Tesis sobre el tema "Photovoltaics"
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Lund, Miguel. "photovoltaics". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4412.
Texto completoLee, Jiye. "Singlet fission photovoltaics". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79496.
Texto completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-151).
The efficiency of a solar cell is restricted by the "single junction limit," whereby photons with energy higher than the bandgap lose energy by thermalization. Singlet exciton fission splits a high-energy molecular excitation ("singlet" exciton) into a pair of lowenergy ones ("triplet" excitons). In solar cells, it promises to generate two electrons per photon, potentially overcoming the singlet junction efficiency limit. In this thesis, we present singlet-fission-based photovoltaic cells that generate more than one electron per photon. We first demonstrate organic photodetectors with quantum efficiencies reaching 100% by exploiting singlet exciton fission. Through study of the magnetic field dependence of the fission process, we find an optimum thickness of singlet fission layers that guarantees the nearly 100% conversion of a singlet into two triplets. By employing an exciton blocking layer and a light trapping scheme to the solar cell, we demonstrate the peak external quantum efficiency exceeding 100% in the visible spectrum. It is the first time that any solar cell has generated more than one electron per photon outside the UV spectrum. We also build a simple model that predicts the rate of singlet fission through intermolecular coupling, enabling rational designs of singlet fission molecules and devices. Finally, we propose a future direction-generating three electrons per photon. As a step toward this goal, we demonstrate singlet exciton fission in hexacene, whose energetics may allow a singlet to split into three triplets.
by Jiye Lee.
Ph.D.
Taymur, Eyup. "Photovoltaics Systems Sizing". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259684298.
Texto completoMcDonald, Calum James. "Alternative perovskites for photovoltaics". Thesis, Ulster University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.722581.
Texto completoDissanayake, Mudiyanselage Nanditha Madujith. "Semiconductor nanocrystal hybrid photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844501/.
Texto completoWang, Wentao y 王文韬. "Novel ferroelectric-semiconductor photovoltaics". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206435.
Texto completopublished_or_final_version
Mechanical Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Mapel, Jonathan King. "Organic photovoltaics and concentrators". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44904.
Texto completoThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-169).
The separation of light harvesting and charge generation offers several advantages in the design of organic photovoltaics and organic solar concentrators for the ultimate end goal of achieving a lower cost solar electric conversion. In this work, we explore two new device architectures. In antenna organic solar cells, we utilize external energy transfer mediated by surface plasmon polaritons to increase the efficiency of existing organic photovoltaic devices limited in performance by the exciton diffusion bottleneck. This unique architecture is analyzed for its functionality and the efficiencies of each added step is quantified. Although the introduction of additional energy transduction will ultimately introduce more losses, bypassing the exciton diffusion bottleneck offers the potential for increased efficiency through judicious device design. We also seek to enable the use of high efficiency inorganic solar cells in organic solar concentrators which aim to exploit high performance of the PV cells in low cost, nontracking configurations. By utilizing thin films of organic chromophores on high refractive index glass substrates, we are able to apply the recent advances of organic optoelectonics to the fluorescent concentrator platform, including near field energy transfer, solid state solvation, and phosphorescence. By reducing self-absorption losses, we demonstrate optical flux gains an order of magnitude greater than previously published results and thereby reduce the effective cost of inorganic solar cells by at least a factor of ten. Combined with the potential for low cost solution processing, the high flux gains and power efficiencies realized here should enable a new source of inexpensive solar power.
by Jonathan King Mapel.
Ph.D.
Droessler, Laura Melanie. "Lead oxides for photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8a0216a2-3efe-4de4-a853-d5b6ec53eeee.
Texto completoFlicker, Jack David. "Three dimensional carbon nanotube based photovoltaics". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41155.
Texto completoAlbarghouthi, Mohammad Talha. "Optimization of hydraulics and photovoltaics in a solar water heater with photovoltaic-powered pump". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31541.pdf.
Texto completoMallick, Tapas K. "Optics and heat transfer for asymmetric compound parabolic photovoltaic concentrators for building integrated photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288897.
Texto completoKim, Yongjin. "Experimental investigation of the interfacial fracture toughness in organic photovoltaics". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47605.
Texto completoOliver, Mark. "The viability of solar photovoltaics : with specific reference to building integrated photovoltaics cladding systems". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/853/.
Texto completoTautz, Raphael. "Charge separation in organic photovoltaics". Diss., lmu, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-153053.
Texto completoWu, Yupeng. "Thermal management of concentrator photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3218/.
Texto completoNismy, Nasrul A. "Organic-carbon nanotube hybrid photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.583325.
Texto completoStavrinadis, Alexandros. "Inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles for photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526119.
Texto completoShi, Wenda. "Fullerene isomers for organic photovoltaics". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/25945.
