Artículos de revistas: "Phosphate additives"

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Anukam, Chinedu C. y Benedicta N. Agu. "Health implications of inorganic phosphate additives in food products: a systematic review". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, n.º 5 (24 de abril de 2017): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171496.

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Background: Evidence based data identifies phosphate additives in food products as a public health concern, especially in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is limited public awareness of the risks associated with phosphate additives. This study focuses on a systematic review of findings on health implications of phosphate additives, with the aim of strengthening public health knowledge, insight, understanding and prevention of exposure to phosphate toxicity and chronic diseases.Methods: Studies with primary data on phosphate additives were identified using keyword electronic database search in PubMed and BMC. To meet the review criteria, articles needed to (1) be published in English (2) focus on phosphate additives (3) address the potential health risks associated with phosphate additives (4) identify existing health problems caused by phosphate additives (5) published between 2005 to 2017 to provide a more dynamic review and (6) hold a strong research evidence that confirms the associated risks of phosphate additives.Results: Findings from reviewed literature suggest a link between high phosphate content in food products and chronic renal failure, cardiovascular complications, accelerated aging process, allergic reactions and increased morality rate. The need to regulate the use of phosphates additives in food products and strengthen public health education is essential to minimise high exposure to phosphate additives.Conclusions: Further research, proper food labelling, strict regulation of unhealthy food additives, nutrition education and sensitisation of consumers are required to minimise exposure to phosphate additives and susceptibility to chronic diseases.

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Enax, Joachim, Frederic Meyer, Erik Schulze zur Wiesche y Matthias Epple. "On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive". Nanomaterials 12, n.º 22 (19 de noviembre de 2022): 4075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12224075.

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The human body needs calcium and phosphate as essential nutrients to grow bones and teeth, but they are also necessary for many other biochemical purposes (e.g., the biosynthesis of phospholipids, adenosine triphosphate, ATP, or DNA). The use of solid calcium phosphate in particle form as a food additive is reviewed and discussed in terms of bioavailability and its safety after ingestion. The fact that all calcium phosphates, such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, are soluble in the acidic environment of the stomach, regardless of the particle size or phase, means that they are present as dissolved ions after passing through the stomach. These dissolved ions cannot be distinguished from a mixture of calcium and phosphate ions that were ingested separately, e.g., from cheese or milk together with soft drinks or meat. Milk, including human breast milk, is a natural source of calcium and phosphate in which calcium phosphate is present as nanoscopic clusters (nanoparticles) inside casein (protein) micelles. It is concluded that calcium phosphates are generally safe as food additives, also in baby formula.

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Ioannidis, Themistoklis A. y Anastasios I. Zouboulis. "Hazardous industrial waste stabilization using inorganic phosphates: Investigation of possible mechanisms". Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, n.º 10 (1 de enero de 2005): 1737–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200577101737.

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The present study focuses on the use of phosphate-containing compounds, such as apatites, as stabilization additives for solid industrial wastes. The examined highly toxic waste contained mainly lead, iron, and bromides. Phosphates (synthetic or natural), when used as additives, were found to diminish the release of lead from the stabilized waste below the respective legislative concentration limits, following the application of DIN 38414 standard leaching method and within the range of pH values 7.5-10.5. The respective synthetic compounds of lead, PbO and Pb(OH)Br, existing also in the solid waste, were additionally studied during simulation experiments, in order to examine the possible mechanisms of waste stabilization, by using the same additives (phosphates). The obtained results showed the possibility of another parallel mechanism, different from that proposed in the literature, which is the sorption of aqueous lead ions onto the apatite surface. It was suggested that lead can be also transformed into the less soluble solid phases through the interaction (surface crystallization) of exposed lead surface with the aqueous environment. The formation of new crystals onto the surface of lead phase was sufficiently fast, especially in the case of natural phosphate mineral additive, most probably due to the presence of calcite, which supplies part of its carbonate content for the formation of respective lead carbonate solid phases.

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Rumyantseva, V., V. Konovalova y B. Narmaniya. "Modified phosphate coatings applied to steel by cold method". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 042027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/4/042027.

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Abstract The deposition of phosphate coatings occurs on the surface of the product when it is immersed in a solution containing phosphoric acid. The formation of a film on the metal surface occurs during the deposition of insoluble two- and three-substituted phosphates of iron, manganese, and zinc from a solution. To speed up the process and conduct phosphating at low temperatures, nitrates, nitrites, and fluorides of active metals are introduced into the solution. Organic compounds, such as glucose, glycerin, Trilon A, and Trilon B, are buffer additives to maintain the pH of phosphating solutions in the range of 2.6-3.2. It was found that 10-15 minutes at a process temperature of 20-25 °C are sufficient for the formation of a protective phosphate coating from solutions containing modifiers. The content of zinc phosphates in the modified phosphate coatings is increased. Additives in cold phosphating solutions have a positive effect on the quality and protective properties of the resulting phosphate films. Modified phosphate coatings obtained by the cold method have a fine-crystalline structure, a smooth surface and low porosity.

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Xia, Lu, You Shou Zhang y Jin Huang. "A New Compound Phosphate Heat-Cured Foundry Binder". Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (marzo de 2010): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.979.

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Influences of additives on the physicochemical characteristics and technologies of binder are researched, and a new compound phosphate heat-cured foundry binder coded B8M15 is developed. The binder is made from environmental friendly inorganic materials such as phosphoric acid, aluminum hydroxide, B-ion additive and Mg-ion additive. Laboratory results indicate that combined effect of B-ion additive and Mg-ion additive can improve the storage stability of the binder and its sand mold or core, as well as they can increase the dry strength of its sand mold or core from 0.77MPa to 2.51MPa. This binder has low gas evolution and good collapsibility.

