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Heriwanto, Heriwanto, Muhammad Faiz Bolkiah, and Oky Mauludya Sudradjat. "Photo Arts Concept as Alternative Photography Works." Jomantara: Indonesian Journal of Art and Culture, Vol. 4 No. 2 July 2024 (July 30, 2024): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jijac.v4i2.13509.
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The development of photography so far has encouraged the birth of various forms of new concepts in the field of photography. The birth of digital photography technology has provided various conveniences and encouraged photographers to develop photography more widely. Currently, the concept of photo art has been widely used by photographers or photo artists through the development of new ideas and concepts in the form of photographic works. Fine art photography can be an assessment and representation for the photographer who created the photograph. Therefore, the time has come for photographers who may or may not have unique characteristics in creating photographic works, to make photographs into works of art with a combination of new concepts in photographic work.
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Noble, Anne, and Geoffrey Batchen. "Had We Lived ... Phantasms & Nieves Penitentes: Conversation between Anne Noble and Geoffrey Batchen." Grimace, Vol. 2, no. 1 (2017): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m2.020.art.
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In the conversation, two of the most prominent New Zealand authors in the field of photography talk about the body of work of Anne Noble’s Antarctica photography projects. Had we lived is a re-photographic project reflecting on the tragedies of heroic age exploration (commemorating the centenary of the deaths of Robert Falcon Scott and his men on their return from the South Pole – Terra Nova Expedition or British Antarctic Expedition to the South Pole, 1912) and on the memory of Erebus tragedy of 1975, when a tourist plane flying over Antarctica crashed into Mt Erebus, killing all 257 people on board. Anne Noble re-photographed image taken by Herbert Bowers at the South Pole – the photograph of Scott and his men taken after they arrived at the South Pole to find Amundsen had already been and gone. Phantasms and Nieves Penitentes projects hint at the triumph of Antarctica over human endeavour and as a non-explorer type herself photographer Anne Noble states: “I rather liked this perverse reversal”. Both tragic events have a notable relationship to photography – Erebus in particular, as those who died were likely looking out of the aeroplane windows taking photographs at the time of impact. This relationship is addressed throughout the conversation between the two, providing an insightful commentary on the questions of authenticity, documentary value and the capacity of photography to exist in the in-between spaces of thoughtful imagining, and rational dreaming. Keywords: Antarctica, authenticity, documentary, photographic imaginary, re-photographing
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Geurts, Merlijn. "The Atrocity of Representing Atrocity - Watching Kevin Carter's 'Struggling Girl'." Aesthetic Investigations 1, no. 1 (July 16, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58519/aesthinv.v1i1.12001.
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Taking Kevin Carter's famous photograph of a Sudanese 'Struggling Girl' as an example, this article shows by criticizing the work of photography scholar Ariella Azoulay who argues for an ethic, reparative spectatorship that focuses on the social encounters behind the photograph, how discussions about atrocity photography often result in moral debates: discussions that center around the social relations behind photography and blame the photographer, but do not take into account and criticize the photographic representation of the atrocity. By giving an overview of the afterlife of Carter's photograph, the articles shows how such a 'social' focus on photography, easily reaffirms the social inequalities that lies within the practices of atrocity photography.
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Shamriz, Lior. "Photography of indenture." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00187_1.
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The 1882 photography book by British photographer Colonel Henry Stuart Wortley, Tahiti: A Series of Photographs, features an image of a family of service workers. Wortley, who only briefly passed through the island, refers to the couple in the photograph as his ‘servants’. This article traces the margins of the journey of Wortley, as well as that of Lady Annie Brassey, an ultra-wealthy traveller and photography enthusiast who visited Tahiti in 1876 and who contributed the letterpress to Wortley’s book. By analysing the text and images of the book and looking at the historical context of Tahiti at that time, and the place European military personnel, travellers, entrepreneurs, royals and local workers had in the island’s economy and society, this article argues for the incentives and implications of trivializing and invisiblizing Tahitian labour. Looking at our engagement with a photograph as a transtemporal performance, beginning in the photograph’s commission, through the moment of encounter and until its printing and viewing years later, this article considers as a beginning of an entanglement the encounter between Wortley and the Tahitian family. I discuss how, by travelling in 2022 to Tahiti and revisiting Wortley’s photographs in different locations around the island, I aimed to influence those entanglements.
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Merlijn, Geurts. "The Atrocity of Representing Atrocity Watching Kevin Carter's Struggling Girl." Aesthetic Investigations 1, no. 1 (July 17, 2015): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4013367.
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Taking Kevin Carter's famous photograph of a Sudanese 'Struggling Girl' as an example, this article shows by criticizing the work of photography scholar Ariella Azoulay who argues for an ethic, reparative spectatorship that focuses on the social encounters behind the photograph, how discussions about atrocity photography often result in moral debates: discussions that center around the social relations behind photography and blame the photographer, but do not take into account and criticize the photographic representation of the atrocity. By giving an overview of the afterlife of Carter's photograph, the articles shows how such a 'social' focus on photography, easily reaffirms the social inequalities that lies within the practices of atrocity photography.
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Cha, Sang-Yook. "A Study on Domestic and Foreign Cases on the Copyrightability and Protection Scope of Photographic Works." Korea Copyright Commission 149 (March 31, 2025): 221–90. https://doi.org/10.30582/kdps.2025.38.1.221.
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Based on the criteria for judging the originality of photographic works presented in the Supreme Court ruling on the “Nambu Ham Case,” this article analyzed the attitudes of domestic and foreign precedents surrounding subjects of photography from the perspective of copyrightability and scope of protection, and examined the significance of individual precedents. As with the attitude of the so-called “Nambu Ham Case” Supreme Court ruling, it is interpreted that copyright protection can be obtained as a photographic work only when individuality and creativity are present after comprehensively judging three expression factors: ① matters concerning the selection of the subject to be photographed, ② matters concerning the method of photographing, and ③ phenomena and printing. As for the criteria for determining the copyrightability of a photograph, it is reasonable to say that if it is taken by placing not only the subject’s expression but also the background decorations in an original manner, it can be a photographic work, regardless of its practical purpose. However, many of the lower court rulings focus on the purpose of photographing (e.g., the purpose of showing the effect of hair treatment, the purpose of advertising and promoting the product, the practical purpose of delivering information and advertising about the product, or the practical purpose of delivering accurate and clear information) as the basis for denying originality. I think the purpose of photographing such photographs is included in the creative judgment criteria or judgment factors of photographic works, but rather, it seems to be an incidental judgment criterion or incidental judgment factor. Therefore, it is desirable to avoid the attitude of precedents that deny the originality of photographic works by placing greater weight on such photographic purposes in the future. In the United States, it is evaluated as an established judgment since the Supreme Court’s ruling on the Bleistein case that the existence of advertising purposes does not affect the judgment of originality. In short, the degree of originality that can be protected by copyright law is not very high, and it is sufficient if the minimal originality that can be distinguished from the expression of others is recognized as a photographic work like other general works. If the photograph in question is made independently without imitating other people’s works and clearly reflects the personality of the photographer, it will be protected by the copyright law as a work with originality. Furthermore, since the subject of photography is what the photographer intends to express through the photograph and is a component of the expression of the photograph, if creative thinking is recognized in the subject of photography, it should be considered in determining the copyrightability of the photograph.
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Tomaszczuk, Zbigniew. "Fotografia jako przedłużenie ciała." DYSKURS. PISMO NAUKOWO-ARTYSTYCZNE ASP WE WROCŁAWIU 26, no. 26 (September 1, 2019): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9869.
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The text concerns the performativeness of the process of making photographs. It discusses examples of experiencing photography through such medium as the photographer’s body. The relations between the photographer and the technological changes of photography have been analysed. The main subject is the process of making photographs concluded with a reflection on the relation between the viewer and the large format photographic artwork.
