Artículos de revistas: "Phosphatic fertilizers Evaluation"

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Rojas, John, Julian Quintero, Yhors Ciro y Javier Silva. "Comparative Evaluation of Sonicated Shrimp Waste Hydrolysates as Potential Fertilizers for Legumes". HortScience 54, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2019): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14103-19.

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The global annual production of shrimp is nearly 4.8 million metric tons, generating almost half this weight in waste. The aim of this study was to assess the development and crop production of legumes fertilized with alkaline sonicated shrimp waste under greenhouse conditions. Plants were grown separately under the following fertilization regimes: untreated soil, untreated cotton substrate, two commercial fertilizers [commercial organic fertilizer (COF) and commercial synthetic fertilizer (CSF)], and shrimp waste having hydrolysis degrees of 0%, 15%, 18%, and 25%. Electrical conductivity of shrimp-based fertilizers (SBFs) decreased with hydrolysis degree. However, pH (6.7–6.9), densification (0.2–0.3 g·cm–3) and conductivity (10–21 µS·cm–1) of soil was unaffected by fertilization. Furthermore, CSF had the greatest ionic exchange capability. Sonolysis resulted in an assimilable source of C, N, and O, mainly derived from carbohydrates and proteins, and increased the availability of minerals such as Ca and phosphate. The greatest plant growth in both legumes was achieved when treated with CSF, whereas the raw shrimp waste caused a beneficial plant growth and crop yield mainly for Phaseolus vulgaris. All fertilizers showed typical type II isotherms, and soil substrate per se exhibited the largest water uptake. The soil microbiota increased during the growing cycle and then decreased as the reproductive phase started. In fact, soil planted with Phaseolus vulgaris showed a greater microbial population than Pisium sativum. These shrimp waste hydrolysates can be used as alternative organic soil fertilizers and are suggested as substitutes for synthetic fertilizers.

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Shiri, Manochehr, Morteza Kamrani y Asghar Ebadi. "Evaluation of integrated nitrogen and phosphorous management using the TT biplot method in soybean". Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 65, n.º 1 (2020): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2001019s.

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To investigate the effects of integrated nutrient management on oil, protein, grain yield and some traits of soybean, we conducted a factorial experiment involving 4 bio-fertilizer (no inoculation, inoculation with Barvar-2, inoculation with Biosoy and dual inoculation with Biosoy and Barvar-2) and 3 chemical fertilizer levels (no chemical fertilizer, 66 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 50 kg ha-1 urea, 132 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 100 kg ha-1 urea) with 100% chemical fertilizer (200 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphates + 150 kg ha-1 urea) as control base in a randomized complete block with four replications at the research farm of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran. Analysis of variance showed that treatment combinations affected most of the traits (P>0.01). We used the biplot analysis as the treatment ? trait (TT) biplot to determine the best treatment combinations and traits. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 94 and 96% of the total variant of the standardized data in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Accordingly, application of Biosoy and 150 kg ha-1 urea + 200 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphate significantly increased stem height at harvest, number of grains per plant, biomass, hundred-grain weight, oil and protein yield, protein percent and grain yield compared to the other treatment combinations. The results showed that there were positive correlations between these traits. Also, non-inoculated plants and no chemical fertilizer treatments significantly increased oil percent. The results indicate that higher-yielding treatment combinations had lower oil percent. The biplot was used for ranking of treatment combinations based on a single trait. These study results suggest that bio-fertilizers had a positive influence on soybean and that they could diminish the use of chemical fertilizers. The study reveals that the TT biplot was able to graphically show the interrelationships between traits and support visual comparison of treatments.

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Hall, William L. y Sanford Siegel. "Evaluation of Commonly Used Methods for the Analysis of Acid-Soluble Phosphate in Internationally Traded Inorganic Fertilizers". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2014): 742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.13-376.

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Abstract Several methodologies are used throughout the world to determine phosphate concentration (measured as PO4 and expressed as % P2O5) in fertilizers. Concentrated phosphate materials, including diammonium phosphate (DAP) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP), are traded in large volumes (millions of metric tons) internationally. The International Fertilizer Association (IFA) identified a need to assess the methods currently being used to measure the phosphate content for suitability (scope), accuracy, and repeatability. Even small discrepancies in the expressed P2O5 content can have a major financial impact on buyers and sellers as contracts are settled and import regulations are imposed. The IFA's Technical Committee selected a working group to address issues dealing with harmonization of fertilizer sampling and analytical methodologies. The working group identified phosphate content in DAP and MAP fertilizers as a major concern for commerce. The working group initiated a method screening and comparison project to assess method performance and to determine which methods, if any, could be considered best practice methods and, therefore, be deemed acceptable for use by the industry. In order to systematically review the acceptability of methods for consideration, the task force developed an assessment protocol outlined in a white paper involving three steps: (1) compile all known relevant methods practiced in global fertilizer trade, (2) review and evaluate methods based upon specific evaluation criteria, and (3) compare the methods that most closely fit the evaluation criteria by multilaboratory analysis of unknown materials for accuracy and repeatability. Six methods were evaluated for analysis of total phosphate in concentrated phosphate products. From these methods, four were determined to be acceptable as best practice methods. The study members proposed three of the methods, while a fourth method was commonly used among the participating laboratories. This publication is a summary of the method comparison process and statistical evaluation of analysis of total phosphate content in concentrated phosphate fertilizers.

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Thamaraiselvi, R, y K. Arulmozhiselvan. "Fixation of soluble forms of fertilizer phosphorus in salt affected soils of Ramanathapuram and Trichy districts and acid soil of Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, n.º 2 (10 de junio de 2020): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.vi.2284.

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Soluble phosphorus (P) applied through phosphatic fertilizers is quickly converted into low soluble P compounds in soil. For evaluating fixation ability of P fertilizers laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with saline, sodic and acid soils. Phosphatic fertilizers selected were single super phosphate (SSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), monopotassium phosphate (MPP) and 19:19:19 N, P2O5, K2O % (All-19). Fixation of P was computed based on the amount of P recovered after addition of P in the soil in increasing levels. At a typical P addition at 16 kg ha-1 the results were compared in all soils. In saline soil, high fixation of P occurred when DAP (12.18 kg ha-1) and MPP (11.28 kg ha-1) were applied. In sodic soil, high fixation of P resulted when SSP (7.10 kg ha-1) was applied. In acid soil, high fixation of P occurred when All -19 (12.64 kg ha-1), MAP (12.40 kg ha-1), SSP (12.22 kg ha-1), and DAP (11.74 kg ha-1) were applied. With all forms of phosphatic fertilizers fixation of added P occurred to the extent of 57.9 to 79.0 per cent in acid soil, 55.0 to 70.5 per cent in saline soil and 25.5 to 44.4 per cent in sodic soil. In saline soil availability of P might be higher for SSP and All-19 compared to ammonium/ potassium phosphate fertilizers. On the other hand, MPP, MAP and All-19 may be preferably applied in sodic/ acid soils alternative to SSP or DAP for realizing higher P release in soils from added fertilizers for the benefit of crop utilization.

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Boyhan, George E., Reid L. Torrance, Ronald H. Blackley, M. Jefferson Cook y C. Randell Hill. "EVALUATION OF FERTILITY PRACTICES FOR VIDALIA ONIONS". HortScience 40, n.º 3 (junio de 2005): 885e—886. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.885e.

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Fertilizer rates of N, P, K were evaluated over 4 years (2000–03) as were different sources of experimental and commercial fertilizers. The highest total yields and yields of jumbos (≥7.6 cm) occurred with nitrogen rates of 140–168 kg·ha–1. Neither phosphorus nor potassium rates had an affect on total yield. Phosphorus rates of 0-147 kg·ha–1 and potassium rates of 0–177 kg·ha–1 were evaluated. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer resulted in increasing leaf tissue nitrogen, but did not affect P, K, Ca, or S. Increasing phosphorus fertilizer increased leaf tissue phosphorus only slightly (p = 0.060) with no affect on other leaf nutrient levels. Increasing potassium fertilizer did affect leaf tissue potassium 2 out of 4 years with none of the other leaf nutrient levels affected. Several fertilizers were also evaluated including an experimental fortified peat (10%N), calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, 5–10–15 (56 kg·ha–1 N), 18-6-8 liquid, 14–0–12 8%S liquid, 19–8–19 slow-release at rates of 140 and 168 kg·ha–1 nitrogen. All were used to supply 168 kg·ha–1 nitrogen unless noted otherwise. P and K were supplied according to soil test recommendations unless they were part of the fertilizer formulation. There were no differences between the different fertilizer sources for total yield and differences in jumbo yields only occurred one year out of three years of testing and for medium (≥5.1 and <7.6 cm) yields there were differences two years out of three years of testing.

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Boyhan, George E., Reid L. Torrance, David E. Curry, Pamela M. Lewis, Donna O. Linton y C. Randy Hill. "Evaluation of Transplant Fertility of Short-day Onions in Southeast Georgia". HortScience 37, n.º 4 (julio de 2002): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.4.651.

