Tesis:

1

Petrie, Kirsten. "Gender construction in New Zealand physical education". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Sciences and Physical Education, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2870.

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This study investigates how teacher beliefs, programmes and practices contribute to gender construction, within co-educational secondary schools, in New Zealand. It explores how physical education teaching practices support and reinforce socially desirable forms of masculinity and femininity. The research utilises interviews with teachers and students in co-educational secondary schools in the Canterbury region. Students and teachers offer narratives surrounding the gendered beliefs and practices that are inherent in physical education classes. The evidence presented represents the collaborative ideas of four teachers and twenty students. The discussion investigates the nature of teacher beliefs surrounding the development of gender, and examines the hidden curriculum that supports the replication and legitimisation of socially desirable forms of masculinity and femininity. In particular, it examines teachers' understandings of masculinity and femininity, the hierarchies and different expectations of achievement and behaviour that exist in physical education classes. It examines how changes in physical education programmes, have challenged explicit issues relating to gender, while hidden messages have not been addressed. Lastly the discussion reflects on the reasons why gender constructions go unchallenged, and provides insight into possible avenues to instigate change. This research indicates how gender continues to be constructed due to the hidden curriculum that is operationalised by teachers and students in physical education classes. It suggests strategies that would assist in changing and challenging the gender construction in physical education. Finally, the study concludes that in order for gender construction to be reduced within from the physical education classroom the physical education sector must strive to challenge existing ideologies and develop practices that allow and provide for a diverse range of masculinities and femininities.

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2

Marsh, Louise y n/a. "Physical aggression among high school students in New Zealand". University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080710.115418.

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Recent New Zealand (NZ) research found rates of physical fighting and weapon carrying among high school students in Dunedin were equal to that of rates for the United States (US). The NZ Government has identified violence as a priority health issue. However, NZ is lacking information on the prevalence of the problem, and the identification of factors which may provide clues for prevention. The current understanding of the social context in which physical aggression takes place, has focused on risk factors that are present in the adolescents� ecological frame. Emerging protective factors are increasingly being recognised as major determinants that can moderate the adverse effects of risk factors. However, little research into protective factors has been conducted in NZ. The aim of this thesis was to investigate physical aggression among adolescents in NZ. This was explored through four in-depth studies: i) a national survey of secondary school principals and counsellors ii) focus groups with students in Otago; iii) an online survey with students in Otago and iv) a survey with teachers in Otago. The national survey of secondary school principals and counsellors points to a degree of concern about physical violence in NZ. One in ten reported fights occurred frequently, and over a quarter of principals and over one third of counsellors reported that at least one student at their school had been caught carrying a weapon. Focus groups with Otago adolescents indicated that fights often began as verbal disagreements escalating to physical fights, that a fight should be defined as serious as opposed to a play fight; and differences were also found between fighting at school and outside of school. Participants suggested that items may be reported as weapons, even though they are not being carried for such purposes. Previous estimates of aggressive behaviours may have been unjustifiably high and possibly hid signifcant differences in the nature of the aggression being reported. A quantitative cross-sectional online survey was undertaken with Otago secondary school students, and confirmed that physical aggression among NZ adolescents is a significant problem. Mutivariate analyses identified the school as an important factor in the social system of adolescents; in particular feeling safe, not feeling alienated and being treated fairly. The results highlighted the need to concentrate on strategies that improve students� positive engagement with school as a means to reduce physical aggression. The final study of Otago secondary school teachers showed that while teachers did not consider physical aggression as a major problem in their schools, they did report frequent occurrences of physical fighting. Respondents also reported some teachers experienced significant physical aggression from students. Physical aggression among NZ adolescents is a significant public health problem that needs addressing. This behaviour impacts directly on the education offered to students, the safety of the environment in which learning takes place, and the stress of the work place for teachers. This thesis has identified school engagement as the most promising protective factors for young people against involvement in physical aggression.

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3

Kozlonskie, Laura M. "Physics and chemistry for pre-secondary students in New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5926.

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In 1996 we set out to show that primary teachers could teach the new physical science curriculum with no further training if they had the right books. We searched the literature for didactics which had been shown to positively impact learning so that we could incorporate those features into any books we would make. We conducted a pilot project for which we wrote and printed 30 workbooks for one activity. Next, we sent out a book survey to find what books were available for the subject in New Zealand at that time. Simultaneously, we scoured Europe, Asia and North America for good lesson material. We found material which incorporated the didactic criteria from our literature search and adapted some of it for our study, producing about 12,000 guided workbooks for each of the last four pre-secondary years, 3000 for each age nine to twelve. The books were made available to all New Zealand schools. Two groups of about 12 teachers each formally trialled the books. One group answered questionnaires and the other kept action research journals. Both groups confirmed the principal research premise- teaching hours increased with no further training. Once good books were in hand other problems became apparent. A nationwide resources survey revealed a lack of equipment and other problems such as poor classroom design, awkward grouping of children of different ages and abilities, lack of time, dysfunctional open plan classes of 100 pupils, two-year teaching cycles, competition from free resource packs, and lack of support material such as videos. From this study it can be concluded that the books made a positive impact for teaching physical science. The books gave teachers an international standard of lessons to work from. It was shown by this study that a teacher with no background in physics or chemistry can teach primary physical science at an international standard once good books are in hand as long as poor equipment, space and facilities are not too serious a set of impediments.

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4

Foley, Louise Sherwyn. "Sedentary behaviour and physical activity in New Zealand children : Intervention and measurement". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/8291.

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Background: Increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary behaviour is important for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Interventions to decrease sedentary behaviour (primarily sedentary screen-time) in children have had success in reducing screentime, increasing physical activity and improving body composition. Active video games, where players physically interact with on-screen images, are a promising intervention for reducing sedentary behaviour and increasing physical activity. However, there is a dearth of intervention research. Furthermore, research is limited by difficulties in accurately measuring these behaviours. Aim: To examine new approaches for intervention in, and measurement of, sedentary behaviour and physical activity in New Zealand children. Method: Two complementary studies were undertaken. The first was a large (n=322) randomised controlled trial that examined the effect of a 24 week active video games intervention on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and body composition in overweight and obese children. The second was a validation (n=32) of a self-report tool used to quantify daily energy expenditure, sedentary behaviour and physical activity in children. Doubly labelled water and accelerometry were used as the validation standards for energy expenditure and behaviour, respectively. Results: The first study found a significant treatment effect for body mass index over 24 weeks (-0.24kg/m2, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.05, p=0.02), favouring the intervention group. Overall levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour did not change; however intervention participants reported playing more active video games (10.03 minutes, 95% CI 6.26. to 13.81, p<0.0001), and less sedentary video games (-9.39 minutes, 95% CI -19.38 to 0.59; p=0.07) than control. In the second study, the self-report tool indicated moderate validity for the assessment of total daily energy expenditure (rho=0.70, p<0.0001) and activity-related energy expenditure (rho=0.54, p=0.001) compared to the criterion standard of doubly labelled water. Compared to accelerometry, the self-report tool indicated moderate validity for the assessment of time spent in physical activity (rho=0.42, p=0.02) and weak validity for the assessment of time spent in sedentary behaviour (0.20, p=0.30). Conclusion: Active video games may be useful to promote a healthy weight in overweight or obese children. The self-report tool may be used in future sedentary behaviour intervention research.
Whole document restricted until Sep. 2012, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.

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5

Anastas, Alexis Sotir. "Physical sedimentology of the Cenozoic Te Kuiti Group limestones, North Island, New Zealand". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq22440.pdf.

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6

Thorn, Sandra Anne. "Olympism Education:Teaching and learning Olympism in a New Zealand secondary physical education programme". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4537.

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As a physical education teacher educator and Olympic educator I have become conscious that many physical education teachers have heard of Olympism, but are confused about what it encompasses. Furthermore they are challenged to understand how to teach Olympism in their physical education programmes. The potential of the educative and social value of Olympism is, as yet, unfulfilled. My study is about the content knowledge teachers require for teaching Olympism, the successful pedagogies they use, and the meanings that students derive from putting Olympism into action within, and outside of, the gymnasium. My qualitative case study uses teacher and student interviews, and observations to gather data as it follows the teaching and learning of Olympism in the Year 9 physical education programme of a New Zealand secondary school. In my attempt to understand what teachers need to know and do to make Olympism a reality in physical education programmes I have drawn on aspects of Shulman‟s (1987) seminal framework of teacher knowledge, to understand the content knowledge needed for teaching Olympism, the pedagogical content knowledge required, and the knowledge of students and their characteristics as they learn about Olympism. My findings reveal that teachers require various forms of content knowledge to teach Olympism, such as knowledge of students and their needs, a clear definition of Olympism for the setting, Olympism as a personal life-stance, ethical situations in games, and a holistic physical education curriculum. Pedagogies that the teachers used were found to be the transformation of Olympism into manageable concepts for teaching, the use of experiential and social teaching models in games contexts, and the extensive use of questioning and discussion strategies to develop critical thinking. Evidence shows the range of the students‟ learning, and the development of deeper meanings of Olympism. The students regarded the teacher as a role model of Olympism, and varied in their ability to transfer Olympism understandings into their wider lives. My detailed account of how teachers understand and teach Olympism, and the extent to which students apply their knowledge in class and beyond, offers a practical example of what Olympic education can look like when it has Olympism at its core. Such teaching I have named Olympism education.

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7

Wild, Michelle Anne. "Growth dynamics of braided gravel-bed river deltas in New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Dept of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8456.

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This research has been undertaken to further our knowledge of decade-to-century timescale braided, gravel-bed river delta growth dynamics. The study included: a review of available literature; field studies; the development of microscale models for two study deltas; and the development of a simple numerical model incorporating movement of braided river channels across a delta topset (varying the location of sediment delivery to the delta). Results from the microscale modelling showed that successful physical modelling requires well-defined fixed boundaries and, ideally, good historical aerial photography for the estimation of the model time scale. A complex braided gravel-bed river delta system composed of two merging deltas entering a deep, low-energy receiving basins was able to be successfully modelled to provide valuable information on delta growth dynamics. However, a microscale model of a delta prograding into shallow receiving basins, with a large supply of fine sediment, was more difficult to calibrate and assess (partly due to limited field data), and was considered less reliable. The simple rule-based numerical model ‘DELGROW’, developed to simulate a braided river system entering a deep, low-energy body of water, requires a known sediment supply rate, as well as information on the braided river topography, submerged delta foreset, and lakebed bathymetry. Unlike simple 1-d width-averaged geometric models, DELGROW takes into consideration barriers (e.g. islands) as well as relatively complex converging braided river delta configurations. By changing the sediment supply, or modifying the river system, the response of the river system to various scenarios can also be assessed. Microscale models and DELGROW appear to realistically simulate decade-to-century timescale growth of braided gravel-bed river deltas entering a deep, low-energy, receiving basin. Both of these modelling methods initially use the supplied sediment to try and eliminate any riverbed irregularities (e.g. low areas), before continuing to advance and deposit sediment in a more evenly-distributed manner, whilst taking into consideration irregularities due to barriers, and asymmetric sediment sources such as merging deltas. Neither model can reliably predict locations of bank erosion, or channel avulsions that divert flow and sediment outside of the fixed model boundaries.