Texto completoKavlak, Goksin. "Drivers of photovoltaics cost evolution". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115605.
Texto completoThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-109).
Photovoltaics (PV) have experienced notable development over the last forty years. PV module costs have declined 20% on average with every doubling of cumulative capacity, while global PV installations have increased at an average rate of 30% per year. However, costs must fall even further if PV is to achieve cost-competitiveness at high penetration levels and in a wide range of locations. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the past cost evolution of PV can help sustain its pace of improvement in the future. This thesis explores the drivers of and constraints to cost reduction and large-scale deployment of PV. By developing novel conceptual and mathematical models, we address the following questions: (1) What caused PV's cost to fall with time? (2) How may materials constraints influence PV cost and deployment? These questions are addressed in the analyses presented in Chapters 2-4. Chapter 2 assesses the causes of cost reduction observed in PV modules since 1980. We develop a new model that identifies the causes of improvement at the engineering level and links these to higher-level mechanisms such as economies of scale. The methodology advanced can be used to evaluate the causes of improvements in any technology. By developing a model of PV modules, we find that in the early stages of the technology (1980-2001), improvements in the material usage and module conversion efficiency played an important role in reducing module cost. These improvements were mainly driven by research and development (R&D) efforts. As the PV technology matured (2001-2012), economies of scale from larger manufacturing plants resulted in significant gains. Both market-expansion policies and public R&D stimulated cost reduction, with the former contributing the majority of the cost decline from 1980 to 2012. Chapter 3 turns to assessing the materials constraints to PV cost reduction. We ask how fast metals production should be scaled up to match the increasing demand by the PV sector, if installations grow to meet a significant portion of energy demand. Unlike previous studies, which primarily used inherently uncertain factors such as reserves to estimate limits to technology scalability, we use past growth rates of a large set of metals as a benchmark for future growth rates. This analysis shows that thin-film PV technologies such as CIGS and CdTe that employ rare metals would require unprecedented growth rates in metals production even for the most conservative PV growth scenarios. On the other hand, crystalline silicon PV can provide 100% of global electricity without silicon exceeding the historical growth rates observed by all metals in the periodic table. Chapter 4 assesses the risks that material inputs bring to technologies today. This study develops cost-riskiness metrics based on the price behavior of metals along two dimensions: average price and price volatility. We first compare a large set of metals using these cost-riskiness metrics. We observe that metals obtained as byproducts have higher risk than major metals. We then apply these metrics to different PV technologies by treating them as a portfolio of metals. We find that designs such as CIGS and CdTe, which use byproduct metals with high average prices and price volatilities, show signals of cost-riskiness. The approach advanced here can serve as an assessment of the cost-riskiness of technologies introduced by their materials inputs.
by Goksin Kavlak.
Ph. D. in Engineering Systems
Sussman, Jason M. (Jason Michael). "Reducing recombination in organic photovoltaics". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69673.
Texto completoThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-65).
In this thesis, I consider two methods to improve organic photovoltaic efficiency: energy level cascades and promotion of triplet state excitons. The former relies on a thin layer of material placed between the active layers of a photovoltaic device to destabilize excitons. If the interfacial material is chosen properly, it can significantly improve device performance. The second method proposes to use quantum mechanical rules to reduce the rate of loss in organic photovoltaic devices. An electron in a triplet state cannot directly drop to the ground state by emitting a photon, so triplet excitons have longer lifetimes, and are thus more likely to diffuse to an interface to be dissociated. But this work suggests that, once they are at the interface, they are less likely to be dissociated than a singlet.
by Jason M. Sussman.
S.M.
Blondel, Paul. "Photovoltaics in positive energy buildings". Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-181961.
Texto completoSaravanapavanantham, Mayuran. "Large-area lightweight organic photovoltaics". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128347.
Texto completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-77).
Lightweight conformable electronics enabled by organic materials and thin-film processing techniques present an avenue towards novel device applications. Imperceptible integration of such devices presents an opportunity towards reimagining how any surface around us can be made electronically active for purposes of sensing, computing, lighting, energy-harvesting, sound generation, etc. Critical to this would be availability of manufacturing techniques amenable for large-area coverage and material sets with sufficient mechanical resilience to withstand day-to-day human handling. Herein, we present vapor-deposited fabrication of large-area ultra-lightweight organic photovoltaics, reinforcement of such large-area devices with lamination to light weight composite fabrics, and present solution-coating approaches of organic photovoltaics as a step towards realizing all-printed lightweight electronics. Solution-coated devices are also evaluated for their use in low-light performance for indoor energy-harvesting applications.
by Mayuran Saravanapavanantham.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Zacco, Gabriele. "Plasmonic Nanostructures for Enhanced Photovoltaics". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422189.