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Preplant levels of 5N-4.4P-12.4K (-5S or -9S) and sidedress applications of CaNO3 were evaluated in onion (Allium cepa L.). In addition, high phosphorus fertilizers 18N-20.1P-0K (diammonium phosphate) and liquid 10N-14.8P-0K were evaluated on sites with and without high residual phosphorus levels as well as their interaction with onion cultivars. Sidedress applications of CaNO3 had a significant effect on plant height and an interaction with preplant 5N-4.4P-12.4K fertilizer. There was a linear increase in plant height with increasing applications of 5N-4.4P-12.4K from 0 to 1569 kg·ha-1 with the CaNO3 applications. Neither 5N-4.4P-12.4K nor CaNO3 applications affected stand count. 5N-4.4P-12.4K fertilizer had significant linear effects on tissue potassium and sulfur. Tissue nitrogen and calcium increased with CaNO3 applications while phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur decreased. CaNO3 also had a positive effect on suitability for transplanting. There was an interaction effect between 5N-4.4P-12.4K and CaNO3 for tissue phosphorus levels. There was a linear decrease in tissue phosphorus levels with increasing amounts of 5N-4.4P-12.4K fertilizer with the sidedress CaNO3 treatments. High phosphorus fertilizers applied directly after seeding had no effect on plant stand or plant height either on soils with or without high residual phosphorus in 1998. In 1999, 10N-14.8P-0K fertilizer had a significant effect on plant height while 18N-20.1P-0K did not. Based on this study, we conclude that additional applications of high phosphorus fertilizers applied post seeding are not required due to the relatively warm conditions found in southeast Georgia in September. There were differences between cultivars, but cultivar× high phosphorus fertilizer interactions were nonsignificant.

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Souza, Henrique Antunes de, Maria Diana Melo Araújo, Vinícius de Melo Benites, Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu, Fernando Lisboa Guedes, William Natale, Ane Caroline Melo y Luiz Fernando Carvalho Leite. "Agronomic Efficiency and Productivity of Sorghum in Response to Fertilizers With Different Phosphorus Solubilities in Greenhouse Conditions". Journal of Agricultural Science 11, n.º 17 (15 de octubre de 2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n17p177.

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The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil, to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizers with different solubilities on the cultivation of sorghum in a Luvisol. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme (two genotypes and five phosphorus treatments plus the control, without phosphorus). The treatments were: monoammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate, sheep manure, organic compost based on livestock residues, and organomineral fertilizer. Three blocks were used, and each plot comprised composed of a pot containing two plants. Sixty-five days after germination, the plants were harvested for evaluation of biometric data, biomass, accumulation of nutrients in the aerial part, soil fertility, agronomic efficiency index of the phosphate fertilizers and triple superphosphate equivalent. The organomineral and triple superphosphate fertilizers had the highest agronomic efficiency for production of sorghum biomass. The more soluble sources (organomineral, triple superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate) enabled a better phosphorus recovery rate and physiological efficiency than the sources with low solubility.

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Diallo, Adama, Boubacar Traore, Souleymane Dambe, Sanata Traore, Antoine Padou Diarra, Hamidou Konare, Brahima B. Traore, Mama Plea y Lars Erickson. "Evaluation de l’impact de l’utilisation du diammonium phosphate sur la disponibilité du zinc dans un sol rizicole au Mali". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, n.º 7 (7 de diciembre de 2020): 2629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i7.21.

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L’utilisation des fertilisants chimiques dans l’agriculture s’est fortement accentuée ce dernier temps au Mali. En effet l’apport régulier du diammonium phosphate (DAP) peut influencer la mobilité du zinc, car les phosphates fixent cet élément. L’étude a pour but d’évaluer l’impact de l’utilisation de ce fertilisant phosphaté sur la disponibilité du zinc. Ainsi pour la caractérisation, l’échantillon est analysé par plusieurs méthodes physico-chimiques : la diffraction des rayons X et la microscopie électronique à balayage. Des essais d’absorption ont été réalisés avec cinq pots numérotés (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4) contenant chacun 1 kg d’échantillon auxquels a été ajouté respectivement 0 ; 2 ; 4 ; 8 et 10 g du fertilisant. D’autres essais ont été conduits avec 3 g d’échantillons prélevés dans le pot P4, auxquels ont été appliqué respectivement 150 ppm, 300 ppm, 450 ppm et 600 ppm de zinc. Il ressort de ce travail que la quantité de Zn retenu est proportionnelle à celle du DAP et que la limite (rétention en 21 jours) = 499,9993 ppm > limite (rétention en 15 jours) = 499,9991 ppm > limite (rétention en 7 jours) = 499,9990 ppm > limite (rétention en 1 jour) = 499,9980 ppm. Cette étude a montré que le diammonium phosphate retient le zinc et influence donc sa biodisponibilité.Mots clés : Sol rizicole, Pana au Mali, rétention du zinc, impact de l’utilisation, Diammonium phosphate. English Title: Estimate the impact of phosphate diammonium usage on the availability of zinc in a rice producing soil in Mali The use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has highly increased this last time in Mali. In fact the regular contribution of DAP can influence the mobility of zinc, because the phosphate fix this element. The object of this study is to estimate the impact of this phosphate fertilizer on the availability of zinc. So for the characterization, the sample is analysed through several physico-chemical methods: the X rays diffraction and the sweeping electronic microscopy. Some absorbing tests have been carried out with five numbered pots (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4) containing each 1 kg of sample to which has been added respectively 0; 2; 4; 8 and 10 g of the fertilizer. Other tests have conducted with 3 g samples removed from the pot P4, to which has been applied respectively 150 ppm, 300 ppm, 450 ppm and 600 ppm of zinc. As a result of the work the quantity of zinc retained is proportional to the one of DAP and the limit (retention in 21 days) = 499.9993 ppm > limit (retention in 15 days) = 499.9991 ppm > limit (retention in 7 days) = 499.9990 ppm > limit (retention in 1 day) = 499.9980 ppm. This study has shown that the phosphate diammonium retains the zinc and influences in this case its bioavailability.Keywords: Rice producing soil, Pana in Mali, zinc retention, the impact of the usage, phosphate diammonium.

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Lefroy, RDB, M. Dana y GJ Blair. "A glasshouse evaluation of sulfur fertilizer sources for crops and pastures. III. Soluble and non-soluble sulfur and phosphorus sources for pastures". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, n.º 7 (1994): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9941525.

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Decreasing terms of trade of animal producers and increasing awareness of environmental problems associated with fertilizer use has resulted in increased emphasis on improving fertilizer use efficiency. Elemental S and reactive phosphate rock offer two sources of fertilizers with slower nutrient release rates than gypsum or monocalcium phosphate. A randomized block experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions. Undisturbed soil cores of an Aquic Haplustalf soil were oversown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens, L.), and a factorial combination of two S sources (elemental S and gypsum), two P sources (triple superphosphate, (TSP), or North Carolina reactive phosphate rock (RPR), two methods of S and P application (S mixed with granulated TSP or RPR and S coated onto TSP or granulated RPR). An unfertilized control (C) was included in order to calculate fertilizer S recovery using the 35S reverse dilution technique. Pots were either watered to field capacity (NL) or watered to 25% excess to promote leaching (L). Harvests of tops were made at 4 or 8 weekly intervals up to 96 weeks after application when the pots were destructively harvested. Yields were lower in the leached than the unleached pots between weeks 8 and 44 where TSP or G was applied. Clover yields were initially highest with G, but elemental S gave more sustained production. Yields and P content of tops were lower with RPR than TSP up to week 36. Recovery of fertilizer S was higher in the TSP than RPR treatments up to week 24. Leaching losses of S were higher from G than elemental S sources up to week 17 and were higher where TSP was the P source. Manipulation of P and S source has been shown to improve the efficiency of utilization of the applied fertilizers.

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Kulczycki, Grzegorz, Elżbieta G. Magnucka, Małgorzata P. Oksińska, Jolanta Kucińska, Rafał Kobyłecki, Katarzyna Pawęska, Robert Zarzycki, Andrzej Kacprzak y Stanisław J. Pietr. "The Effect of Various Types of Biochar Mixed with Mineral Fertilization on the Development and Ionome of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings and Soil Properties in a Pot Experiment". Agronomy 10, n.º 12 (2 de diciembre de 2020): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121903.

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This paper focuses on the agronomic evaluation of a synthetic NPK (N in the form of urea, P and K in the form of phosphate monopotassium) fertilizers blended with four types of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood biochar prepared at different thermal regimes (300 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C). The evaluation of benefits was done based on crop nutritional status and soil fertility. The pot experiment was set up with fertile Haplic Luvisol fertilized with 1.85 g kg−1 of blends of biochar (1.25 g) with urea (310 mg) and KH2PO4 (290 mg), which is equivalent to 500 kg ha−1 (biochar ~67.6%; N ~7.8%; P ~3.6%; K ~4.7%) applied before sowing. Only NPK blends made with biochar containing 75% or 85% carbon increased the biomass of 27-day old wheat seedlings from 12% to 20% in comparison to NPK applied alone. These blends raised the content of Mn and Fe in plants but decreased the contents of Ca and Mg. All the tested mixtures enhanced soil fertility by increasing the content of humic acids. Additionally, the content of potentially phytotoxic phenolic compounds was lower. In general, the addition of biochar to NPK fertilizer did not show a negative effect on crop quality. The overall results of the study suggest that the application of low doses of biochar to synthetic fertilizer can benefit crops and can support soil fertility.

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Franco Junior, Kleso Silva, Julian Silva Carvalho, Bernardino Cangussu Guimarães, Camila Karen Reis Barbosa, Giselle Prado Brigante, Marcio De Souza Dias, André Aprelini y Nilton De Oliveira Silva. "EVALUATION OF SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER ON THE INITIAL DEVELOPMENT AND COFFEE PRODUCTION". Coffee Science 14, n.º 4 (9 de diciembre de 2019): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i4.1651.