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8

Patel, Asmita. "The green prescription and New Zealand older adults: Motives, benefits and barriers". AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/998.

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Despite empirical evidence for the health-related benefits of physical activity, a large proportion of older adults are insufficiently active. In New Zealand, the Green Prescription is the nationwide physical activity scripting programme. The Green Prescription has been found to be effective in increasing physical activity in previously low-active and sedentary adults. However, more information is required about the efficacy of Green Prescription use with older adults. The present research examined participants' views and experiences of physical activity counseling via the conventional Green Prescription and a modified pedometer-based Green Prescription. Both versions of the Green Prescription were effective in increasing and maintaining physical activity over a 12-month period. Demographic factors were found to significantly influence perceived barriers and motives for physical activity regardless of type of Green Prescription administered.

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9

Mongillo, M. A. (Mike A. ). 1949. "Remote sensing techniques for geothermal investigation and monitoring in New Zealand". Thesis, University of Auckland, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2141.

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This thesis examines the use of remote sensing techniques for the investigation and monitoring of geothermal areas in the Taupo volcanic zone of New Zealand. The research and development of a helicopter-borne video thermal infrared scanner technique and associated computer image processing methods constitutes the major portion of this study. In addition, preliminary results are presented from a related shallow ground temperature study conducted to investigate diurnal, seasonal and meteorological effects on temperatures in active thermal ground and results from a precursory assessment of SPOT-l satellite multispectral imagery obtained over the Waiotapu Geothermal Field for detecting, identifying and mapping characteristic geothermal surface features are also reported. The initial conduct of two video thermal IR scanner test surveys, one using an Inframetrics 525 over portions of the Rotorua Geothermal Field, the other using a FLIR 1000A over portions of the Wairakei-Tauhara Geothermal Field, demonstrated that imagery useful for basic geothermal feature mapping could be obtained in the late summer to early autumn period. Surveying during the hours around dusk was shown to be appropriate. Experimentation established instrument operating settings and defined nominal survey parameters. The real-time video imagery format proved useful as an aid to navigation and as a check on proper instrument set-up and operation- The helicopter platform provided valuable manoeuvrability and control. The results obtained from these two initial surveys aided development of survey design and conduct methodology. The video imagery obtained with both the Inframetrics and FLIR scanners was compatible with New Zealand's PAL standard- Visual TV-VCR inspection of the IR imagery allowed easy identification of a range of natural thermal features. Identification of cultural features aided location of the thermal anomalies. The Inframetrics imagery suffered from serious banding and other minor problems. The FLIR imagery was of a generally higher quality, though it exhibited problems. The fundamental ability to digitize images from the videotapes and apply powerful computer image processing techniques to aid interpretation and analysis was demonstrated. A methodology for pre-processing and enhancing the digitized Inframetrics and FLIR images was developed. Application of these image processing techniques brought out detail unavailable in the grey-level imagery and greatly increased interpretation ability. The demonstrated success of the first two test surveys led to the conduct of the first known large-scale video thermal IR scanner surveys of geothermal fields. Most details of the first of these ate confidential (at the client's request). A complete range of geothermal features was detected and easily recognised and their distribution established thus providing a much more detailed map of the geothermal activity than was previously available. The successful results attained confirmed the survey design and conduct methodology used. The second and largest survey covered the entire Rotorua Geothermal Field (l8 km2). Imagery was obtained with both the Inframetrics and FLIR IR scanners and a visible wavelength video camera. Extensive ground control measurements were made. This comprehensive survey of geothermal activity established a baseline from which change can be monitored The survey identified large scale seepage and submerged thermal input into Lake Rotorua which may be the source of known missing chloride. The first geothermal surface feature changes were identified, thus demonstrating the usefulness of the method for monitoring change. Preliminary image temperature calibration results were obtained and a procedure for constructing visible wavelength-thermal IR composite images was developed. The positive results demonstrated by this survey have led to the helicopter-borne video thermal IR technique being adopted for major geothermal feature mapping and monitoring programmes in New Zealand. Preliminary assessment of the high spatial resolution (20m) SPOT-1 multispectral imagery of the Waiotapu Geothermal Field. showed that the larger geothermal surface features can be detected and identified on a contrast stretched, 3-band colour composite image. A shallow (≤ 1m depth) ground temperature measurement site was established in an area extending from very active to near ambient conditions. Preliminary results show that temperature variations ranging from l-19 °C can occur in the most active ground. These temperature variations exhibit a strong negative correlation with atmospheric prcss111e changes and can introduce large, unexpected inaccuracies in ground temperature measurements.

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10

Youngson, John Hughan y n/a. "Physical and chemical processes affecting the formation of alluvial gold deposits in Central Otago, New Zealand". University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071108.160736.

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Alluvial gold placers in Otago and northern Southland occur at several stratigraphic horizons within the Late Cretaceous - Recent sedimentary sequence. The gold is derived ultimately from primary sources in the Otago Schist. Poor correlation between the distribution of placers and that of the known primary deposits reflects repeated recycling of gold in the present drainage network and two precursor networks, each with substantially different architecture. The previous drainage networks were inundated and buried during marine or lacustrine transgression. There has been local addition of first cycle gold and immature detritus during each recycling phase. Most of the placer deposits are fluvial in origin but colluvial placers occur locally along the margins of several Central Otago ranges. Aeolian placers and marine placers are rare. Most of the gold in placers north of the Caples/Torlesse Terrane boundary is Au-Ag alloy, except in vicinity of the Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone, where α-Au-Ag-Hg alloy is also present. Conversely, α-Au-Ag-Hg alloy dominates in placers south of the Caples/Torlesse Terrane boundary, except those whose headwaters lie, or lay, in the Torlesse Terrane. These systems that cross the terrane boundary contain Au-Ag and Au-Ag-Hg alloys in the reach downstream of the boundary, and placers with their source in Aspiring Lithologic Association also contain both alloys. Textural and compositional maturity of the placer host generally increase with decreasing age, reach maxima at the Waipounamu Erosion Surface, and generally decrease in tandem with age above this surface. Exceptions occur in northern Southland, where quartz pebble conglomerate placers are actively forming. Fluvial quartz pebble conglomerate placers have not formed in a single sedimentary cycle. Instead, they have formed from precursor sediment where a high water table drives alteration of the labile component, and when uplift and erosion rates, topography and stream gradients are all sufficiently low to drive sedimentary recycling without significant input of low-grade basement detritus. The maturity of pre-marine examples (Taratu, Papakaio and Hogburn Formations) was enhanced by wave-reworking before final inundation during marine transgression. Colluvial placers in alluvial fans at the margins of Quaternary schist antiforms are repeatedly recycled into younger fan sediments during range growth. These ranges grow in width, as well as length and height, at the expense of the intervening basins, which become progressively narrower. The colluvial placers are ultimately reworked into a fluvial placer in an axial river between two ranges, which concentrates all of the colluvial gold into an incised channel once the widening ranges meet. Aeolian placers have formed from fluvial precursors in the semi-arid parts of the rain shadow east of the Southern Alps, particularly on the lower slope of ranges exposed to westerly winds. Silcrete and less common greywacke ventifacts are commonly associated with these placers. Progressive changes in gold particle shape by flattening during transport in fluvial systems has been the most important process in the concentration of gold in placers. Flattening changes the hydrodynamic behaviour of gold particles by increasing their surface area to volume ratio, thereby making them easier to entrain and enabling transport to lower energy parts of the fluvial system. Gold particle flatness determines whether transport or concentration occurs and there is a predictable relationship between particle flatness and transport distance. This relationship explains the typical occurrence of placers immediately downstream of terminal moraines, the confluence with steeper tributary streams and the mouth of incised gorges. In each case, gold with sub-critical flatness is deposited from a higher energy system or reach into a lower energy system or reach, and must be flattened to a critical state before further transport can occur. Chemical mobility of gold in groundwater occurs during uplift, commonly in association with sedimentary recycling. Secondary gold overgrowths are common in some placers and stitch or overgrow transport-induced features such as folds and abrasion marks. Chemical mobilisation and re-precipitation of gold is of minor importance, however, and results in volumetrically insignificant amounts of secondary gold. Increases in gold grain size upward through the section on both the local and the regional scale does not result from gold 'growth', but instead from preservation of progressively more proximal reaches of the host placers with decreasing age.

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11

Bainbridge, Rupert. "Lost landslides : rock-avalanche occurrence and fluvial censoring processes on South Island, New Zealand". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/32621/.

