Bibliografías temáticas / Photovoltaic hybrid thermal collectors (PVT)

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Photovoltaic hybrid thermal collectors (PVT)"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 24 de agosto de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Photovoltaic hybrid thermal collectors (PVT)"

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Raj, Ewa, Katarzyna Znajdek, Mateusz Dionizy, Przemysław Czarnecki, Przemysław Niedzielski, Łukasz Ruta y Zbigniew Lisik. "Artificial Sun—A Stand to Test New PVT Minimodules". Energies 15, n.º 9 (7 de mayo de 2022): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093430.

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Hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) modules have gained more attention because of their benefits of higher total efficiency and lower gross area of installation in comparison with photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal collectors (T). Although international standards for separate panels, photovoltaics, or thermal collectors are available, the lack of testing procedures for PVT panels is a problem, especially if a high level of integration between the two parts is implemented. In the paper, a new stand to test new PVT minimodules is proposed and verified. It allows a reduction of the influence of environmental conditions on the tested T or PVT structures. Research conducted on lamp configurations confirms the possibility of achieving a high uniformity of light intensity, with values close to the AM1.5 spectrum standard (1049 ± 34 W/m2). The first measurements of new PVT minimodules have proven their usefulness, as well as the potential of a new hybrid solution.
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Mustapha, Muslizainun, Ahmad Fudholi, Chan Hoy Yen, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan y Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Review on Energy and Exergy Analysis of Air and Water Based Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2018): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1366-1373.

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<p class="AEuroAbstract">In photovoltaic thermal hybrid (PV/T) collectors, the electricity and thermal energy are produce simultaneously. PV/T technology has been proven in previous studies where it could give benefits for high energy demand supplementary. For example, in space heating, domestic water heating and also drying. The PVT collectors can be classified into air-based PVT, water-based PVT and dual-fluid (air+water) PVT collector. In this paper, the analysis of energy and exergy efficiency of PVT collectors are compiled and reviewed. This study has found that generally the energy and exergy efficiency are range from 40%-70% and 5%-20%, respectively.</p>
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Mustapha, Muslizainun, Ahmad Fudholi, Chan Hoy Yen, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan y Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Review on Energy and Exergy Analysis of Air and Water Based Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2018): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1367-1373.

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<p class="AEuroAbstract">In photovoltaic thermal hybrid (PV/T) collectors, the electricity and thermal energy are produce simultaneously. PV/T technology has been proven in previous studies where it could give benefits for high energy demand supplementary. For example, in space heating, domestic water heating and also drying. The PVT collectors can be classified into air-based PVT, water-based PVT and dual-fluid (air+water) PVT collector. In this paper, the analysis of energy and exergy efficiency of PVT collectors are compiled and reviewed. This study has found that generally the energy and exergy efficiency are range from 40%-70% and 5%-20%, respectively.</p>
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Ewe, Win Eng, Ahmad Fudholi, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Nilofar Asim, Yoyon Ahmudiarto y Agus Salim. "Overview on Recent PVT Systems with Jet Impingement". International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, n.º 6 (31 de diciembre de 2021): 1951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390633.

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Jet impingement cooling has been utilized to improve the performance of solar energy technologies such as solar collectors, PV systems, PVT systems, and CPV systems. This article provides an overview of current PVT systems using jet impingement. The distinctions between each study, such as research results and PVT system design, are examined and contrasted. The summary demonstrates that solar collectors are the most widely utilized solar energy technology owing to their direct manufacture. There are 20 solar collector studies, 5 for photovoltaic, 9 for photovoltaic thermal, and 8 for concentrator photovoltaic. Geometric characteristics such as jet diameter, spacing, and nozzle height are critical for maximum performance. Furthermore, numerous kinds of coolant jets, such as air, water, and nanofluid, may be seen from the overview. Hybrid systems, such as PVT or CPVT systems, perform better since they create thermal and electrical energy. As a result, more research into developing the hybrid system is advised.
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Sawicka-Chudy, Paulina, Maciej Sibiński, Marian Cholewa, Maciej Klein, Katarzyna Znajdek y Adam Cenian. "Tests and theoretical analysis of a pvt hybrid collector operating under various insolation conditions". Acta Innovations, n.º 26 (1 de enero de 2018): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.26.7.

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The main goal of the study was to investigate the relationship between the orientation of the PVT (PhotoVoltaic Thermal) collector and the thermal and electric power generated. Extensive research was performed to find optimal tilt angles for hybrid solar thermal collectors, which combine photovoltaic as well as thermal collection in a single unit, known as PVT (PhotoVoltaic Thermal) modules for an office building with working hours between 7.00 and 16.00. The comprehensive study included field measurements of the modules in central Poland and tests under AM (air mass) 1.5 conditions in a certified laboratory KEZO (Centre for Energy Conversion and Renewable Resources) Polish Academy of Sciences in Jablonna. Furthermore, a PVT system was investigated using the simulation method based on the dedicated Polysun software. The PV characteristics and efficiency of the PV module and the relation between power or efficiency of the PVT module and incidence angle of solar-irradiance were studied. Optimal work conditions for commercial PVT modules were ascertained. In addition, it was found that the maximum efficiencies of PV module (ηPV), solar thermal-collector (ηc) and PVT hybrid collector (ηPVT) registered under field conditions were higher than the ones measured under laboratory conditions.
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Chavarría-Domínguez, Benjamín, Susana Estefany De León-Aldaco, Nicolás Velázquez-Limón, Mario Ponce-Silva, Jesús Armando Aguilar-Jiménez y Fernando Chavarría-Domínguez. "A Review of the Modeling of Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors Coupled to Solar Receivers with Photovoltaic/Thermal Generation". Energies 17, n.º 7 (26 de marzo de 2024): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071582.