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The objective in this work was to evaluate the efficiency of slow release fertilizer in seedling production, initial development and first coffee production. The research was carried out at Sitio Santa Felicidade, Campestre - MG, Brazil, in a randomized block design with two treatments and ten replicates, totaling 20 experimental plots. Coffee seedlings were produced using Ciclus Substrate (20% N, 22% P2O5 and 5% K2O) and conventional fertilizers 4 kg simple super phosphate (18% P2O5) and 0.25 kg Potassium Chloride (58% K2O). The variables evaluated were size, dry and fresh matter of the shoot and root system, and the seedlings were transplanted to the field and those from Ciclus Substrate received in the first year Ciclus NS (30% N) and in the second year. NK (19-00-19) and conventionally produced with conventional fertilizers (20-00-20 and 25-00-25 respectively), the variables evaluated were: shoot growth, length and number of plagiotropic branch internodes Slow release fertilizer ciclus Substrate has been found to be a viable technology for the production of arabica coffee seedlings, coffee planting NS provides good plant development and coffee producing NK provides good plant growth and higher productivity.

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Pauly, D. G., S. S. Malhi y M. Nyborg. "Controlled-release P fertilizer concept evaluation using growth and P uptake of barley from three soils in greenhouse". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2002): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-021.

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Use of controlled-release P fertilizers to match the fertilizer P availability to crop requirement has potential for improvement of P uptake and crop production. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the concept of controlled-release P fertilizer by using different coatings to regulate the release of P and to compare the growth and P uptake of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in three Alberta soils. Testing of different coatings in one experiment was followed by further evaluation of the promising treatments in two experiments. Commercial monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP) were coated with a polymer (thin-coated, 1.8% by weight or thick-coated, 2.2%) or enveloped in commercial packaging polyethylene film (shrink wrap, SW) with two, four or six pin-holes to control P release. Thin-coated treatment showed greater dry matter yield (DMY), P uptake (PU), net fertilizer P efficiency (NFPE) and net fertilizer releases efficiency of MAP compared to the uncoated, thick-coated or SW treatments in many cases. Coating of DAP did not consistently improve any of the above-mentioned parameters. In some cases, uncoated fertilizer had greater DMY, PU and NFPE than the polymer-coated treatments in early stages of crop growth (at the 13th, 26th, and 30th days), but coated treatments generally performed better during later stages of crop (at the 39th, 45th, 60th and 90th days). At 31.4 mg P pot-1 for example, thick-coated treatment had about 25% of its total PU during the 60th to 90th day, which resulted in greater spike yield accumulation in this treatment (8.4 g pot-1) compared to uncoated fertilizer (5.0 g pot-1). The P release rate was greater with thin-coated fertilizer than with thick-coated fertilizer during the 0 to 13th days (by 0.199 mg P kg-1d-1) and the 13th to 26th days (by 0.084 mg P kg-1d-1), but the opposite was true during the 26th to 39th days (by 0.112 mg P kg-1d-1) and the 39th to 52th days (by 0.064 mg P kg-1d-1). The polymer-coated, in particular the thin-coated, fertilizers delivered P in a manner that allowed the plants to use it more effectively than the uncoated MAP in several cases, which indicated a potential for improvement of fertilizer P efficiency and crop production. Key words: Barley growth, controlled-release P fertilizer, P uptake, yield

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Araújo, Maria D. M., Henrique A. de Souza, Vinicius M. Benites, Roberto C. F. F. Pompeu, William Natale y Luiz F. C. Leite. "Organomineral phosphate fertilization in millet in sandy soil". Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 24, n.º 10 (octubre de 2020): 694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n10p694-699.

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ABSTRACT Evaluation of fertilizers is an important premise, given the need for knowing new alternative sources to increase the efficiency in the use of nutrients, especially phosphorus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of millet cultivated in sandy soil under phosphorus doses and sources. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in Sobral, CE, in soil with low phosphorus concentration in the randomized block experimental design, with two sources (monoammonium phosphate - MAP and organomineral fertilizer prepared with MAP and organic compost of waste from small ruminant production - OMF) and four doses of P2O5 (35, 70, 140 and 210 kg ha-1), plus an additional treatment without phosphate fertilization, with three replicates, conducted in the second half of 2015. The variables measured were dry mass production, phosphorus accumulation in the plant and agronomic, physiological and recovery efficiencies. Evaluations were carried out in two cuts in millet plants(65 and 110 days after germination). The data were subjected to analysis of variance, followed by t-test for the sources and regression analysis for the doses, in addition to the Dunnett’s test to compare the phosphate fertilization with the control. In the first cut, it was observed that even at low doses of P2O5 (35 kg ha-1of P2O5), the biomass increases compared to the control. Increment in phosphorus doses increased the accumulation of this nutrient in millet plants. Considering the total accumulated in the two cuts of millet, the organomineral fertilizer promoted higher nutrient content compared to monoammonium phosphate from 127 kg ha-1 of P2O5.

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Abdul Wahid, Ruwaida, Wei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Daniel James Johnson y Nidal Hilal. "Evaluating Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Performance in Treating Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent". Membranes 11, n.º 8 (28 de julio de 2021): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080566.

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Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) is a potential alternative to recover and reuse water and nutrients from agricultural wastewater, such as palm oil mill effluent that consists of 95% water and is rich in nutrients. This study investigated the potential of commercial fertilizers as draw solution (DS) in FDFO to treat anaerobic palm oil mill effluent (An-POME). The process parameters affecting FO were studied and optimized, which were then applied to fertilizer selection based on FO performance and fouling propensity. Six commonly used fertilizers were screened and assessed in terms of pure water flux (Jw) and reverse salt flux (JS). Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), and potassium chloride (KCl) were further evaluated with An-POME. MAP showed the best performance against An-POME, with a high average water flux, low flux decline, the highest performance ratio (PR), and highest water recovery of 5.9% for a 4-h operation. In a 24-h fouling run, the average flux decline and water recovered were 84% and 15%, respectively. Both hydraulic flushing and osmotic backwashing cleaning were able to effectively restore the water flux. The results demonstrated that FDFO using commercial fertilizers has the potential for the treatment of An-POME for water recovery. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to address challenges such as JS and the dilution factor of DS for direct use of fertigation.

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Das, R., A. R. Mandal, Anuj Priya, S. P. Das y J. Kabiraj. "Evaluation of integrated nutrient management on the performance of bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.]". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2015): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.557.

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The present investigation was conducted during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 at Horticulture Research Station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Monhanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India, to find out the effect of organic manure, chemical fertilizers and bio fertilizers in an integrated manner for yield maximization and quality improvement in bottle gourd cv. Pusa Naveen. The experiment consisted of eleven nutrient based treatment combinations, including different level of applications of inorganic fertilizers (Urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash), organic manure (vermicompost) and bio fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB). Present investigation clearly indicated the beneficial effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality characters of bottle gourd. The maximum length of main vine (226.00 cm), branches per plant (5.67), fruit number (10.00), fruit weight (873.33 g), fruit length (21.07 cm) and fruit diameter (8.18 cm) were recorded in the treatment which received equal proportions of N from inorganic and organic sources along with bio fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB). Quality characters namely, total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid in bottle gourd fruit were enhanced in the most favourable way due to application of 75% N from inorganic source and 25% N from organic source along with bio fertilizer (PSB). Keeping view on yield sustainability, balance in ecosystem, soil health improvement and good health of human beings, it may be suggested that vegetable growers particularly in new alluvial zone of West Bengal may supplement 25-50% recommended dose of nitrogen through vermicompost in bottle gourd cultivation along with bio fertilizers viz. Azotobacter and PSB.

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Sajeesh, P., P. Paulraj, V. Jaamuna, N. Jayakumar, K. P Sajna, M. Chandramohan, T. Ketharin y P. T Mohamed Javad. "Evaluation of Potential Native Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria for the Agriculture Practice of okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) with the Target to Replace Chemical Fertilizer - in a Field Study". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 4.14 (24 de diciembre de 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27468.

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Phosphorus (P) is a major growth limiting nutrient. Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) plays an important role in the development of agricultural industry. In this study, the native PSB were isolated from the okra plant root by using Pikovskaya’s medium and potential strains were selected based on the phosphate solubilization efficiency. The potential strains in presence of Rock Phosphate (RP), Tea dust, Eggshells and Bone waste of animal (TEB) were studied as an alternative fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer. The PSB consortia strains were prepared and inoculated to the plant root. Different growth parameters were studied to determine the effectiveness of strains. In all cases the difference was significant with p<0.05. A decreasing trend of results were recorded among the tested parameters from plants in PSB with RP, PSB with TEB, and PSB with TSP and followed by PSB without fertilizer. The highest results were recorded among plants in PSB with RP for mean shoot length (64cm), mean weight of fruits (29gm), mean length of fruits (23cm), mean number of leaves (13Nos) and chlorophyll content (5.1mg/g). Hence, the present study showed that the application of PSB with the cheap source of nutrients has shown the capability of providing similar or enhanced results based on the various characters expressed by the plant and thus reduce the reliance on synthetic chemical fertilizers.

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Pathan, Shamina Imran, Silvia Scibetta, Chiara Grassi, Giacomo Pietramellara, Simone Orlandini, Maria Teresa Ceccherini y Marco Napoli. "Response of Soil Bacterial Community to Application of Organic and Inorganic Phosphate Based Fertilizers under Vicia faba L. Cultivation at Two Different Phenological Stages". Sustainability 12, n.º 22 (20 de noviembre de 2020): 9706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229706.