Texto completoNegli ultimi anni, la comunità scientifica ha largamente riconosciuto la possibilità di impiegare i fenomeni legati alle risonanze plasmoniche nei metalli, sfruttandone le particolari caratteristiche per il miglioramento delle performance di dispositivi optoelettronici. Tali soluzioni sono spesso ampiamente vantaggiose, ad esempio nel campo della sensoristica, in termini di miglioramento dell’efficienza nella rivelazione di specie chimiche e biologiche. Un altro campo di crescente attenzione è l’applicazione delle plasmonica al fotovoltaico. In tal caso, la capacità dei reticoli plasmonici di rimodulare lo spettro della radiazione solare incidente consente di migliorare l’efficienza di conversione energetica. In questo contesto si colloca questo lavoro, incentrato nel corso di questi tre anni, nello studio, nella realizzazione e nella caratterizzazione di reticoli plasmonici con l’intento di integrarli in dispositivi più complessi, come le celle fotovoltaiche a silicio cristallino. In primo luogo, si è proceduto sviluppando un modello semplificato di reticolo metallico, posto al di sopra di uno strato semi-infinito di silicio, al fine di chiarire il ruolo e le potenzialità delle risonanze ottiche che si generano quando il dispositivo viene irradiato dall’alto da una sorgente monocromatica polarizzata. Successivamente, è stata condotta una ulteriore analisi di ottimizzazione globale dei parametri geometrici e dei materiali su diverse configurazioni di celle solari, al fine di individuare le caratteristiche tecniche migliori che garantissero un guadagno in assorbimento, integrato sulla più ampia porzione di spettro solare. Le fasi di simulazione e ottimizzazione sono state infine seguite dal design di un processo di nanofabbricazione che permettesse l’integrazione delle nanostrutture metalliche ottimizzate su celle solari a silicio cristallino. Parte del lavoro è stato mirato alla progettazione e realizzazione di un sistema di litografia per la nanofabbricazione di reticoli plasmonici su grandi aree, chiamato Litografia Interferenziale che, dai primi mesi del 2010 è operativo presso l’Istituto IOM – CNR di Trieste. Mediante l’utilizzo di questa tecnica sono stati messi a punto diversi processi di nanofabbricazione, tra i quali quello per la realizzazione di reticoli con profilo sinusoidale e la loro integrazione in un biosensore per la rivelazione di DNA e lo studio delle potenzialità in termini litografici di materiali di tipo solgel ibridi organici\inorganici. Il processo per la realizzazione dei reticoli sulle celle solari è stato messo a punto e i campioni realizzati sono stati analizzati mediante misure morfologiche (SEM, AFM) e ottiche. Infine, le celle solari ottenute sono state caratterizzate mediante le misure delle principali figure di merito, tra cui le caratteristiche di densità di corrente-tensione (JV) e l’efficienza quantica esterna (EQE). Dalle misure JV è stato riscontrato un significativo aumento di efficienza per le celle integranti i reticoli plasmonici, in confronto a quelle convenzionali usate come riferimento, principalmente dovuto all’aumento della densità di corrente di corto circuito. Gli spettri di EQE mostrano un aumento nella regione del vicino infrarosso, per luce incidente polarizzata in modo tale da eccitare anche risonanze plasmoniche, come atteso dai risultati del modello sviluppato. I risultati raggiunti e presentati in questa tesi dimostrano l’effettiva possibilità dell’uso di nanostrutture metalliche per il rimodulazione e altresì il controllo del fenomeno di assorbimento della luce all’interno delle celle fotovoltaiche a silicio cristallino. I risultati soddisfano ampiamente le ipotesi in quanto aprono una nuova frontiera per l’applicazione anche ad altri tipologie di celle quali ad esempio quelle a film sottile o organiche. In tali dispositivi, infatti, la riduzione del materiale assorbente, al fine di massimizzare la raccolta della carica e di ridurre i costi, rende di primaria importanza la ricerca di queste nuove soluzioni per il miglioramento dell’assorbimento della luce. La direzione verso cui si stanno concentrando enormi sforzi di ricerca negli ultimi anni è quella della realizzazione di dispositivi “spessi dal punto di vista della luce incidente e sottili per la raccolta della carica generata”.
Howells, Calvyn T. "Material and device design for organic photovoltaics". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6810.
Texto completoTominaga, Miwa. "Opportunities for thin film photovoltaics in Building Integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)with a focus on Australia". Thesis, Tominaga, Miwa (2009) Opportunities for thin film photovoltaics in Building Integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)with a focus on Australia. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/2081/.
Texto completoHo, Andrea. "Creating preliminary specifications for printed photovoltaics". Click here to view, 2010. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/grcsp/16/.
Texto completoProject advisor: Malcolm Keif. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Apr. 20, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.
Thomsen, Elizabeth Alice. "Characterisation of materials for organic photovoltaics". Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/462.