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This paper is a summary of the last ten years of work on the study of parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) and compound parabolic collectors (CPCs) coupled to photovoltaic and thermal solar receiver collectors (SCR-PVTs). While reviewing the state of the art, numerous review papers were found that focused on conventional solar receiver collector (SRC) technology for solar thermal generation. However, there is a lack of review papers summarizing SRC-PVT hybrid technology for solar electric/thermal generation, which would be beneficial for researchers interested in this area of research. This paper provides a review of SRC-PVT hybrid technologies. The theoretical foundations for analyzing and modeling PTC and CPC concentrators coupled to SRC-PVT are described, with an emphasis on modeling through thermal resistances and energy balances. Additionally, this section provides a concise overview of previous studies that have addressed the modeling of PTC and CPC collectors coupled to SCR-PVT, as well as experimental information useful for the validation of new mathematical models of SRC-PVT.
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Bayod-Rújula, Ángel A., Amaya Martínez-Gracia, Alejandro Del Amo, Marta Cañada, Sergio Usón, Javier Uche y Juan A. Tejero. "Integration of Thermoelectric generators (TEG) in Solar PVT panels". Energies and Quality Journal 1 (junio de 2019): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/eqj19.355.

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Photovoltaic-thermal hybrid panels (PVT) simultaneously generate electricity and heat with a greater overall efficiency than photovoltaic (PV) and thermal (ST) panels independently. Hybrid PVT-TEG intends to go a step further by integrating thermoelectric modules (TEG) that, based on the Seebeck effect, produce electricity from a temperature difference, thus allowing an additional production of electricity and thus an increase of energy efficiency. In this paper, the design and construction of an experimental installation, consisting of two solar collectors PVT, one of them with 19 TEG modules integrated is presented. This prototype will allow to observe the increase in the electrical production that can be obtained by introducing TEG in PVT modules and the differences in the behaviour (yields and W/Q ratio) between modules with and without TEG. Key words Photovoltaic-thermal hybrid panels (PVT), Thermoelectric generators (TEG), Solar energy; Energy efficiency
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Saadi Zine, Boukhlef Djedjiga, Salem Fethya, Lachtar Salah y Bouraoui Ahmed. "Experimental Study of Hybrid Photovoltaic (PV/T) Thermal Solar Collector with Air Cooling for Domestic Use: A Thermal and Electrical Performances Evaluation". Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 116, n.º 1 (25 de abril de 2024): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.116.1.170183.

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Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) collectors convert solar energy into both electrical and thermal energy. This conversion enables the cooling of solar cells while also allowing the produced thermal energy to be used to heat water or space. A hybrid solar panel converts the heat emitted by photovoltaic cells into a transfer fluid (liquid or air), enhancing PV cell efficiency while also producing useful solar heat for household hot water or heating. The heated air extracted from the PV/T collector can be used as a heat source for the building. The paper presents a baffle-based collector for a photovoltaic/thermal system (PVT) to increase output from the system using solar power by comparison with a PVT system without baffles, and its electrical and thermal performance are analysed with the experimental results. Baffles are a solution for optimizing the performance of flat plate solar collectors, which often have low performance. Three typical days from the March 2022 season were chosen and presented as part of this study. For the experiments, two fans were used for air extraction in the PV/T collector, with three speeds chosen: 0.02804 m3/s, 0.0082 m3/s, and 0.016 m3/s, respectively. The variation in thermal and electrical efficiencies of PV/T solar collectors has been calculated for the three tests of March 3, 4, and 5, 2022. The results indicated that the thermal and electrical efficiencies of the PV/T collector were on average 86% and about 9%, respectively, and the thermal efficiency improved by 22% compared with a PV/T collector without baffles in the absorber.
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Abbas, Hind Mohand, Issam Mohammed Ali y Hussein Mohammed Taqi Al-Najjar. "Experimental Study of Electrical and Thermal Efficiencies of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Solar Water Collector with and Without Glass Cover". Journal of Engineering 27, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.01.01.

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Investigating the thermal and electrical gains and efficiencies influence the designed photovoltaic thermal hybrid collector (PVT) under different weather conditions. The designed system was manufactured by attaching a fabricated cooling system made of serpentine tubes to a single PV panel and connecting it to an automatic controlling system for measuring, monitoring, and simultaneously collecting the required data. A removable glass cover had been used to study the effects of glazed and unglazed PVT panel situations. The research was conducted in February (winter) and July (summer), and March for daily solar radiation effects on efficiencies. The results indicated that electrical and thermal gains increased by the increase in solar radiation. The average rise in PVT water collectors' thermal energy efficiency with a glass cover for three cases was 5% compared with the unglazed PVT water collector. While the maximum total efficiencies of 79 % and 69.5 % for glazed and unglazed collectors were recorded under maximum solar radiation of 1100 W/m2 and maximum water flow rate in the tubes system for July. The recorded result seemed promising and significant, indicating that the manufactured system is useful for adjusting PVT thermal and electrical efficiencies for cold and hot weather conditions.
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Abbas, Hind Mohand, Issam Mohammed Ali y Hussein Mohammed Taqi. "Experimental Study of Electrical and Thermal Efficiencies of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Solar Water Collector with and Without Glass Cover". Journal of Engineering 27, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/10.31026/j.eng.2021.01.01.

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Investigating the thermal and electrical gains and efficiencies influence the designed photovoltaic thermal hybrid collector (PVT) under different weather conditions. The designed system was manufactured by attaching a fabricated cooling system made of serpentine tubes to a single PV panel and connecting it to an automatic controlling system for measuring, monitoring, and simultaneously collecting the required data. A removable glass cover had been used to study the effects of glazed and unglazed PVT panel situations. The research was conducted in February (winter) and July (summer), and March for daily solar radiation effects on efficiencies. The results indicated that electrical and thermal gains increased by the increase in solar radiation. The average rise in PVT water collectors' thermal energy efficiency with a glass cover for three cases was 5% compared with the unglazed PVT water collector. While the maximum total efficiencies of 79 % and 69.5 % for glazed and unglazed collectors were recorded under maximum solar radiation of 1100 W/m2 and maximum water flow rate in the tubes system for July. The recorded result seemed promising and significant, indicating that the manufactured system is useful for adjusting PVT thermal and electrical efficiencies for cold and hot weather conditions.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Photovoltaic hybrid thermal collectors (PVT)"

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Aldubyan, Mohammad Hasan. "Thermo-Economic Study of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) Solar Collectors Combined with Borehole Thermal Energy Storage Systems". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1493243575479443.