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It is essential to investigate to which extent and how specifically soil–plant–microbe interactions can be conditioned by different agricultural practices. Legumes such as Vicia faba is one of the essential functional group in intercropping and crop rotations due to its higher N fixing capacity. Hence, it is important to study the living microbial community of this legume. Further, it is also expected that fluctuations in soil microbial diversity and composition could be complemented by plant phenological stages and different fertilizer amendments. Thus, we investigated bacterial community composition in soil treated with phosphate-based inorganic and organic fertilizers, in the presence of Vicia faba plants at flowering and fruiting time using NGS 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Further, the evaluation of plant biomass parameters under different fertilizer treatments was also carried out. The presence of the Vicia faba plant increased the abundance of N fixing bacterial such as Bardyrhizobium, Microvirga (Rhizobiales), Arthrobacter, and Psuedoarthrobacter (Actinomycetales) in soil. Fluctuation in composition and diversity of bacterial community was further supplemented by plant phenological stages. These alterations could be due to changes that occurred in the plant nutrient requirement and varied root exudation patterns at a specific phenological stage. Further, fertilizer treatments also have a profound effect on the diversity and structure of the bacterial community. Organic fertilizers, especially vegetable tanned leather waste (VTLW), have a stronger effect on the composition and diversity of bacterial community compared to inorganic fertilizer (PT—triple superphosphate). Alpha-diversity was significantly decreased by both organic and inorganic amendments, especially a species evenness because each fertilizer tends to stimulate the growth of distinctive microbes that dominated the community of amended soil. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were the most abundant phyla, and Chelatococcus, Cyanobacteria, Sphingomonas, and Microvirga were a most abundant genus that contributed most in co-occurrence pattern, which suggests that these generalists are adapted to a variety of environments. These indicate that plant presence was a key, dominating factor, followed by fertilizers and time, in affecting soil bacterial diversity and composition. Plant recruits system (fertilization and time) -specific taxa due to differences in available nutrients and energy sources among different treatments during different growth stages. Further, fertilizer treatments did not have a stronger effect on plant production as compared to the effect on microbial community, which highlights that organic fertilizers did not tend to increase plant production. Thus, organic and inorganic amendments with matched macronutrients could have a similar impact on crop yields.

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S.ALansari, Abdulmahdi, Muhammad M.Yassin y Mahdi W.Seheib. "Role of Organic Acids on Phosphorus Fractions in Silty Clay Loam Soil". Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN: 2077-5822 , E-ISSN: 2617-1479) 8, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33794/qjas.vol8.iss2.56.

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This study was conducted to evaluation the role of the organic acids in the phosphorus fractions in silty clay loam texture. The laboratoryexperiment was conducted by adding the organic acids (Humic acid ,Citric acid ,Oxalic acid , Malic acid ,Acetic acid and Lactic acid )to the fertilized soil with conc. super phosphate fertilizer with 100 kg h-1 level with concentrations (0,15,30,45 and60)mg L-1,except Humic acid (500,1000,1500 and 2000) mg L-1.The soil was incubated at 30 C for 14,28,42,56 and 70 days period and the keep of field capacity about of incubation period during the daily weight.Amount of available ,mineral ,organic and total phosphorus after each incubated period were measured. The results showed that theaddition of organic acids of Humic acid ,Citric acid ,Oxalic acid and Malic acid were caused to increaseamount of available ,mineral ,organic and constant of total phosphorus in fertilized soil with conc. super phosphate fertilizer and increased its amount with increasing of organic acid concentration and better of Humic acid 2000mg L-1 significanton all the treatments .The results of the study that theaddition of organic acids were caused to increase amount of available and mineral phosphorus with increasing of incubation period and constant amount of total phosphorus and decreasing of organic phosphorus amount and available for only soil and only fertilizer treatment during increasing of incubation period .The organic acids can be arranged according to its ability toincrease the availabilityof the phosphorus as follow :

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19

Prochnow, Luís Ignácio, José Francisco da Cunha y Ariel Francisco Candiotti Ventimiglia. "Field evaluation of water or citrate soluble phosphorus in modified phosphate rocks for soybean". Scientia Agricola 58, n.º 1 (marzo de 2001): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162001000100025.

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Ten P fertilizers were collected (commercial fertilizers) or synthesized (experimental sources) in order to obtain single superphosphates varying in water and citrate solubility. A standard source of P was also produced by crystallization of the water-soluble fraction of a triple superphosphate. Eleven P sources were band applied to a medium textured Xanthic Hapludox, in Bahia, Brazil (low content of resin-extractable P) at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O (neutral ammonium citrate plus water) soluble P2O5, with soybean as the crop which was grown to maturity. A check plot (control) was included in the study. Three of the P sources [single superphosphate produced from Araxa phosphate rock (PR), low-grade single superphosphate produced from Lagamar PR and the standard source of P] were also applied at rates to provide 40 and 120 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O soluble P2O5. Yield of soybean was evaluated by analysis of variance with mean comparison performed utilizing LSD lines, considering the P sources applied at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + control. Regression procedures were used to study the relation between yield of soybean and rates of P2O5. The fertilizers tested performed equally well as a source of P for soybean. The level of water-soluble P did not influence fertilizer performance.

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Boldrin, Paulo Fernandes, Ana Carollina Pereira dos Reis, Vinícius de Mello Benites, Rose Luiza Moraes Tavares, June Faria Scherrer Menezes y Veridiana Cardozo Gonçalves Cantão. "Soil Phosphorus and Corn Development Under Application of Phosphate Sources". Journal of Agricultural Science 13, n.º 9 (15 de agosto de 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n9p61.

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Knowledge of the solubility of phosphate fertilizers is fundamental for phosphorus (P) recommendation management and for choosing the laboratory evaluation method of nutrient availability in the soil according to the history of fertilization. The aim was to evaluate the initial development of corn plants as a function of the application of triple superphosphate (TSP) and natural phosphate of Arraias (NPA) with and without liming and incubation time, as well as to evaluate the available P in the soil with the use the extractors Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3. An experiment was installed in an 8 × 3 × 2 factorial scheme, being 8 fertilizer incubation times (180, 140, 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 0 day(s) before planting), 3 P sources (control—without P, TSP and NPA) and 2 refers to the application of limestone (with and without limestone). Were evaluated the shoot and root dry matter, analysis of P, Ca, Mg, and Zn in shoot and P in roots. In the soil, P levels were determined by Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractors. There was a greater accumulation of P with the application of TSP with limestone in all incubation times. The application of the NPA allowed a greater accumulation of P in the plants without the application of lime. The previous incubation of the NPA did not favor the efficiency of this source, neither in the soil with corrected acidity nor in the soil with its original acidity. Mehlich-3 proved to be adequate to determine the phosphorus content in soil fertilized by NPA.

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Benlamlih, Fatima Zahra, Mohammed S. Lamhamedi, Steeve Pepin, Lahcen Benomar y Younès Messaddeq. "Evaluation of a New Generation of Coated Fertilizers to Reduce the Leaching of Mineral Nutrients and Greenhouse Gas (N2O) Emissions". Agronomy 11, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 2021): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061129.

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The increased use of fertilizers in agriculture and forest and horticulture nurseries contributes to the pollution of water resources and greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study is to evaluate a new generation of fertilizers coated with new biodegradable polymers in terms of physical quality, release kinetics, and their effect on reducing nitrate leaching and N2O emissions and compare them to uncoated fertilizers (Urea, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and KCl) having the same mineral nutrient concentration. In a peat-based substrate, the release of mineral nutrients was similar in both types of fertilizer. Two hours after application, Urea released 34% more urea than Biodrix N, the difference disappearing after one day. The leaching of cumulative ammonium nitrogen after 20 days was reduced by 40% and 26% respectively by Aminaex and Biodrix N compared to Urea. In a peat-based substrate containing 30% (v/v) of compost, the cumulative nitrate leaching was reduced by 54% by Biodrix N and by 41% by Aminaex compared to Urea. The highest average N2O flux was observed on the first day for Urea, whereas for Aminaex and Biodrix N, N2O emissions increased on the third day, reaching a peak of efflux on day 10. A 10-day delay of the N2O efflux emissions and a longer period of emissions were observed in treatments containing Aminaex and Biodrix N compared to Urea. Cumulative N2O efflux was 142, 154, and 171 mg m−2, respectively, for Urea, Aminaex, and Biodrix N over a 20-day period. These new biodegradable polymer-coated nitrogen fertilizers can reduce mineral nutrient leaching in the event of heavy rainfall and lower maximum N2O emissions in comparison with conventional nitrogen sources.

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Kek Hoe, Then, Mohamad Roji Sarmidi, Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee y Zainul Akmar Zakaria. "Oil palm and banana root colonization potential of locally isolated nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria". E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020201006.

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Oil palm and banana are the biggest commodity crop and the second largest fruit crop planted in Malaysia. Both oil palm and banana are highly nutrient-demanding crops that requires a large amount of fertilizer input. This presents an opportunity to find alternative source of nutrient that is much cheaper than the imported inorganic fertilizer. Currently, the most feasible alternative to the inorganic fertilizer is the recycling of the organic-rich oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) to produce EFB compost as well as the incorporation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and phosphate-solubilising bacteria (PSB) to the EFB compost to increase the supply of nitrogen and phosphorous to the plant at different stages of growth. Hence, the objective of this study was to isolate, screen and identify indigenous bacterium, from the root surroundings of oil palm and banana plant, with highest nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing properties. Three NFB and PSB strains (Enterobacter cloaceae KU886016, Burkholderia cepacia KU925862, Serratia marcescens KU925861), were successfully isolated and formulated as biofertilizer for evaluation on oil palm and banana seedlings. Enterobacter cloaceae KU886016 showed higher root colonization ability compared to Burkholderia cepacia KU925862 and Serratia marcescens KU925861, as shown from the FESEM analysis. This finding is important as a direct indication on the suitability of using these bacteria in field application as biofertilizer. Long-term expectation is for this finding to be able to assist in reducing the dependency on imported inorganic fertilizers, reducing operational cost as well as promoting sustainable soil health.