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Rock-avalanches (RAs) are a large (typically > 106 m3) and extremely rapid (30 - >100 m/s) type of landslide. RAs pose a significant hazard as they can runout over long distances and generate secondary hazards such as tsunami and unstable, cross-valley dams. Previous research on the distribution of rock-avalanche deposits (RADs) on the South Island, New Zealand has suggested that there are fewer deposits than would be expected for a seismically active, high-mountain region. This is due to their removal from the sedimentary record (censoring) by fluvial erosion, glacial entrainment, vegetation cover, sub-aqueous occlusion and deposit misidentification. Censoring of deposits skews magnitude-frequency relationships of RA occurrence and hinders hazard planning. This research examines processes acting to fluvially censor RADs on the South Island. 268 known, and 47 possible RADs were identified to provide the first RAD inventory for the entire South Island. The temporal distribution of RADs indicates censoring of the record over the Holocene. >500 year intervals exist between RA events from 12,000 to 2,000 years ago; a more complete record is shown for the last 1,000 to 100 years with intervals of > 50 - < 150 years. The last 100 years shows phases of co-seismic RAD generation, a period of RAD quiescence and a recent increase in aseismic RAD occurrence. The spatial distribution of RADs suggests that the West Coast, Fiordland and Nelson could have experienced fluvial censoring of deposits. The sediment routing characteristics of catchments in these regions, where the majority of rivers have direct pathways from RADs to the ocean, suggest that fluvially reworked RAD material could be stored within alluvial flats and braidplains. Agglomerate grains (microscopic grains which are diagnostic of RAs) were used to identify fluvially reworked RAD material. Grains were detected in dam-breach flood terraces up to 1km downstream of known RADs. Contemporary river sediment samples showed no agglomerate presence, this suggests that 1) agglomerates break down under extended fluvial transport, 2) they are not supplied to river systems outside of flood events, 3) agglomerates become diluted by other river sediment or 4) they become buried in discrete sedimentary layers. In order to investigate the redistribution of coarse RAD material within South Island rivers, a micro-scale flume model was developed. Using ultra-violet sand as a novel analogue for a RAD, the redistribution of material through an idealised South Island catchment could be examined. The model showed that RAD material is deposited in discrete aggradational layers in dam proximal locations. Downstream, the sedimentary signal is rapidly diluted by ordinary river sediment flux. The research shows that the RAD record for the South Island is incomplete and that fluvial censoring is prevalent within the West Coast, Nelson and Fiordland. The agglomerate tracing method can be used to identify the presence of RADs in fluvial systems proximal to RADs but the signal is undetectable after ~1km from the deposit. Both field sampling and flume modelling show that localised flood derived aggradational layers, close to deposit locations, will archive reworked RAD material. These results have important implications for understanding the magnitude and frequency of RADs within New Zealand and other similar high-mountain, tectonically active regions of the globe.

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12

Aman, Mohd Salleh. "Leisure policy in New Zealand and Malaysia: a comparative study of developments in sport and physical recreation". Lincoln University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1768.

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This comparative study assessed the usefulness of the convergence thesis as a tool for understanding developments in leisure, recreation and sport in New Zealand and Malaysia. The study examined the interrelationship between 'global' and 'local' or 'contingent' factors and their impact upon leisure behaviour, leisure policy and leisure structures. 'Local' factors included institutional arrangements (notably political ones) and national cultural practices. A social history of New Zealand and Malaysia with particular reference to leisure, sport and recreation and national cultural practices was provided as a context for discussion of these issues. The study utilised a mixture of archival and library research and semi-structured interview, and was guided by an explicit comparative framework, concentrating on the development of leisure, sport and recreation in the two countries between 1970 and 2002. Interviews with 'key players' in both countries captured valuable data in the form of 'insiders' views' on leisure behaviour, policy and structure. These data were analysed with the relevance of the convergence thesis in mind. This study shows that contemporary leisure behaviour in New Zealand and Malaysia is shaped by the media and is highly commercialised, placing a high value on entertainment, and involves increasingly passive forms of participation. Informal sport and individualised recreational activities are replacing organised team-based sports in popularity. Leisure behaviour trends have led governments in both countries to encourage greater participation in sport and physical activity and to encourage private sector ventures into leisure-related products, services and infra-structures in the form of private-public partnerships. In terms of leisure policy, developments in leisure, recreation and, noticeably, sport, in Malaysia and New Zealand have been shaped by the wider agendas of the governing political parties. This is particularly noticeable at central government level. Individual political leaders in both countries have been influential in setting leisure-related policy. They had the vision to see that sport in particular might serve wider, national interests and that investments in sport could help raise the profiles of their countries in international markets and among trading organisations and the regulatory bodies that oversee trading practices. Malaysian and New Zealand governments seek to make leisure, sport and recreation policy supportive of other priorities. In Malaysia, the government legitimises its control over the policies which affect people's lives by appeals to Islamic principles and the need to put collective needs of nation building ahead of individual concerns for freedom. In terms of institutional, political, arrangements, this impacts at both central and local government levels in Malaysia. New Zealand, following a pluralist, Westminster, tradition of political representation, experiences regular changes in political management at central government level and a system of local government whereby local autonomy is jealously protected. Malaysia has resisted 'the global', by virtue of the nation-building policies of the Barisan Nasional, which has been in power since 1957. New Zealand's 'resistance' stems in part at least from the autonomy which local government enjoys. These experiences demonstrate that resistance to 'global' change can take varied forms at the 'local', contingent, level (Thorns, 1992). Differences in leisure structures reflect, once again, different agendas stemming from different political arrangements. The Malaysian government's approach is multi-Ministry, and micro-managed. In New Zealand, a 'hands off' approach via a quasi-autonomous non-government organisation (‘Quango'), became the favoured means of structuring central government leisure provision in the 1980s and 1990s. This was with a view to encouraging stability and consistency in leisure policy and provision in a pluralistic political system. Overall, and 'cautiously', this study provided support for the convergence thesis as a way to explain development in leisure, recreation and sport in New Zealand and Malaysia over the past 32 years. Although institutional arrangements and national cultural practices have provided some resistance to convergence processes, changing consumer sentiments may weaken such resistance in future.

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13

Fyall, Glenn. "Graduating student teachers' beliefs regarding the philosophy and pedagogy of physical education within the New Zealand curriculum". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Sciences and Physical Education, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7272.

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In the mid to late 1990’s, physical education curriculum writers in New Zealand challenged the dominant skill mastery approach that was omnipresent in secondary school physical education. The resulting curriculum documents, Health & Physical Education (HPE) within the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education [MOE], 1999) and its revision, the New Zealand Curriculum (NZC) (MOE, 2007), reflected a critical/humanistic position with much broader curricular aims and objectives. This presented many challenges for Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) programmes in New Zealand, where it is contested that students entering teacher education programmes do so with strongly held beliefs that may be difficult to alter. These entrenched beliefs have the potential to act as filters through which PETE students acquire knowledge and, therefore, may hinder their ability to consider other views of teaching and learning. Research suggests that unless these historical personal beliefs are challenged, teacher education programmes may be considered as weak interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the beliefs of a cohort of graduating physical education teachers around the philosophy and pedagogy inherent in the NZC (MOE, 2007), having recently completed a four year critically oriented PETE programme. A mixed methods (MM) design was employed in the study. A quantitative survey questionnaire preceded a series of qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted on five purposively selected participants. The survey questionnaire was used to identify any inconsistencies between the participants’ beliefs and the intentions reflected in the curriculum document and the supporting literature. An emphasis was placed on the qualitative phase of the study, which investigated the key areas of interest identified in the survey questionnaire. Interview data was then analysed using the process of constant comparison. Analysis revealed that the PETE programme may have had some impact on the philosophical and pedagogical beliefs of the graduating students, and may have encouraged the participants to explore personal philosophical positions and question particular decisions regarding their personal beliefs. However, further examination revealed that the participants were still grappling with the philosophical underpinnings of the HPE learning area and the pedagogical approaches promoted to support its implementation. This research supports the notion that unless historical beliefs about teaching and learning are deliberately and coherently challenged and confronted through PETE programme content and pedagogy, these entrenched beliefs may indeed act as knowledge filters and prevent graduates from making more informed decisions about differing conceptualisations of physical education curriculum and practice.

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14

Hocking, Michael W. A. "The Calypso hydrothermal vent field: The seafloor expression of an active submarine low-sulphidation epithermal system, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27852.

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The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) is an area of extensive volcanism and geothermal activity in the North Island of New Zealand. The Calypso Hydrothermal Vent Field (CHVF) is located in an offshore extension of the TVZ on continental shelf, approximately 10 km southwest of the White Island subaerial volcano, at 180-200 m water depth in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Active, moderate temperature (up to 201°C) hydrothermal venting is contained within the Whakatane Graben, a northeast trending depression that has been partially filled by tephra from regional, subaerial volcanic eruptions. Venting of hydrothermal fluid through the volcaniclastic material has led to a varied and geographically distinct assemblage of alteration mineral phases in 4 vent fields in an area of approximately 50 km2. Carbon dioxide is the primary gas phase measured at active vent sites; sulfur is present as reduced H2S gas. The North Vent Field (NVF) is the original site of hydrothermal venting reported at Calypso. Weakly lithified volcaniclastic material recovered from this site has been altered primarily to montmorillonite, a dioctahedral smectite clay; minor mixed-layer clays were also detected. Native sulfur is spatially associated with the pervasively clay-altered samples, and is observed cementing volcaniclastic particles and filling primary pore spaces. Anhydrite mounds were also observed in the NVF. The principal hydrothermal alteration phase at the Southeast Vent Field (SEVF) and the Southwest Vent Field (SWVF) is amorphous silica which has filled the pore spaces between volcaniclastic particles and has overprinted early barite, minor clay, and native sulfur mineral phases. Cinnabar, stibnite, and amorphous arsenic sulfides form crusts on the outer surfaces of the samples as well as filling fractures, and forming inclusions within pyrite-silica veins. Textural relationships indicate volatile metal As, Sb, and Hg deposition is contemporaneous with silica precipitation. Clay-altered, sulfur-rich samples were also recovered from the Southeast and Southwest Vent Fields (SEVF, SWVF) but are volumetrically subordinate to the silica alteration facies. Several volcaniclastic samples from this site contained liquid hydrocarbon and charcoal fragments. A similar juxtaposition of alteration phases is observed in active geothermal environments in the subaerial portion of the TVZ (e.g., Waiotapu, Broadlands-Ohaaki). Where fluid conduits intersect the surface, near-neutral pH, chloride water will precipitate silica sinter with elevated volatile metal concentration +/- precious metals. Sinter deposits are characterized by a terraced morphology of opal precipitates and define the paleosurface in fossil epithermal systems. Such deposits have not been reported in the submarine environment. However, locations with high silica concentration, "sinter-like" material, and anomalous Hg-Sb-As concentrations have been described. At the Calypso field volcaniclastic material is cemented by amorphous silica similar to the silicified stratigraphy observed below silica sinter in some fossil epithermal deposits. The CO2 and H2S gas present in the hydrothermal fluid rise to areas of elevated topography peripheral to the sinter. Mixing of CO2 with water creates carbonic acid, and oxidation of H 2S may produce native sulfur and sulfuric acid; the extent of these reactions is limited by the availability of oxygen. In subaerial epithermal systems, the formation of sulfuric acid, and in turn advanced argillic steam-heated alteration, is limited to the vadose zone, where there is sufficient oxygen to produce sulfuric acid. In the absence of atmospheric oxygen, the production of sulfuric acid in submarine environments is similarly limited, and this explains the absence of aluminous clay minerals and alunite in the Calypso samples. Disproportionation of SO2(g) to H2SO4 (aq) does, however, create advanced argillic alteration in some higher-temperature submarine volcanic-hydrothermal systems (e.g., Brothers Volcano, de Ronde et al., 2005).