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Tomaszczuk, Zbigniew. "PHOTOGRAPHY AS THE EXTENSION OF A BODY." DYSKURS. PISMO NAUKOWO-ARTYSTYCZNE ASP WE WROCŁAWIU 26, no. 26 (September 1, 2019): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9927.
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The text concerns the performativeness of the process of making photographs. It discusses examples of experiencing photography through such medium as the photographer’s body. The relations between the photographer and the technological changes of photography have been analysed. The main subject is the process of making photographs concluded with a reflection on the relation between the viewer and the large format photographic artwork.
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Yusuf, Tan Sri Zulfikar, and Dea Rifia Bella. "Menangkap Photographic Moments di Pelelangan Ikan Muara Baru melalui Pendekatan Komposisi dan Etnografi Fotografi." JURNALISTIK DAN MEDIA 2, no. 2 (October 28, 2024): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/jjm.v2i2.7141.
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In photography studies, composition is essential in capturing images to arrange visual elements within the photo frame. These compositions are important for communicating the message the photographer wants to convey to the audience, thus creating a dialogic communication effort. This paper uses traders at the Fish Auction in Muara Baru, Jakarta, as the subject of photography, and the resulting photos become photographic moments in photographic ethnography. By capturing photographic moments through the correct composition, this paper demonstrates that photographs can produce meaning from the moments captured by the camera. This study is called visual ethnography, in which ethnographic photography is included as a sub-discipline that emphasizes the interpretive aspect of the subject's and object's expression in photos. Photographs with adjusted composition conveys the expression of meaning and cultural communication. This can be a way for anthropologists and communication scholars to understand the sociocultural phenomena of the communities being studied. The research result shows that the combination of photography studies on composition and the method of ethnographic photography is still rarely undertaken, even though the study of photographs as both subjects and objects can provide a comprehensive picture of 'socio-cultural' conditions.Keywords: photo composition; visual ethnography, photographic ethnography, photographicmoments
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Kanicki, Witold, and Geoffrey Batchen. "Magical Thinking: Conversation with Geoffrey Batchen." Magic, Vol. 5, no. 1 (2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m8.004.int.
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His long-standing interest in the history of early photography makes Geoffrey Batchen the appropriate speaker to discuss the question of photographic magic. Therefore, our conversation oscillates between magic and realism, but also other antonyms within the medium: negative and positive, analogue and digital. Taking in consideration all these oppositional notions, Batchen suggests that theoreticians “need to acknowledge and embrace photography’s abstractions and contradictions”. Different contradictions within photography’s theory and history became pivotal in our conversation. We also discussed the indexicality of digital images. According to Batchen, the negative/positive system of traditional photography can be compared with the binary code of digital images, which “is therefore based on the same oppositional logic, the same interplay of one and its other, that generated the analogue photograph.” Moreover, digitality does not eliminate the magic character of the contemporary photographs; in this context, Batchen mentions the capacity of instant transmission of snapshots from one place of Earth to another. In conclusion, Batchen reveals some details of his upcoming book Negative/Positive: A History of Photography. Keywords: magic, indexicality, negative, digital, Barthes
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Dondero, Maria Giulia. "Photography as a Witness of Theatre." Recherches sémiotiques 28, no. 1-2 (October 7, 2010): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044587ar.
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My paper investigates the meeting of theatre and photography in ‘theatre photography’. Recognizing that both art forms can determine theoretical and philosophical views on representation and self-representation, I aim to compare their visual strategies and the way they construct point of view. In the process several questions are raised: do qualities of photographs belong to objects photographed or to photographs themselves? How important is the object that ‘triggers’ the view? Should the theatre photographer place his camera anywhere? What of framing? In the second section I offer an analysis of photographs taken by Roger Pic in 1957 during the Paris performance of Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children by the Berliner Ensemble. This analysis seeks to demonstrate that theatre photography, which often seen as an example of documentary photography, can reach artistic status, provided it relies on enunciative strategies that express what cannot otherwise be photographed in a ‘direct’ manner, namely the characters’ words and emotions.
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Qasmiyeh, Yousif M., and Saiful Huq Omi. "Photography as Archive." Migration and Society 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2021.040118.
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In this interview, Yousif M. Qasmiyeh enters into conversation with Saiful Huq Omi, an award-winning photographer and filmmaker and founder of Counter Foto-A Centre for Visual Arts in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on issues spanning from photography in the era of COVID and what it means, in this situation of stasis and containment worldwide, to continue photographing; to the intimate as revealed by the photograph; photographing (across) different geographies and national borders; on Rohingya refugees as both the photographed and the unphotographed; the archive and the afterlives of photography; and, finally, how to envision an equitable future between the photographer and the photographed.In the form of poetic fragments, “The Human that is Lacking” offers a response to Saiful Huq Omi’s photograph reproduced in these pages, in an attempt to “co-see” the image with the photographer. The image and its response sit alongside Yousif M. Qasmiyeh’s interview with the award-winning photographer and film-maker himself (also in this issue).
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Markiewicz, Małgorzata. "„Takie jak w rzeczywistości”. Obraz fotograficzny - obiektywne odwzorowanie czy subiektywna kreacja? Fotografia w badaniach archeologicznych." Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 28 (December 27, 2023): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2023.28.09.
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The article reviews the current state of knowledge on photography and the use of photographs in archaeological research. The discovery of photography was a breakthrough in the history of archaeology. The mechanical method of image registration, considered to be devoid of subjective human intervention, was supposed to guarantee the neutrality and objectivity of the visual representation. Belief in realism of photography has led to it becoming the primary form of documentation in archaeology, for both the research process and the relics themselves. This article will attempt to answer the question of whether we can trust the reality captured by the photographer? The reading of a photograph is done through culturally shaped codes. The ability to decipher those codes depends on the knowledge and experience of the recipient. The photographic image relies on the photographer’s subjective view of the subject, as well as the medium used, which influences the nature of the representation.
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Kleimenova, S. N., and O. I. Yablokova. "Photography as an object of copyright." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 78 (August 28, 2023): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.78.1.28.
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Copyright, the norms of which regulate relations that arise in connection with the creation and use of works of science and art. Copyright is an important component of the universal system of human rights, copyright is one of the essential guarantors of intellectual creativity, self-affirmation and dignity of every person. From whatever side copyright is analyzed, its purpose is to protect the interests of the creator of works and the interests of society. A photo can be created not only by a professional photographer, but also by any other individual. This is where the opportunity enshrined in the law to realize their creative abilities of each member of society is manifested.This article deals with issues related to a special object of copyright - photography. With the adoption of the new Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights», the approach to understanding photography has changed. This is connected with the legal definition of the concept of a work and its features. Signs of originality and objective form are highlighted. Moreover, the legislator clearly defines which photographs should be attributed to objects of copyright, and which photographs are not subject to legal protection. This approach will greatly facilitate the resolution of issues related to the establishment of which photographs are subject to copyright. The Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights» clearly states that photographic works are subject to legal protection. Based on the legislative definition of a work as an object of copyright, we can conclude that only original photographs are subject to legal protection. Moreover, paragraph 8 of Art. 8 of the Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights» clearly defines that photographs that do not have a sign of originality are not photographic works. An analysis of some foreign judgments regarding the legal nature of photography makes it possible to conclude that a photograph is considered as an object of copyright if there are signs inherent in the work. he study conducted in this article confirms the correctness of the legislative understanding of photography as an object of copyright.
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Huen, Antony. "Photographs, Photography and the Photographer." Wasafiri 34, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690055.2019.1613016.
