to evaluate the applicability of the developed model and the accuracy of emissions forecast, several simulations on four full-scale landfills, currently in operative management stage, were carried out. The results of these case studies showed a good correspondence of leachate estimations with monthly trend observed in the field and revealed that the reliability of model predictions is strongly influenced by the quality of input data. In particular, the initial waste moisture content and the waste compression index, which are usually data not available from a standard characterisation, were identified as the key unknown parameters affecting leachate production. Furthermore, the applicability of the model to closed landfills was evaluated by simulating different alternative capping systems and by comparing the results with those returned by the Hydrological Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP), which is the most worldwide used model for comparative analysis of composite liner systems. Despite the simplified approach of the developed model, simulated values of infiltration and leakage rates through the analysed cover systems were in line with those of HELP. However, it should be highlighted that the developed model provides an assessment of leachate and biogas production only from a quantitative point of view. The leachate and biogas composition was indeed not included in the forecast model, as strongly linked to the type of waste that makes the prediction in a screening phase poorly representative of what could be expected in the field. Hence, for a qualitative analysis of leachate and gas emissions over time, a laboratory methodology including different type of lab-scale tests was applied to a particular waste material. Specifically, the research was focused on mechanically biologically treated (MBT) wastes which, after the introduction of the European Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC (European Commission, 1999) that imposes member states to dispose of in landfills only wastes that have been preliminary subjected to treatment, are becoming the main flow waste landfilled in new Italian facilities. However, due to the relatively recent introduction of the MBT plants within the waste management system, very few data on leachate and gas emissions from MBT waste in landfills are available and, hence, the current knowledge mainly results from laboratory studies. Nevertheless, the assessment of the leaching characteristics of MBT materials and the evaluation of how the environmental conditions may affect the heavy metals mobility are still poorly investigated in literature. To gain deeper insight on the fundamental mechanisms governing the constituents release from MBT wastes, several leaching experiments were performed on MBT samples collected from an Italian MBT plant and the experimental results were modelled to obtain information on the long-term leachate emissions. Namely, a combination of experimental leaching tests were performed on fully-characterized MBT waste samples and the effect of different parameters, mainly pH and liquid to solid ratio (L/S,) on the compounds release was investigated by combining pH static-batch test, pH dependent tests and dynamic up-flow column percolation experiments. The obtained results showed that, even though MBT wastes were characterized by relatively high heavy metals content, only a limited amount was actually soluble and thus bioavailable. Furthermore, the information provided by the different tests highlighted the existence of a strong linear correlation between the release pattern of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and several metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn), suggesting that complexation to DOC is the leaching controlling mechanism of these elements. Thus, combining the results of batch and up-flow column percolation tests, partition coefficients between DOC and metals concentration were derived. These data, coupled with a simplified screening model for DOC release, allowed to get a very good prediction of metal release during the experiments and may provide useful indications for the evaluation of long-term emissions from this type of waste in a landfill disposal scenario. In order to complete the study on the MBT waste environmental behaviour, gas emissions from MBT waste were examined by performing different anaerobic tests. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential gas generation capacity of wastes and to assess possible implications on gas generation resulting from the different environmental conditions expected in the field. To this end, anaerobic batch tests were performed at a wide range of water contents (26-43 %w/w up to 75 %w/w on wet weight) and temperatures (from 20-25 °C up to 55 °C) in order to simulate different landfill management options (dry tomb or bioreactor landfills). In nearly all test conditions, a quite long lag-phase was observed (several months) due to the inhibition effects resulting from high concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia that highlighted a poor stability degree of the analysed material. Furthermore, experimental results showed that the initial waste water content is the key factor limiting the anaerobic biological process. Indeed, when the waste moisture was lower than 32 %w/w the methanogenic microbial activity was completely inhibited. Overall, the obtained results indicated that the operative conditions drastically affect the gas generation from MBT waste, in terms of both gas yield and generation rate. This suggests that particular caution should be paid when using the results of lab-scale tests for the evaluation of long-term behaviour expected in the field, where the boundary conditions change continuously and vary significantly depending on the climate, the landfill operative management strategies in place (e.g. leachate recirculation, waste disposal methods), the hydraulic characteristics of buried waste, the presence and type of temporary and final cover systems.