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Cardoso, H. A. I., M. Motisuke, A. C. D. Rodas, O. Z. Higa y Cecília A. C. Zavaglia. "PH Evolution and Cytotoxicity of [Alpha]-Tricalcium Phosphate Cement with Three Different Additives". Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (octubre de 2011): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.403.

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An application of calcium phosphates is as bone cements, among which the system based on alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) exhibits excellent properties. The aim of this study is to analyze pH evolution and cytotoxicity of α-TCP cement with three different additives. Changes on the pH were measured at intervals of 12h during seven days. But initial measurements were executed at each 15 minutes. Indirect cytotoxicity test was performed according to ISO (10993-5, 1992) employing CHO-k1 cells and RPMI 1640 as culture medium. It was used a colorimetric method which uses the tetrazolium compound. The additives used on the liquid phase were disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) and/or citric acid (C6H8O7) and/or tannic acid (C76H52O46). The results indicate that the cement without additives does not have requirements to be applied like bone cement, while the other cements composition exhibit different responses in the pH and the cytotoxicity test. In conclusion, due to the presence of additives it was possible to control pH evolution during setting and cytotoxic response. However, further investigation is necessary in order to determine the influence of these additives, mainly tannic acid, on the in vivo behavior of these bone cements.

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Rajasekharan, V. y P. Manisankar. "Polyaniline based red oxide primer paint for efficient corrosion protection". Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 61, n.º 6 (28 de octubre de 2014): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-07-2013-1283.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to introduce mechanochemically prepared polyaniline anticorrosive additives. In primer coating technology, there is an increasing interest in the development of efficient anticorrosive additives which replace the conventional inorganic anticorrosive pigments like heavy metal chromates and phosphates normally added to primer paints for the coating on metals. Conducting polymers are found to be better alternatives. Design/methodology/approach – Polyaniline phosphate is synthesized through solid-state conditions without using any solvent. The synthesized polyaniline phosphate is added in the primer formulation instead of zinc phosphate. Primers with different quantity of zinc phosphate are also formulated and studied for comparison. The comparison between their abilities to control corrosion of carbon steel were done with application of open-circuit potential monitoring, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution. Findings – Corrosion studies indicate that polyaniline phosphate can improve corrosion protection properties by taking part the passivation processes. The performance of polyaniline phosphate is better than zinc phosphate. Originality/value – I certify that the results are from our original research and this paper is neither considered for publication elsewhere nor published previously.

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Mitrovic, Branislava, Gordana Vitorovic, Mirjana Stojanovic y Dusko Vitorovic. "Radioactivity of phosphate mineral products". Veterinarski glasnik 65, n.º 1-2 (2011): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1102133m.

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The phosphate industry is one of the biggest polluters of the environment with uranium. Different products are derived after processing phosphoric ore, such as mineral and phosphate fertilizers and phosphate mineral supplements (dicalcium-and monocalcium phosphate) for animal feeding. Phosphate mineral additives used in animal food may contain a high activity of uranium. Research in this study should provide an answer to the extent in which phosphate mineral products (phosphate fertilizer and phosphate mineral feed additives) contribute to the contamination of soil, plants and animals.

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Kushchenko, P. O., V. V. Primachenko, I. G. Shulik y L. K. Savina. "Influence of a new dispersant additive amount on the structural and rheological properties of chamotte concrete and samples from it". Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 120 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.120.07.

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The use of dispersing additives in the composition of concrete mixtures helps to reduce water demand, increase flow, increase strength after hardening in air. The effect of a new dispersant additive amount on a polycarbonate base in comparison with the currently used phosphate-containing additive on the structural and rheological properties of chamotte concrete from a mixture of the “SSHBD” grade and samples from it has been investigated. The optimal amount of new dispersant additive on the polycarbonate base has been established and it has been shown that, in its effect on the structural and rheological properties of concrete from a mixture of the “SSHBD” grade and the properties of samples from it, it is similar to the phosphate-containing additive used at present. The change nature of the concrete flowability is practically the same. "Vitality" (i.e. the time period during which the concrete mass is suitable for performing high-quality lining by vibrocasting) of the compared concretes is ~ 4 hours; cold crushing strength of concrete samples with additives after hardening in air for 7 days and heat treatment at a temperature of 110 °C, as well as cold crushing strength of samples after firing at a temperature of 1350 °C are practically the same. The use of new polycarbonate-based dispersant can be recommended for the preparation of chamotte concrete as an alternative phosphate-containing additive.

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10

Gebke, Stefan, Katrin Thümmler, Rodolphe Sonnier, Sören Tech, André Wagenführ y Steffen Fischer. "Flame Retardancy of Wood Fiber Materials Using Phosphorus-Modified Wheat Starch". Molecules 25, n.º 2 (14 de enero de 2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020335.