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Sile, Agnese. "Through the mother’s voice: Exposure and intimacy in Lesley McIntyre’s photo project The Time of Her Life and Elisabeth Zahnd Legnazzi’s Chiara A Journey Into Light." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 24, no. 5 (December 2, 2018): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318815933.
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When it comes to depicting ill or disabled children, the ethics of representation becomes increasingly complex. The perception of photographs as voyeuristic and objectifying is of particular concern here and resonates with widespread fear about the eroticisation, mistreatment and exploitation of children. Although these fears are reasonable, this view does not take into account the voice and agenda of the photographic subject, disregards the possibility of recognition and the participatory nature of photography. In this article, I focus on photography as a collaborative practice. I analyse two photographic projects by photographers/mothers that document their ill and dying daughters – Lesley McIntyre’s photographic essay The Time of Her Life (2004) and Elisabeth Zahnd Legnazzi’s Chiara A Journey Into Light (2009). Illness in these projects is not experienced in isolation. Instead, the photographs and accompanying texts provide a space to engage in a dialogue which is built on the interdependency of all the participants of the photographic act – the photographer, the subject of the photograph and the viewer. My aim is to question how these projects construct experiences and articulate private expressions of illness and how the photographs enhance and/or challenge the mother–daughter bond. Alan Radley’s critical analysis of representations of illness, Emmanuel Lévinas’s and Maurice Blanchot’s perspectives on ethical philosophy and visual social semiotics approach developed by Kress and Van Leeuwen provide a guiding framework for this study.
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Padmanabhan, Lakshmi. "A Feminist Still." Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies 35, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): iv—29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/02705346-8631535.
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What can photographic form teach us about feminist historiography? Through close readings of photographs by visual artist and documentary photographer Sheba Chhachhi, who documented the struggle for women’s rights in India from the 1980s onward, this article outlines the political stakes of documentary photography’s formal conventions. First, it analyzes candid snapshots of recent protests for women’s rights in India, focusing on an iconic photograph by Chhachhi of Satyarani Chadha, a community organizer and women’s rights activist, at a rally in New Delhi in 1980. It attends to the way in which such photographs turn personal scenes of mourning into collective memorials to militancy, even as they embalm their subjects in a state of temporal paralysis and strip them of their individual history. It contrasts these snapshots to Chhachhi’s collaborative portrait of Chadha from 1990, a “feminist still” that deploys formal conventions of stillness to stage temporal encounters between potential histories and unrealized futures. Throughout, the article returns to the untimeliness of Chhachhi’s photography, both in the multiple temporalities opened up within the image and in its avant-garde critique of feminist politics through experiments with photographic form.
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von Brevern, Jan. "Fototopografia: The “Futures Past” of Surveying." reproduire, no. 17 (September 8, 2011): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1005748ar.
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This article examines a particular problem in the early history of photographic land surveying: the unwavering desire to use photography to capture accurate topographical information for map-making, even in light of practical difficulties. It considers how both the practical survey work and the status of photography changed when, instead of the landscape itself, photographs were measured. Photography’s promise to simplify strenuous fieldwork was almost as old as photography itself—but in practice, it took decades of experimenting until the process was feasible.
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Vellanki, Vivek. "Shifting the Frame: Theoretical and Methodological Explorations of Photography in Educational Research." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 22, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15327086211045976.
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In this article, I focus on the relationship between photography and educational research, situating this conversation at the interstices of fact/fiction, indexical/imaginary, and art/data. I ask: How has our understanding and use of photography, the camera, and the photographer been shaped by the field of qualitative research? What possibilities exist for reimagining the role of photography in educational research and practice? Drawing on a diverse body of theoretical, empirical, and artistic works, I respond to the questions by looking at three key elements shaping image-based visual research: the ontology of photography, collaboration and photography, and thinking with art/photography. Across these three key elements, I interrogate taken-for-granted assumptions about the camera, photographs, and the relationships between the photographer-photographed in the context of educational research and articulate some shifts that help reframe our understanding of photography and how it is used within educational research and practice.
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Carville, Justin. "‘This postcard album will tell my name, when I am quite forgotten’: Cultural Memory and First World War Soldier Photograph Albums." Modernist Cultures 13, no. 3 (August 2018): 417–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2018.0220.
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Since the Crimean and American Civil Wars in the nineteenth century, photography has allowed societies to experience war through the collective understanding of photographic representation as an inscription or mnemonic cue for recollections of past events. However, the First World War ushered in new vernacular cultural practices of photography which radically altered how both war was represented and experienced through photography. This shift, in turn, engendered new private and domestic forms of post-war remembrance through the photographic image. Kodak's marketing of the Vest Pocket Autographic Camera which became known as the ‘Soldier's Camera’, allowed soldiers on the battle front and their families on the home front to experience the war and the formation of post-war memory outside of the iconic images of military heroes and battlefield conflict. Vernacular photography allowed for intimate portrayals of everyday soldier life to be visually displayed in private arrangements of photographs in photo-albums compiled by soldiers and their families as forms of post-war remembrance. Discussing photograph albums compiled by Irish soldiers and nurses, this essay explores the place of vernacular photography in personal commemorative acts by soldiers and nurses in the aftermath of the First World War. By treating vernacular soldier photographs of World War I as social objects that allow relationships to be formed and maintained across time, the essay argues that the materiality of the photograph as image-object can be explored to consider how the exchange, circulation and consumption of photographs allow for the accumulating and expending of histories and memories of the First World War and its aftermath.
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Feldmann, Rodney M. "Photographic procedures." Paleontological Society Special Publications 4 (1989): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200005311.
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Preparation of appropriate photographs is absolutely essential in conveying paleontological information. The effort expended in adequate cleaning and preparation of specimens is not only reflected in exposing the detail of material so that it can be properly described but also in permitting the morphologic information to be transmitted to others through photography. Therefore the purpose of this chapter is to describe the general procedures involved in preparing high quality, publishable photographs because special techniques related to photography of microfossils will be treated elsewhere, the emphasis within this chapter will be upon photography of macrofossils, specimens large enough to be photographed using a normal spectrum of photographic lenses and extension tubes. Because nearly all paleontological material is illustrated as black and white photographs, no reference will be made to the preparation of color illustrations.
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Kloster Poulsen, Steffen. "Når eksplosioner er kunst." Periskop – Forum for kunsthistorisk debat, no. 31 (June 13, 2024): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/periskop.v2024i31.146623.
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This article argues for an expanded effort to search for, and actively utilize, concepts and methods from the sociolinguistic periphery of the otherwise anglocentric academic lit- erature on photography in order to achieve a more level playing field between vernacular concepts and purportedly universal ones. Taking the history of public debate on photo- graphy in Japan as a departure point, this article aims to map out a new area of explora- tion for photographic research in the academic field of art history. Japan has been home to a vivid public and intellectual debate on photography since the birth of photography and, although its output of photographers and photobooks has been globally acclaimed and exported to museums and galleries internationally, especially in the past thirty years, lit- tle emphasis in academic research and elsewhere has been put on Japanese photographic critique, theory and debate outside the archipelago. As an example of unexplored theory, this article analyzes two published lectures by Japanese photographer Hatakeyama Naoya in which he reflects on photography's value as art, its place in the art world and the processes by which photographers become labelled as artists. Using a metaphor from analogue photography, he deems photographers “latent artists” who by a development process can become artists. Following Hatakeyama’s line of thought, this article argues furthermore that the metaphor can be extended to photographs themselves.
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Viditz-Ward, Vera. "Photography in Sierra Leone, 1850–1918." Africa 57, no. 4 (October 1987): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159896.