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23

Ackerman, Joe N., Francis Zvomuya, Nazim Cicek y Don Flaten. "Evaluation of manure-derived struvite as a phosphorus source for canola". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, n.º 3 (mayo de 2013): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-207.

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Ackerman, J. N., Zvomuya, F., Cicek, N. and Flaten, D. 2013. Evaluation of manure-derived struvite as a phosphorus source for canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 419–424. There is growing interest in the treatment of swine manure to mitigate water quality issues related to phosphorus (P) from livestock operations. Precipitation of P as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is a potential strategy to achieve this. The overall objective of this growth room study was to evaluate the effect of manure-derived struvite (MDS) on canola growth and P recovery efficiency. Pure struvite (PS), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and polymer-coated monoammonium phosphate (PCMAP) were applied to canola plants in plastic pots containing 2 kg of a sandy loam soil. Biomass yields for MDS and PS were similar at all P rates (mean = 7.6 g pot−1) and significantly smaller than those for MAP and PCMAP (mean = 9.3 g pot−1). Differences in P uptake among P sources were detected at the highest P rate where P uptake was significantly greater for MAP and PCMAP (mean = 22.7 mg P pot−1) than for the struvite forms (mean = 16.4 mg P pot−1). Our results show that although P uptake was similar for the struvites and commercial fertilizers at P2O5 rates of 38 mg pot−1 or lower, biomass yield per unit of P taken up was smaller for the struvites. This may be due to lower initial solubility of the struvites in the alkaline (pH 7.7) soil used in this experiment, which gave an early stage growth advantage to canola fertilized with MAP and PCMAP. These results suggest that it may be necessary to supplement struvite with soluble P fertilizers, such as MAP, if applied on soils such as that tested in this study.

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Ribeiro, Victor Gustavo Soares, Carlos Henrique Eiterer de Souza, Murilo Mendes Machado, Lara Lúcia Gonçalves, Miguel Martins Neto, Edilson Souza Santos y Henrique Teixeira Santos. "Agronomic Efficiency of Phosphorus Fertilizers With Associate Technology in Soy Crop in Cerrado Soil". Journal of Agricultural Science 13, n.º 10 (15 de septiembre de 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n10p61.

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For commercial soybean production, the presence of phosphorus in the soil is essential, not only to increase productivity but also because it affects basic functions in plant metabolism. Phosphate fertilizers have low efficiency in Cerrado soils. For this reason, the use of technologies associated with phosphate fertilizers is important to increase their efficiency in the soil. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Rio Brilhante in Coromandel, MG. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 + 1 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of four phosphate fertilizer sources (MAPCONVENCIONAL, MAPpol 1, MAPpol 2, and FOM), four P2O5 doses (40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1), and the control treatment (no phosphorus application). The soybean cultivar RK8115 IPRO with a plant population of 340 thousand plants per hectare was used. The experimental plots consisted of five planting lines with a spacing of 0.5 meters and a length of 7 meters. In the experiment, phosphorus leaf, morphological evaluation of plant height, stem diameter, number of stems, and pods were measured. For plant biomass, the dry matter of leaves, stems, and pods were determined. For yield evaluation, the calculation of productivity and RAE was compared with MAPCONVENCIONAL. For sources, data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were separated by Tukey’s rate test (p < 0.05). For P2O5 doses, regression model fitting was performed using the ExpDes.pt package of R Studio software. Morphological assessments responded linearly to P doses, except for DPM. Leaves and pods P content and yield were affected by P dosage and P sources, with a quadratic response to P dosage. Maximum yield efficiency was achieved at P2O5 doses of 122.73; 145.07; 112.03; and 94.71 kg ha-1, with yields of 3818.30; 4064.67; 4089.03; and 3952.63 kg ha-1 for MAPCONVENCIONAL, MAPpol 2, MAPpol 1, and FOM, respectively. However, MAPpol 1 and FOM provided a dose reduction of 26 and 15 compared to the maximum yield of MAPCONVENCIONAL, respectively.

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Jemila, C., B. Bakiyathu Saliha y S. Udayakumar. "Evaluating the effect of phosphatic fertilizers on soil and plant P availability and maximising rice crop yield". ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice 54, n.º 3 (2017): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-5266.2017.00042.x.

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LJ, Bordoloi, Singh AK, Manoj-Kumar, Patiram y S. Hazarika. "Evaluation of nitrogen availability indices and their relationship with plant response on acidic soils of India". Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 6 (22 de mayo de 2013): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/675/2012-pse.

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Plant’s nitrogen (N) requirement that is not fulfilled by available N in soil has to be supplied externally through chemical fertilizers. A reliable estimate of soil N-supplying capacity (NSC) is therefore essential for efficient fertilizer use. In this study involving a pot experiment with twenty acidic soils varying widely in properties, we evaluated six chemical indices of soil N-availability viz. organic carbon (Corg), total N (Ntot), acid and alkaline-KMnO4 extractable-N, hot KCl extractable-N (KCl-N) and phosphate-borate buffer extractable-N (PBB-N), based on their strength of correlation with available-N values obtained through aerobic incubation (AI-N) and anaerobic incubation (ANI-N), and also with the dry matter yield (DMY), N percentage and plant (maize) N uptake (PNU). In general, the soils showed large variability in NSC as indicated by variability in PNU which ranged from 598 to 1026 mg/pot. Correlations of the N-availability indices with AI-N and ANI-N decreased in the order: PBB-N (r = 0.784** and 0.901**) > KCl-N (r = 0.773** and 0.743**) > acid KMnO4-N (r = 0.575** and 0.651**) ≥ Corg (r = 0.591** and 0.531**) ≥ alkaline KMnO4-N (r = 0.394** and 0.548**) > Ntot (r = 0.297** and 0.273*). Of all the indices evaluated, PBB-N showed the best correlations with plant parameters as well (r = 0.790** and 0.793** for DMY and PNU, respectively). Based on the highest correlations of PBB-N with biological indices as well as plant responses, we propose PBB-N as an appropriate index of N-availability in the acidic soils of India and other regions with similar soils.

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Debnath, NC y RK Basak. "Evaluation of the fertilizer value of some indigenous rock phosphates and basic slag of India". Fertilizer Research 8, n.º 3 (1986): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01048625.

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Xiukang, Wang y Xing Yingying. "Evaluation of the Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization by Drip Fertigation on Tomato Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Greenhouse". International Journal of Agronomy 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3961903.

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The water shortage in China, particularly in Northwest China, is very serious. There is, therefore, great potential for improving the water use efficiency (WUE) in agriculture, particularly in areas where the need for water is greatest. A two-season (2012 and 2013) study evaluated the effects of irrigation and fertilizer rate on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., cv. “Jinpeng 10”) growth, yield, and WUE. The fertilizer treatment significantly influenced plant height and stem diameter at 23 and 20 days after transplanting in 2012 and 2013, respectively. As individual factors, irrigation and fertilizer significantly affected the leaf expansion rate, but irrigation × fertilizer had no statistically significant effect on the leaf growth rate at 23 days after transplanting in 2012. Dry biomass accumulation was significantly influenced by fertilizer in both years, but there was no significant difference in irrigation treatment in 2012. Our study showed that an increased irrigation level increased the fruit yield of tomatoes and decreased the WUE. The fruit yield and WUE increased with the increased fertilizer rate. WUE was more sensitive to irrigation than to fertilization. An irrigation amount of 151 to 208 mm and a fertilizer amount of 454 to 461 kg·ha−1(nitrogen fertilizer, 213.5–217 kg·ha−1; phosphate fertilizer, 106.7–108 kg·ha−1; and potassium fertilizer, 133.4–135.6 kg·ha−1) were recommended for the drip fertigation of tomatoes in greenhouse.

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Averkina, S. S. "REGIONAL FEATURES AND EVALUATION OF THE METHODS AIMED AT LABILE PHOSPHATES DETERMINATION IN THE SOIL OF NOVOSIBIRSK REGION". Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), n.º 3 (31 de octubre de 2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2019-52-3-7-16.

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The paper summarizes the results of many-year research on applying the existing methods for determining labile phosphates aimed at evaluation of the phosphorus fertilizers effect. The standard methods of phosphorus determination according to Truog and Chirikov suggests extracting a large amount of hard-to-reach forms from the soil. The existing scales for determining the soil needs inside this element for crops do not allow to evaluate objectively the fertility of black soil in the Novosibirsk Region. The application of buffer mixtures, acid and salt extractants for the diagnosis of phosphorus nutrition of plants is discussed. The authors suggest to explore black soil according to the Nikolov method and the LAC- method. They characterize the actual reserves of available phosphorus in the soil. During the growing season, it is necessary to carry out operational diagnostics using Karpinsky–Zamyatina method. The method determines the degree of transition of phosphorus to the soil fluid and the presence of residual phosphates. The amount of energy required to extract phosphorus from soil compounds is suggested to be determined by the Scofield method. Its value depends on the absorption properties of the soil and is regional in nature. For all the methods studied the new scales for the supply of black soil in the Novosibirsk Region were proposed. These scales give opportunity to find out the appropriateness of applying phosphorus fertilizers and give a correct assessment during the study of the diagnosis of phosphorus nutrition of plants.

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Jemila, C., B. Bakiyathu Saliha y S. Udayakumar. "Evaluating the performance of phosphatic fertilizers on plant nutrients (N, P and K) concentration and uptake by the rice crop". Research on Crops 18, n.º 2 (2017): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2348-7542.2017.00034.1.