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Biopolymer-based flame retardants (FR) are a promising approach to ensure adequate protection against fire while minimizing health and environmental risks. Only a few, however, are suitable for industrial purposes because of their poor flame retardancy, complex synthesis pathway, expensive cleaning procedures, and inappropriate application properties. In the present work, wheat starch was modified using a common phosphate/urea reaction system and tested as flame retardant additive for wood fibers. The results indicate that starch derivatives from phosphate/urea systems can reach fire protection efficiencies similar to those of commercial flame retardants currently used in the wood fiber industry. The functionalization leads to the incorporation of fire protective phosphates (up to 38 wt.%) and nitrogen groups (up to 8.3 wt.%). The lowest levels of burning in fire tests were measured with soluble additives at a phosphate content of 3.5 wt.%. Smoldering effects could be significantly reduced compared to unmodified wood fibers. The industrial processing of a starch-based flame retardant on wood insulating materials exhibits the fundamental applicability of flame retardants. These results demonstrate that starch modified from phosphate/urea-systems is a serious alternative to traditional flame retardants.

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He, Xingliang, Huaping Xiao, Hyunho Choi, Agustín Díaz, Brian Mosby, Abraham Clearfield y Hong Liang. "α-Zirconium phosphate nanoplatelets as lubricant additives". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 452 (junio de 2014): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.03.041.

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Lin, Bi Lan, Yu Ye Xu y En Cai Li. "Effect of Phosphating Additives on Corrosion Resistance of Phosphate Coatings on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy". Advanced Materials Research 337 (septiembre de 2011): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.337.112.

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AZ91D magnesium alloys were immersed in different phosphating solutions with zinc nitrate and sodium fluoride additives to enhance the corrosion resistance. The devolution law of the Open Circuit Potential (OCP) of AZ91D alloys during phosphating was measured. The corrosion behaviors of AZ91D alloys in 3.5%NaCl solution were investigated using OCP and Tafel polarization methods, and the effect of phosphating additives was discussed. The results show that the changes of the OCP of AZ91D alloys with phosphating time in different phosphating solutions are different; the anodic and cathodic corrosion processes of AZ91D alloys are conspicuously inhibited with phosphate coatings; zinc nitrate and sodium fluoride are benefit to form phosphate coatings with better corrosion resistance. The corrosion potential of AZ91D alloy phosphated in solutions with both zinc nitrate and sodium fluoride is most positive.

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Mahmoud Mohammed Ahmed, Emad Alkatory, Atef Hemdan Ali y Wafaa Mahmoud Abd-Elhamied. "Improving the quality of superphosphate fertilizer resulting from the use of low-quality phosphate rock". World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 3, n.º 2 (30 de octubre de 2021): 038–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2021.3.2.0069.

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The aim of this paper is to improve the quality of superphosphate fertilizer resulting from the use of low quality phosphate rock by the use of additives as Illite clay, The use of Glauconite rock (green sand) and illite rock (green clay) in the abu tartur phosphate's region – new valley and mixing it with low quality phosphate rock (22%) for the production of fertilizers with higher quality and rich with the essential elements for plants (N, K) which aren't exist in low quality phosphate rock individually, an industrial sample test had been done and a mixed fertilizer had been produced (Elayte rock and low quality phosphate (22% ) as 1:1).

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Thomas, Ananya, Malavika Arun, Khalid Moinuddin y Paul Joseph. "Mechanistic Aspects of Condensed- and Gaseous-Phase Activities of Some Phosphorus-Containing Fire Retardants". Polymers 12, n.º 8 (11 de agosto de 2020): 1801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081801.

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As a part of our ongoing investigations on passively fire protecting polymeric materials, we have been employing both reactive and additive routes involving phosphorus-containing compounds. These included inorganic and organic substances, and in the latter case, the phosphorus-bearing groups differed in terms of the chemical environments (phosphite, phosphate, phosphine, phosphine oxide and phosphonate ester) and oxidation state of the P atom (i.e., III, or V). The overall flammability profiles of wood substrates coated with the phosphorus-containing compounds were obtained through cone calorimetric measurements. The elemental composition, morphology and chemical natures of the char residues, obtained from the cone tests, were analysed through a variety of spectroscopic, chromatographic and spectrometric means. From the complementary information, obtained through these analyses, some probable mechanistic pathways that underpin the condensed- and gaseous-phase activities of the different additives are suggested. It was found that the inorganic solid additive, i.e., (NH4)2HPO4, underwent a two-step degradation, yielding ammonia gas and phosphoric acid. Furthermore, the liquid additives, owing to their volatility as compared to the solid ones, showed a relatively higher presence in the vapour phase than volatile fragments emanating from the latter ones (i.e., from phosphine and the phosphine oxides).

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Lv, Yun Xia, Xiu Chen Zhao, Jing Wei Cheng, Ying Liu y Hong Li. "The Study on the Reducing Friction and Anti-Wear Performance of Zinc Phosphate Nanoparticles as Lubrication Additives". Materials Science Forum 749 (marzo de 2013): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.749.211.

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Oleic acid-modified zinc phosphate nanoparticles with about 15nm particle size were synthesized by chemical deposition method. The tribological properties of the prepared nanoparticles as lubricant oil additives on MSR-10D four-ball tribotest were investigated. Results indicated that the lubricant oils adding oleic acid-modified zinc phosphate nanoparticles exhibited a good friction-reduction and anti-wear property. The zinc phosphate nanoparticle as lubricant oil additive had the optimum concentration. Friction coefficient decreased 14.2% maximally, and the wear-scar width reduced to 36.5% correspondingly, as compared to the base oil without nanoparticles. The results of the worn surface analysis with SEM and AFM showed that the zinc phosphate nanoparticles could deposit on the worn surface and separate the direct contact between the asperities of the worn surface, which was effective in the reduction of the plough and adhesion between asperities.