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Linde, Daniel. "Evaluation of a Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector prototype". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24061.

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This Master thesis, in collaboration with Morgonsol Väst AB, was completed as a part of the Solar Energy engineering program at Dalarna University. It analyses the electrical and thermal performance of a prototype PVT collector developed by Morgonsol Väst AB. By following the standards EN 12975 and EN ISO 9806 as guides, the thermal tests of the collector were completed at the facility in Borlänge. The electrical performance of the PVT collector was evaluated by comparing it to a reference PV panel fitted next to it. The result from the tests shows an improved electrical performance of the PVT collector caused by the cooling and a thermal performance described by the linear efficiency curve ηth=0.53-21.6(Tm-Ta/G). The experimental work in this thesis is an initial study of the prototype PVT collector that will supply Morgonsol Väst with important data for future development and research of the product.
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Saizar, Zubeldia Xabier y Montagut Gerard Vila. "Analysis of the Solarus C-PVT solar collector and design of a new prototype : Market review and Production process guideline". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21679.

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Finding cleaner and sustainable energy resources is one of the most important concerns for the development of humanity. Solar energy is taking an essential role in this matter as the production cost of solar collectors is decreasing and more solar installations are being set up every year throughout the world. One way of reducing the cost of solar panels is by using concentrators that are cheaper than the costly photovoltaic cells and can increase their output. Solarus AB designed a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) hybrid collector that uses this principle and which is a variation of the Maximum Reflector Collector (MaReCo) design and is a Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC). This thesis has two main objectives. The first one is to design variations of the actual Solarus’ design and some alternative MaReCo designs and pure parabola designs. These designs include new solar cell cuts which are based on 4 busbar solar cells. In this way a future in-depth analysis may be carried out by comparing different receiver designs and collector boxes. The second goal is to investigate the current electrical and thermal performance of the collectors from Solarus AB which are installed in the Hus 45 of HiG. The appropriate data of the installation has been obtained using simulations and specific software, and it has been analysed with Microsoft Excel®. Concerning the new designs of the receivers and boxes, everything has been prepared for the future construction of the prototypes. All the measurements and their adjustments have been taken into account to define the size of the components and the process of building has been set up. Moreover, some future work has been planned in order to move forward the project. Regarding the analysis of the HiG installation, both electrical and thermal performance have resulted to be significantly lower compared with their estimated simulation, being their real output around 60 % of the estimated one. In the thermal part, the losses in the pipeline result to be more than a third part of the produced heat. In the electrical part, the production varies a lot between different collectors due to some of them do not work properly, consequence of poor condition of the solar panels (broken cells, dirt, shading, etc.).
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Schön, Gustav. "NUMERICAL MODELLING OF A NOVEL PVT COLLECTOR AT CELL RESOLUTION". Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212731.

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Solar photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) modules produce heat and power via a heat exchanger attached to the rear of the PV cells. The novel PVT collector in this study is previously untested and therefore its behaviour and thermo-electric performance due to fluid channel configuration and in various climate and operating conditions are unknown. Moreover, the working fluid flowing through the heat exchanger cause a temperature gradient across the module such that a cell near the inlet and a cell near the outlet may have significant temperature differences. PV cells are sensitive to temperature; however the most common way to simulate power output from a PVT is to use the average temperature and ignore the gradient. In this study, a single diode PV model is incorporated into a commercial thermal solver to co-simulate the thermal and electrical output of a novel PVT module design with cell level resolution. The PVT system is modelled in steady state under various wind speeds, inlet temperatures, ambient temperatures, flow rates, irradiation, convection coefficients from coolant and back of the module and two different fluid channel configurations. The results show that of the controllable variables, the inlet temperature has the highest influence of the total power output and that a parallel flow of the fluid channel configuration is preferable. The difference between the cell resolution and the module resolution simulations do not motivate the use of a higher resolution numerical simulation.
En kombinerad solcellspanel och solvärmefångare (PVT) producerar värme och elenergi på samma yta genom att en värmeväxlare upptar värmen från baksidan av solcellspanelen. Den PVT som berörs i denna studien är nyutvecklad och har aldrig tidigare testats, vilket medför att data för hur den beter sig samt dess termo-elektiska prestanda saknas för olika driftförhållanden samt flödeskonfigurationer. Vidare ger mediet som flödar genom värmeväxlaren upphov till en temperaturgradient, vilken kan innebära en påtaglig skillnad i temperatur mellan solcellerna i solcellspanelen vid mediets in- respektive utlopp. Trots solcellers temperaturkänslighet, så sker simulering i allmänhet med avseende på panelens medeltemperatur istället för att hänsyn tas till denna temperaturgradient. I den här studien implementeras en så kallad  ”single diode”-modell i en kommersiell numerisk mjukvara termiska beräkningar för att samsimulera termiskt och elektriskt effektuttag ur den nyutvecklade PVT-designen. Designen modelleras statiskt under givna variationer av vindhastighet, inloppstemperatur, omgivande temperatur, flödeshastighet, solinstrålning och konvektionskoefficienter för mediet samt baksidan av modulen. Resultaten visar att kontrollerbara variabler som inloppstemperatur har högst inverkan på den totala effekten samt att en parallell flödeskonfiguration lämpar sig bäst. Studien visar också att skillnaden mellan simulering på cellnivå och modulnivå inte motiverar en numerisk beräkningsmetod med upplösning satt till solcellsnivå.
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Nedjar, Achraf. "Dimensionnement et optimisation d'un système photovoltaïque thermique avec intégration dans le bâtiment pour la production de froid". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1285.