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Opening ParagraphIn recent years scholars have shown considerable interest in the early use of photography by non-Western peoples. Research on nineteenth-century Indian, Japanese and Chinese photography has revealed a rich synthesis of European and Asian imagery. These early photographs show how non-Western peoples created new forms of artistic expression by adapting European technology and visual idioms for their own purposes. Because of the long history of contact between Sierra Leoneans and Europeans, Freetown seemed a logical starting point for similar photographic research in West Africa. The information presented here is based on ten years of searching for nineteenth-century photographs made by Sierra Leonean photographers. To locate these pictures, I have visited Freetonians and viewed their family portraits and photograph albums, interviewed contemporary photographers throughout Sierra Leone, and researched in the various colonial archives in England to locate photographs preserved from the period of colonial rule. I have discovered that a community of African photographers has worked in the city of Freetown since the very invention of photography. The article reviews the first phase of this unique photographic tradition, 1850–1918, and focuses on several of the African photographers who worked in Freetown during this period.
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Prasetyo, Martinus Eko, and Imamul Masyhudi. "Visual Aesthetics Semiotics Roland Barthes Photography Journalistic Works Phenomenal World." IMAGIONARY 3, no. 1 (October 31, 2024): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51353/jim.v3i1.961.
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Documentary photography as a medium of conveying information and documentation can document reality and tell important stories with integrity and honesty. Where journalistic photography will continue to be a powerful tool in reporting the truth and influencing social change, giving us a window into a wider and more diverse world. This research visually analyzes the phenomenal works of world photography from the aesthetic side with Roland Barthes' semiotic approach. It tells that aesthetically the photograph is an embodiment of visual beauty immortalized by the photographer not only by chance in capturing a moment that once existed. This research is conducted qualitatively descriptively according to Bogdan and Guba and proves that the science of photography does not only rely on luck but needs to understand how to photograph, the concept of visual framing in one frame that can be accepted by the general public as a conveyance of messages, information, and impressions from a photograph itself based on photographic theories.
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Battin, Justin Michael. "Explorations on the Event of Photography: Dasein, Dwelling, and Skillful Coping in a Cuban Context." Review of International American Studies 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rias.14868.
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In the summer of 2016, the author traveled to Havana to begin preliminary work on an interdisciplinary visual ethnography project. While venturing primarily on foot, he took hundreds of high-resolution photographs and interviewed people at random across several localities about their daily routine, their neighborhood, and their expectations about what was to come following the [then] normalizing of relations with the United States. Of the utmost importance to this work was the special attention granted to the inhabited locale where each photograph and interview took place. This article explores these photographs through the lens of the “event of photography,” a term emphasizing the temporal moment when a photographer, photographed subject, and camera encounter one another. With this interpretation, photographs are positioned as historical documents and the practice of photography as a civil and political matter, thus inviting new possibilities to read political life through its visual dimension, as well as to trace different forms of power relations made evident during the ‘event.’ This paper uses phenomenological reflection to explore the meshwork manifestation of these power relations, and articulate how they provide insights about one’s place and responsibility within that ‘event’ in a range of relational contexts.
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Trnková, Petra. "Josef Schulz, architektura a fotografie." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia 78, no. 3-4 (2025): 51–67. https://doi.org/10.37520/amnph.2024.016.
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The study traces architect Josef Schulz’s early theoretical and practical interest in photography against the background of the dynamically developing field of architectural photography in the first half of the 1860s. The first part presents Schulz’s earliest known photographic works from the time of his studies at the Prague Polytechnic, when he became familiar with the demanding wet collodion process and tested his photographic skills in his immediate surroundings. The next two parts shed light on the broader integration of photography into architectural work in the Austrian Empire in the 1850s and 1860s, both in relation to the nascent field of monument preservation and the adoption of photography as a full-fledged and multifunctional image medium within architecture. Particular attention is paid to Vienna and to Andreas Groll, a pioneer in architectural photography in Austria. The last part focuses on Schulz’s remarkable and in many ways exceptional set of photographs of the Belvedere Royal Summer Palace in Prague from 1865, which demonstrates not only his skill as a photographer but also the fusion of architectural and photographic practice.
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Foliard, Daniel. "Photography as Absence: Implicit Histories (Africa, Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries)." Sources 6 (2023): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11tb8.
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Photographic material can sometimes pose an overwhelming and distorting presence, especially when it comes to the writing of history. Some of the first visual recordings of African social worlds via photography would long serve as a model for images of the continent. This phenomenon has only been reinforced by recirculations of images from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Intended as a counterpoint, this article will contemplate a paradoxical history of photography by considering it based not on its presence but on its very absence. A work of history supported by photographic and written sources from the years 1870 to 1910, this contribution focuses on photography as absence, as disappearance, and as erasure. This implicit history focuses on various essential phenomena that characterize the (non)production of photographic images of African social worlds in the age of colonial expansion. It first deals with the key question of the material destruction of old photographs of Africa. For a variety of reasons, an entire part of what was photographed is now either lost or in the process of becoming lost. One of the long-standing major effects of this has been a double erasure of African photography pioneers, who are poorly represented or underrepresented in institutional archives and have been deprived of historiographical attention; in many cases, their history remains to be written. The article then raises the question of refusals to pose and potential refusals to take photographs. We will see several scattered traces of such evasions of photography. The problem of self-censorship and the very restricted circulation of certain images, particularly those threatening the stability of colonial narratives, will also be studied at this juncture. Finally, the article will take a closer look at the photographs taken by Alex J. Braham. This individual, a district agent in Ogugu (southern Nigeria) for the Royal Niger Company at the turn of the twentieth century, was an eager photographer. His personal album contains several shots of a secret ceremony that he took without the participants’ knowledge, having hidden with his camera in a tent. This example of concealment (not of the image but of the photographic act itself) is also one of the possible manifestations of the invisibilities that have played a major part in forming and deforming photographic imagery of Africa.
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McQuirter, Marya. "yes. still. movement." liquid blackness 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26923874-10658346.
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Abstract How does one attempt to look at a photograph that is not attached to an institutional archive and for which there is no known historical data? How does one attempt to look when all you have is the photographic object? Focusing on a circa 1893 tintype of a couple of bicyclists taken at an indoor photography studio, this essay offers a set of reading practices that position photographic subjects as coproducers with the photographer and argues for stillness as a form of movement, rather than the suspension of movement. Conceived this way, this stillness illuminates the connections between movement indoors and outdoors and imagines nineteenth century US-based photographic subjects as diasporic cultural producers. The tintype is part of a larger set of what this essay calls bicycling photographs that were popular in the late nineteenth century, through which individuals and groups remixed two of the most popular technologies — bicycles and photography — to create new material objects that they could frame and keep in a dwelling place and move within and between dwelling places. Moreover, through the coproduction of new material objects, the duo, and many others, gave themselves other mobile lives.
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Virkki, Susanna. "Finnish Theatre Photography and the Influence of Technology." Nordic Theatre Studies 26, no. 2 (September 9, 2014): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v26i2.24310.
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This article is mainly based on interviews with three Finnish photographers’, Kari Hakli, Jalo Porkkala, and Petri Nuutinen’s as well as on the theatre photographs they have taken. The criterion for selecting these three photographers has been that their work spans a number of decades; therefore, the development of Finnish theatre photography can be studied from this perspective. The theatre photograph is a photo of the stage image, which is often based on the dramaturgy of the play script. The subjects and points of view of the photographer are not generally agreed on in advance with the director or the actors, but they are based on the photographer’s own estimations and views. He/she interprets and transmits the performance to the audience with his images, and works in between the theatre and the spectator, but he is not the artistic producer when photograph- ing, the performance is, i.e. he/she has not chosen lights, costumes or set design. Technology has had a significant influence on the theatrical image and pho- tographic equipment. With the development of materials and equipment, the making of theatre photographs has shifted from a static process into a more dynamic one. Finnish theatre photography has reacted quickly to aesthetic trends in both theatre and photography. In the past it was possible to photograph only static or slow-moving objects in a set situation or in a pose. Today, the photographer can move among the actors, photograph fast-moving objects with a handheld camera using the stage lighting without the need for additional lights. The images look more as if they have been taken by an insider, someone who belongs to the team, rather than by an intruder. Theatre photographs are nowadays needed in the same way they have always been needed, as documents of the performance.