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Holford, ICR, JM Morgan, J. Bradley y BR Cullis. "Yield responsiveness and response curvature as essential criteria for the evaluation and calibration of soil phosphate tests for wheat". Soil Research 23, n.º 2 (1985): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850167.

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In a study using data from 57 wheat field experiments on the central-western slopes of New South Wales, eight soil phosphate tests (Bray,, Bray,, alkaline fluoride, Mehlich, Truog, lactate, Olsen and Colwell) were evaluated and calibrated in terms of responsiveness (�) and response curvature (C) parameters derived from the Mitscherlich equation. The results showed that, regardless of how well correlated a soil test is with yield responsiveness, it cannot give a satisfactory estimate of fertilizer requirement unless yield response curvature is also taken into account. The tendency of soil test values, especially of the Colwell test, to be negatively related to response curvature, and hence inversely related to fertilizer effectiveness, compounded the problem of directly relating soil test values to fertilizer requirement. The best test (lactate) accounted for only 28% of the variance in fertilizer requirement, compared with 50% of the variance in responsiveness, and the worst test (Colwell) was completely unrelated to fertilizer requirements. When fertilizer requirement was estimated from the lactate test value and the actual response curvature for each experiment, 68% of the variance (from the actual fertilizer requirement) was accounted for. Thirteen experiments were subject to drier conditions than the others, and these were less responsive and had lower fertilizer requirements relative to soil test values. In relation to yield responsiveness, the Colwell test was most sensitive (P < 0.001) to dry conditions, while the two best tests (lactate and Bray,) were the least sensitive (P > 0.05). The results demonstrated the superiority of acidic anionic extractants over alkaline bicarbonate extractants on moderately acid to alkaline wheat-growing soils.

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Alovisi, Alessandra Mayumi Tokura, Alves Alexandre Alovisi, Ademar Pereira Serra, Luciene Kazue Tokura, Livia Maria Chamma Davide, Elaine Reis Pinheiro Lourente, Robervaldo Soares da Silva, Willian Isáo Tokura, Daiana Alovisi de Souza y Gilson Domingos do Mar. "Phosphorus Fractions and Their Transformations in Entisol". Journal of Agricultural Science 11, n.º 1 (15 de diciembre de 2018): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n1p485.

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The availability of phosphorus in the soil is a factor that directly interferes with its absorption by plants. This availability can be influenced by the texture, dose of the phosphate fertilizer and the time of contact with the soil. This study aimed to quantify the organic and inorganic fractions of P accumulated in a sandy soil receiving doses of phosphorus, incubated and grown with rice. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replicates, and four P doses (0, 80, 240, and 410 mg dm-3) and three evaluation times (before sowing, after harvest, and incubated). Soil samples were collected before, after incubation, and after rice harvesting, and then submitted to a chemical fractionation of P. P fractions were influenced by soil collection times. The inorganic fractions prevailed before sowing and after incubation, and the organic fractions prevailed after harvest. Phosphate fertilization favored mineralization of organic P and redistributes the inorganic and organic P fractions, between labile and non-labile compartments. The application of phosphate fertilizer in an Entisol Quartzipsamment contributes to the accumulation of inorganic fractions, especially in the most labile fractions.

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Júnior, José Maria Tupinambá da Silva, Paulo Furtado Mendes Filho, Vânia Felipe Freire Gomes, Ricardo Luiz Lange Ness, Aldênia Mendes Mascena de Almeida y Kaio Gráculo Vieira Garcia. "Evaluation of Growth and Morphological Pattern of Mycorrhization in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] Fertilized With Phosphorus". Journal of Agricultural Science 10, n.º 11 (15 de octubre de 2018): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n11p414.

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Microorganisms perform important functions in the soil and, among these organisms, the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant growth should be highlighted. AMF colonize the roots of most plant species and their beneficial functions in plant development include increased absorption of nutrients from the soil, especially those of low mobility such as phosphorus (P). Evaluating agricultural practices conducted by farmers, such as phosphate fertilization, and observing how they will influence AMF activity in benefiting plant growth should be prioritized. Thus, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse to evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on the growth of cowpea plants colonized by AMF and to know which morphological pattern of colonization prevails in their roots. Five P doses and a control treatment, without fertilization, were added to the soil. Cowpea plants respond to phosphate fertilization up to the dose of 240.50 mg P kg-1 soil, for shoot dry mass and in the dose of 150 mg P kg-1 soil, for plant height. The morphological pattern observed in the roots was the intermediate type, characterized by the presence of intra and intercellular hyphae and vesicles, and there was no influence of phosphate fertilization on morphology. High P contents added to the soil led to a reduction in mycorrhizal colonization in cowpea roots.

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Karamanos, R. E. y D. Puurveen. "Evaluation of a polymer treatment as enhancer of phosphorus fertilizer efficiency in wheat". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, n.º 1 (febrero de 2011): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss10071.

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Karamanos, R. E. and Puurveen, D. 2011. Evaluation of a polymer treatment as enhancer of phosphorus fertilizer efficiency in wheat. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 123–125. The effectiveness of Avail® was assessed in two 3-yr trials that included an unfertilized control and three rates of seed-placed P (6.5, 13 and 19.5 kg P ha−1) applied as monoammonium phosphate (MAP) with or without Avail®, and arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replications. Neither a significant effect of treating MAP with Avail® nor a significant interaction between Avail® treatment and rate of P on the yield of wheat and P uptake was observed.

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Abit, M. Joy M., Katlynn Weathers y D. Brian Arnall. "Evaluating the Impact of Starter Fertilizer on Winter Canola Grown in Oklahoma". International Journal of Agronomy 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7513486.

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Increased canola production costs and acres have driven Oklahoma (OK) farmers to ask more questions about their nutrient management recommendations in their production system. A study was conducted in 2011–2013 at Lahoma and Perkins, OK, to evaluate the effect of applying diammonium phosphate (DAP, 18-20-0:N-P-K) directly with seed on crop stand, grain yield, and grain quality of canola. In addition, the impact of proportion nitrogen (N) applied as a preplant and topdress was also evaluated. Diammonium phosphate was banded with the seed at planting at 0, 17, 34, 51, 67, and 84 kg DAP ha−1. Remaining N was applied as urea (46-0-0) either as split (40% preplant and 60% topdress) application or as topdress only. Stand count reduction of up to 71% was observed with seed-placed DAP. However, loss of stand did not impair grain yield due to canola’s ability to compensate for open areas via branching. Application of DAP of up to 84 kg ha−1 with seed may be possible; however, soil and climatic conditions should be considered when deciding how much DAP will be placed with seed. Moreover, when climatic conditions limit early season growth and favor late spring growth, applying all N at topdress (no preplant) tended to provide greater canola grain yield.

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Manjare, Sampatrao y Rajendra Mohite. "Application Life Cycle Assessment to Diammonium Phosphate Production". Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (octubre de 2011): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.256.

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Abstract Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is an important crop nutrient for plants and its use is increasing day by day with increase in population. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an important tool in the evaluation of the environmental performance of the product/ system throughout the life cycle. In this paper, LCA has been used to evaluate the performance of the Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer production. The system investigated includes DAP production process. The quantification of environmental emissions, material and energy usage are quantified and environmental effects are assessed. The impact categories most affected by the DAP production, are respiratory inorganics and terrestrial acid/nitrification. Interpretations have been made and recommendations are given for operational improvements in DAP production

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Francisco, Eros Artur Bohac, Luís Ignácio Prochnow, Maria Cristina Motta de Toledo, Viviane Carillo Ferrari y Sérgio Luís de Jesus. "Thermal treatment of aluminous phosphates of the crandallite group and its effect on phosphorus solubility". Scientia Agricola 64, n.º 3 (junio de 2007): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000300009.

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Optimization in the use of phosphate rocks is important and the residues of fertilizer production in the form of crandallite may be suitable for agronomic use after calcination. With the objective of evaluating the effect of thermal treatment of the aluminous phosphates of the crandallite group as related to solubility, crystalline structure and morphology, samples from the mine residues of three Brazilian phosphate deposits (Tapira-MG, Catalão-GO, and Juquiá-SP) were collected, air-dried, and screened to 100 mesh. Sub samples were thermally treated at 300, 500, 700, and 900°C for 2 hours. Treated and untreated materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and for the total and soluble P contents. The treatment of samples: (i) raised P solubility in neutral ammonium citrate solution, (ii) caused the disorganization of the crystalline structure of crandallite at 500°C and above, and (iii) altered their morphology (cracking and rounding). The increase in P solubility of samples after calcination indicates that the agronomic utilization of these marginal P sources may be of interest since plant growth may be favored due to higher P availability. New studies to evaluate these materials in order to determine their agronomic effectiveness must be carried out to establish adequate conditions that favor their use by plants.

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Assimiou, Adou Rahim Alimi y Léon E. Parent. "Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis of the P Status in Potato Crops". HortScience 30, n.º 4 (julio de 1995): 863D—863. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.863d.

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In Quebec, potato crops are largely grown on light acid soils altered by podzolization. In the plow layer, abundance of sesquioxides, low pH and low organic matter content produce high P-fixing capacity. Liming to pH not exceeding 5.6, organic matter additions and banding of P fertilizers are practices to improve the P status in the soil–plant system. Plant response to treatments could be diagnosed by yield evaluation and foliar analysis. Agricultural lime, dolomitic limestone and basalt were applied to an acid soil (pH 4.6). Ordinary superphosphate, biosuperphosphate, triple superphosphate, and diammonium phosphate impregnated with humic peat were banded at two rates. Highest tuber yield was 40 t·ha–1. There was no response to liming materials as pH did not exceed 4.9. There was a significant response to P fertilizers. Nutrient balance assessment of the foliage by Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis indicated a critical “d” value of 1.5 and a critical P index of 0.8.

