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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Phytodisponibility"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Phytodisponibility"
Achour, Yosra. "Etude de la mobilité des métaux (Pb, Zn, Cd) et des métalloïdes (As, Sb) dans les sols carbonatés contaminés par les rejets miniers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2022. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2022ORLE1041_va.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis provides answers on the ecodynamics and phytoavailability of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in agricultural soils heavily contaminated by mining waste developed on a carbonated bedrock of northern Tunisia (Jebel Ressas (JRS), Jebel Hallouf (JH1) and Sidi Bouaoune (SB) in a semi-arid climate.The main contaminants in question are Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb which can respectively reach 185037 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 28,000 mg.kg-1 at (JH1), 1021 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 1,355 mg.kg-1 and 338 mg.kg-1 at (JH1).These soils are essentially made up of clays (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite), carbonates (calcite, dolomite, and hydrozincite), silicates (quartz and hemimorphite), and sulfates (barite and anglesite).The rhizospheric effect on the mobility of PTE has been investigated using kinetic test with a mixture of low molecular weight organic acids. The results showed an increase in the pH of the solution (initial pH 2.8) up to near neutrality, leading to the dissolution of carbonates. Our results suggest that the most extractable elements are Cd and Zn and to a lesser extent Pb. an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively, was observed. for metalloids (As and Sb) their extractibility was relatively low with the exception of the soils of Jebel Hallouf and Sidi Bouaouane, with an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively.For the determination of the forms of the PTE in soils, two methods of sequential extractions were applied (BCR and Maiz). Jointly, the total dissolved concentration in pore waters, the labile fraction (DGT probes) and the absorption by plants (barley and peas) were measured in order to study the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of two sites post-mining (Jebel Hallouf - Sidi Bouaouane and Jebel Ressas).Our résultats showed that the PTE in the mobile and mobilisable fraction(Maiz scheme) of the soils are low compared to their total concentrations. The BCR scheme revealed that most of the PTE are bound to the residual fraction with the exception of Zn at JRS which is much more concentrated in the exchangeable fraction. An exception was also observed for Pb in JH(1) and JH(2) soils where it was distributed evenly in the exchangeable, oxidizable and residual fractions, the percentage of which varies between 23 % and 32 %.The response of plants to these contaminants shows that peas and barley have accumulated TPE levels exceeding the levels absorbed by plants in control soils.Total dissolved concentrations soil power water as well as concentrations measured by DGT are not correlated with primary plant leaf content. This result is explained by the fact that the concentrations of PTE accumulated in the plants are higher than those available in the power waters and that the replenishment of the solid phase is practically negligible.The risk of transfer of PTE to water was studied by percolation in saturated conditions in soil columns reproducing the surface profile. A progressive decrease in the redox potential related to the concentration of organic carbon in the soil induced an increase in the mobility of arsenic probably related to the microbial reduction of iron oxides
Massoura, Stamatia. "Spéciation et phytodisponibilité du nickel dans les sols". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL009N.
Texto completoThis thesis relates to the study of parameters which influence the dynamic of nickel and its radionuclide 63 Ni in soils. At the Saille time, the study of the chemical and biological characteriza- tion of these elements availability in the soils is done. The available pool of Ni and 63 Ni (chemical estimation) was measured by chemical and isotopic methods and soil incubations; by evaluating the interest and limits of each roethod. The factors which influence the mobility of metal in soils were thus determined. With through this study, we showed that the bio- and phyto-availability of Ni depend on the soil mineralogy, on the soil weathering, on the type of metal associations with the mineraIs, and on the quantitative presence of these mineraIs. The transfer of Ni and 63 N i from the soil to the plant depends on the metal availability in the soil and on the roots behaviour to the soil offe1, in relation to the strategies of hyperaccumulation, accumulation or exclusion of N z. Plants are able to modify the metal availability in soils by influencing the sorption processes of Ni from the solid phase to the soil solution. They are also able to change the speciation of Ni in solu- tion however the majority form of Ni in the soil solution was N i2+. Hyperaccumulators regulate Ni and 63 N i concentration in soil solution and their migration to the ground water. If the physico-chemical properties of soils, the pollutant availability and the choice of the hyperaccumulators are taken into account, the se plants are able to decrease and control durably the ecotoxicological effects of trace elements and radionuclides contamination in soils
Layet, Clément. "Phytodisponibilité des nanomatériaux et impact sur le prélèvement d'éléments traces métalliques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0630/document.