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Witkovsky, Matthew S. "Photography as Model?" October 158 (October 2016): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00267.
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Witkovsky argues that decades into photography's institutional acceptance as art, widespread inadequacies remain in the art historical treatment of photographs, which can no longer be defended as manifestations of a separate or distinctive “medium.” Insufficient attention to formal procedures, such as darkroom interventions between the stages of negative and print, as well as to disciplinary history—including the introduction of the very term “medium” in photographic discourse around 1930—remain commonplace. Yet despite a persistent tendency to totalize photography as a creative domain, photography as a museum department or academic field of study offers the promise to counter far larger impulses toward totalization, above all in a marketplace beset by an obsession with global contemporary art. What the study of photographs can model is a field of creation that moves in, under, and against “art in general.”
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Tarasenko, L. L. "Photographic work as an object of copyright." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 87 (March 14, 2025): 299–304. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2025.87.1.44.
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The article considers certain problematic aspects of the legal regime of photographic works under the legislation of Ukraine. It has been established that the Law of Ukraine “On Copyright and Related Rights” pays insufficient attention to photographic works as objects of copyright. It has been proved that it is advisable to systematize the legislative provisions on photographic works into a separate article in the Law of Ukraine “On Copyright and Related Rights”, which will allow for a comprehensive definition of the legal regime of a photographic work, the grounds for acquisition and the features of exercising rights to it. It has been proved that the features of a photographic work are originality and a specific form of expression (representation on a material medium or in electronic (digital) form in the form of a three-dimensional three-dimensional image). An innovation in legal regulation is the application of the right of resale to photographic works, however, the legislator does not outline the features of the application of the rules on the right of resale to a photographic work that exists in digital (electronic) form. It has been proved that a photographic work must be the result of the intellectual creative activity of the photographer (author), which reflects his creative decisions regarding the creation of the corresponding photograph. It is substantiated that a photographic work is a digital object of copyright, since practically always, as of today, taking into account the development of technologies, photographic works are created, exist, and are distributed in digital form. It has been proven that the creation of a photographic work using so-called «analog» technologies, when the photographic work is recorded, in particular, on film (and not in digital form), is an exception to the general practice of creating photographic works. It has been substantiated that photographic works should be distinguished from photographs – objects (photographs) that are not endowed with the sign of originality. It has been established that the legal regime of photography as an object is not defined by law, therefore it is proposed to provide legal certainty to photography as an object at the law level by applying a special kind of right (sui generis) to it, as is the case with non-original databases and objects generated by a computer program. In order to provide legal certainty regarding the legal regime of photography, it is proposed to provide a separate article in the copyright law (as is done with respect to non-original objects generated by a computer program), and in it to define the legal regime of photography, to provide for the extension of a special kind of right (sui generis) to it, to determine the subjects of the right to photography, their property and personal non-property rights, to provide for the term of validity of the special kind of right to photography, the features of the exercise and protection of such rights to photography, etc.
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Chervonik, Olena, and Geoffrey Batchen. "Negative Thinking - A History of the Photographic Negative as a Repressed Other: Conversation with Geoffrey Batchen." Master, Vol. 5, no. 2 (2020): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m9.106.int.
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Olena Chervonik talks with Geoffrey Batchen about his two most recent publications: Apparitions: Photography and Dissemination, that reached bookshelves in 2018, and Negative/Positive: A History of Photography, slated for release later in 2020. The conversation revolves around the photographic condition of reproducibility, repetition and difference, embedded in the medium from the time of its inception. While Apparitions explores photography’s relation to various newsprint outlets of the nineteenth century, Negative/Positive traces a comprehensive history of the medium’s propensity for multiplication, predicated on the dependence of photographs on the function of a negative, which, according to Batchen, seems to be a repressed Other in photographic history. A vehicle that enables reproducibility, a photographic negative is rarely discussed in critical literature and even more rarely reproduced or featured in the exhibition space. Batchen ponders this occlusion of a medium’s critical component, suggesting that a negative is linked to photography’s operation as capitalist mode of production. By omitting to profile a negative, we naturalize capitalism’s operational logic – a condition that clearly needs to be upset by directing a critical, revelatory, and thus politically engaged spotlight on photography’s predilection for image massification. Keywords: photography, negative, reproducibility, commodification, massification, capitalism, politics of resistance
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Castillo, Richmond M., Grace Y. Kim, Kirk D. Wyatt, Christine M. Lohse, and Thomas R. Hellmich. "Use of an EHR-Integrated Point-of-Care Mobile Medical Photography Application in a Pediatric Emergency Department." Applied Clinical Informatics 10, no. 05 (October 2019): 888–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700870.
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Abstract Background Mobile applications allow health care providers to capture point-of-care medical photographs and transfer them to the electronic health record (EHR). It is unclear how providers use these photographs or how they affect clinical care. Objectives We aimed to understand the content, purpose, and outcomes of point-of-care medical photography performed in the pediatric emergency department (ED) at large academic medical center. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients <21 years of age who were seen in the ED and photographed between March 29, 2015 and July 1, 2017 using a secure smartphone application integrated with the EHR. Inter-rater agreement and reliability between the two reviewers was assessed for the first 50 charts, and any discrepancies in interpretation were resolved before proceeding with the remaining data abstraction. The documented rationale for photography, content of photographs, and outcomes were recorded. Results We identified 619 clinical encounters involving photographs of 605 patients who were eligible for inclusion. Skin was photographed in 499 (81%). The most common finding was rash (N = 177; 29%). Photos were of acceptable quality, with 569 (94%) achieving a score between 4 and 5 out of 5. The primary use of photography was documentation (N = 334; 54%), though teleconsultation was noted in 38 (6%). Nearly one-third (N = 187; 30%) of patients were seen in the ED or outpatient clinic for any reason within 2 weeks, and in 25 (13%), clinical notes explicitly referenced the initial photograph(s). In 53 (9%) cases, patients were photographed at a clinical visit in the subsequent 2 weeks, suggesting that photography was used to track changes over time. Conclusion Documentation of findings using mobile point-of-care photography allows for high-fidelity documentation and facilitates continuity of care.
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Hillman, John. "How Does Photography Appear to Appear?" Magic, Vol. 5, no. 1 (2020): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m8.072.art.
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Photography shares little with the logic of simulation and simulacrum, instead it facilitates a dimension within which people and objects we photograph emerge from an impossible frame. Its intrigue resides in the palpable sense of impossibility that photographs render visible to us. This sleight of hand obfuscates the question of how appearance appears. In Finders Keepers, Dutch photographer Laura Chen works with imagery sourced from undeveloped films purchased from eBay and car-boot sales. When Chen develops the films, the real of someone else’s reality is transformed into art. Left undeveloped, these images occupy nowhere in particular, but Chen makes appearances fill in a void and poses a question which is not one of “why” but of “where” are images? Furthermore, in seeking out meanings, the magic of photography is understood through the misdirection of illusion and appearance. What is more useful is to ask how photography appears to appear? Keywords: photography and illusion, magic of photography, reality and simulation, appearance of photography, Laura Chen
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Malkoff, Nicolas, Brigette Cannata, Artur Manasyan, Idean Roohani, Tayla Moshal, Elaine Terr, Misato Koizumi, Maxwell B. Johnson, and Justin Gillenwater. "757 Focusing the Lens on Burn Wound Photography: An Institutional Assessment." Journal of Burn Care & Research 45, Supplement_1 (April 17, 2024): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irae036.299.