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Zilov, Yegor N., Zoya I. Kalugina, Anastasia M. Filippova y Artem V. Samoilov. "Control of phosphate content in poultry products". Poultry and Chicken Products 25, n.º 5 (2022): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30975/2073-4999-2022-24-5-66-69.

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The article, samples of poultry meat purchased from the trade enterprises of the Moscow Region were ex- amined for the presence of phosphorus-containing additives in them and for compliance with the safety requirements of the General standard for food additives. Studies were carried out on 5 samples of chicken meat and 5 samples of turkey meat, various parts of the carcass, the phosphorus number was calculated, which ranges from 0.02 to 0.025.

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Fu, Xisheng, Jianchang Li, Lingguo Sun, Xuguang Zhou, Bingji Fan y Tianhui Ren. "Synergistic effect between organic borate esters and phosphorus-based additives on tribological performances as lubricant additives in mineral oil". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, n.º 8 (16 de enero de 2017): 1030–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650116689431.

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Nowadays, looking for environment-friendly lubricant additives to replace phosphorus-based derivatives in automotive lubricating system is one of the main objectives. Organic borate ester is one kind of potential substitutes for phosphorus-based derivatives. In this paper, the interactions of organic borate esters and dioctylphosphite ester on tribological performances were studied. Results showed that they had a synergistic effect on antiwear performance and friction-reducing property as lubricant additives in mineral oil. The chemical nature of worn surface was explored by X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Borate ester could facilitate the decomposition of phosphorus-based additive and the formation of phosphate. What is more, boron-containing species could react with phosphate to form boron–phosphorus-based thin film on the surface. Boron mainly forms B2O3 on the surface. In the near surface of tribofilm, nitrogen-containing borate ester reduced the polyphosphate chain length due to the formation of ammonium cation. The polyphosphate chain length of the tribofilm generated from dioctylphosphite ester mixed with nitrogen-containing alkyl borate ester is shorter compared to that of the tribofilm generated from dioctylphosphite ester mixed with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic borate ester.

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Plokhikh, N. V., Ya Yu Filippov, V. I. Putlyaev, T. V. Safronova y V. K. Ivanov. "Modifying brushite-containing phosphate cements by complexing additives". Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 58, n.º 10 (octubre de 2013): 1152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023613100173.

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Giocondi, Jennifer L., Bassem S. El-Dasher, George H. Nancollas y Christine A. Orme. "Molecular mechanisms of crystallization impacting calcium phosphate cements". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, n.º 1917 (28 de abril de 2010): 1937–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0006.

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The biomineral calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO 4 ·2H 2 O), known as brushite, is a malleable material that both grows and dissolves faster than most other calcium minerals, including other calcium phosphate phases, calcium carbonates and calcium oxalates. Within the body, this ready formation and dissolution can play a role in certain diseases, such as kidney stone and plaque formation. However, these same properties, along with brushite’s excellent biocompatibility, can be used to great benefit in making resorbable biomedical cements. To optimize cements, additives are commonly used to control crystallization kinetics and phase transformation. This paper describes the use of in situ scanning probe microscopy to investigate the role of several solution parameters and additives in brushite atomic step motion. Surprisingly, this work demonstrates that the activation barrier for phosphate (rather than calcium) incorporation limits growth kinetics and that additives such as magnesium, citrate and bisphosphonates each influence step motion in distinctly different ways. Our findings provide details of how, and where, molecules inhibit or accelerate kinetics. These insights have the potential to aid in designing molecules to target specific steps and to guide synergistic combinations of additives.

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Karalkeviciene, Rasa, Eva Raudonyte-Svirbutaviciene, Aleksej Zarkov, Jen-Chang Yang, Anatoli I. Popov y Aivaras Kareiva. "Solvothermal Synthesis of Calcium Hydroxyapatite via Hydrolysis of Alpha-Tricalcium Phosphate in the Presence of Different Organic Additives". Crystals 13, n.º 2 (3 de febrero de 2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020265.

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In this study, the effects of sodium lauryl sulfate and various amino acids (DL-aspartic acid, dodecanedioic acid, and suberic acid) on the formation of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite via hydrolysis of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) were investigated; moreover, a combined effect of these additives and ethylene glycol as a synthesis medium was also estimated. The hydrolysis reaction was performed in solutions containing different concentrations of additives in aqueous and mixed aqueous–organic media under solvothermal conditions. It was demonstrated that the nature and the concentration of organic additives influence the phase purity and morphology of the final product. Higher concentrations of sodium lauryl sulfate and dodecanedioic acid induced the formation of impurities in addition to hydroxyapatite, while aspartic and suberic acid did not affect the phase purity. The morphology of the samples varied from plate- to rod-like depending on the concentrations of specific organic additive.

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Yan, Jincan, Xuefeng Bai, Jing Li, Tianhui Ren y Yidong Zhao. "The tribochemical study of novel phosphorous-nitrogen (P-N) type phosphoramidate additives in water". Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, n.º 3 (8 de abril de 2014): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-12-2011-0111.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological properties of novel phosphorous-nitrogen (P-N) type additives in water. Design/methodology/approach – The tribological properties of the novel P-N additives in water are compared with a commercial lubricant additive of the P-N type using a four-ball machine. The tribological mechanism was investigated by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Findings – The experimental results indicate that the phosphoramidate derivatives possess good anti-wear and friction-reducing properties. The XANES analysis shows that the prepared compounds can form a protective film containing phosphate and/or polyphosphate that affects the tribological behavior. Originality/value – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological properties of the novel P-N type additives in water.