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Cette thèse présente une étude complète sur les performances d'un système hybride photovoltaïque / thermique (PVT) dimensionné pour la production de froid par adsorption. Le logiciel de simulation dynamique TRNSYS a été utilisé pour simuler le système tenant compte des conditions météorologiques d'Alger situé au nord de l'Algérie. L'étude prend en considération la génération effective d'énergie thermique par les capteurs, ainsi que la variation réelle des performances du refroidisseur à adsorption. L'objectif principal étant de dimensionner et d'optimiser le système solaire avec un stockage calorifique afin de garantir une production de froid stabilisée durant toute l'année.Préalablement, une revue approfondie de la littérature a été dressée, examinant les systèmes hybrides PVT, les systèmes de refroidissement à sorption solaire, ainsi que les recherches existantes qui explorent la combinaison de ces deux technologies.En second lieu, une étude numérique sur la géométrie de l'échangeur du collecteur PVT a permis de déterminer que la géométrie en nappe offre les meilleurs rendements thermique et global. De plus, la gamme de température de l'eau chaude délivrée par ces capteurs, notamment les collecteurs DualSun correspond aux températures de fonctionnement des machine de froid solaire à adsorption.Ensuite, les composants du système PVT - Adsorption ont été dimensionné et un modèle mathématique a été élaboré et validé par des travaux expérimentaux publiés. L'étude des performances du système pour une production de froid entre 4°C et 8 °C a révélé que les capteurs hybrides DualSun offrent une production annuelle optimale. En outre, le système de refroidissement par adsorption permet de répondre à 36 % du besoin le long de l'année. La différence de température entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de l'enceinte à refroidir permet d'équilibrer l'offre et la demande de froid. Il a aussi été relevé que le rendement thermique est fortement affecté par la température ambiante alors que le rendement électrique est plus sensible au rayonnement solaire.L'analyse des pertes du dispositif de stockage a indiqué que celles-ci dépendent d'une part, de la différence de température entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur du ballon de stockage avec des valeurs plus significatives pendant la saison estivale. D'autres part, les pertes dépendent aussi du volume du ballon qui a été optimisé en vue de limiter l'échange thermique avec l'extérieur.L'analyse économique du système PVT - Adsorption proposé a révélé sa viabilité sous certaines conditions clés, principalement liées au coût de l'électricité. La rentabilité est atteinte à condition que le coût de l'électricité dépasse le seuil de 0,08 USD/kWh.L'analyse environnementale a permis de déterminer le taux de l'atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre en fonction des facteurs de conversion liés à la production d'électricité. Le système contribue à l'atténuation d'environ 30 tonnes de dioxyde de carbone par an.Les performances du système PVT - Adsorption ont été également étudiées sous diffèrent climats, méditerranéen, subtropical humide et désertique aride. Les résultats ont indiqué que le système est plus productif sous un climat désertique aride et plus efficace sous un climat méditerranéen, qui présente une meilleure régularité entre l'offre et la demande en matière de refroidissement.La combinaison des technologies PVT et adsorption solaire se révèle ainsi être efficiente pour la production de froid et peut contribuer de façon significative pour atteindre les objectifs du développement durable
This thesis presents a comprehensive study of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) system performance dimensioned for cold production by adsorption. TRNSYS dynamic simulation software was used to simulate the system, considering meteorological conditions in Algiers, northern Algeria. The study takes into account the actual generation of thermal energy by the collectors, as well as the actual variation in performance of the adsorption chiller. The main objective is to dimension and optimize the solar system with thermal energy storage to guarantee stabilized cooling production throughout the year.Prior to this, an extensive literature review was carried out, examining PVT hybrid systems, solar sorption cooling systems, as well as existing research exploring the combination of these two technologies.Secondly, a numerical study of the PVT collector's exchanger geometry determined that the water table geometry offers the best thermal and overall efficiency. In addition, the temperature range of the hot water delivered by collectors with this geometry, notably DualSun manifolds, corresponds to the operating temperatures of adsorption solar chillers.Next, the PVT - Adsorption system components were dimensioned and a mathematical model was developed and validated by published experimental work. A study of the system's performance for cooling needs between 4°C and 8°C revealed that DualSun hybrid collectors offer optimum annual production. Furthermore, the adsorption cooling system is able to meet 36% of year-round demand. The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cooling enclosure balances cooling supply and demand. It was also noted that thermal efficiency is strongly affected by ambient temperature, whereas electrical efficiency is more sensitive to solar radiation.Analysis of storage system losses showed that these depend, on the one hand, on the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the storage tank, with more significant values during the summer season. On the other hand, losses also depend on the volume of the storage tank, which has been optimized to limit heat exchange with the outside.Economic analysis of the proposed PVT - Adsorption system has revealed its viability under certain key conditions, mainly related to the cost of electricity. Profitability is achieved provided that the cost of electricity exceeds the threshold of 0.08 USD/kWh.The environmental analysis determined the rate of mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions as a function of the conversion factors associated with electricity generation. The system contributes to the mitigation of around 30 tons of carbon dioxide per year.The performance of the PVT - Adsorption system was studied under different climates: Mediterranean, humid subtropical and arid desert. The results showed that the system is more productive in an arid desert climate and more efficient in a Mediterranean climate, which offers better regularity between cooling supply and demand.In sum, the combination of PVT and solar adsorption technologies is therefore proving to be an efficient way of producing cold, and can make a significant contribution to achieving sustainable development goals
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6

Guarracino, Ilaria. "Hybrid photovoltaic and solar thermal (PVT) systems for solar combined heat and power". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58172.