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Abstract Introduction Wound photography plays a critical role in burn care. In addition to written descriptions, photographs document wound changes and inform management decisions. Furthermore, photographs may be utilized for academic purposes such as teaching and research. With the development of smartphones, clinical photography has become faster and easier but has seen a decline in consistency and overall image quality. This study aims to evaluate the quality of burn wound photography at our institution to identify areas for improvement and inform efforts to develop a standardized photography protocol. Methods A wound photography rating scale with seven categories and 14 total points was developed based on published recommendations. Individual categories include background (2 max), distractors (2 max), lighting (2 max), camera position (1 max), wound capture (3 max), anatomic orientation (2 max), and patient ID and scale (2 max). Total scores are classified as follows: 0-4 “poor,” 5-9 “fair,” and 10-14 “good.” Camera focus was not included, as blurred photographs are removed by a medical photographer prior to entry into patient records at our institution. Admission wound photographs of 100 randomly sampled patients admitted to the burn unit of a large, urban medical center from 1/1/22 to 8/31/23 were extracted from the medical record for evaluation. Each photograph was independently evaluated by three reviewers, and final scores were determined using a Delphi consensus method. Results are reported using descriptive statistics. Results Of the 100 patients included for review, 12 were missing admission photographs of their burn wounds. The 88 photographs that were evaluated received a mean score of 7.7 ± 2.3 out of 14 on the burn wound photography rating scale. Only 17% of photographs received a score of 10 or more, and 7% received a score of 4 or less. A solid-colored or white backdrop was present in 2% and 39% of photographs, respectively. Only 9% of photographs were free of unnecessary distractors. Ideal lighting without shadowing or washout was used in 36% of photographs. The camera lens was positioned parallel to the wound in 80% of photographs. The entirety of the wound bed and periwound skin was captured in 67% of the photographs. In two photographs (2%), the reviewers were unable to determine anatomic orientation. Patient ID was included in 98% of photographs while a scale, such as a ruler, was included in only one photograph. Conclusions Current burn wound photography practices at our institution are inconsistent and fail to meet quality standards. The data collected in this study will be used to develop a standardized wound photography and documentation algorithm for integration into the existing burn unit workflow. Applicability of Research to Practice Readers may consider the methodology and findings of this study in evaluating the wound photography practices at their own institutions.
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Baird, Jean. "Photography without Pictures." Arts 13, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13010017.
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Magic, as an emanation of past presence in a picture, emerges as a theme in postmodern theories of photography. It is linked to various forms of actual and symbolic absence; an absence which creates a space that keeps us looking, ostensibly for something that is lost. Photography may not always have been digital, but it has always been magical. Photography Without Pictures explores the critical dialogue and disciplinary uncertainty around the terminology of an expanded photographic that derived from debates surrounding the proliferation of digital media and the previous, ontological question of the nature of photography as a technology and a pictorial medium. It is prompted by Andrew Dewdney’s conviction that in order to deal with the contemporary condition of the networked screen image, we need to “Forget Photography” (2021). Dewdney considers the paradox that while photography is now ubiquitous, it is also peculiarly and magically undead, a simulation at the behest of mutable electronic data. The article examines three instances of critical response to contemporary photography, including the interpretation and response to several photographic artworks and one simulated photograph, to distinguish characteristics of pictoriality, authorship and temporality in photographic pictures. In asking what it means to be a real photographer, we discover that the singular observer/artist has become a crowd in respect of the image sharing culture of post-internet art. Throughout his polemical argument to Forget Photography, Dewdney prefers to use the term image and imagery to refer to both the photographic and the networked image. The terms picture and image tend to be interchangeable in language and inhabit each other in practice, yet there are historical differences and continuities that make the distinction remarkable in considering questions of ontology and media continuity. Pictorial, temporal and illusory ‘magic’ are the themes through which these photographic uncertainties unfold.
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Slevin, Tom. "The Zone of Photography: Magic, Ghosts and Haecceity." Arts 12, no. 4 (July 13, 2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts12040157.
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Photography evidences presence, but what does it present? This article explores the notion of magic in photography through Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of ‘haecceity’, Jacques Derrida’s logic of the ‘supplement’ and Jean-François Lyotard’s ‘inhuman’. The sections ‘The Zone of Photography’, ‘Ghosts in/of the Machine’, ‘The Crypt and Encryption’, ‘Affect-Event-Haecceity’ and ‘Magic, Consumerism, Desire’ consider how photography provides a ‘zone’ that encrypts the desires of its photographer and viewer. A photograph, in its various forms and appearances, from scientific instrument to personal documentation, bears our need and desire to be affected. The photographic zone can connect with the anxiety, fear, grief, and ha ppiness that are latent within the irrationality of its viewer. The photography is never past as it continually unfolds into, and is entangled with, the fabric of the present. Through consideration of photography we will consider how magic does not happen to people but people happen to magic. We desire magic to appear.
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Yavuz, Ozan. "Temporality and Spatiality in In-game Photography." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 33 (April 15, 2024): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i28.591.
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This study delves into the intricate relationship between temporality and spatiality within the realm of in-game photography, aiming to dissect its unique methodology and uncover its vast potential. While in-game photography shares fundamental elements of temporality and spatiality with classical photography, it carves out a distinct niche by virtue of its association with virtual environments. Temporal considerations reveal commonalities between in-game and classical photography, as both capture specific moments in time, akin to the concept of the decisive moment. However, the arresting of temporal progression within the game, accomplished by halting or pausing the gameplay, introduces a novel facet to photography. In-game photography's capacity to exist within the ‘extended present’ creates a more manageable and distinctive approach to temporal freezing, redefining the notion of the decisive moment, which posed technical, aesthetic, and philosophical challenges in modernist photography. Spatiality, intricately intertwined with temporality, assumes an ergodic structure within in-game photography, offering a multitude of photographic possibilities. Within this framework, photographer can navigate along x, y, and z axes, transforming the camera into a mechanical eye that unveils the invisible and alternative facets of the subject. This newfound freedom introduces an additional layer of engagement between the photographer and the virtual environment, a feature scarcely attainable in classical photography.
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Soyref, Polina G. "The Test of Photography." Koinon 3, no. 2 (2022): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/koinon.2022.03.2.018.
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This article aims to substantiate the interpretation of photography as a tool, artifact, and practice using the concept of test. The concept of test is chosen due to its complex semantic and functional meanings: to test is to check for durability, to find the truth; to be tested is to gain experience. In line with the double meaning o the genitive — we test the photograph, and the photograph tests us — (mutual, bidirectional testing), the article introduces the following headings: “The Test of Strength”, “The Test of the Viewer”, “The Test of the Gaze”, “Body Experience: Tested by the Gaze”, “The Test of Language”, and “The Test of Credibility”. The author’s position is to shift the focus from talking about photography as such to the possibilities of experience that it offers. The implementation of the approach relies on the dual nature of photography: the technical side of the genesis of the photographic image and photographic dualism of studium and punctum (R. Barth). Photography is at the junction between the subjective view of the choice of frame, and the technical registration of reality, which excludes the subject from the process of this registration. This juxtaposition of the subjective and the non-subjective in photographic practice determines the research topics presented in this article. The photographic image remains completely autonomous, not connected to human intervention, and this statement contributed to the introduction of the concept of the solid frame, which has the maximum potential for effect. A solid frame is an independent artifact that can last in the perception and memory of the viewer and create its field of meaning. The nature of the viewer’s particular fascination with photography is explored. The properties of photography —the claim to persuasiveness and the actual power of “lasting” photography — allow us to influence those looking at it (it doesn’t matter if it is the viewer or the photographer): we know that “it was”, we are in the field of the artifact that goes beyond its actual borders, we experience its content beyond cultural, artistic, linguistic boundaries. Photography turns out to be a practice that actualizes, intensifies, or transforms the experience of interacting with reality, a tool that allows us to experience it more intensely than in everyday life.