Sulla base delle previsioni a livello mondiale, il Brasile presenta buone possibilità di incremento della produzione nel settore dei rivestimenti ceramici. L'Italia è uno dei paesi leader e di riferimento per questo segmento con un prodotto di alto valore aggiunto che risulta dall'applicazione del design nella sua attività di sviluppo e di produzione. Si rileva una necessità di creazione di competenze e formazione specifica dei professionisti brasiliani per soddisfare la domanda di risorse umane di questo e di altri settori produttivi. In Brasile la formazione dei professionisti nel Design, ha attualmente una base generica, tuttavia le specificità del settore, basata sull'applicazione delle conoscenze dirette dei settori produttivi e dei territori ad essi collegati, si rende sempre più necessaria, per cui l'uso di modelli didattici di formazione direzionati a questi settori, sembra essere una domanda latente. In questo modo l'obiettivo di questa tesi è proporre un Piano Integrato di Formazione che miri a soddisfare le necessità settoriali e territoriali per quanto riguarda la creazione di competenze e la formazione delle risorse umane che operano nei settori di produzione di beni e servizi. La ricerca si è avvalsa di un approccio quanti-qualitativo applicato ed esplorativo, coinvolgendo studi teorici che hanno restituito un'analisi territoriale che abbraccia il territorio toscano in Italia e quattro stati della regione Sud e Sud-Est in Brasile; lo studio ha rilevato le differenze esistenti relativamente al Design e alla formazione, oltre a quelle dei mercati, dei produttori e dei consumatori nel settore della ceramica per rivestimenti. È stata strutturata una base teorica sulla ceramica di rivestimento considerando gli aspetti storici, artistici, tecnici e applicativi. L'analisi delle attività e delle esperienze dei centri di formazione per le professioni del Design in Italia ha permesso di avere una panoramica su modelli, contenuti, durata e attività didattiche sia locali che delle strutture di altri paesi, fornendo un quadro sulle prospettive future della formazione per il Design. È stata inoltre effettuata un'analisi delle necessità di risorse umane, rivolta alle imprese produttrici di beni e servizi di diversi settori della catena produttiva italiana e ai professionisti che attuano nell'area di sviluppo di prodotto dei settori oggetto della ricerca. Le conoscenze, i procedimenti e le tecnologie acquisite sono state raccolte ed organizzate e a partire da ciò questa ricerca ha identificato la possibilità di sviluppo di un modello di formazione che possa essere applicato a settori produttivi e territori diversi, nel caso specifico di questa tesi sono stati usati come modelli di applicazione il settore della nautica in Toscana e quello della ceramica per rivestimenti in Brasile. I dati raccolti e l'analisi degli stessi ha fornito parametri e riferimenti per un modello didattico che possa essere applicato a diversi livelli di formazione ed adattabile alle necessità territoriali e settoriali. Tale modello mira a contribuire alla formazione professionale destinata alla progettazione di prodotti e processi di qualità più elevata con risultati tangibili sull'aumento della produzione e del valore aggiunto. L'adattabilità e la versatilità di questo Piano Integrato di Formazione Design-Driven per i Sistemi Produttivi Locali dovranno rendere possibili il trasferimento di conoscenze sul Design applicato e di esperienze professionali sui settori studiati.

碩士
國立交通大學
應用藝術所
88
This supplementary material aims mainly to examine the integration of music and literature in Schumann’s "Papillon". Schumann, whose style had been deeply influenced by romanticism, regarded literary works as the framework of his music. Through observing the interrelation between music and novels, the article aims to understand "Papillon", an everchanging fantastical set of character pieces, as well as delving into the timing and characterization issues in performance interpretation.

abstract: Contemporary Chinese composers have a rich palette from which to draw inspirations of the distinctive timbres of ancient instruments, the diverse musical types, and the development of musical instruments. Zhou Long, an internationally recognized Chinese-American composer, has created a compositional style that transfers the sounds and techniques of ancient Chinese musical traditions to modern Western instruments. An examination of Zhou Long’s compositions Secluded Orchid and Spirit of Chimes demonstrates his synthesis of Chinese and Western techniques as well as cross-cultural integration. To gain a better understanding of the compositional process of these two piano trios, the author conducted a personal interview with Zhou Long on October 21, 2016, during which he provided unique insight into the influences and inspirations of these pieces. This document describes how the history of ancient Chinese music, the Chinese Cultural Revolution, as well as Zhou Long’s life and education, influenced Seclude Orchid and Spirit of Chimes. The inspirations, formal structures, harmonic language, and compositional techniques that are presented in these works are also discussed. Finally, other repertoires of Zhou Long that share similar ideas or inspirations are explored.
Dissertation/Thesis
Secluded Orchid
Spirit of Chimes
Doctoral Dissertation Music 2017

Food safety is a key objective in all the development plans of the European Union. To ensure the quality and the sustainability of the agricultural production (both intensive and extensive) a well-designed analysis strategy is needed. Climate change, precision agriculture, green revolution and industry 4.0 are areas of study that need innovative practices and approaches that aren’t possible without precise and constant process monitoring. The need for product quality assessment during the whole supply chain is paramount and cost reduction is also another constant need. Non targeted Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis is still a second-choice approach for food analysis and monitoring, one of the problems of this approach is the big amount of information returned. This kind of data needs a new and improved method of handling and analysis. Classical chemometrics practices are not well suited for this new field of study. In this thesis, we approached the problem of food fingerprinting and discrimination by the means of non-targeted NMR spectroscopy combined with modern machine learning algorithms and databases meant for the correct and easy access of data. The introduction of machine learning techniques alongside the clear benefits introduces a new layer of complexity regarding the need for trusted data sources for algorithm training and integrity, if this kind of approach proves is worth in the global market, we’ll need not only to create a good dataset, but we’ll need to be prepared to defend against also more clever attacks like adversarial machine learning attacks. Comparing the machine learning results with the classic chemometric approach we’ll highlight the strengths and the weakness of both approaches, and we’ll use them to prepare the framework needed to tackle the challenges of future agricultural productions.