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15

Holmes, Heather Jeanette. "Students with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Comparative Intergenerational Study of Inclusive Participation in New Zealand schools". The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2467.

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Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic condition commonly known as Brittle Bones. The purpose of this study was to listen to and document the experiences of those with OI to investigate if there were barriers to inclusive education for students with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Persons with OI are often small in stature, have limited strength and varying degrees of mobility. Adventurous behaviour or everyday activities may result in fractures. Often in the world of disability the focus is on the medical condition rather than the personal experiences of those with the condition. This study provided an opportunity to articulate the personal experiences of the participants. In this study two specific aspects of educational experiences were examined. The first aspect explored was the way students managed physically within the educational setting, while the second aspect examined how students coped emotionally. Five major questions were used to determine if special education policies have affected the quality of inclusiveness for students with OI in New Zealand classrooms over a period of forty years. These questions examined what barriers exist in the past and whether the same barriers still exist within today's educational setting. The questions investigated what or who may be the cause of these barriers and what possible effects these barriers might have on the student The present situation was compared with the past and finally how might these barriers be overcome was investigated. This qualitative study focused on three individuals, each representing a different generation. The participants exemplified a particular phenomenon, specifically the daily school lives in New Zealand of those with OI. The difficulties these students faced were explored through semi-structured interviews to encourage the three participants to voice their individual experiences. All three participants gave freely of their thoughts in an articulate, thoughtful and open manner, sharing both their positive and unpleasant experiences. This study revealed that some New Zealand schools have yet to implement recent inclusive education policies set out by the Ministry of Education. The three participants identified barriers to inclusive education from their own personal perspectives. The physical environment of school presented challenges. Distance between classrooms and assembly halls and accessibility to the playground, ramps and toilet facilities created difficulties for students with OI who did not walk independently. Attitudes of parents, teachers, and the wider school community impacted on the self-attitude of students with OI. Over-protection, fear and anxiety were identified as unintentional attitudes that placed limitations on participation of meaningful activities and added to student feelings of isolation and difference. Lack of knowledge of the medical and psychosocial aspects of students with OI could account for the continued barriers imposed by some teachers. Barriers do still exist in some New Zealand schools for students with osteogenesis imperfecta. Improved access could result in more participation. More participation could allow for an improved quality of social interaction and thus result in greater focus on the person and less focus on the disability. Collaboration between all school staff, parents and students with OI is essential to minimise barriers and maximise academic and social opportunities.

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16

Hilton, Michael John. "Processes of sedimentation on the shoreface and continental shelf and the development of facies Pakiri, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Auckland, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2294.

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This dissertation presents the results of research of physical and biological processes of sedimentation on the shoreface and continental shelf in Pakiri Bay, on the east coast of the Northland Peninsu1a, New Zealand. These environments comprise the subtidal portion of the Pakiri sand body. Sand bodies that are contiguous with unconsolidated sediments of coastal barriers are characteristic of the embayed east coasts of the Auckland and Northland Regions, yet little is known of their geomorphology. Existing models of shoreface and shelf sedimentation afford limited assistance because they were developed in different environments. Factors that distinguish the study area from other coasts include tectonic stability, lack of modern (non-biogenic) sediment inputs, the predominance of currents related to shoaling surface waves, and a sea level stillstand for the last 6,500 years. The model of sedimentation developed is derived from intensive field investigation of the morphology, sedimentology and ecology of the Pakiri Bay shoreface and continental shelf. Investigations of sediment transport entail interpretations of the sediments and sedimentary structures of the seabed, application of existing sediment transport models and the analysis of morphodynamic data. The geomorphology of the Pakiri sediment body is characterized by a regular pattern of morphologic components and associated sediment types. Alongshore variation in these characteristics is generally minor compared with shore normal variation. The shoreface comprises a curvilinear concave surface, that extends offshore from the alongshore bar approximately 1500 m, to water depths of about 22 n. The inner continental shelf comprises an equally curvilinear, mostly convex, surface that slopes seaward to the relatively flat middle continental shelf. Secondary morphological variations result from the presence of large-scale bedforms on the middle continental shelf and landward margin of the inner shelf. The sediments of the shoreface are fine, very well sorted quartz-feldspathic sands of 2 ø mean grain size. The inner shelf sediments grade offshore from a medium sand to very coarse sands and fine gravels (mean grain size 0.0 to 0.5 ø). In contrast the sediments of the mid shelf are very fine sands (mean grain size 2.0 to 2.5 ø), with a mud content of 5 to l0 percent. Carbonate skeletal debris, derived mostly from molluscs, comprises a significant proportion of inner and mid shelf sediments. The concentration of carbonates in the sediments increases offshore from 0 to 5 percent on the shoreface to 30 percent at the base of the inner shelf. The carbonate fraction of the sediments is size graded on the inner shelf and mid shelf in accordance with the grain size characteristics of the non-carbonate fraction. A model of the distribution and abundance of living macrobenthos (mostly of the phyla mollusca) is derived from benthos surveys in Pakiri Bay. Species that are diagnostic of high and low energy environments are characteristic of the shoreface and middle continental shelf respectively. The pattern of carbonate concentration in the sediments of the subtidal sediment body does not correlate with the pattern of modern biogenic production. Highest levels of modern shell production occur across the shoreface, whereas carbonate concentrations are greatest at the base of the inner shelf. Hypotheses are advanced to explain this dichotomy. The geomorphology of the shoreface and inner continental shelf is seen as a response to modern processes of sedimentation. Sediment transport occurs primarily in response to currents related to shoaling waves. Two process regimes are recognized. During typically calm (swe11 wave) conditions the fine sands of the shoreface may be transported landward as a result of an onshore mass transport current. During severe storm events this process may transport bed sediments landward across the inner shelf and middle continental shelf forming the characteristic sediment and morphologic patterns observed. However, during such events this onshore flow is, probably counteracted by return flows that are able to transport eroded foreshore and inshore sediments seaward Key words: Sedimentation, shoreface, continental shelf, wave dominated, carbonated sedimentation, sediment body, facies.

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17

Coates, Ainslee Claire. "A case study of curriculum implementation : change, loss and grief in Health and physical education in the New Zealand curriculum". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Christchurch College of Education, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3595.

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This thesis explores two teachers' perspectives and practice through making explicit the various discourses they operated in. By exploring these discourses, teachers may be able to understand the ways they conceptualise curriculum and consider how their own practices in the classroom are informed by and reflect particular beliefs. It is hoped that through this process opportunities exist to explore new ways of working that ultimately benefit children in classrooms. The purpose of this study is to investigate how change, loss and grief as a relatively new learning context in Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 1999) is conceptualized and implemented in the classroom. The perspectives and practice of two primary school teachers were used in a case study design to explore how this particular aspect of health education is implemented. The process of teaching and learning is extremely complex and exploring it brought many challenges. The various discourses that seemed to guide, shape and determine the case study teachers' classroom practice are examined. The dominant discourse of the teacher as an 'expert' was pervasive and was illustrated in many of the teachers ideas, beliefs and practices. This discourse seemed to work implicitly to influence the way that these teachers conceptualized change, loss and grief and how they then implemented this topic in the classroom. The implications of this study highlight the crucial role of specific and focused professional development in enabling teachers to recognize and critique their own practice within their existing teaching and learning belief systems. Through this process, teachers may be able to explore new teaching pedagogy that could challenge the existing and dominant discourses that operate in the classroom. The study raises questions about the effectiveness of existing professional development programmes in changing classroom practice and suggests some specific strategies that may more effectively close the gap between theory and practice.

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18

Rolland, Ta-Mera. "Exploring physiotherapists' participation in peer review in New Zealand a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science, AUT University, July 2007 /". Click here to access resource online, 2007. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/270.

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19

Sturkenboom, Gina Alicia. "Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Physical Punishment". The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2334.

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Fifteen women and five men participated in a study aimed at devising strategies to reduce the use of physical punishment in New Zealand. The potential problems with the use of physical punishment, the extent of its use in New Zealand, and the likelihood of intergenerational transmission are discussed to justify the aim of the study. The participants were all parents who had been smacked themselves, but who had decided not to smack their own children. Their ages ranged from 28 to 57, and only three had less than some tertiary education. They were from various ethnic backgrounds; fourteen had an occupation other than parenting, and nine were single parents. The participants had broken the intergenerational cycle of physical punishment: they had been smacked themselves but did not smack their own children. All participated in an individual, semi-structured interview, in which their childhood physical punishment, their decision not to smack, the maintenance of that decision, and their use of alternative disciplinary techniques were discussed. Four participated in a focus group, in which the strategies suggested in the interviews were discussed and refined to produce a final list of recommendations. The parents made a conscious decision against smacking, which involved a particular experience that prompted them to consider their disciplinary practices. Negative views of smacking (ineffective, modelling violence, and potential to escalate) were also helpful in making the decision. While maintaining their decision was usually easy, alternative techniques were sometimes hard to use, though effective in the long term. Some had to deal with the effects of deviating from a childrearing norm, particularly in regard to other family members. While many were satisfied that their own children were free from physical punishment, some had actively tried to convince other parents not to use it as well. They recommended strategies aimed at achieving the goals of parent education, raising awareness, reducing strain, and increasing support for parents. They also suggested practical steps that individual parents who were interested in breaking the cycle of physical punishment could take. The limitations and strengths of the study are discussed, as well as the implications for further research. The study demonstrates that parenting without physical punishment is effective, desirable, and achievable, even by parents who were smacked themselves. It presents a number of possible strategies and intermediate goals, for interventions at a national, community, or individual level, which aim to reduce the use of physical punishment.

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20

Du, Plessis Daniel Jacobus. "Comparative characteristics of elite New Zealand and South African u/16 rugby-players with reference to game-specific skills, physical abilities and anthropometric data". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04302008-085932.

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21

Palmgren, Rikard. "Reconstructing the Long-Term Mass Balance of Brewster Glacier, New Zealand, Using a Degree-Day Approach". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324325.