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Wilson, Dawn M. "Invisible Images and Indeterminacy: Why We Need a Multi-stage Account of Photography." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 79, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaac/kpab005.
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Abstract Some photographs show determinate features of a scene because the photographed scene had those features. This dependency relation is, rightly, a consensus in philosophy of photography. I seek to refute many long-established theories of photography by arguing that they are incompatible with this commitment. In Section II, I classify accounts of photography as either single-stage or multi-stage. In Section III, I analyze the historical basis for single-stage accounts. In Section IV, I explain why the single-stage view led scientists to postulate “latent” photographic images as a technical phenomenon in early chemical photography. In Section V, I discredit the notion of an invisible latent image in chemical photography and, in Section VI, extend this objection to the legacy of the latent image in digital photography. In Section VII, I appeal to the dependency relation to explain why the notion of a latent image makes the single-stage account untenable. Finally, I use the multi-stage account to advance debate about “new” versus “orthodox” theories of photography.
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Susanto, Andreas Arie. "Fotografi adalah Seni: Sanggahan terhadap Analisis Roger Scruton mengenai Keabsahan Nilai Seni dari Sebuah Foto." Journal of Urban Society's Arts 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v4i1.1484.
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Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyanggah argumentasi Roger Scruton mengenai keabsahan nilai seni dari sebuah foto. Scruton berpendapat bahwa fotografi bukanlah karya seni. Fotografi hanyalah sebuah tindakan mekanis dalam menghasilkan suatu gambar, bukan representasi melainkan hanyalah peristiwa kausal, bukan gambaran imajinasi, tetapi hanya kopian. Fotografi mengandaikan adanya kemudahan dalam penciptaan seni. Pernyataan Scruton semakin dikuatkan dengan fenomena perkembangan teknologi yang sudah melupakan sisi estetis dan hanya berpasrah sepenuhnya pada tindakan mesin. Penekanan berlebihan terhadap keunggulan reduplikasi, proses instan, dan otomatisasi fotografi membuat fotografi kehilangan tempatnya di dunia seni. Akan tetapi, persoalan seni adalah persoalan rasa. Fotografi tetaplah sebuah seni dengan melihat adanya relasi intensional yang tercipta antara objek dan seorang fotografer dalam sebuah foto. Relasi intensional ini tercermin dalam proses, imajinasi, dan kreativitas fotografer di dalam menghasilkan sebuah foto. Lukisan dan fotografi adalah seni menurut rasanya masing-masing. Photography is an Art: A Disaproval towards Roger Scruton's Analysis on the Legitimacy of Art Value of a Photograph. This paper aims to disprove Roger Scruton's argument about the validity of the artistic value of a photograph. Scruton argues that photography is not a work of art. Photography is simply a mechanical action in producing a picture, not a representation but merely a causal event, not an imaginary image, but only a copy. Photography presupposes the ease of art creation. Scruton's statement is further reinforced by the phenomenon of technological development that has forgotten the aesthetic side and only entirely devoted to the action of the machine. The excessive emphasis on the benefits of reduplication, instant processing, and photographic automation makes photography lose its place in the art world. However, the issue of art is a matter of taste. Photography remains an art by seeing the intense relationships created between an object and a photographer in a photograph. This intense relationship is reflected in the process, imagination, and creativity of the photographer in producing a photograph. Painting and photography are arts according to their own taste.
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Narušytė, Agnė. "Swimming in the desert of time: photography transformed by the flow of digital images and Akvilė Anglickaitė’s installation "Ocean"." SPHAIROS 13 (2022): 167–85. https://doi.org/10.53630/sphairos.2022.6.
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The premise of this article is Paul Virilio’s concept of a “temporal catastrophe” where space is cancelled by the “dromospherical time of light” in the world of real time media. When digital technologies and the internet have speeded up communication and cancelled distances, this is no longer just a dystopian fantasy. The fake reality of the digital world may be convincing not least because of its basis in photography - still or moving. Roland Barthes claims that this medium is founded on the “myth” that what is photographed is real, natural, and objective, while it is also imaginary and subjective. This contributes to the sense that the time of a photograph is twofold and strange - not least because we perceive every photograph as a frozen unique and objective moment, according to the philosopher Peter Osborne. This mode intensifies when photography becomes digital, while faith in the reality and “naturalness” of photographs is lost because it is increasingly easy to manipulate them or even create photographs without reference to any reality, merely by using an algorithm. Hoping to understand this paradox, Lithuanian artist Akvilė Anglickaitė created the installation Ocean in 2017. This paper discusses this work as a tool to explore how digital photography affects our changing perception of time that becomes both a desert and an ocean. Keywords: Paul Virilio, Akvilė Anglickaitė, photography, time, memory, event of visualization, repetition.
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Blos-Jáni, Melinda. "The Visibility of a City in the Interwar Period. Scopic Regimes in the Photographs of Lajos Orbán (1897–1972) From Cluj." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia Artium 68 (December 30, 2023): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbhistart.2023.06.
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The Visibility of a City in the Interwar Period. Scopic Regimes in the Photographs of Lajos Orbán (1897–1972) from Cluj. Lajos Orbán was an amateur photographer, whose main body of work was produced starting from the 1920s when he became the employee of a local shop specialized in photographic equipment and member in local photographic societies, e.g. the Tessar Bowling Society. His photographs were displayed at international photo exhibitions, but he was organising regional photo contests and exhibitions as well. His photographs show the influence of the pictorialist photography, but traces of modernism or the new objectivism are present as well. These pictures became archival documents, and they are also important resources to the visual culture of Transylvania, the visual literacy of the people living in the interwar years. The paper offers an in depth analysis of the scopic regimes detectable in the photographic heritage of Lajos Orbán based on the ways human figures and spatial relations are represented in his pictures. Keywords: amateur photography, visual culture, urban life, “flâneur”, scopic regime, landscape, human figures
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Cocker, Alan. "Photographers Hart, Campbell and Company: The role of photography in exploration, tourism and national promotion in nineteenth century New Zealand." Back Story Journal of New Zealand Art, Media & Design History, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/backstory.vi2.24.
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It has been argued that “the history of New Zealand is unique because the period of pioneer colonization closely coincided with the invention and development of photography”1. However, as the first successfully recorded photograph in the country was not made until the late 1840s, the widespread use of photography came after the initial European settlement and its influence coincided more closely with the development of early tourism and with the exploration and later promotion of the country’s wild and remote places. The photographic partnership of William Hart and Charles Campbell followed the path of the gold miners into the hinterland of the South Island aware of its potential commercial photographic value. Photographers understood the “great public interest in what the colony looked like and inthe potential for features that would command international attention”2. Photography was promoted as presenting the world as it was, free of the interpretation of the artist. By the early 1880s the Hart, Campbell portfolio was extensive and their work featured at exhibitions in London, Sydney and Melbourne. Yet their photographs were criticised for fakery and William Hart’s photograph of Sutherland Falls, ‘the world’s highest waterfall’, promoted a quite inaccurate claim.
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AGUIAR, JONAS JOSÉ MENDES, JEAN CARLOS SANTOS, and MARIA VIRGINIA URSO-GUIMARÃES. "On the use of photography in science and taxonomy: how images can provide a basis for their own authentication." Bionomina 12, no. 1 (March 24, 2017): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.12.1.4.