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Solar is a particularly promising sustainable energy source in terms of its potential to displace the burning of fossil fuels for heat and power, heating and even cooling, albeit at a cost. The sun load-factor profile has a close and predictable match to the daily varying energy demand for heat and electricity, both thermal and electrical, and thermal storage for periods of low irradiance can be made readily available. In addition, solar thermal technologies can provide a significant fraction of the hot water demand in households, as well as space heating and cooling in residential buildings and for industrial facilities. In fact, solar heating has been proposed as one of the leading solutions in terms of its potential for greenhouse gas abatement [1]. At the small scale, photovoltaic systems presently dominate the domestic solar market with solar to electrical conversion efficiencies of around 15% and at a competitive cost for the building owner. Solar photovoltaic installations were encouraged in Europe at the local level with financial support and now constitute a large and mature market with continuously falling prices. Solar thermal systems are able to make use of a larger proportion of the solar resource as they convert solar energy into heat with a higher efficiency than the PV conversion efficiency. Moreover, the low temperature heat may be used to satisfying the largest portion of the demand for thermal energy that is currently met by fossil fuels. The development of the solar thermal market is strongly dependent on the availability of the local irradiance level and on the cost of the alternative sources of thermal energy. In some countries in Europe the solar thermal market is quite mature (e.g. Austria), whilst in others, such as in the UK, solar thermal energy still contributes marginally to the energy mix and solar thermal systems are not yet cost competitive. Due to the high costs of solar thermal energy systems, these constitute a relatively small market at present with the potential to grow substantially in the near future. A competitive solution for energy (heat and power) provision in buildings is the development of combined solar photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems which produce both electricity and heat simultaneously from the same aperture area. This solution is particularly suited to residential applications in urban areas, where the demand for electricity is accompanied by a demand for low temperature heat, and space for solar installations is scarce. Many alternative technologies for PVT integration exist and PVT units can be coupled with various systems for domestic hot water generation and/or space heating. At the design stage of a PVT system, decisions have to be made on the absorber characteristics (consisting of thermal collector and PV laminate), on the thermal to electrical yield ratio and on the application (industrial or residential application, stand alone or grid connected). These design parameters influence the requirements on the fluid temperature and electricity output, and the overall efficiency. In addition, system control can significantly impact the potential of such systems in terms of their performance characteristics in different applications. The aim of this present research effort was to demonstrate the technical and practical feasibility of a novel, high-efficiency hybrid PVT water system, by considering an affordable, small-scale, modular unit that can be scaled easily to cater to varying demand levels. The research investigated the technical issues related to PVT panel technology, by looking in particular at the optical efficiency of the PV cells, at the heat transfer from the PV cells to the fluid, and at the integration of such a unit in a heat and power provision system that attempts to match generation and local demand. A detailed numerical model was developed that constitutes a tool for testing various collector and system designs. The model was validated against experimental data. An experimental apparatus was designed and constructed for the purpose of evaluating the collector model and for collecting a database of performance data on PVT collectors. Collector performance data are scarce at the moment due to the relatively small market size, thus the work constitutes a reference for further development and analysis of this type of collectors. Steady-state tests and dynamic tests were performed on PVT collectors and the results were used to develop a reliable model of collector performance over a wide range of time-varying operating conditions. The model allowed for assessments of various solar PVT system designs under different operating conditions and control strategies. Result showed that such systems may underperform if their operation and design is not designed specifically for the local weather conditions and user-demand specific requirements. It is envisaged that emissivity control applied to the solar cells should be adopted for PVT system application, especially if higher operating temperatures are required (e.g. in combination with thermally driven/heat powered cooling systems). The numerical model confirms that solar cells a with low emissivity coating can maximise the thermal energy output of a PVT system. The potential of improved PVT systems is finally assessed from an economic perspective, in an analysis that considers the potential cost reduction of PVT systems in relation to alternative technologies used as a benchmark.
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Nalis, Amrizal. "Quasi-Dynamic Characterization of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Flat-Plate Collectors". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84100.

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Un model híbrid transitòria fotovoltaic / tèrmic ha estat desenvolupat i validat experimentalment. La metodologia s'estén el model tèrmic quasi-dinàmica s'indica a la norma EN 12975 per involucrar el rendiment elèctric i estudiar el comportament dinàmic minimitzar les limitacions de l'hora de caracteritzar el col • lector. Una es mou cap enrere procediment mitjà de filtrat s'ha aplicat per millorar la resposta del model de condicions de treball variables. Quant a la part elèctrica, el model inclou les dependències tèrmiques i la radiació en les seves variables. Els resultats van revelar que els paràmetres característics inclosos en el model raonablement d'acord amb els valors experimentals obtinguts de la norma d'estat estacionari i els mesuraments de la corba característica IV. Després d'un procés de calibració del model proposat és una eina adequada per predir el comportament tèrmic i elèctric d'un col • lector solar híbrida, per un temps determinat conjunt de dades.
A hybrid photovoltaic/thermal transient model has been developed and validated experimentally. The methodology extends the quasi-dynamic thermal model stated in the EN 12975 to involve the electrical performance and to consider the dynamic behaviour minimising constraints when characterising the collector. A backward moving average filtering procedure has been applied to improve the model response for variable working conditions. Concerning the electrical part, the model includes the thermal and radiation dependences in its variables. The results revealed that the characteristic parameters included in the model reasonably agree with the experimental values obtained from standard steady-state and IV characteristic curve measurements. After a calibration process the proposed model is a suitable tool to predict the thermal and electrical performance of a hybrid solar collector, for a specific weather data set
Se ha desarrollado un modelo dinámico para caracterizar colectores solares híbridos térmofotovoltaicos. La metodología extiende el modelo térmico estipulado en la norma EN 12975 involucrando la aportación eléctrica y estudiando el comportamiento dinámico para minimizar las restricciones a la hora de caracterizar el módulo. Se han implementado procedimientos de filtrado que mejoran la respuesta del modelo bajo condiciones variables. En cuanto a la parte eléctrica, el modelo incluye las dependencias térmicas y la radiación en sus variables. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de caracterización dinámica del colector híbrido PV/T revelaron que los parámetros característicos incluidos en el modelo concuerdan razonablemente bien con los valores experimentales obtenidos siguiendo el estándar de caracterización estacionaria, la capacidad calorífica efectiva y las mediciones de la curva característica IV. Después de un proceso de calibración, el modelo es una herramienta adecuada para predecir el comportamiento de un colector solar híbrido, para unas condiciones externas determinadas.
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Zeid, Nayef. "An Overview of PVT Module for the Extraction of Electricity and Heat". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33998.