Texto completoDörling, Bernhard. "Conjugated materials for thermoelectrics and photovoltaics". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405360.
Texto completoThis thesis explores ways of how interactions between organic materials can be exploited to obtain additional functionality in a simple manner, without the need for complex processing. The obtained results have applications in the field of organic photovoltaics and thermoelectrics. The work focuses on materials such as conjugated polymers and carbon nanotubes, and simple solution-based deposition processes such as blade coating. The first part presents results on the ellipsometric characterization of the optical properties of conjugated polymers and their blends with fullerenes or dopants. Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry was used not only to characterize the optical constants of new, highly absorbing polymers, but also to investigate the effect of solvent additives on the degree of vertical phase segregation in polymer:fullerene blends. The second part details the work on nanocomposites of conjugated polymers and carbon nanotubes, a promising class of organic thermoelectric materials. Because conjugated polymers allow for efficient debundling of carbon nanotubes, these nanocomposites can be prepared readily. They exhibit both a good electrical conductivity and a low thermal conductivity, which are necessary requisites for good thermoelectric performance. Of particular interest are n-type composites containing nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, as well as processing methods that allow to change the majority carrier type. The third part focuses on simple fabrication techniques for organic photovoltaic devices, with the particular objective of obtaining oriented layers of conjugated polymers. This was achieved by locally controlling solvent evaporation to influence the directional epitaxial crystallization of conjugated polymers on a crystalline solvent additive. The developed method allows to prepare two distinct types of films. If the nucleation of the additive is confined to the one-dimensional contact line during blade-coating, then uniaxially oriented films with a fibrillar morphology are obtained. By confining the nucleation to a point, a circular crystalline superstructure known as a spherulite can be grown at any desired location in the film. The organic photovoltaic devices that were prepared from these oriented films have applications as detectors of the polarization state of light.
Löper, Philipp [Verfasser]. "Silicon Nanostructures for Photovoltaics / Philipp Löper". Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053904584/34.
Texto completoGianferante, Nicholas F. (Nicholas Frank) 1964. "The application of photovoltaics for buildings". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80151.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 83-84).
by Nicholas F. Gianferante.
M.Eng.
Schmidt-Mende, Lukas Johannes. "Photovoltaics from discotic liquid crystalline materials". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620728.
Texto completoStec, Helena M. "Metal window electrodes for organic photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57652/.
Texto completoPegg, Lara-Jane. "Controlling hole extraction in organic photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55114/.
Texto completoLafta, Abbas Jassim Attia. "New materials for photocatalysis and photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4105/.
Texto completoSutton, Rebecca J. "Towards stable perovskite materials for photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4cc567a2-9c2f-44c8-9fdf-b2d0493683d3.
Texto completoKaplan, Abram Walden. "Energy Sustainability: The Case of Photovoltaics". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1503314549048876.
Texto completoYi, Chao. "SOLUTION-PROCESSED POLYMERIC THERMOELECTRICS AND PHOTOVOLTAICS". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1472639791.
Texto completoHutter, Oliver S. "Nanostructured copper electrodes for organic photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/71005/.
Texto completoBristow, Noel. "Outdoor stability studies in organic photovoltaics". Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/outdoor-stability-studies-in-organic-photovoltaics(47de6824-7d4f-4d3c-8b00-82704f252d45).html.
Texto completoYandt, Mark. "Characterization and Performance Analysis of High Efficiency Solar Cells and Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20535.
Texto completoWu, Yuechen y Raymond K. Kostuk. "Two-junction holographic spectrum-splitting microconcentrating photovoltaic system". SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623284.
Texto completoKijovský, František. "Fotovoltaický on-grid systém s akumulací". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219414.
Texto completoDvořák, Vít. "Návrh fotovoltaické elektrárny pro rodinný dům v okrese Jihlava". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442514.
Texto completoAnnegren, Emma, David Hällqvist y Salander Karin. "Optimization of a Photovoltaic System at an Office Complex : A Case Study of Photovoltaics at PLAN4 Uppsala Sweden". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225560.
Texto completoOlson, Jeremy D. "Novel photovoltaics : an introduction to basic characterization /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Texto completoAeberhard, Urs. "A microscopic theory of quantum well photovoltaics /". Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17966.
Texto completoAttygalle, Muthuthanthrige Lilani C. "Theoretical modeling of polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaics /". Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1204144362.
Texto completoMohamamd, Ali Mahmoudzadeh Ahmadi Nejad. "Carbon nanotubes for biomolecular sensing and photovoltaics". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2609.
Texto completoEiffert, Patrina. "An economic appraisal of building-integrated photovoltaics". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264530.
Texto completoSchumann, Stefan. "Interface modification in organic and hybrid photovoltaics". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/38432/.
Texto completo