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Bolland, M. D. A. y R. J. Gilkes. "Evaluation of two rock phosphates and a calcined rock phosphate as maintenance fertilizers for crop ? pasture rotations in Western Australia". Fertilizer Research 28, n.º 1 (abril de 1991): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01048851.

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Kouassi, Jacob N’dri, N’guessan Kouame, Koutoua Ayolie, Joël Koffi Yao y Justin Kouadio Yatty. "Influence de la fertilisation sur la capacité de nodulation de deux espèces de legumineuses, Vigna radiata L.Wilczek et Vigna unguiculata L.Walp (Fabaceae)". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, n.º 7 (11 de febrero de 2020): 3079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.9.

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La présente étude a été conduite afin d’accroitre la capacité de nodulation des légumineuses. Pour ce faire, un dispositif de 6 traitements avec 3 répétitions a été mis en place. Il s’agit des traitements T1: sans apport de fertilisants; T2: apport d’azote sous forme d’urée; T3: apport de phosphore sous forme de triple superphosphate; T4: apport d’un mélange azote-phosphate dans les mêmes proportions;T5 : apport d’engrais complexe NPK; T6 : sol amendé avec de l’engrais organique sous forme de compost. L’évaluation de la capacité de nodulation a été faite en considérant deux paramètres après la floraison. Il s’agit du nombre et du poids des nodules. Les résultats de l’analyse statistique ont montré que contrairement au type de fertilisant, l’espèce de légumineuse n’influence pas la nodulation. Ainsi, le nombre et le poids de nodule les plus élevés sont obtenus avec la fertilisation organique. En outre, cette présente étude pourrait être étendue sur d’autres légumineusesMots clés : fertilisant, compost, azote phosphore, bactéries rhizobiaEnglish Title: Influence of fertilization on the nodulation capacity of two legume species, Vigna radiata L.Wilczek and Vigna unguiculata L.Walp (Fabaceae)This study was conducted to increase the nodulation capacity of legumes. To do this, a device of 6 treatments with 3 repetitions has been set up. These are T1 treatments: without fertilizer; T2: nitrogen supply in the form of urea; T3: phosphorus supply as triple superphosphate; T4: supply of a nitrogen-phosphate mixture in the same proportions, T5: complex NPK fertilizer input; T6: Soil amended with organic fertilizer in the form of compost. The evaluation of the nodulation capacity was made by considering two parameters after flowering. This is the number and weight of the nodules. The results of the statistical analysis showed that unlike the type of fertilizer, the leguminous species does not influence nodulation. Thus, the highest number and weight of nodules are obtained with organic fertilization. In addition, this present study could be extended to other legumes.Keywords: Fertilizer, compost, phosphorus rhizobia, bacteria.

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Li, Qingqing, Chuanxin Ma, Jason C. White y Baoshan Xing. "Effects of Phosphorus Ensembled Nanomaterials on Nutrient Uptake and Distribution in Glycine max L. under Simulated Precipitation". Agronomy 11, n.º 6 (27 de mayo de 2021): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061086.

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Nanoscale hydroxyapatite (nHA) was synthesized to investigate its potential as a phosphorus (P) ensembled nanofertilizer, using soybean (Glycine max L.) as a model plant. The conventional analogue phosphate (pi) was used for comparison with the synthesized nHA. Varied precipitation intensities (0%, 30%, 60%, and 100%) were simulated by adding selected volumes of the P fertilizers (nHA or pi) via foliar spray and soil amendment. The total amounts of added P were the same across all the treatments. The importance of a wash-off effect was investigated on foliar-treated seedlings by evaluating different watering heights (20, 120, and 240 cm above the seedlings). Fresh weight, pigment content, macro-, and micronutrient contents were measured in soybean tissues across all the treatments after 4 weeks of greenhouse cultivation. The synthesized nHA showed superior effects on plant nutrient content upon high precipitation intensities. For example, at 100% precipitation intensity, there was 32.6% more P and 33.2% more Ca in shoots, 40.6% more P and 45.4% more Ca in roots, and 37.9% more P and 82.3% more Ca in pods, as compared to those with pi treatment, respectively. No impact on soybean biomass was evident upon the application of nHA or pi. Further investigation into customizing nHA to enhance its affinity with crop leaves and to extend retention time on the leaf surface is warranted given that the present study did not show significant positive impacts of nHA on soybean growth under the effects of precipitation. Taken together, our findings increase understanding of the potential application of nHA as a nano-enabled fertilizer in sustainable agriculture.

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Avelino Cabral, Carlos Eduardo, Luciano Da Silva Cabral, Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva, Kassio Dos Santos Carvalho, Bruna Elusa Kroth y Carla Heloisa Avelino Cabral. "Resposta da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu a fertilizantes nitrogenados associados ao fosfato natural reativo". Comunicata Scientiae 7, n.º 1 (10 de mayo de 2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v7i1.964.

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This study aimed to identify a proportion of urea and ammonium sulfate associated to natural reactive phosphate that coud maximize the production of ‘marandu’ grass in a red clayay oxisol with low phosphorus content. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design , in split plots in the time with seven repetitions. The main plots consisted of six levels of the substitution of urea by ammonium sulfate: 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. The split plots consisted of three growth periods, being the first 30 days after plants emergence and the others spaced 20 days after the previous evaluation. The evaluated variables were: number of tillers, SPAD value, shoot, leaf blade and stem dry mass. The ammonium sulfate can provide higher soil acidity when compared to urea, which contributes to the reactive phosphate solubilization. Ammonium sulfate increment changes the SPAD value of ‘marandu’ grass fertilized with natural reactive phosphate.

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Mello, Simone da Costa, Francis J. Pierce, Rachel Tonhati, Guilherme Silva Almeida, Durval Dourado Neto y Kiran Pavuluri. "Potato Response to Polyhalite as a Potassium Source Fertilizer in Brazil: Yield and Quality". HortScience 53, n.º 3 (marzo de 2018): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12738-17.

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Polyhalite (PH) is a hydrated sulfate evaporite mineral containing potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, nutrients all required in significant quantities by crops, but has limited evaluation as a fertilizer for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Fertilizer source and application rate field trials were conducted to evaluate PH as a fertilizer for potato production in the weathered tropical soils in Brazil. We selected two locations in the potato producing region of Southeast Brazil in 2015–16, one trial was conducted during the wet season at Tapira in São Paulo and the other during the winter season at Casa Branca in Minas Gerais. A common blend, 4–14–8, was made with either muriate of potash (MOP), sulfate of potash (SOP), or PH as the K source; with kieserite and gypsum added to the SOP to make a synthetic PH with similar composition; P either as single super phosphate (SSP) for the MOP blend or mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) for the PH and SOP blends; and N as urea adjusted for the N in MAP. All blends were applied at four application rates of 62, 125, 187, and 249 kg K/ha. A control was also included consisting of N and P as urea and MAP but no K, Ca, Mg, or S. Total and marketable yields as well as potato quality including dry matter, starch, soluble solids, hardness, and crunchiness were measured at harvest using standard techniques. At Tapira, potato yields increased linearly with increasing K application rate from 22.4 t·ha−1 for the control to the highest yield of 29.2 t·ha−1 and were higher for PH and SOP than MOP (28.8, 29.2, and 25.3 t·ha−1, respectively). At Casa Branca, yields increased from 31.5 t·ha−1 for the control to 42.4 kg·ha−1 at the 62 kg K/ha application rate with no further increases at higher rates and no differences among fertilizer blends at any application rate. Polyhalite blend increased dry matter and starch at the higher application rates compared with MOP and SOP at Tapira and increased potato hardness and crunchiness at the optimum 62 kg K/ha application rate at Casa Branca. Yield response was similar for PH and SOP but quality differences between these two fertilizer blends were observed even though they were similar in composition. Differences between PH and MOP may be related either to Cl or lack of Mg in the MOP blend. PH performed well as a fertilizer for potatoes as it produced equal or higher yields and provided benefits to potato quality when compared with MOP or SOP as a K source in a common fertilizer blend.

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Kok, Dirk-Jan Daniel, Saket Pande, Angela Renata Cordeiro Ortigara, Hubert Savenije y Stefan Uhlenbrook. "Socio-Hydrological Approach to the Evaluation of Global Fertilizer Substitution by Sustainable Struvite Precipitants from Wastewater". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 376 (1 de febrero de 2018): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-376-83-2018.

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Abstract. Despite Africa controlling the vast majority of the global phosphate it also faces the greatest food shortages – partially due to a lack of access to the fertilizer market. A more accessible source of phosphorus comes from wastewater flows, which is currently lost through the discharge to open surface waters. Analysing the potential phosphorus production of urban and livestock wastewater in meeting partial agricultural demand for phosphorus can improve food security, reduce consumption of unrenewable phosphorus, reduce pollution, and aid the transitioning to a circular economy. In this study, a global overview is provided where a selection of P-production and P-consumption sites have been determined using global spatial data. Distances, investment costs and associated carbon footprints are then considered in modelling a simple, alternative trade network of struvite phosphorus flows. The network reveals potential for increasing the phosphorus security through phosphorus recycling in particularly the South Africa, Lake Victoria and Nigeria regions. Given Africa's rapid urbanization, phosphorus recovery from wastewater will prove an important step in creating sustainable communities, protecting the environment while improving food security, and so contributing to the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

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Oliveira, Renato Augusto de, Wilian Henrique Diniz Buso, Leandro Lopes Gomes, Pedro Henrique Marques Martins, Renato Souza Rodovalho y Henrique Fonseca Elias de Oliveira. "Application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in irrigated common bean crops". Comunicata Scientiae 10, n.º 1 (17 de abril de 2019): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v10i1.2995.