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The study sets out to review various literatures concerning photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) modules for the extraction of electricity and heat, it also reviews different PVT collectors as well as their performance. The study provides an understanding of a system that fully supports ecological society by promoting the use of solar modules from a different scope in future global resolutions. Furthermore, it looks into renewable energy in Sweden, solar energy and PVT systems, operational principles of hybrid PVT collectors, PVT applications, PVT market and legal face of PVT in Sweden among others. Among other social benefits, PVT system contributes enormously to energy savings and energy consumption which in turn lowers CO2 emissions. The review shows that PVT modules can provide homes and industries with 100% renewable electricity and heat that is affordable. This paper adopts systematic literature review, as it allows thorough cross-examination of various publications regarding the subject.
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Mishra, Rajeev Kumar. "Performance evaluation of hybrid photovoltaic thermal (pvt) systems: a comparative study". Thesis, 2013. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6500.

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PATHAK, MICHAEL. "HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS SILICON PV AS AN ABSORBER COATING FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC THERMAL SYSTEMS". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6870.

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Driven by the limitations of solar-optimized roof space and International Energy Association (IEA) Task 35, there is a renewed interest in photovoltaic solar thermal (PVT) hybrid systems. Current PVT systems focus on cooling the solar photovoltaic (PV) cells to improve the electrical performance. This however, causes the thermal component (T) to underperform. An exergetic study was completed comparing a PVT, PV + T and a PV only system in Detroit, Denver and Phoenix. It was found that the PVT system outperformed the PV + T system by 72% for each location and by 8, 8.6 and 9.9% for Detroit, Denver and Phoenix when compared to the PV only system. To further improve the PVT system, using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) PV as the absorber layer of the solar thermal device was explored. The temperature coefficient and annealing properties of a-Si:H allow the thermal component to run more efficiently, while enabling the a-Si:H i-layers to be thicker resulting in more electricity production. It was found that running i-layer thicker cells (630nm and 840nm) stabilized at higher efficiencies at 90°C (potential PVT operating temperatures) than the thinner cell (420nm) by 2% and 0.5% respectively. In addition, spike annealing, which is a new concept of stagnating a PVT system to allow for the a-Si:H PV to anneal and return it to its original efficiencies was also investigated. It was found that over the lifetime of the system with the spike annealing occurring once a day 10.6% more electricity was produced than a system without stagnation.
Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2011-11-14 11:09:16.727
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Libros sobre el tema "Photovoltaic hybrid thermal collectors (PVT)"

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Gaur, Manoj Kumar, Brian Norton y Gopal Tiwari, eds. Solar Thermal Systems: Thermal Analysis and its Application. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150509501220101.

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This book encapsulates current information about the science behind solar energy and the solar thermal systems available to meet domestic needs. Several scholars have contributed to the chapters in the text in an effort to distill research-oriented topics for learners. The book starts with an explainer on the fundamentals of thermodynamics, heat transfer and solar energy in the first 2 chapters. The basics of some solar thermal devices along with their thermal modeling are covered in the next few chapters, along with solar distillation systems. This is followed by information about the design, development and applications of solar cookers along with their thermal modeling. Thermal modeling of semi-transparent PVT systems and their applications are discussed in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 covers the development in solar photovoltaic technology. Chapter 11 and Chapter 12 discusses thermal modeling of greenhouse solar dryers and presents a case study on a hybrid active greenhouse solar dryer. Chapter 13 covers the thermal analysis of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air heaters employing thermoelectric modules (TEM). The applications of various solar systems in building sectors and the development in this field are covered in Chapter 14. Chapter 15 deals with energy and environ- economics analysis of bio-gas integrated semi-transparent photo-voltaic thermal (Bi-iSPVT) systems for Indian climates. The book has a broad scope and is intended as a resource for students, researchers and teachers in universities, industries, and national and commercial laboratories to help learn the fundamentals and in-depth knowledge of thermal modeling and recent developments in solar heating systems.
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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Photovoltaic hybrid thermal collectors (PVT)"

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Haloui, H., K. Touafek, A. Khelifa y F. Bouti. "A Three-Dimensional Modeling of a Photovoltaic Thermal Hybrid Collector (PVT) Based on CdTe by the Comsol Software". En Springer Proceedings in Energy, 113–21. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2777-7_13.

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Ramos, Figueiredo, António Cardoso y Adérito Alcaso. "Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal Collectors: A Review". En IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 477–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11628-5_53.

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Kubenthiran, Jeeventh, Alhassan Salami Tijani y Muhammad Syafiq Bin Akmad. "Thermal Energy Recovery from Grid Connected Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) System Using Hybrid Nanofluid". En Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 817–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9505-9_72.

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Othman, Mohd Yusof Hj y Faridah Hussain. "Designs of Various Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV/T) Solar Collectors". En Photovoltaics for Sustainable Electricity and Buildings, 95–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39280-6_5.

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Strazzullo, P., D. De Luca, A. Caldarelli, E. Gaudino, M. Musto, A. Di Napoli, R. Russo y E. Di Gennaro. "Modeling and Performance Analysis of High Vacuum Flat Plate Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal Collectors". En Springer Proceedings in Energy, 423–42. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48902-0_29.

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Barbu, Madalina, Monica Siroux y George Darie. "Challenges and Opportunities of Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors and Their Integration into Small-Scale Energy Systems for Prosumers". En Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, 215–58. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1406-3_7.

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Veeramanipriya, E. y A. R. Umayal Sundari. "Structural and Morphological Analysis of Drying Kinetics of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Solar Dryer for Drying of Sweet Potato Slices". En Materials for Sustainable Energy Storage at the Nanoscale, 13–26. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003355755-2.

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Singh, Mrigendra, S. C. Solanki, Basant Agrawal y Rajesh bhargava. "INTRODUCTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC THERMAL COLLECTOR HYBRID SYSTEM FOR IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE OF PV MODULE A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT". En Futuristic Trends in Renewable & Sustainable Energy Volume 3 Book 4, 1–27. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bars4p1ch1.