Texto completoA nanomaterial (NM) is an object with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm. This gives specific properties, different compared to their micrometric counterparts. New industrial applications implied an increasing production since the 2000’s. Soil is one the main compartment where NMs are accumulating during their life cycle.This work aimed at studying the bioavailability for plants (phytoavailability) of NMs, depending on NMS properties (chemical nature, size, shape, surface coating), on environmental parameters (physicochemical properties of soils), and on plant species (monocotyledon vs dicotyledon).We adapted a biotest, initially used to assess the phytoavailability of metals: the RHIZOtest. This biotest is able to compare phytoavailability of different plants with the same contact area between soils and plants via a membrane, which allows an easier harvest of roots without soil particles.Using the RHIZOtest, we were able to determine the influence of the chemical nature, size, shape and coating of NMs, using CeO2, Ag0, and TiO2 NMs, with concentration exposure close to the one predicted by environmental modeling. We also demonstrated that soil texture had a significant impact on phytoavailablity of nanomaterials.The use of RHIZOtest allowed us to describe the effects of several environmental parameters at exposure concentration close to the ones predicted in soil. The RHIZOtest can be used as a tool to deign NNs for a controlled phytoavailability or for predicting the transfer in trophic chain as a function of the soil
Caille, Nathalie. "Mobilité et phytodisponibilité du mercure dans des dépôts de sédiments de curage". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL027N.
Texto completoTailliez, Antoine. "Effet de l’exsudation de citrate chez le lupin blanc sur la phytodisponibilité de l’uranium". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4335/document.
Texto completoThe present study is related to the context of pedosphere contamination increasing and chose to consider this issue through a focus on rhizosphere and mechanisms that govern its evolution. This work is oriented on the relation between uranium – a non-essential ubiquitous metal – and citrate – a low molecular weight organic acid exudated by specific species when grown on a phosphorus-deficient environment. Among these particular species white lupine (Lupinus albus) is considered as a model species. Furthermore, a natural soil containing huge amounts of uranium has been collected at the outcrop of a pitchblende vein and used during some experiments. The main aim of this PhD thesis was to determine if the root activity of white lupine is sufficient to cause the remobilization of uranium into soil solution and so to promote the transfer of this contaminant to the plant. The soil/plant system has been studied with rhizotests and by combining datas obtained with hydroponics experiments and batches tests. It has been demonstrated that the presence of uranium in a controlled growth medium (hydropony) stimulates citrate exudation in P-sufficient white lupine. More, this citrate exudation enhances uranium solubilization in soil solution in batches. These results have been confirmed by observations on rhizotest even if the values in this case were more nuanced. This justifies the employed approaches and highlights their coherence and complementarity. The results also allowed to provide additional information concerning uranium toxicity, its internalization in root cells as well as its transfer from roots to aerial parts
Denys, Sébastien. "Prédiction de la phytodisponibilité de deux radionucléides (63 NI et 99 TC) dans les sols". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL575N.
Texto completoCornu, Jean-Yves. "Evolution temporelle de la concentration de Cd²⁺ en solution de sol au cours d'une culture végétale : impact sur l'exposition racinaire". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13516.
Texto completoThe contamination of soils by trace elements constitutes a danger for human health, notably through the contamination of the food chain. Cadmium (Cd) is particularly dangerous because of its high toxicity to man for the long term (source INRS) and its high transfer capacity from the soil to the edible parts of plants. Thus, the development of tools which are able to predict the soil-plant transfer of Cd is desirable. It requires the understanding and the modelling of the transfer of Cd from the soil to the plant root. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify and to prioritize the physico-chemical parameters, and the related processes, that affect the Cd2+ concentration in soil solution over a culture period. This work confirmed the difficulties in evaluating the speciation of Cd in natural solutions. It put into evidence strong temporal changes in solution Cd2+ concentration, in relation with the localized establishment of anaerobic conditions in soil. Microbial denitrification emerged as a major process in controlling the concentration of Cd2+ in soil solution over time, its impact on the solution ionic strength conditioning the desorption of Cd from the solid phase. The integration of the temporal variations in Cd2+ concentration through the calculation of the root exposure to solution Cd improved the prediction of the uptake of Cd by plant roots
Marcato, Claire-Emmanuelle. "Origine, devenir et impact du cuivre et du zinc des lisiers porcins : Rôle de la digestion anaérobie". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7655/1/marcato.pdf.
Texto completoDiyab, Chaden. "Influence des plantes (pois et tomate) et des amendements phosphatés (solide ou soluble) sur la spéciation et la phytodisponibilité des métaux (Pb et Zn) dans un sol contaminé par les retombées atmosphériques d' une usine pyrométallurgique". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066132.
Texto completoBouziri, Lamia. "Rétention et phytodisponibilité du Cadmium dans le sol : interactions avec l'activité microbienne et le cycle de la matière organique". Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30015.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Phytodisponibility"
Lebrun, Manhattan, Florie Miard, Sullivan Renouard, Romain Nandillon, Gabriella S. Scippa, Domenico Morabito y Sylvain Bourgerie. "Capabilities of Fe-Functionalized Biochar to Decrease Soil Pb and As Phytodisponibility". En The 4th World Congress on New Technologies. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icepr18.133.
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