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Varmare klimat är något som kontinuerligt påverkar glaciärer planeten över och har under det senaste århundrandet vidtagit en global ökning av negativa massbalanser. Denna trend kan bidra till variationer i havsnivån och orsaka problem med översvämningar över hela världen. Övervakning och observation av världens glaciärer är därför väldigt viktigt och genom att skapa modeller som tillåter insyn i glaciärernas respons till atmosfärisk fluktuation går det att åstadkomma en djupare förståelse för hur den globala uppvärmningen kommer att utvecklas. I detta projektet återskapas massbalansen för Brewster Glacier, Nya Zeeland, för perioden 2005 – 2015 genom tillämpning av graddagar. Modellen har försetts med data från ett nyligen genomfört nedskalningsprojekt som har producerat atmosfäriska data för perioden 1979 – 2015 vilket tillåter modellen att köras. Resultaten som presenteras kommer att bidra till större inblick i graddags-modellen om huruvida tillvägagångssättet att använda enkel temperatur- och nederbördsdata är tillförlitligt för att porträttera massbalansen för glaciärer.
Warmer climate is something that is continuously affecting glaciers across the planet and has during the last century gained a global increase in negative mass balances. This trend has contributed to sea-level rise and had other impacts on water resources. Monitoring and observing the worlds glaciers is therefore very important and by creating models that allows insight in the glacier response to atmospheric fluctuation, it is possible to obtain deeper knowledge on how the global warming will develop. In this project, the mass balance of Brewster Glacier, New Zealand, is reconstructed for the period 2005 – 2015 using a degree-day approach. The input for the model has been obtained from a recent downscaling project that has produced atmospheric data over the period 1979 – 2015 that allows the model to run at a daily temporal resolution. The results presented are going to contribute to a greater insight in the degree-day model as to whether the approach of using simple air temperature and precipitation data are reliable to portray the mass balance of glaciers.

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22

Wilson, Andrew Charles Bruce. "Popular geographies: celebrating the nation in Canadian Geographic, Australian Geographic and New Zealand Geographic, 1995-2004 : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Geography at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand". Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1090.

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Popular geography magazines like National Geographic (NG) provide readers with a lens of the world around them. Yet sadly they often only serve a limited utilitarian purpose as dust collectors on coffee tables of hospital waiting rooms or doctors’ practices. It should be of little surprise then that the relative importance of geographic magazines as a representational forum has been underestimated historically. The importance of geographic magazines as an outlet for creating and disseminating preconceived visions of what may be termed ‘popular geographies’ has only become the subject of scrutiny in the last two decades. Authors including Lutz and Collins (1993) and Rothenberg (1994, 2007) have reflected critically upon the place of NG as a powerful ideological institution for legitimating particular visions of the world in the wider corpus of the discipline of geography. Yet while there has been a substantial volume of work dedicated to unravelling the situated lens of NG there has been no research devoted to deciphering the lenses of other geography magazines such as Canadian Geographic (CG), Australian Geographic (AG) or New Zealand Geographic (NZG). These magazines also embody the ideals of adventure, discovery and nature made famous by NG but purvey geography through distinctively national narratives. Through discourse analysis the thesis examines these three magazines in order to unravel geographic imaginations of nationalism in CG, AG and NZG and in the process challenge divergent conceptions of geography itself as both an academic discipline and popular subject.

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23

Sem, Graham. "The soil seed bank in Agathis australis (D. Don) Lindl. (kauri) forests of northern New Zealand and its potential role in secondary successions". Thesis, University of Auckland, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2307.

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The soil seed bank in Agathis australis (D. Don) Lindl. (kauri) forests of northern New Zealand is quantified, and its potential role in secondary successions examined. Seed bank data from a number of kauri forest sites stratified by successional time and distance from forest edges are summarized using Detrended Correspondence Analysis (ordination) and linear regression models. A number of issues concerning secondary successions and the soil seed bank are discussed. These include: 1. The relationship between the soil seed bank and extant vegetation. 2. The nature of the soil seed bank and successional time. 3. The nature of the soil seed bank and distance from forest edges. 4. The soil seed bank, canopy gaps and gap regeneration strategies. 5. The nature of the soil seed bank and soil properties. 6. The fruiting phenology, seed rain, and soil seed bank dynamics. The forest sites ranged from 50 years to over 1,000 years old, while distance from forest edges ranged from 0.2 km to 3.5 km. Soil seed bank densities under kauri forests were 134 - 5,388 seeds m-2 with a mean density of 1,320±217 seeds m-2 which is similar to estimates reported for temperate and tropical forest sites elsewhere. The spatial distribution of seeds in the seed bank both within and between sites is highly variable. A total of 6,062 seedlings emerged from the seed bank samples. This represented 62 vascular plant species, 26 (42%) native woody, 19 (30%) native weedy, 16 (26) adventive weedy and 1 (2%) native fern. The species composition of the soil seed bank was not closely related to extant vegetation and only 11%ot canopy and 13% of understorey species were represented in the soil seed bank. Thus, 77% of extant vegetation at any given site is floristically different from that of the soil seed bank. Ordination of the data by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) suggested that extant vegetation (canopy and understorey) and the soil seed bank contain characteristic floras. The species composition of the seed bank is variable between sites. The viable seed pool is larger under young successional forests than under older mature forests. The number of species also declined with distance from forest edges. Adventive and native weedy species were found in seed banks under mature forests and sites of considerable distances from forest edges. However, the density of the weedy species component of the soil seed bank was at least partly determined by distance from forest edges where such species are common. While buried seed is likely to contribute to the early stages of secondary succession, evidence from canopy gaps suggested that the seedling bank (formerly suppressed understorey component) is more important in gap regeneration than the soil seed bank. DCA analysis revealed that seedling bank species composition of canopy gaps and forest sites were quite different from the soil seed banks, indicating that regeneration stemmed from formerly (suppressed) understorey seedlings. Phenology and seed rain study of a mature forest remnant and a regenerating forest community showed that as little as 5% of the seed input to the forest floor enters the soil seed bank and remains viable for more than one year. Evidence is presented to suggest that in a forest community, secondary succession after large-scale or localised disturbance, is achieved more so by suppressed seedlings and recent seed rain than the soil seed bank. The soil seed bank becomes significant in secondary succession when the subsoil is disturbed by the uprooting of trees or the forest floor is exposed by tree-fall (not covered by tree-fall debris).

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24

Aryal, Jagannath. "Optimisation of a buyer’s sourcing strategy in the mixed auction/direct supply of New Zealand wool". Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1548.

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The New Zealand Wool Industry (NZWI) contributes over a billion dollars a year to NZ gross output. However, this industry is at a crossroads and the incumbent practitioners are looking for ways to increase the value of the New Zealand wool clip. The value of the industry to the economy is directly related to the price which buyers are prepared to pay for wool, primarily as a result of the marketing approaches used, physical parameters of wool as well as intra and inter-fibre competition. The inflation adjusted price has steadily decreased over recent years and understanding of its dynamics is a fundamental problem for the stakeholders. Among the stakeholders, buyers / exporters, heavily involved in the process of price formation currently face a real time problem of sourcing strong wool from two parallel but different marketing systems operated simultaneously – auction and direct supply. The underlying mathematics which governs the decision making of buyers on the price dynamics in these sourcing options is poorly understood. This study developed system models for price formation in both auction and direct supply sourcing and an associated optimization model for the buyer / exporter of the New Zealand wool clip. All three of these models were original and none appear to have been described previously. It is hoped that these three models will be of quite general utility and also be useful therefore for other agricultural commodities that are traded simultaneously via auction and direct supply. The average price for a given wool type, which is the output from this new modelling exercise is precisely what is required as input data for solving the minimization problem in wool blending models.

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25

Badland, Hannah M. "Physical activity in a sample of New Zealand professional employees this thesis is submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science, December 2003". Full thesis. Abstract, 2003.

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26

Savaiinaea, Chelsea Makere. "Challenges in communication : a critical analysis of a student music therapist's techniques in working with special needs children : a thesis submitted to the New Zealand School of Music in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Music Therapy /". ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1082.

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27

Alfonso, Durruty Marta Pilar. "Biosignificance of Harris lines as stress markers in relation to moderate undernutrition and bone growth velocity a New Zealand white rabbit model for the study of bone growth /". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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28

Gang, Na-Hyun. "Action research : an exploration of a music therapy student's journey of establishing a therapeutic relationship with a child with autistic spectrum disorder in music therapy : a thesis submitted to the New Zealand School of Music in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Therapy /". ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1081.

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29

Oliver, Melody. "Physical activity in New Zealand preschoolers amount, associations, and accounts : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2008". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/433.

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Improving physical activity (PA) participation is a public health priority in developed and developing countries to curb the substantial and growing prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases. Early childhood may be an especially important time to encourage PA; however, there is a paucity of research in this area. The aim of this research was to contribute to the limited body of work in PA in early childhood by investigating PA measurement approaches in young children and applying this knowledge to determine socio-environmental associations of preschool PA. An initial literature review provided the background for the thesis and determined the approaches taken in the ensuing chapters. A second literature review provided a detailed critique of research specific to PA measurement in early childhood to further inform the empirical studies. Information for the empirical chapters was drawn from three research projects: two studies were completed that assessed tools for objectively measuring PA in young children (pedometers and accelerometers), and these studies informed a final project to quantify associates of PA in a sample of preschool-aged children. Novel and important findings from the preliminary studies were that pedometer accuracy for measuring free-living PA and walking in children aged 3-5 years was poor, especially for pedometers worn at the back of the child, or during slow walking. Furthermore, when investigating the utility of accelerometers (more complex and frequently adopted tools) to quantify PA intensity in preschoolers, their application and use of commonly employed thresholds resulted in systematic underestimation of PA intensity and poor agreement (=0.09) when compared with a direct observation criterion measure. Application of existing accelerometer thresholds to classify PA intensity in preschoolers was therefore likely to yield biased estimates. Given the dearth of robust alternatives, a novel approach was developed to calculate individual activity rates from the raw accelerometer data. To account for over-dispersion in accelerometer counts, daily average activity rates per second were derived for each participant using negative binomial generalised estimating equation (GEE) models with a first-order autoregressive (AR1) correlation structure. These rates were assumed to be exchangeable between days and normally distributed. Potential socio-environmental associates of children’s activity rates and body size were thus assessed using normal GEE models with exchangeable correlation structures. Parental PA and child age were independently and significantly associated with child activity rates (P≤0.04). No relationships between child body size and PA or television (TV) exposure were found. Common approaches to PA measurement and data consideration were challenged in this research and novel robust methods devised utilising contemporary statistical methods. Accelerometer data can be successfully reduced to individual activity rates to mitigate current issues related to objective PA quantification with preschoolers. Parental involvement in preschool PA interventions is worthy of further investigation, and younger children may stand to benefit more from increased activity. Further exploration of the complex interactions between PA, exposure to media, and health outcomes in preschool-aged children is warranted.