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ABDULLAHI, Xhabir, Gafur XHABIRI, Erhan SULEJMANI y Faton SELIMI. "The effect of some additives on the rheology of dough and quality of bread". Acta agriculturae Slovenica 118, n.º 2 (8 de julio de 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2022.118.2.2601.

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The technology of production of baking products today can not be imagined without the use of food additives. In this research it was aimed to investigate the use of some additives in wheat flour type 500 for bread production. The formulations and additives used in this study are: without additives for M0, emulsifiers (E 472e) for M1, calcium phosphate (E341 ii) for M2, L-ascorbic acid (E300) for M3 and Damil additive complex (antifouling E170 - 0.06 %; emulsifier E472e -0.08 %; antioxidant E300 -0.01 %; fungal a-amylase - 0.01 %) for M4 formulation. The results showed that the use of additives positively affects some rheological qualities such as water absorption capacity, stability and energy of the dough. M4 bread had a higher specific volume than all breads with 5.14 cm 3 g-1, while M1 and M3 breads were similar. From the total points accumulated for the sensory qualities the M4 bread with a total of 88.8 points accumulated had the best qualities with volume, external appearance and very good crust and crumb taste. It is therefore recommended to use the Damil additive complex in bread production.

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Isaicheva, Lyudmila Anatol'evna, Natal'ya Mikhailovna Trepak, Arlen Leonidovich L'vov y Ivan Alekseevich Kazarinov. "Corrosion and Еlectrochemical Behaviour of Magnesium and Magnesium-Lithium Alloys in Phosphoric Acid Media". Electrochemical Energetics 12, n.º 3 (2012): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2012-12-3-124-128.

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The corrosion and electrochemical behavior of magnesium and the MA 21 magnesium-lithium alloys in solutions of moderately acidic phosphates with various additives was studied. The inhibiting effect of nitrate and fluoride ions on the anode dissolution of these objects was revealed. Features of the electrochemical dissolution of magnesium and the magnesium-lithium alloys in nitrate phosphate solutions with fluoride ions caused by their activation-passivation competition have been noted. Distinctive features of the electrochemical behavior of the magnesium-lithium alloys in comparison with pure magnesium in nitrate phosphate fluoride solutions due to their structural and phase specifics have been established.

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Zhou, Yang, Hui Chen, He Gan, Yuxi Chen, Run Li y Hongbo Liu. "Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Multicomponent Conductive-Nanocarbon Additives for LFP Battery". Nano 15, n.º 07 (julio de 2020): 2050093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500939.

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The conductive additives are often used to improve the conductivity of the electrode in lithium iron phosphate battery. In this work, a series of carbon-based conductive slurries of acetylene black, carbon nanotubes and graphene were obtained by the ball milling method and applied to the cathodes of lithium iron phosphate batteries. The conductivity of the ternary conductive slurry reaches 11.98[Formula: see text]S[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] and the result of Zeta potential indicates that the ternary conductive slurry has the best deposit stability. The average discharge capacity of lithium batteries with ternary conductive additive is 111.3[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at the current density of 10C, which is 1.9 times higher than that of acetylene black conductive additive batteries widely used nowadays. The specific capacity of the battery is 129.2[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] after 200 cycles at the current density of 5C, and the capacity retention rate is 99.7%. The ternary conductive materials can form a continuous “point-line-surface” conductive network, increase the contact sites between lithium iron phosphate particles and conductive materials and provide a more efficient transmission path.

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Hałabuza, Justyna, Grzegorz Rzepa, Maciej Manecki y Justyna Białek. "Experimental immobilization of Zn, Pb and Cd by additives to highly contaminated soils". Mineralogia 53, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2022-0006.

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Abstract The immobilization effect of soil amendments on leaching and bioavailability of Pb, Zn and Cd in highly contaminated soils under industrial impact was studied by collecting the soils in the surroundings of Zn-Pb Smelter “Miasteczko Śląskie” in southern Poland as an example. Various amounts of four additives (phosphate fertilizer, limestone powder, bentonite rock and bog iron ore) were tested in laboratory experiments to compare the effectiveness of three dominant mechanisms of immobilization: precipitation of phosphates, pH increase, and sorption. The contents of metals before immobilization were determined by extraction in CaCl2, EDTA and aqua regia. Cadmium and zinc are mainly represented by soluble, bio-available forms extractable in CaCl2, while lead by potentially bioavailable speciations extractable by EDTA. Most effective in the immobilization of these metals were the amendments increasing soil pH: limestone powder and phosphate fertilizer. Bog iron ore and bentonite were less effective because the soil pH was too low for efficient cation adsorption.

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26

Yamamoto, Takuji, Yuichiro Yoshida, Shogo Taguchi, Naoki Fukumuro, Shinji Yae, Kazuhiro Itoh y Kouji Maeda. "Recovery of Phosphorus from Waste Solution of Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus Plating". MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 11010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133311010.

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We attempted to recover phosphorus species from a waste plating solution of electroless nickel-phosphorus plating. With the aim of increasing the recovery yield by oxidizing phosphite to phosphate efficiently, we examined ozonation of a model plating solution by supplying ozonecontaining oxygen gas to the solution employing an aerated mixing vessel. As a result of the measurements of the transient changes in the concentrations of the phosphorus species and dissolved ozone in the solution, we confirmed the effect of the organic additives contained in the plating solution on the ozonation efficiency. Calcium chloride was subsequently added to the ozone-treated solution to precipitate the phosphate as calcium hydrogen phosphate, which was poorly soluble to water. At this moment, the recovery yield of the phosphorus from the model waste plating solution was greater than 86%.