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The use of adequate management practices and high nitrogen fertilizer rates have contributed to increase the common bean grain yield, however, the application of nitrogen fertilizer at sowing still requires evaluations for irrigated crops in the Brazilian Cerrado biome region. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of application of different rates of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer—dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP)—at sowing and as top-dressing on agronomic performance and leaf area index of irrigated common bean crops grown in the Brazilian Cerrado biome region. A randomized block design in a 4×3 factorial arrangement with four replications was used. The treatments consisted of four nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1) and three application forms (100% at sowing, 100% as top-dressing, and 50% at sowing + 50% as top-dressing). Irrigation was managed with class A tanks and two-day intervals. The nitrogen applied at the different stages of the crop did not affect the production components of the common bean plants. The highest grain yields were found with the nitrogen rates of 180 kg ha-1 in 2015 (1,756.37 kg ha-1), and 123.98 kg ha-1 in 2016 (1,799.63 kg ha-1).

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Silva, Thais Valéria Souza, Luciano Fernandes Sousa, Antônio Clementino dos Santos, Ana Cristina Holanda Ferreira, Rebeca Rocha Cardoso, Jhone Tallison Lira de Sousa, Wanderson Campos Jardim, Anderson Da Silva Ricardo, Josimar Santos de Almeida y Junior Bezerra de Carvalho. "Nutritional quality of massai grass fertilized with phosphorus and nitrogen and its influence on intake and weight gain of sheep under rotational grazing on quartzipsamment soil". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, n.º 3 (13 de junio de 2017): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n3p1417.

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The effects of phosphate and nitrogen fertilization on aspects of forage composition and ruminal fermentation were separately evaluated pre- and post-grazing, in addition to the dry matter intake and weight gain of sheep grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai under a rotational system on Quartzipsamment soil. The aim was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with different levels of phosphorous (50 and 200 kg P2O5/ha) and nitrogen (100 and 400 kg N/ha) compared to unfertilized control soil. The experiment was conducted at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a factorial 2 × 2 design. The study area consisted of 32 paddocks (301 m²), each of which had previously been sown with Panicum maximum cv. Massai. The experimental area was managed under intermittent stocking with a variable stocking rate. Twenty-eight crossbreed sheep were used for grazing management. Evaluations were made before and after grazing, including forage evaluation and measurement of ruminal degradability and intake (using titanium dioxide as the external marker). Regarding the forage composition, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the control and fertilizer treatments for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, crude protein, lignin and phosphorous content. Fertilization was found to alter the nutritional quality of Panicum maximum cv. Massai grass. Among the nutritional aspects evaluated, fertilization influenced NDF, grass digestibility and dry matter intake. The forage composition of Massai grass is improved by fertilization with nitrogen at 100 kg N/ha and phosphate up to 50 kg P2O5/ha, which represents a relevant management practice for increasing quantity and quality.

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NONTJI, MAIMUNA, AMRAN MUIS, NURMI NONCI, NURJANNAH NONCI y FARIZAH DHAIVINA AMRAN. "Evaluating the potential of indigenous Rhizobacteria as biofertilizer and biopesticide against Rhizoctonia solani". Nusantara Bioscience 11, n.º 1 (26 de marzo de 2019): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n110113.

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Abstract. Nontji M, Muis A, Nonci N, Nonci N, Amran FD. 2019. Evaluating the potential of indigenous Rhizobacteria as biofertilizer and biopesticide against Rhizoctonia solani. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 79-83. Rhizobacteria are living in area of plant roots, some of them are potential as biofertilizers and biopesticides agents. This study aims to evaluate the potential of 10 isolates indigenous rhizobacteria as biofertilizer and biopesticide against banded leaf and sheath blight disease on corn. The potential of biofertilizer was evaluated by ability fixing nitrogen in Burk’s N free medium, dissolving phosphate and producing Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) hormone with spectrophotometry method. The potential of biopesticide was evaluated by synergistic of analysis with double culture method. The result of study showed that the best indigenous rhizobacteria was isolated code 10. It has potential as a biofertilizer agent (0.22% for fixing nitrogen, 18.875 ppm for dissolving phosphate and producing IAA hormone 1.524 ppm). It is also having potential as biopesticide agent against Rhizoctonia solani with relative inhibition level (RIL) of 31.3%. Isolate code 10 and code 6 are able to live in synergy so that it can be recommended as biofertilizer and biopesticide agent to form the consortium as a biological fertilizer.

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Oladeji, S. O. "Assessment of nitrate, phosphate and sulphate levels in wastewater from Muhammad Ayuba dam in Kazaure, Jigawa state, Nigeria". Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 6, n.º 1 (25 de marzo de 2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.060109.

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In the continuation of the evaluation of the physicochemical parameters of wastewater of Muhammad Ayuba dam in Kazaure, Nigeria, this investigation was carried out for the assessment of certain nutrients parameters i.e., nitrate, phosphate and sulphate that are primarily responsible for the eutrophication. This investigation was conducted during November, 2019 to January, 2020 (Harmattan season) to measure the content of nitrate, phosphate and sulphate ions in the wastewater collected from Muhammad Ayuba dam. During the study, standard techniques were used to determine the content of nitrate, phosphate and sulphate using spectrophotometer at specific wavelengths in determination of parameter of interests. The results obtained indicated that the concentrations were in the range of 78.50 – 88.40 mg/L for nitrate, 55.70 – 62.40 mg/L for phosphate and 91.40 – 100.20 mg/L for sulphate ions, respectively. The contents of nitrate, phosphate and sulphate in the wastewater exceeded the limit set by FAO/WHO for these anions in wastewater with exception of sulphate ions that was below the limit. Pearson correlation (r = 0.484) of the different anions indicated that their level of contamination might be traced to the same source means runoff from fertilizer application. Therefore, the water of the dam is majorly polluted with domestic wastes and absolutely rich in sulphate ions especially detergents from nearby houses. The study also revealed gradual accumulation of anions in the wastewater of the dam suggested more pronounced pollution in it. Thus, regular monitoring of these ions must be required to evaluate their environmental impacts and possible potential risks.

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Waterlot, Christophe y Marie Hechelski. "Benefits of Ryegrass on Multicontaminated Soils Part 1: Effects of Fertilizers on Bioavailability and Accumulation of Metals". Sustainability 11, n.º 18 (18 de septiembre de 2019): 5093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185093.

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Effects of three phosphorus fertilizers on the shoot biomass and on the accumulation of alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals in the shoots and roots of ryegrass were studied with two contaminated garden soils. Phosphates were added in sustainable quantities in order to reduce the environmental availability of carcinogenic metals (e.g., Cd and Pb) and to enhance the bioavailability of alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as micronutrients needed by plants. Addition of Ca(H2PO4)2 was the most convenient way to (i) limit the concentration of Cd and Pb, (ii) keep constant the transfer of macro- and micronutrient from the soil to the ryegrass shoots, (iii) decrease the availability of metals, and (iv) increase the ratio values between potential Lewis acids and Cd or Pb in order to produce biosourced catalysis. For instance, the real phytoavailability was reduced by 27%–57% and 64.2%–94.8% for Cd and Pb, respectively. Interestingly, the real phytoavailability of Zn was the highest in the least contaminated soils. Even if soils were highly contaminated, no visual toxicity symptoms were recorded in the growing ryegrasses. This indicates that ryegrass is suitable for the revegetation of contaminated gardens. To promote the sustainable ryegrass production on contaminated soils for production of new organic fragrance and drugs in green processes according to REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation, two processes should be recommended: assisted phytostabilization of the elements, and then assisted phytoextraction by using chelators.

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Liu, Min, Xu Liu, Bao-Sen Cheng, Xue-Lei Ma, Xiao-Tong Lyu, Xian-Fang Zhao, Yan-Lun Ju, Zhuo Min, Zhen-Wen Zhang y Yu-Lin Fang. "Selection and evaluation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from grapevine rhizospheres for use as biofertilizers". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, n.º 4 (2 de diciembre de 2016): e1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016144-9714.

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Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have the ability to solubilize insoluble phosphorus (P) and release soluble P. Extensive research has been performed with respect to PSB isolation from the rhizospheres of various plants, but little is known about the prevalence of PSB in the grapevine rhizosphere. In this study, we aimed to isolate and identify PSB from the grapevine rhizosphere in five vineyards of Northwest China, to characterize their plant-growth-promoting (PGP) traits, evaluate the effect of stress on their phosphate-solubilizing activity (PSA), and test their ability to stimulate the growth of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. From the vineyard soils, 66 PSB isolates were screened, and 10 strains with high PSA were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed that these 10 strains belonged to 4 genera and 5 species: Bacillus aryabhattai, B. megaterium, Klebsiella variicola, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The selected PSB strains JY17 (B. aryabhattai) and JY22 (B. aryabhattai) were positive for multiple PGP traits, including nitrogen fixation and production of indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, chitinase, and protease. JY17 and JY22 showed strong PSA under stress conditions of high pH, high salt, and high temperature. Therefore, these two isolates can be used as biofertilizers in saline-alkaline soils. The inoculation with PSB significantly facilitated the growth of V. vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon under greenhouse conditions. Use of these PSB as biofertilizers will increase the available P content in soils, minimize P-fertilizer application, reduce environmental pollution, and promote sustainable agriculture.

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