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Photography has, since its inception, significantly contributed as a tool to many areas of scientific research and consequently, has been able to achieve a high level of prestige in the scientific field. In recent years, there has been an increasing debate within the scientific community regarding the need for the deposition of type specimens when describing new species. Recently, Marshall & Evenhuis (2015) described a new species of Diptera, based exclusively on a few photographs. Even if one withholds judgement about whether the photographs used present sufficient characteristics for the description and identification of this new species, data missing from the holotype photograph could be of great importance for other analyses and future comparisons. The authors have omitted the digital photographic format used for the photographs in their work, and at no point has a deposition of the RAW type (a digital format sometimes called digital negatives, this file preserves most of the information from the captured picture) for verification of its authenticity been mentioned. The absence of this file for verification of the authenticity of the photograph makes its scientific credibility questionable and untrustworthy. We consider this taxonomical practice based exclusively on the use of photographs to be simplistic and harmful. Although the Code does not mention Rules about the use of photography formats we strongly suggest that, for the elaboration of academic articles, not only in taxonomic ones, using characteristics based on digital photography, the authors should be willing to make the RAW file of the photograph available for comparison in order to avoid doubts regarding the authenticity of the photograph presented.
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Kephart, Richard E. "Photographic Standards in Rhinoplasty." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 12, no. 1 (March 1995): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689501200113.
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The difference between photography in general and photographic documentation is explored as a possible reason why standardized photographic documentation has been so elusive to cosmetic surgeons. Photographic documentation must employ the scientific experimental procedure wherein all of the elements that can affect the outcome of a photograph are held constant so that the one change, that performed by the surgeon, can be studied. The adaptive nature of off-the-shelf cameras and lighting, targeted to the amateur photographer, defeats the principles of scientific documentation. Simple modifications to equipment already owned by the cosmetic surgeon and methods for standardizing the documentation of the rhinoplasty procedure are presented so that constancy and repeatability can be brought to pre- and postoperative documentation sessions and then be delegated to staff. These methods can be extrapolated for the documentation of other surgical procedures. Photographs that illustrate the posing procedure and its effectiveness accompany the presentation.
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Molloy, Caroline. "The Studio Photograph as a Conceptual Framework." Membrana Journal of Photography, Vol. 3, no. 2 (2018): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m5.038.art.
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In her essay, Caroline’s draws from her PhD thesis that looks the visual habitus of transcultural photography. She concentrates her writing on the genre of studio photography, specifically early English studio photography and argues that the conceptual framework established in early photographic studio practices still has its legacy in contemporary digital photographic studio practices. To illustrate this argument, she draws from a contemporary case-study in her local, digital photographic studio in North London and discusses a selection of photographs in relation to early photographic studio practices. She suggests that rather than a radical break caused by digital technologies, digital photography has opened up imaginative ways in which to make studio portraits that blur boundaries between the real and symbolic. Keywords: anthropology, digital form of photography, photography, studio photography
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Puškaš, Nela, and Ivana Arađanin. "Photography Department of professor Aleksandar Kostić: Establishment, achievements and significance." Zdravstvena zastita 51, no. 4 (2022): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zdravzast51-41664.
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In 1924, Dr. Aleksandar Đ. Kostić, the first Professor of Histology and Embryology and the founder of the Institute of Histology at the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade, formed the Photography Department within the Institute. The first photographs were microphotographs of histological specimens and a certain number of them were published in 1925 in the Microphotographic Atlas of Normal Histology. However, a greater number of photographs were used for the preparation of microphotograms, that is, black and white diapositives which were shown during lectures and laboratory practices. In the following years, Professor Kostić expanded his photographic topics to pathohistological specimens, urine crystals, and bacteriological samples, operative and autopsy material, and embryological and teratological samples. A particularly important activity of the Department was making photographs of patients. Patients were photographed in hospitals or in the studio of the Photography Department. In addition to photographs, the first films entitled Blood flow in the peritoneal membrane of a frog and Blood flow in the interdigital membrane of a frog were made there. During the Second World War occupation, the Germans took away the photographic equipment and consumables, but after the liberation, at the beginning of 1946, the work was restored. In addition to photography, Professor Kostić organized filming and he directed the first medical films in the first post-war years. The Department was still the center of medical photography at the Faculty, while Professor Kostić was the head until 1952, when he was removed from the Faculty of Medicine due to political reasons.
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Ruzgienė, Birutė. "REQUIREMENTS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." Geodesy and cartography 30, no. 3 (August 3, 2012): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921541.2004.9636646.
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The photogrammetric mapping process at the first stage requires planning of aerial photography. Aerial photographs quality depends on the successfull photographic mission specified by requirements that meet not only Lithuanian needs, but also the requirements of the European Union. For such a purpose the detailed specifications for aerial photographic mission for mapping urban territories at a large scale are investigated. The aerial photography parameters and requirements for flight planning, photographic strips, overlaps, aerial camera and film are outlined. The scale of photography, flying height and method for photogrammetric mapping is foreseen as well as tolerances of photographs tilt and swings round (yaw) are presented. Digital camera based on CCD sensors and on-board GPS is greatly appreciated in present-day technologies undertaking aerial mission.
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Wyatt, Kirk D., Anissa Finley, Richard Uribe, Peter Pallagi, Brian Willaert, Steve Ommen, James Yiannias, and Thomas Hellmich. "Patients' Experiences and Attitudes of Using a Secure Mobile Phone App for Medical Photography: Qualitative Survey Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): e14412. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14412.
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Background Point-of-care clinical photography using mobile devices is coming of age as a new standard of care for clinical documentation. High-quality cameras in modern smartphones facilitate faithful reproduction of clinical findings in photographs; however, clinical photographs captured on mobile devices are often taken using the native camera app on the device and transmitted using relatively insecure methods (eg, SMS text message and email) that do not preserve images as part of the electronic medical records. Native camera apps lack robust security features and direct integration with electronic health records (EHRs), which may limit patient acceptability and usefulness to clinicians. In March 2015, Mayo Clinic overcame these barriers by launching an internally developed mobile app that allows health care providers to securely capture clinical photographs and upload them to the EHR in a manner that is compliant with patient privacy and confidentiality regulations. Objective The study aimed to understand the perceptions, attitudes, and experiences of patients who were photographed using a mobile point-of-care clinical image capture app. Methods The study included a mail-out survey sent to 292 patients in Rochester, Minnesota, who were photographed using a mobile point-of-care clinical image capture app within a preceding 2-week period. Results The surveys were completed by 71 patients who recalled being photographed. Patients were seen in 18 different departments, with the most common departments being dermatology (19/71, 27%), vascular medicine (17/71, 24%), and family medicine (10/71, 14%). Most patients (49/62, 79%) reported that photographs were taken to simply document the appearance of a clinical finding for future reference. Only 16% (10/62) of patients said the photographs were used to obtain advice from a specialist. Furthermore, 74% (51/69) of the patients said they would recommend medical photography to others and 67% (46/69) of them thought the photos favorably affected their care. Patients were largely indifferent about the device used for photography (mobile device vs professional camera; 40/69, 58%) or the identity of the photographer (provider vs professional photographer; 52/69, 75%). In addition, 90% (64/71) of patients found reuse of photographs for one-on-one learner education to be acceptable. Acceptability for other uses declined as the size of the audience increased, with only 42% (30/71) of patients deeming reuse on social media for medical education as appropriate. Only 3% (2/71) of patients expressed privacy or confidentiality concerns. Furthermore, 52% (33/63) of patients preferred to provide consent verbally, and 21% (13/63) of them did not think a specific consent process was necessary. Conclusions Patient attitudes regarding medical photography using a secure EHR-integrated app were favorable. Patients perceived that photography improved their care despite the most common reason for photography being to simply document the appearance of a clinical finding for future reference. Whenever possible, health care providers should utilize secure EHR-integrated apps for point-of-care medical photography using mobile devices.