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27

Yamamoto, Takuji, Yuichiro Yoshida, Shogo Taguchi, Naoki Fukumuro, Shinji Yae, Kazuhiro Itoh y Kouji Maeda. "Recovery of Phosphorus from Waste Solution of Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus Plating". MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 11010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133311010.

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We attempted to recover phosphorus species from a waste plating solution of electroless nickel-phosphorus plating. With the aim of increasing the recovery yield by oxidizing phosphite to phosphate efficiently, we examined ozonation of a model plating solution by supplying ozonecontaining oxygen gas to the solution employing an aerated mixing vessel. As a result of the measurements of the transient changes in the concentrations of the phosphorus species and dissolved ozone in the solution, we confirmed the effect of the organic additives contained in the plating solution on the ozonation efficiency. Calcium chloride was subsequently added to the ozone-treated solution to precipitate the phosphate as calcium hydrogen phosphate, which was poorly soluble to water. At this moment, the recovery yield of the phosphorus from the model waste plating solution was greater than 86%.

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28

Fu, Wen, Li Wang y Li Chen. "The Discharge Characteristics of PEO Films in K₂ZrF₆ with NaH₂PO₄ Electrolyte". Advanced Materials Research 577 (octubre de 2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.577.115.

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The discharge characteristics of the potassium fluorozirconate electrolyte during plasma electrolytic oxidation process were investigated. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate was applied as additives. Ceramic films were prepared on magnesium alloy in electrolytes with different content additives under constant voltage. The effect of additives on the pH of the electrolyte and the dissolution of the substrate were investigated. It was found that the additives could influence the pH and dissolved magnesium ions effectively.

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29

Babic-Ivancic, Vesna y Maja Dutour-Sikiric. "Physico-chemical properties of calcium phosphates". Serbian Dental Journal 59, n.º 1 (2012): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1201007b.

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Calcium phosphates have important role in biological and pathological mineralization. While only one of calcium phosphates, carbonate apatite, represents the main mineral component of teeth and bones, octacalcium phosphate, calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate and beta-tricalcium phosphate occur in pathological deposits. From the stand-point of chemists, processes of biological and pathological mineralization could be considered as deposition of inorganic phase within organic matrix, i.e. formation of inorganic-organic composites. Although this approach is very simplified at first glance, it allows clarification of important issues related to biomineralization (e.g. what is the role of individual components of organic matrix in the emerging solid tissue), and design and preparation of new materials for hard tissue regeneration (e.g. process of transformation after implantation). The importance of investigation about calcium phosphates will be presented through the overview of basic physico-chemical reactions related to the formation and transformation of biologically relevant calcium phosphates and their interaction with various organic additives in the laboratory.

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30

Mazzetto, S. E., L. D. M. Oliveira, D. Lomonaco y P. A. Veloso. "Antiwear and antioxidant studies of cardanol phosphate ester additives". Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 29, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2012): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66322012000300009.

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31

Conte, Alfeo A. "The action of organo-phosphate additives in polysiloxane fluids". Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 2, n.º 2 (julio de 1985): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsl.3000020203.

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32

Moy, Paul Y. "Phosphate ester additives as melt flow modifiers in ABS". Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 4, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1998): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.10046.

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33

Al-Jurf, Adel S. y Frances Chapmann-Furr. "Phosphate Balance and Distribution during Total Parenteral Nutrition: Effect of Calcium and Phosphate Additives". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 10, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1986): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148607186010005508.

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34

Balabanovich, A. I. "Thermal decomposition study of intumescent additives: Pentaerythritol phosphate and its blend with melamine phosphate". Thermochimica Acta 435, n.º 2 (septiembre de 2005): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2005.05.019.

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35

Kajitvichyanukul, P., C. R. Chenthamarakshan, K. Rajeshwar y S. R. Qasim. "Adsorption of Thallium(I) Ions on Titania Particle Surfaces in Aqueous Media". Adsorption Science & Technology 21, n.º 3 (abril de 2003): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361703322404377.

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A description is given of the modification of the adsorption of Tl(I) on a titania (Degussa P-25) surface by the presence of organic or inorganic co-additives in aqueous suspensions. The addition of oxalate, formate, acetate and phosphate anions (the latter at low levels below ~0.03 M) increased Tl(I) adsorption while the phosphate anion (at levels > ~0.03 M) inhibited Tl(I) adsorption. A surface complexation model comprising the titania surface sites, the anchor co-additives and bound Tl(I) species was invoked to explain the adsorption enhancement observed. The data presented build upon and complement those acquired earlier showing how metal ion adsorption on a TiO2 surface is strongly influenced by co-additives in the aqueous medium.

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36

Teles, Ana Paula Bettoni, Marcos Rodrigues y Paulo Sergio Pavinato. "Solubility and Efficiency of Rock Phosphate Fertilizers Partially Acidulated with Zeolite and Pillared Clay as Additives". Agronomy 10, n.º 7 (27 de junio de 2020): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070918.