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30

Hohepa, Maea Tita Emere. "Prevalence, perceptions, and correlates of physical activity among youth in New Zealand a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2008". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/434.

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Thesis (PhD) -- AUT University, 2008.
Primary Supervisor: Professor Grant Schofield. Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (349 leaves ; 30 cm.) in the Archive at the City Campus (T 613.7043 HOH)

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31

Kakubayashi, Motoko. "Rheo-NMR studies of macromolecules : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand". Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/976.

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In this thesis, the effects of simple shear flow on macromolecular structure and interactions are investigated in detail via a combination of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and rheology, namely Rheo-NMR. A specially designed NMR couette shear cell and benchtop shear cell, developed in-house, demonstrated that the direct measurement of the above phenomena is possible. First, to determine whether the shear cells were creating simple shear flow, results were reproduced from literature studies of liquid crystal systems which report shear effects on: Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) in deuterium oxide, and Poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) in m-cresol. Next, the possible conformational changes to protein structure brought about by shear were investigated by applying shear to Bovine -lactogobulin ( -Lg). As the protein was sheared, a small, irreversible conformational change was observed by means of one-dimensional and two-dimensional 1H NMR with reasonable reproducibility. However, no observable change was detected by means of light scattering. A large conformational change was observed after shearing a destabilized -Lg sample containing 10% Trifluoroethanol (TFE) (v/v). From an NMR point of view, the sheared state was similar to the structure of -Lg containing large amounts of -helices and, interestingly, similar to the structure of -Lg containing -sheet amyloid fibrils. Gel electrophoresis tests suggested that the changes were caused by hydrophobic interactions. Unfortunately, this proved to be difficult to reproduce. The effect of shear on an inter-macromolecular interaction was investigated by applying shear during an enzyme reaction of pectin methylesterase (PME) on pectin. Experimental method and analysis developments are described in detail. It was observed that under the conditions studied, shear does not interfere with the de-esterification of pectin with two types of PME, which have different action mechanisms at average shear rates up to 1570 s-1.

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32

Kitson, Adrian Robert. "On the zero-point energy of elliptic-cyliindrical and spheroidal boundaries : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theoretical Physics at Massey University, New Zealand". Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1016.

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Zero-point energy is the energy of the vacuum. Disturbing the vacuum results in a change in the zero-point energy. In 1948, Casimir considered the change in the zeropoint energy when the vacuumis disturbed by two parallelmetal plates. The plates disturb the vacuum by restricting the quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. Casimir found that the change in the zero-point energy implies that the plates are attracted to each other. With the recent advances made in the experimental verification of this remarkable result, theoretical interest has been rekindled. In addition to the original parallel plate configuration, several other boundaries have been studied. In this thesis, two novel boundaries are considered: elliptic-cylindrical and spheroidal. The results for these boundaries lead to the conjecture that zero-point energy does not change for small deformations of the boundary that preserve volume. Assuming the conjecture, it is shown that zero-point energy plays a stabilizing role in quantum chromodynamics, the leading theory of the strong interaction.

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33

Hermann, Andreas. "Ab initio calculations of water and ice : structural, electronic and optical properties : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand". Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/909.

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Extended aqueous systems, crystalline ice and liquid water, are studied computationally to investigate their ground state and excited state properties. Methods from solid state physics and quantum chemistry are combined to shed light on some of the unusual properties of water and ice. For the ground state of crystalline ice, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are compared to an ab initio incremental ansatz that utilizes periodic Hartree-Fock together with localized electron correlation calculations. It is shown that the many-body decomposition of the electron correlation converges very fast, allowing the achievement of excellent agreement with experimental data even when limiting correlation energy contributions to two-body terms only. The incremental method is utilized by a computer program that combines the periodic and localized calculations, and allows for structural optimization of the system of interest. The adsorption of water molecules on the surface of ice is studied using DFT. Adsorption is found to be favoured on non-crystallographic adsorption sites, and a slight tendency towards the formation of rough surfaces is reported. The localization of excess electrons at the surface of ice is facilitated by coadsorbed water molecules. For a correct theoretical description of the latter, a self-interaction correction scheme for the excess electron has to be used. However, it is sufficient to limit the self-interaction correction to the excess electron only, since the neutral ice surface itself is well described within conventional DFT. The self-interaction correction scheme is incorporated into a commonly used DFT program package. Optical excitations of crystalline ice are calculated using many-body perturbation theory. Solving the two-particle Bethe-Salpeter equation yields optical spectra in excellent agreement with experimental data. Based on this agreement, an embedding model is developed that reduces the hydrogen bond network to its most important contribution. The model is applied to crystalline ice, where it reproduces the experimental spectral features, and to microscopic liquid water structures obtained from molecular dynamics simulations, where it reproduces the energy shift of the first absorption peak and gives overall good agreement with experiment. The driving force of water’s anomalous optical behaviour is identified.

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34

Andrew, Margot. "The most important aspects of quality of life for New Zealand adolescents with physical disabilities a dissertation submitted to AUT University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science, 2008". Abstract. Full dissertation, 2008.

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Dissertation (MHSc--Health Science) -- AUT University, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (viii, 111 leaves ; 30 cm.) in North Shore Campus Theses Collection (T 362.4 AND)

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35

Haigh, Tania J. "Bose-Einstein condensates in coupled co-planar double-ring traps : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masterate of Science in Physics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand". Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/975.

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This thesis presents a theoretical study of Bose-Einstein condensates in a doublering trap. In particular, we determine the ground states of the condensate in the double-ring trap that arise from the interplay of quantum tunnelling and the trap’s rotation. The trap geometry is a concentric ring system, where the inner ring is of smaller radius than the outer ring and both lie in the same two-dimensional plane. Due to the difference in radii between the inner and outer rings, the angular momentum that minimises the kinetic energy of a condensate when confined in the individual rings is different at most frequencies. This preference is in direct competition with the tunnel coupling of the rings which favours the same angular momentum states being occupied in both rings. Our calculations show that at low tunnel coupling ground state solutions exist where the expectation value of angular momentum per atom in each ring differs by approximately an integer multiple. The energy of these solutions is minimised by maintaining a uniform phase difference around most of the ring, and introducing a Josephson vortex between the inner and outer rings. A Josephson vortex is identified by a 2p step in the relative phase between the two rings, and accounts for one quantum of circulation. We discuss similarities and differences between Josephson vortices in cold-atom systems and in superconducting Josephson junctions. Josephson vortices are actuated by a sudden change in the trapping potential. After this change Josephson vortices rotate around the double-ring system at a different frequency to the rotation of the double-ring potential. Numerical studies of the dependence of the velocity on the ground state tunnel coupling and interaction strength are presented. An analytical theory of the Josephson vortex dynamics is also presented which is consistent with our numerical results.

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36

Hartshorn, Nikki. "The impact of participating in an activity programme (10,000 steps @ work lite programme) on dietary change : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nutritional Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand". Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/908.

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High levels of diet related chronic disease in New Zealand has lead to the development of health promotion programmes. The work place is an important venue to implement health promotion programmes to encourage staff to make healthy lifestyle choices. The aim of this research is to examine if a physical activity programme may be a ‘gateway’ to other positive behavioral changes such as healthy eating and/or cutting down smoking. This research introduces a health promotion programme to employees at a call centre. The intervention involved 3 groups: the health promotion group (HPG), which received both the physical activity programme (10,000 steps @ work ‘lite’ programme) plus nutritional information; the nutritional group (NG), which received only the nutritional information and the control group (CG), which did not take part in the intervention. The impact of the nutritional seminars with or without the exercise programme was measured by the participants’ reported fruit, vegetable, snack consumption and transtheoretical stages of change for exercise, fruit and vegetable intake, healthy snacking and smoking. A questionnaire was used to collect data retrospectively. The health promotion group (HPG) made positive changes in all behaviours unlike the nutritional group (NG) and the control group (CG). This provides some support for the hypothesis that physical exercise may act as a ‘gateway’ to other positive behavioural changes.

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37

Baylis, Erin Julia. "An investigation of the hazard associated with the alluvial fans on the Kaikoura Coast, South Island, New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Honours) in Physical Geography /". ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1192.

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38

Boys, Roderick Charles James. "The impact of anthropogenic land-use change on soil organic carbon, Oporae Valley, Lake Tutira, New Zealand : a [thesis] submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physical Geography /". ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/966.

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Jones, Katie Elizabeth. "Contemporary sediment delivery ratios for small catchments subject to shallow rainfall triggered earthflows in the Waipaoa catchment, North Island, New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science with Honours in Physical Geography /". ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1197.

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Winter-Billington, Alexandra. "The hydrological system and climate of Brewster Glacier, Tititea Mt Aspiring National Park, Southern Alps, Aotearoa New Zealand, in the context of climate change : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physical Geography /". ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/670.

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Hohepa, Maea. "Prevalence, perceptions, and correlates of physical activity among youth in New Zealand". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/434.