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Based on the most advanced system components for photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) technologies, this study investigates the convincible contribution of PVT solar collectors to sustainable progress. PVT technologies are a capable way to reduce the excess heat generated by PV panels while also significantly lowering the cost of production and improving energy output. Therefore, the PVT industry's and researchers' ability to reduce the complexity and cost of their present systems in a way that can close the productiveness and price gap with both PV and (ST) Solar Thermal systems is crucial to the technology's development. The information presented in this book chapter was learned after extensive research on PV technology, working, classification, literature review, performance calculation, application and market status, and project growth, which various PVT experts with extensive experience in developing PVT technologies. This knowledge lays the groundwork for PVT solar collectors that are more effective and affordable
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"Indoor performance evaluation of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) hybrid collector". En Emerging Trends in Engineering, Science and Technology for Society, Energy and Environment, 475–82. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351124140-81.

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O. Cabral, Diogo. "Photovoltaic-Thermal Solar Collectors – A Rising Solar Technology for an Urban Sustainable Development". En Urban Transition - Perspectives on Urban Systems and Environments [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104543.

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The increasing global warming awareness related to climate change due to the high emissions of carbon dioxide in recent decades linked all nations into a common cause, which requires ambitious efforts to combat climate change by adapting energy systems to its effects. This book chapter aims at investigating the potential role of Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) solar collector technologies for an urban sustainable development based on the current state-of-art, system components and subsidies for PVT technologies. PVT technologies are a practical solution to compete with isolated systems such as photovoltaic (PV) modules and solar thermal collectors if a significant reduction in manufacturing cost is achieved, coupled with an increased energy production performance. Therefore, its success is intensely linked to the capacity of the PVT industry/researchers to scale down its current system cost and complexity in a way that can shorten the cost/performance gap to both PV and Solar Thermal (ST) technologies. The knowledge gained presented in this book chapter has been acquired through an extensive literature review, market surveys and project development made by several PVT experts with extensive expertise in the development of PVT technologies, which establishes the foundations for more efficient and cost-effective PVT solar collectors.
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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Photovoltaic hybrid thermal collectors (PVT)"

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Ramos, Carlos A. Figueiredo, Adérito N. Alcaso y Antonio J. Marques Cardoso. "Thermography Analysis of Photovoltaic- Thermal (PVT) Solar Collectors". En 2024 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM), 768–75. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/speedam61530.2024.10608833.

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Modrek, Mohamad y Ali Al-Alili. "Experimental Investigation of a Flat Plate Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector". En ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2018 Power Conference and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2018-7223.

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Photovoltaic thermal collectors (PVT) combines technologies of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors into a hybrid system by attaching an absorber to the back surface of a PV panel. PVT collectors have gained a lot of attention recently due to the high energy output per unit area compared to a standalone system of PV panels and solar thermal collectors. In this study, performance of a liquid cooled flat PVT collector under the climatic conditions of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates was experimentally investigated. The electrical performances of the PVT collector was compared to that of a standalone PV panel. Moreover, effect of sand accumulation on performance of PVT collectors was examined. Additionally, effect of mass flow rate on thermal and electrical output of PVT collector was studied. Electrical power output is slightly affected by changes in mass flow rate. However, thermal energy increased by 22% with increasing flow rate. Electrical power output of a PV panel was found to be 38% lower compared to electrical output of PVT collectors. Dust accumulation on PVT surface reduced electrical power output up to 7% compared with a reference PVT collector.
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Nitsas, M. T. y I. P. Koronaki. "Performance Evaluation of Asymmetric CPC-PVT Collectors Connected in Series". En ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70129.

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In this study, a series of thermal-photovoltaic collectors with hybrid reflector geometry and flat plate receiver is investigated experimentally and analytically through fundamental equations regarding solar collectors. The series of five compound parabolic thermophotovoltaic collectors are located in Athens, Greece and the experiments took place in June at open circuit state, i.e. the collectors were not electrically connected. The developed model combines optical and thermal analysis. The main objective of this study is to determine the thermal and the exergetic performance of the collectors under various operating conditions. For these reasons, the developed model is validated with the respective experimental data and afterwards, the solar collector model is examined parametrically for different tilt angles. The experiments are performed with water as heat transfer fluid and for low temperature levels up to 60°C. The final results proved that the investigated solar collectors are able to produce about 2.8 kW useful heat for low working fluid mass flow rates exhibiting at the same time an exergetic efficiency of nearly 1.4%. Also, the results of the developed model showed that the maximization of the produced thermal energy during summer occurs at a tilt angle of 10°.
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Jayasuriya, W. J. A., A. U. C. D. Athukorala, A. T. D. Perera, M. P. G. Sirimanna y R. A. Attalage. "Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Panels Considering Thermal Parameters". En ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59671.

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Solar PVT panels are getting popular for wider spectrum of applications for concurrent heat and power generation (CHP). These panels can provide the heating demand of buildings while generating electricity which becomes ideal for building applications of urban energy systems. Energy flow analysis of such panels and performance analysis of such systems becomes essential to design PVT systems matching with the operating conditions. A number of studies have used both theoretical and experimental methods to optimize PVT. However, this task is challenging due to interrelation of CHP production based on two different phenomena where classical optimization methods cannot be applied directly. Hence basic performance analysis considering primary design parameters plays a major role. In this study, a computational model is developed to evaluate sensitivity of design, operating and climatic parameters for a hybrid PVT system and to analyze the performances of PVT for five different design configurations. Five main configurations of the PVT system are considered based on the heat transfer fluid and the arrangements of glass and tedlar layers of PVT collector. This study presents comprehensive performance analysis conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of mass flow rate and working fluid temperature for the five different design configurations of PVT panels. Results show that glass-tedlar water collector performs better when compared to other configurations. Subsequently, the sensitivity of wind speed and solar irradiation is evaluated. The behavior of thermal and electrical efficiencies is analyzed at different wind speed and solar irradiation levels for a range of mass flow rates and working fluid temperatures. Important conclusions on the performance of PVT panels are given based on this detailed analysis.
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Koronaki, I. P., M. T. Nitsas y E. G. Papoutsis. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Hybrid Solar System in Terms of Thermal Energy Production and Cooling". En ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70128.