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Soluble phosphates are the most common sources currently used in crop production in tropical soils; however, they present low efficiency and are more expensive than natural rock phosphates. The objective was to develop new phosphate fertilizers with slow solubility through the partial acidification of rock phosphates (RPs), incorporating materials with adsorption characteristics to favor slow dissolution and prevent phosphorus (P) fixation in the soil. Three rock phosphates, Araxá (ARP), Bayovar (BRP) and Morocco (MRP), were evaluated at two acidulation levels (25 and 50% Ac.) and two additives; pillared clays (PILC) and zeolites (Zeo), plus triple superphosphate (TSP) and a control (nil-P). The soil diffusion was evaluated in concentric rings in Petri dishes. Solubility was evaluated in leaching columns and sampled in layers from surface for P forms in the soil profile. The relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) was evaluated in maize. Greater diffusion was provided by TSP, followed by BRP and MRP both with 50% Ac. + Zeo, and MRP with 50% Ac. + PILC. Percolated P was more pronounced under TSP, followed by RPs (BRP and MRP) with 50% Ac. + Zeo. BRP and MRP + 50% Ac. were the most promising sources with RAE above 74% compared to TSP.

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37

Ryzhov, Yuriy y Svetlana Abramova. "MACHINERY OPERATIONAL PROPERTY CONTROL DURING DIAMOND-ABRASIVE FINISHING USING ACTIVE SOTS". Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2020, n.º 9 (22 de septiembre de 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2020-9-13-18.

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There is carried out a number of experiments with the purpose of analyzing SOTS impact upon both finishing productivity, and physical-chemical state and tribological behavior of surfaces machined, and also a possibility for creation according to the results of the investigations carried out a relatively universal micro-emulsion SOTS based on existing in the Ukraine the line of oils, PAV, corrosion inhibitors, alloying additives etc. As SOTS samples there were used both well-known compouds, for example, Camix, Nope Right (USA), and carbamide having in its structure boron, boron-phosphorus-containing additive, water-solvable phosphate, tributyl phosphate (oil-solvable), concentrate SOTS tribol, having in its structure compounds of boron, nitrogen and phosphorous; ethylic ether of fatty acids; methyl ether of colza oil; Sarkozyl-O having in its structure easily-decomposable chlorine compounds. From the results obtained it is possible to draw a conclusion that during finishing in the environment of water-compatible SOTS an important role in the formation of the properties of the surface worked is played by hydrocarbon components and additives which contribute to the formation of the thinnest surface layers modified with carbon and oxygen.

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38

Ryzhov, Yuriy y Svetlana Abramova. "MACHINERY OPERATIONAL PROPERTY CONTROL DURING DIAMOND-ABRASIVE FINISHING USING ACTIVE SOTS". Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2020, n.º 9 (17 de septiembre de 2020): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2020-9-13-17.

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There is carried out a number of experiments with the purpose of analyzing SOTS impact upon both finishing productivity, and physical-chemical state and tribological behavior of surfaces machined, and also a possibility for creation according to the results of the investigations carried out a relatively universal micro-emulsion SOTS based on existing in the Ukraine the line of oils, PAV, corrosion inhibitors, alloying additives etc. As SOTS samples there were used both well-known compouds, for example, Camix, Nope Right (USA), and carbamide having in its structure boron, boron-phosphorus-containing additive, water-solvable phosphate, tributyl phosphate (oil-solvable), concentrate SOTS tribol, having in its structure compounds of boron, nitrogen and phosphorous; ethylic ether of fatty acids; methyl ether of colza oil; Sarkozyl-O having in its structure easily-decomposable chlorine compounds. From the results obtained it is possible to draw a conclusion that during finishing in the environment of water-compatible SOTS an important role in the formation of the properties of the surface worked is played by hydrocarbon components and additives which contribute to the formation of the thinnest surface layers modified with carbon and oxygen.

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39

Yao, X. L., S. Xie, C. H. Chen, Q. S. Wang, J. H. Sun, Y. L. Li y S. X. Lu. "Comparative study of trimethyl phosphite and trimethyl phosphate as electrolyte additives in lithium ion batteries". Journal of Power Sources 144, n.º 1 (junio de 2005): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.11.042.

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40

Wu, Shi Kui y Li Wang. "The Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Process in K₂ZrF₆ with Na₂HPO₄ Electrolyte". Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (diciembre de 2012): 1387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1387.

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The plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) process of the potassium fluorozirconate electrolyte were investigated with disodium hydrogen phosphate used as additives. Ceramic films were prepared on magnesium alloy in electrolytes with different content of disodium hydrogen phosphate under constant voltage. The effect of disodium hydrogen phosphate on the pH of the electrolyte and the dissolution of the substrate were investigated. It was found that disodium hydrogen phosphate could influence the pH and dissolved magnesium ions significantly.

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41

Wolff, D. M. B., E. G. Ramalho y Wilson Acchar. "Phase Transition Behaviour of Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) Doped with MgO and TiO₂ as Additives". Materials Science Forum 530-531 (noviembre de 2006): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.581.

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In this study, the tricalcium phosphate [β-Ca3(PO4)2] behaviour using MgO and TiO2, respectively as additives has been investigated. The introduction of these additives is to control the phase transition of TCP during thermal process. The tricalcium phosphate (β,α) phases change when the temperature of sintering increase and/or during cooling down. To investigate the phase transition we examined tricalcium phosphate powder doped using 5 mol % of MgO or TiO2. The β-TCP and additives powders were mixture with acetone and dried using rota-vapour to eliminate all the solvent at 45°C for 3 h. After this procedure the powders were uniaxially pressed at 50 MPa and sintered in air-atmosphere at 1100°C to 1200°C for 5 h. All the sintered compacts were measurements by relative density, porosity, shrinkage, shrinkage rate, and the polished and fracture surfaces were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To verify the transition phase the differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction studies were carried out. The experimental results of relative density showed 92 % (MgO) and 90 % (TiO2) at 1200°C.