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Sufficient physical activity, a key prerequisite for health, is lacking in many teenagers. Limited knowledge, however, exists about who, when, why, and if New Zealand teenagers are getting their daily dose of health-related physical activity. At conception of this thesis, available information was predominantly survey-derived with no New Zealand data and few international studies that had assessed adolescent physical activity levels objectively. Data were collected from three projects. Convenience sampling was used across all projects to recruit students from low-decile high schools located in the Auckland region. For Project 1, 236 Year 9 to Year 13 students each wore a pedometer for five days (three weekdays and two weekend days) and reported their mode of transportation to and from school. To explore ethnic and sex-specific perceptions of physical activity among youth (i.e., barriers, benefits, potential physical activity enhancing strategies), Project 2 involved nine focus group discussions with 44 Year 9 and Year 10 students who identified as Māori or European. Project 3 was a large cross-sectional study of 3,451 high school students (Years 9 - 13) from seven low-decile schools. Through this project the following self-reported data were collected: demographics, physical activity levels during four school-day physical activity opportunities (i.e., active travel, lunchtime physical activity, recess physical activity, after-school physical activity), sedentary behaviour (i.e., school-day television (TV) watching), level of perceived encouragement to be active, and the presence of home policies regarding TV use. Analyses revealed low physical activity participation and high TV use behaviours. Pedometer data showed that only 14.5% of participants achieved a conservative criterion of 10,000 steps daily. Also, daily steps varied by age group (junior students: 11,079 ± 330; senior students: 9,422 ± 334), sex (males: 10,849 ± 381; females: 9,652 ± 289), time of week (weekday: 12,259 ± 287; weekend day: 8,241 ± 329), and transportation mode to/from school (walkers: 13,308 ± 483; car transit users: 10,986 ± 435). Low school-day physical activity levels emerged, especially during school hours (i.e., during recess and lunchtime). Based on dichotomised grouping (less active versus more active), the proportion of students in the ‘more active’ group during morning recess and lunchtime, after school, and as part of active travel to/from school were 26%, 32.4%, 56.3%, 58.1% respectively. Only 11.1% of participants were in the ‘more active’ group across all four physical activity opportunities. The focus group data revealed primarily social benefits of physical activity (e.g., meeting new people, fun). Barriers were mainly environment-related and included lack of peer support, low accessibility to and availability of physical activity opportunities, alternative sedentary activities, structure of physical education classes (females only), and distance between home and school (in terms of active transportation). Potential strategies to increase physical activity reflected the articulated barriers and benefits (e.g., increase peer support, parents to turn off the TV, organised activities at school, restructure physical education classes to allow student involvement in the decision-making process of class content). No ethnic and few sex differences in perceptions were found. Focusing on the verbalised importance of social support from the focus groups, Project 3 data showed that the strength of association between perceived encouragement from different support sources (i.e., parents, older siblings/cousins, peers, school) and physical activity participation varied by the physical activity opportunity examined. In particular, multivariate logistical regression showed reduced odds of being in the ‘more active’ group was associated with low parental encouragement (Juniors, OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.38-0.58; Seniors, OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.29-0.60) and low peer encouragement (Juniors, OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.51-0.74; Seniors, OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.35-0.69) for after-school physical activity, low peer encouragement (Juniors, OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.32-0.48; Seniors, OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.29-0.57) for lunchtime activity, and low peer encouragement (Juniors, OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66-0.92) for active transportation (junior students only). No significant difference in physical activity was found between students who received high encouragement from two parents than students who reported high encouragement from their sole parent in a single parent family. Concentrating on the after-school period, Project 3 data were analysed to examined the relevance of the displacement hypothesis during this school-day period. The association between parental strategies (i.e., encouragement to be active and having TV limits) and youth after-school activity behaviours (i.e., hours spent viewing TV, physical activity participation) was also examined. Support for the displacement hypothesis emerged. In particular, compared to students who watched less than one hour of TV, those who watched greater than four hours of TV were half as likely to be in the more active group for after-school physical activity participation (adjusted OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.40-0.65). Comparing activity profile groups (i.e., based on combined TV use and after-school activity levels), compared to the participants in the ‘low TV/active’ group, participants in the other three activity groups (e.g., ‘high TV/low active’) were at least 1.28 times more likely to have parents that executed only one parental strategy and up to 4.77 times more likely to have parents that did not carry out either strategy. Substantive opportunities exist for youth to be active every day, and in different contexts and environments, yet a large proportion of young people are not maximising these opportunities to be active. If the health issue of inactivity is to be tackled in a comprehensive and efficient manner, a multi-strategy, multi-environment, coordinated approach among local authorities, government agencies, schools, families, and neighbourhoods is required to address the noted policy, physical, and social-related associates of an active lifestyle for youth. Future effort, whether in the form of strategy development, intervention work, or research, needs to be founded upon ecological theory, where both individual and a range of familial, social, and physical environmental factors (and there potential interactions) are considered. Lastly, equal research attention should be directed at improved physical activity levels, and just as importantly, reducing time youth spend in a sedentary state.

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Brogan, Michael S. "Doctoral entry-level requirements Perceptions and perspectives of practicing physical therapists in Western New York State /". 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174137.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2005.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov 23, 2005) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: William Barba. Includes bibliographical references.

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Moy, Karen. "Physical activity and fitness measures in New Zealand : a study of validation and correlation with cardiovascular risk factors". 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/305.

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The primary aim of the study was to validate the short and long form of the recently-created NZ physical activity questionnaires (NZPAQ-SF and NZPAQ-LF, respectively) in a multi-ethnic sample in Auckland. An international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-long) was also validated and compared to the NZ instruments. Objective PA measures were used to create a NZ compendium of PA intensities, providing baseline data for culturally-specific PAs. Secondary aims included an examination of the relationship between PA and CRF, and their associations with cross-sectional measures of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. The study sample consisted of 186 apparently healthy males (n=90) and females (n=96) aged 19-86 yrs, classified as European/Other (n=60), Māori (n=61), and Pacific (n=65). Heart rate monitoring (HRM) with individual calibration was used to objectively measure the duration, frequency, and intensity of at least moderate-intensity PAs performed over 3 consecutive days. Type of PA and the context in which it was performed was simultaneously recorded by participants on daily PA logs. Correlations between HRM and self-reported levels of brisk walking, moderate-intensity, vigorousintensity, were poor for each questionnaire, and correlations were lower for Māori and Pacific ethnic groups than for European/Other. The NZPAQ-SF (r=0.3, p<0.001) and NZPAQ-LF (r=0.3, p<0.001) performed better than the IPAQ-long (r=0.1, p=0.37). The culturally-specific list of PA intensities showed strong correlation (R2=0.68) to an internationally-accepted compendium of PA intensities, and provided baseline energy cost data for 13 PAs performed by Māori and Pacific people in NZ. CRF levels were primarily influenced by gender, ethnicity, obesity, and performing at least 15 min/day of vigorous-intensity PA, and showed stronger associations with fasting blood lipids and glucose, while PA was more strongly related to SBP and DBP. The validated NZPAQs are acceptable for measuring population level PA prevalence in NZ adults, although accuracy is lower for Māori and Pacific people. However, the availability of a culturallyspecific list of PA intensities could potentially increase the accuracy of self-reported PA by Māori and Pacific people. Results from this study highlight the importance of vigorous-intensity PA for CV health, and identifies NZ Pacific people as high risk in terms of PA, obesity, and CRF.

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44

Choi, Hee-Chan. "Multicultural encounters in music therapy in New Zealand : What particular clinical experiences do NZ music therapists describe when encountering clients who identify closely with a culture different from their own? : research dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Therapy at the New Zealand School of Music, Wellington, New Zealand". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1494.

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This qualitative study investigates how music therapists work within a culturally diverse environment in New Zealand and the researcher's own growing experience as a student clinician. This research endeavoured to answer two research questions. Firstly, what do music therapists in New Zealand perceive from their experience of working with clients from different culture? Secondly, how does my own experience as a second generation Korean MTS affect my clinical work in a multicultural environment in New Zealand? This study applied aspects of qualitative research. Four qualified New Zealand music therapists and the researcher herself participated in this study. Data was collected from the interviews with the music therapy participatns, the music therapy student's reflection on case notes from two clinical cases, and a research journal. Music therapists identified various issues that associated with their experiences of working cross-culturally. The main areas of key ideas were categorized under 1) cultural considerations 2) preconceptions 3) building a communicative bridge 4) clinical competency 5) different approaches 6) culturally appropriate practice. The ideas under these categories have crystallized to articulate the different voices of participants for the benefit of the knowledge in the existing literatures and for the enhancement of personal tools towards self awareness and culturally appropriate clinical practice. From the overview of all the participants consulted in this study it was concluded that recognition of the importance of self awareness was one of the most significant factors in building culturally appropriate practice in a multicultural environment.

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Symes, Margaret Mallinson. "The legacy of prenatal exposure to alcohol : Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, the New Zealand situation : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Anthropology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand". 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1647.

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'Alcohol', the strongest teratogen known to human-kind, is a commonly used legal drug which has the ability to cross the placenta and interfere with the development of the foetus resulting in a birth defect known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). This thesis looks at the historical knowledge base surrounding prenatal exposure to alcohol and presents the latest biomedical information available on FASD at the time of writing. The sub-discipline of medical anthropology, the associated methodology and it appropriateness for this kind of research is discussed. A historical look at the introduction and proliferation of alcohol in New Zealand from the macro-micro perspective, and James O'Connors' (1974) political modes of operation are presented, offering a broad analysis, of a dynamic political process involved with the lack of acknowledgement or action on the part of New Zealand governments. New Zealand specific research on women's drinking patterns, clinical practise and the experiences of those trying to obtain a diagnosis in regard to FASD within New Zealand are presented. Behavioural profiles pertaining to my participants' FASD charges are offered to the reader, all of which indicate serious repercussions for New Zealand society as a whole. Finally the labelling argument relating to the diagnostic terminology surrounding Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is discussed. The original contribution this thesis offers aside from being the first New Zealand anthropological PhD research on the subject of FASD surrounds education and action research. Knowledge creates empowerment and can facilitate individual change. My thesis has been a dialectical process whereby the more I learned from those care-giving for FASD individuals, the more I have been able to feed back to others and act in my capacity as a critical medical anthropologist, using action anthropology as a means to advocate for families affected by FASD, those whose voices of expertise by way of experience, are seldom if ever heard or listened too [sic].

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Vincent, Romaric Remy Raoul. "Microrheological investigations of biopolymer networks : PhD thesis, research conducted at the Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University of Palmerston North, New Zealand". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/764.

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is a major polysaccharide of the plant cell wall which is known to play a role in many mechanical functionalities, especially when a gel is formed in the presence of calcium. Understanding the gelling abilities of pectin is of great interest to the food industry also, since pectin is a widely used as a gelling agent and thickener. The aim of this study was to apply two complementary microrheological techniques to these systems, multiple particle tracking (MPT) and a light scattering technique called diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS). While the first one provides fundamental information about the homogeneity of the studied gel, the second gives access to the high frequency behaviour, related to the nature of the basic strands of the network. Firstly, after verifying the validity of the experimental apparati and analysis approaches in a series of careful control experiments on archetypal systems, a regime where pectin gels exhibit the signatures of semi-flexible networks was identified in experiments carried out on gels made of pectin chains pre-engineered by enzymatic deesterification and subsequently assembled with the release of Ca2+. These results were the first showing that polysaccharides networks could be accommodated within the framework of semi-flexible networks, which have become a paradigm for biological gels, such as the well-known F-actin solutions present in the cell cytoskeleton. However, in the plant cell wall, where calcium is already present, the assembly mechanism could be controlled in a different manner, and a more biologically relevant system was studied where the action of the plant enzyme pectinmethylesterase was used to liberate ion-binding groups in the presence of Ca2+. Gels formed according to this alternative methodology were found to behave as punctually cross-linked flexible networks, strikingly different from the first results. This would be explained by the presence of short blocks of charged residues. Finally, experiments on pectins carried out with controlled blocky structures showed that a pectin made of short blocks can exhibit both sorts of network, depending on the polymer and Ca2+ concentrations. This lead naturally to the construction of a state diagram for the regimes of assembly, with proposed control parameters being the polymer concentration and the ratio of the amount of Ca2+ to the quantity of pectic residues which can effectively bind the calcium into cross-links, christened Reff.