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In this study a hybrid solar system, already available in the Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics at NTUA is examined in terms of thermal energy and cooling power production. The system is installed in Athens, Greece and it comprises of two types of solar collectors, namely one series of CPC-PVT (Compound Parabolic Concentrator-Photovoltaic Thermal) collectors and one series of ETC (Evacuated Tube Collector), one indirect water buffer with an intermediate heat exchanger and a commercial zeolite adsorption chiller (LTC vario, Invensor). Simulations are carried out in order to estimate the energy and exergy efficiency of the system, the produced cooling capacity as well as the thermal energy stored in the buffer. Moreover, the performance of the chiller is evaluated for various months by determining the Cooling Capacity and COP, both solar and thermal. In order to determine, if the proposed solar cooling system performs better than a conventional that covers the same load, the primary energy savings and the reduction of CO2 emissions are calculated. The operating cost savings are also estimated. The simulation results show that the under study systems can indeed work sufficiently when the specific types and surface of collectors are considered. In specific, the system exhibits an average COP of 0.5 for the under study period while its solar exergy efficiency (nearly 2.5%) leads to the conclusion that the system, especially the collectors, can undergo an optimization process.
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Khelifa, A., K. Touafek, H. Benmoussa, I. Tabet y M. Adouane. "Hot water system based on the hybrid solar collector photovoltaic/thermal PVT". En 2014 15th International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (STA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sta.2014.7086668.

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A. Figueiredo Ramos, Carlos, Adérito N. Alcaso y Antonio J. Marques Cardoso. "Modelling, Simulation and Experimental Study of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal Collector (PVT)". En 6th European International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/eu6.20230139.

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Dubey, Swapnil, C. S. Soon, Sin Lih Chin y Leon Lee. "Performance Analysis of Innovative Top Cooling Thermal Photovoltaic (TPV) Modules Under Tropics". En ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59075.

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The main focus area of this research paper to efficiently remove the heat generated during conversion of solar energy into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) module. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of commercial available PV module varies in the range of 8%–20% depending on the type of solar cell materials used for the module construction, e.g. crystalline silicon, thin film, CIGS, organic, etc. During the conversion process, only a small fraction of the incident solar radiation is utilize by PV cells to produce electricity and the remaining is converted into waste heat in the module which causes the PV cell temperature to increase and its efficiency to drop. This thermal energy could be extract using air or water as a heat removal fluid to utilize in heating applications. The purpose of a solar photovoltaic module is to convert solar energy into electricity. The hybrid combination of photovoltaic module and thermal collector called Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) module. Such PVT module combines a PV, which converts electromagnetic radiation (photons) into electricity, with a solar thermal module, which captures the remaining energy and removes waste heat from the PV module. Cooling of cells either by natural or forced circulation can reduce the PV cell temperature. The simultaneous cooling of the PV cells maintains their PV efficiency at a satisfactory level and offers a better way of utilizing solar energy by generating thermal energy as well. PVT system has higher overall efficiency as compared to separate PV and thermal collector. The heat output of a PVT module can be used for space heating or production of domestic hot water. This paper presents an innovative design of top cooling Thermal Photovoltaic (T-PV) module and its performance under outdoor weather condition of Singapore. T-PV collector is designed to flow fluid over the top of PV panel through a very narrow gap between the solar lens. This process improves heat removal process from PV panel, and hence, improves the electrical output of PV panel as compared to other PVT collector available in the market. By flowing the water from top of the PV panel will also provide better thermal efficiency. A T-PV collector system with storage tank, sensors, pump, flow meters, data logger and controls, have been installed at test-site located in Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore. Performance analysis of T-PV collector system has been evaluated under the tropical climatic conditions of Singapore. It was found that T-PV module could produce additional electrical power as compared to standard PV panel of same capacity by operating at lower temperature. In addition to electricity, T-PV panel also generate the hot water up to 60 deg C at an average thermal efficiency of 41% for usage in residential and commercial buildings. The average thermal energy output was 3.1 kWh/day on typical day’s basis.
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Modrek, Mohamad y Ali Al-Alili. "Thermal and Electrical Performance of a Flat Plate Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector". En ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3462.

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Excess temperatures in photovoltaic panels may cause degradation in the panels’ electrical performance in short term. Moreover, photovoltaic cells may be damaged in the long term due to high operating temperatures. Therefore, photovoltaic thermal collectors (PVT)s have been proposed in order to solve these issues. PVT collectors allow the cooling of photovoltaic panels by heat extraction using a working fluid such as water or air. PVT collectors provide higher electrical output than standalone Photovoltaic (PV) panels while occupying a smaller area compared to a single solar thermal and a PV panel for the same capacity. In this study, the performance of a liquid cooled flat PVT collector under the climatic conditions of the United Arab Emirates is going to be investigated. The transient system simulation software (TRNSYS) is used to simulate the PVT system. The PVT system includes the PVT collectors, thermal storage tank, electrical storage, DC/AC inverter, pumps, and controllers. The effect of various design variables on the PVT electrical and thermal output is going to be studied. The design variables are the collector azimuth angle, slope of the collector, volume of the storage tank, and water mass flow rate through the PVT collector. The electrical and thermal outputs of the sized PVT system will be compared to that of a standalone PV panel electrical output and a standalone flat plate collector thermal output. Based on the obtained results, conclusions on the feasibility of using PVT collectors, under the weather conditions of the United Arab Emirates, will be deduced.
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Zenhäusern, Daniel, Evelyn Bamberger, Alexis Baggenstos y Andreas Häberle. "PVT Wrap-Up: Energy Systems with Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collectors". En ISES Solar World Conference 2017 and the IEA SHC Solar Heating and Cooling Conference for Buildings and Industry 2017. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2017.18.12.

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