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42

Kalita, Samar J., Himesh A. Bhatt y Abhijeet Dhamne. "MgO-Na2O-P2O5-Based Sintering Additives for Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramics". Journal of the American Ceramic Society 89, n.º 3 (marzo de 2006): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00854.x.

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43

Yang, Taewook, Chulki Kim, Jaeyoung Jho y Il Won Kim. "Regulating fluoride uptake by calcium phosphate minerals with polymeric additives". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 401 (mayo de 2012): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.03.038.

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44

OHNO, Takuya. "THE INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHATE ADDITIVES ON THE MICROPITTING OF GEARS". Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions 2017 (2017): 07–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.2017.07-09.

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45

Johnson, David, Matthew Bachus y John Hils. "Interaction between Lubricants Containing Phosphate Ester Additives and Stainless Steels". Lubricants 1, n.º 2 (17 de mayo de 2013): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants1020048.

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46

Johnson, David y John Hils. "Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters and Metal Thiophosphates as Lubricant Additives". Lubricants 1, n.º 4 (18 de diciembre de 2013): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants1040132.

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47

Howell, B. A. y Y. J. Cho. "Thermal properties of poly(styrene) containing brominated aryl phosphate additives". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 85, n.º 1 (20 de marzo de 2006): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-005-7335-y.

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48

Meng, Yike, Yuan Wang y Chuanyue Wang. "Phosphorus Release and Adsorption Properties of Polyurethane–Biochar Crosslinked Material as a Filter Additive in Bioretention Systems". Polymers 13, n.º 2 (17 de enero de 2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020283.

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Bioretention systems are frequently employed in stormwater treatment to reduce phosphorus pollution and prevent eutrophication. To enhance their efficiency, filter additives are required but the currently used traditional materials cannot meet the primary requirements of excellent hydraulic properties as well as outstanding release and adsorption capacities at the same time. In this research, a polyurethane-biochar crosslinked material was produced by mixing the hardwood biochar (HB) with polyurethane to improve the performance of traditional filter additives. Through basic parameter tests, the saturated water content of polyurethane-biochar crosslinked material (PCB) was doubled and the permeability coefficient of PCB increased by two orders of magnitude. Due to the polyurethane, the leaching speed of phosphorus slowed down in the batching experiments and fewer metal cations leached. Moreover, PCB could adsorb 93–206 mg/kg PO43− at a typical PO43− concentration in stormwater runoff, 1.32–1.58 times more than HB, during isothermal adsorption experiments. In the simulating column experiments, weaker hydropower reduced the PO43− leaching quantities of PCB and had a stable removal rate of 93.84% in phosphate treatment. This study demonstrates the potential use of PCB as a filter additive in a bioretention system to achieve hydraulic goals and improve phosphate adsorption capacities.

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49

Hinesley, L. E. y Sylvia M. Blankenship. "Attributes of Water Additives Affect Postharvest Needle Retention of Fraser Fir". HortScience 26, n.º 5 (mayo de 1991): 569–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.569.

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Cut branches of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] were subjected to solutions with different molarity, pH, and solutes. Citrate-phosphate and Na-phosphate buffers induced heavy needle loss at concentrations as low as 10 mm, whereas needle loss was negligible for MES buffer, sucrose solutions, and distilled water. Needle drop increased in response to higher solute concentration and/or greater duration of exposure. Needle loss was almost 100% at pH 3.0 and 9.0, but minimal at pH 6.0 and 7.0. Chemical name used: 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES).

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50

Maky, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Mohamed A. A. Abd-ElRasoul y Mohammed Salah. "Evaluation of some food additives and heavy metals in Egyptian meat products". January-June 6, n.º 1 (2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2020.61-68.

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Background and Aim: Contamination of processed meat by chemicals, either by their addition for enhancing the product quality or as a result of contamination during the manufacturing process, is a crucial food safety issue that threatens human health. This research was conducted to estimate the contamination levels by harmful chemical contaminants, including nitrite, lead, cadmium, and phosphate in the Egyptian processed meats. Materials and Methods: In our study, 20 samples of each frozen sausage, pastirma, and luncheon were collected and prepared for the detection of chemical contaminants, including nitrite, lead, cadmium, phosphorus, and phosphate. Results: Pastirma showed the highest nitrite and lead levels (163.65±22.633 and 0.805±0.173 ppm) and the lowest levels in phosphorus and phosphate (2.294±0.19 and 9.084±0.755 g/kg) whereas sausage recorded the highest concentration of cadmium (0.073±0.008 ppm), phosphorus and phosphate (13.268±1.129 and 52.54±4.472 g/kg, respectively). However, the estimation of nitrite, lead, cadmium, and phosphate levels in sausage, pastirma, and luncheon was considered within the acceptable daily intake. Moreover, target hazard quotient and hazard index of all analyzed chemical contaminants in different processed meat were below one, indicating the safety of these meat products without any danger to human health. The probability of developing cancer was measured using carcinogenic risk (CR) where pastirma and luncheon recorded satisfactory levels away from developing cancer because of lead (4.59E-04 and 1.87E-04, respectively) and cadmium (7.60E-04 and 3.80E-04, respectively) contamination. Surprisingly, the cadmium level in sausage samples represented a relevant CR for consumers (1.90E-03). Conclusion: Periodical surveillance of meat chemical contaminants is a vital issue for human health maintenance.

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