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47

Collie, Stewart Roger. "Development of durable textile-conductive polymer composites : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Ph. D. in Chemistry at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand". 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1430.

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The research described in this thesis investigated a range of techniques for the in situ polymerisation of thiophene-based intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs) on textile substrates. Following a review of the literature, three potentially useful techniques were identified; a simple aqueous technique; a vapour phase technique; and a two-stage impregnation technique. The literature also indicated that thiophene-based ICPs were likely to be more durable than those prepared from other precursors. The aqueous technique proved unsuccessful, but both the vapour and two-stage impregnation techniques were used to prepare textile-ICP composites using 2,2'-bithiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). Polymerisation was effected by chemical oxidation of the precursor, with iron (III) salts being the best oxidants. The main drawbacks of the vapour system were the long vapour exposure times (e.g. several days) and/or elevated temperatures required to polymerise these relatively unreactive precursors. Two-stage impregnation was somewhat messy and inefficient, so a novel refinement of the technique (referred to as 'single dip') was developed. With this system, the specimen was impregnated with both precursor and oxidant from a single solution, then removed from the solution and the solvent allowed to evaporate. It was only at this stage that polymerisation occurred, and when more reactive ICP precursors (such as pyrrole) were used, polymerisation tended to occur in solution, and was less effective. The influence of various treatment parameters was established, while tests confirmed that the deposited ICP layer had no detrimental effect on the desirable fabric properties of flexibility and strength. Composites with surface resistance as low as 65 Ω/square were prepared with less than 6% ICP load on the textile (perchlorate-doped poly(EDOT)). The durability of poly(EDOT) composites was far better than polypyrrole under ageing in ambient conditions, accelerated ageing at elevated temperatures, and when given a treatment that simulated laundering. Finally, a scheme for continuously depositing ICPs onto textiles by this approach was designed, as a way of demonstrating the potential for scale-up of the system.

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Ballantyne, Amy Marisa. "Functionalised polythiophenes : synthesis, characterisation and applications : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand". 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1561.

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Conducting polymers display properties such as high conductivity, light weight and redox activity giving them great potential for use in many applications. Polythiophenes have proved to be particularly useful because they are readily functionalised and have good chemical stability. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents on the synthesis and properties of polythiophenes. Initial work entailed the synthesis of a series of styryl-substituted terthiophenes. Polymerisation of these materials using both chemical and electrochemical methods was found to produce predominantly short chain oligomers (n < 4) and insoluble material that could not be further processed. An analogous series of styryl-substituted terthienylenevinylene materials were electrochemically oxidised for comparison to the terthiophene series. These materials were also found to produce predominantly dimer and short oligomers, but with the expected higher conjugation length than the corresponding terthiophene oligomers. To enhance polymerisation and increase the solubility of the resulting materials, the polymerisation of styryl-terthiophenes with alkyl and alkoxy functionalities was investigated. The properties of the resulting polymeric materials were determined using electrochemistry, mass spectrometry, spectroscopy and microscopy. The alkoxy substituted polymer was found to have a longer average polymer length than the corresponding alkyl derivative (~n = 11 compared to ~n = 6), but was less soluble (78% compared to 100%). It was found, however, that by increasing the alkoxy chain length from 6 carbons to 10 carbons, the solubility of the polymer could be increased to 97% without affecting the average polymer length. The alkoxy-substituted polymers were observed to be very stable in the oxidised, conducting state compared to the alkyl-substituted polymer, which appeared to be more stable in the neutral, non-conducting state. It was found that these soluble materials could be separated into fractions of different length polymers by using sequential soxhlet extractions in different solvents. Preliminary investigations were made into the suitability of these soluble oligomeric and polymeric materials for use in photovoltaic, actuator and organic battery applications and promising results were achieved for actuator and battery functions. In addition, the solubility of these materials allowed nano- and micro-structured fibre and fibril surfaces to be prepared for use in high surface area electrodes.

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Ryland, Brett Nicholas. "Multisymplectic integration : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematical Physics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand". 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/809.

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Multisymplectic integration is a relatively new addition to the field of geometric integration, which is a modern approach to the numerical integration of systems of differential equations. Multisymplectic integration is carried out by numerical integrators known as multisymplectic integrators, which preserve a discrete analogue of a multisymplectic conservation law. In recent years, it has been shown that various discretisations of a multi-Hamiltonian PDE satisfy a discrete analogue of a multisymplectic conservation law. In particular, discretisation in time and space by the popular symplectic Runge–Kutta methods has been shown to be multisymplectic. However, a multisymplectic integrator not only needs to satisfy a discrete multisymplectic conservation law, but it must also form a well-defined numerical method. One of the main questions considered in this thesis is that of when a multi-Hamiltonian PDE discretised by Runge–Kutta or partitioned Runge–Kutta methods gives rise to a well-defined multisymplectic integrator. In particular, multisymplectic integrators that are explicit are sought, since an integrator that is explicit will, in general, be well defined. The first class of discretisation methods that I consider are the popular symplectic Runge–Kutta methods. These have previously been shown to satisfy a discrete analogue of the multisymplectic conservation law. However, these previous studies typically fail to consider whether or not the system of equations resulting from such a discretisation is well defined. By considering the semi-discretisation and the full discretisation of a multi-Hamiltonian PDE by such methods, I show the following: • For Runge–Kutta (and for partitioned Runge–Kutta methods), the active variables in the spatial discretisation are the stage variables of the method, not the node variables (as is typical in the time integration of ODEs). • The equations resulting from a semi-discretisation with periodic boundary conditions are only well defined when both the number of stages in the Runge–Kutta method and the number of cells in the spatial discretisation are odd. For other types of boundary conditions, these equations are not well defined in general. • For a full discretisation, the numerical method appears to be well defined at first, but for some boundary conditions, the numerical method fails to accurately represent the PDE, while for other boundary conditions, the numerical method is highly implicit, ill-conditioned and impractical for all but the simplest of applications. An exception to this is the Preissman box scheme, whose simplicity avoids the difficulties of higher order methods. • For a multisymplectic integrator, boundary conditions are treated differently in time and in space. This breaks the symmetry between time and space that is inherent in multisymplectic geometry. The second class of discretisation methods that I consider are partitioned Runge– Kutta methods. Discretisation of a multi-Hamiltonian PDE by such methods has lead to the following two major results: 1. There is a simple set of conditions on the coefficients of a general partitioned Runge– Kutta method (which includes Runge–Kutta methods) such that a general multi- Hamiltonian PDE, discretised (either fully or partially) by such methods, satisfies a natural discrete analogue of the multisymplectic conservation law associated with that multi-Hamiltonian PDE. 2. I have defined a class of multi-Hamiltonian PDEs that, when discretised in space by a member of the Lobatto IIIA–IIIB class of partitioned Runge–Kutta methods, give rise to a system of explicit ODEs in time by means of a construction algorithm. These ODEs are well defined (since they are explicit), local, high order, multisymplectic and handle boundary conditions in a simple manner without the need for any extra requirements. Furthermore, by analysing the dispersion relation for these explicit ODEs, it is found that such spatial discretisations are stable. From these explicit ODEs in time, well-defined multisymplectic integrators can be constructed by applying an explicit discretisation in time that satisfies a fully discrete analogue of the semi-discrete multisymplectic conservation law satisfied by the ODEs. Three examples of explicit multisymplectic integrators are given for the nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation, whereby the explicit ODEs in time are discretised by the 2-stage Lobatto IIIA– IIIB, linear–nonlinear splitting and real–imaginary–nonlinear splitting methods. These are all shown to satisfy discrete analogues of the multisymplectic conservation law, however, only the discrete multisymplectic conservation laws satisfied by the first and third multisymplectic integrators are local. Since it is the stage variables that are active in a Runge–Kutta or partitioned Runge– Kutta discretisation in space of a multi-Hamiltonian PDE, the order of such a spatial discretisation is limited by the order of the stage variables. Moreover, the spatial discretisation contains an approximation of the spatial derivatives, and thus, the order of the spatial discretisation may be further limited by the order of this approximation. For the explicit ODEs resulting from an r-stage Lobatto IIIA–IIIB discretisation in space of an appropriate multi-Hamiltonian PDE, the order of this spatial discretisation is r - 1 for r = 10; this is conjectured to hold for higher values of r. For r = 3, I show that a modification to the initial conditions improves the order of this spatial discretisation. It is expected that a similar modification to the initial conditions will improve the order of such spatial discretisations for higher values of r.

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Jiang, Xiuqian. "Gold nanoparticles for biosensor development : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the degree of Doctor of Philosphy in Chemistry, Institute of Fundamental Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1376.

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Gold nanoparticles, are one of the most widely investigated nanoparticles (NP) and are normally synthesized by the reduction of metal salts in citrate solution. The reason for studying this nanostructured material from a technological standpoint is mainly the anticipated application in different areas based on optical properties explained with plasmon resonance. The main work of this study was to develop different sensing systems using gold nanoparticles. Three techniques have been utilized, being lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). A one-step semi-quantitative LFIA strip test was developed using colloidal gold coated by a partially-purified polyclonal antibody (pAb) raised in sheep as a signal generator, and bovine serum albumin-Estriol-16-glucuronide (BSA-E3-16G) conjugates as the capture agent spotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane as the test line. In this system, gold nanoparticles were applied for visualising the response. The application of the strip sensor to urinary samples from pregnant woman proved successful. A quantitative evaluation of low levels of E3-16G in liquid media was developed based on SPR, which used the same pAb-nanogold conjugates employed for the LFIA analysis. The assay can be carried out directly on any urine samples without sample pretreatment. In this system, gold nanoparticles were utilized as high mass label to improve the sensitivity of the assay. A SERS probe was developed which comprised of Raman reporter molecules (RRM) and gold NPs. Results showed that the conducting polymer materials of 3’-[(E)-2-(4-R-phenyl)ethenyl]-2’2’:5’,2”-terthiophene (R-pe3T, where R is NO2 or NH2) showed significant enhancement. Moreover, high bio-activity groups included in the compounds make them potential candidates for the development of a SERS based sensing system.

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