Tesis: "Pheromones"

1

Lundström, Johan N. "Human Pheromones : Psychological and Neurological Modulation of a Putative Human Pheromone". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Psychology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5880.

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The notion that humans have specialized chemicals used for communication between conspecifics, so-called pheromones, has attracted much attention and discussion. This thesis demonstrates in four separate studies that a human endogenous steroidal compound that is abundant in male sweat, androstadienone, affects women in several ways that differ to that of common odors. Specifically, androstadienone was found in Study I to have unique psychophysical characteristics in that the sensitivity distribution of the odor is bimodal with a smaller subpopulation consisting of highly sensitive individuals. Trigeminal mediation of this bimodality was experimentally excluded. Moreover, Study II demonstrated that women’s cortical activation of androstadienone exposure was found to differ to that of common odorants in that androstadienone was processed faster than two perceptually similar control odors. It was further demonstrated that a non-detectable amount of androstadienone can reliably modulate both mood and physiology in women (Study III & IV); in particular mood referring to attention processes. Study IV showed that androstadienone-induced mood changes in heterosexual women were only evident when the experiment was administered by an experimenter of different sex. The combined results from these studies suggest that androstadienone serves as a human modulator pheromone that guides our behavior by inducing subtle changes in higher cognitive processes in relation to the ecological context at hand. A new definition of human pheromones is proposed and discussed in relation to the obtained results.

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2

Tuck, Kellie Louise. "The asymmetric synthesis of (+)-grandisol : a thesis submitted towards the degree of Doctor of Philosophy". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht8891.pdf.

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Copy of author's previously published article inserted. Bibliography: leaves 192-197. The pheromone (+)-grandisol was synthesized. Optical activity was induced in the primary alcohol by a kinetic resolution reaction which involved the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation reaction.

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3

Wimalaratne, Priyantha Dharshana Chandanakumara. "Identification and synthesis of moth pheromones". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ37771.pdf.

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4

Henry, Elizabeth Judith. "The synthesis of insect sex pheromones". Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481279.

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5

Parker, Jane Elizabeth. "Identification and synthesis of hymenopteran pheromones". Thesis, Keele University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483603.

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GC-MS analysis of Camponotus floridanus revealed that queens and workers differ significantly in their cuticular hyrdrocarbons (CHC's) and surface compounds of their eggs. The CHC profiles comprised a complex mixture of straight and branched alkanes. Bioassays showed that the hydrocarbons on queens and queen eggs carry a signal that prevents workers from laying eggs and protects queen eggs from worker policing. GC-MS analysis also showed that the CHC's of C.jloridanus queens and workers and C. tortuganus workers differ between colonies. Synthesis of queen specific compounds was carried out in order to prepare a synthetic queen blend for use in bioassays. A synthetic route towards central-l ,5-dimethylalkanes was developed employing 3-methyl thiophene as a building block being sequentially acylated and reduced. A synthetic route towards 3-methyl carboxylic acids was also developed utilising the Homer-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. The thiophene methodology was also used to prepare mono-methylalkanes and 3,X-dimethylalkanes. The metapleural glands of Acromyrmex echinator and its associated parasite Ainsinuator were analysed by GC-MS to compare the profiles of the two species. The 24 compounds identified included a range of carboxylic acids, lactones and ketoacids. The gland contents of the two species were found to be very similar. This was surprising as it was expected that the parasite would produce a lower number and amount of compounds due to the energy costs associated with their production. Attempts to further develop a synthetic route towards alkyl pyrazines was undertaken. Nitroalcohols were prepared from nitroalkanes and aldehdydes using alumina as a surface catalyst. Oxidation to nitroketones used pyridinium chlorochromate on silica and ultrasound. Attempts at the synthesis of tri and tetra substitued pyrazines were partially successful but not conclusive.

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6

Amarawardana, Lakmali. "The chemical diversity of midge pheromones". Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2009. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/5656/.

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The hypothesis that midge sex pheromones could be chemically more diverse in structure than previously thought was tested in the context of four midge species of importance to UK horticulture: pear leaf midge, Dasineura pyri; pear midge, Contarinia pyrivora; blackcurrant midge, D. tetensi; and blackberry midge, D. plicatrix. The major component of the pheromone of D. pyri was identified as (2R, 13R, 8Z)-2, 13-diacetoxy-8-heptadecene. Four isomers were separated by HPLC and in field tests the first eluting isomer only was attractive to male midges. Analysis of volatile collections from female C. pyrivora showed two consistent responses from male midges and they were identified as 2,7-diacetoxyundecane and 7-acetoxyundecane-2-one. The field testing with isomers of 2,7-diacetoxyundecane separated by HPLC revealed that the first and the third eluting isomers were attractive. The racemic 7-acetoxyundecane-2-one was active as well as the first eluting isomer from HPLC. Two EAG active components were detected in D. tetensi female volatile collections. The major component was identified as (Z)-2,12-diacetoxy-8-heptadecene and after separation of stereoisomers by HPLC the third eluting isomer has shown to be attractive to male D. tetensi in the field. The structure for the minor component was proposed as a keto-acetate homologue of the corresponding major component. Preliminary work carried out on identification of the female sex pheromone of D. plicatrix indicated two responses from conspecific males. These were shown to be 15-carbon acetates with the acetate function at C-2, probably with two and one double bonds respectively.

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7

Schwartz, Brett David. "Synthesis and biosynthesis of insect derived spiroacetal pheromones /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19145.pdf.

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8

Berry, Fiona Catherine. "The behavioural function of pheromones in crayfish". Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5756.

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Pacifastacus leniusculus and Procambarus clarkii are highly invasive freshwater crayfish and are having detrimental impacts on native species and habitats throughout Europe. The application of pheromone baits have been proposed as a way of increasing trap efficiency for population control, however the chemical identity of crayfish pheromones is unknown. An incomplete understanding of chemical communication has delayed progress in the development of appropriate bioassays. This thesis therefore focused on researching the natural context of chemical signalling by crayfish, including signal delivery and receiver response. Urine release by male and female crayfish was found to coincide with aggressive behaviours rather than reproductive behaviours. Female urine release was essential for initiating mating, with males detecting female receptivity by spying on hormones and metabolites released with threat signals. Physiological indicators of reception included a brief cardiac and ventilatory arrest followed by an increase in rate. Both behavioural and physiological responses formed the basis of a novel assay design. During courtship male crayfish do not appear to advertise by urine signals. This raised the question of whether chemical signals were important for female assessment of the quality of size-matched males. When given a free choice, females could not distinguish dominant and subordinate males through chemical signals alone. This suggests that females either use other criteria (e.g. size) for mate choice or perform cryptic postcopulatory mate choice. Blocking natural urine release of crayfish, which had previously fought to establish dominance, and artificially introducing urinary signals proved an effective bioassay for investigating the mechanisms of dominance hierarchy formation. Urine from the dominant male was the key factor in establishing dominance relationships. In the absence of dominant urine, subordinate males were less likely to retreat from aggressive bouts and fights were more intense. The mechanisms of signal delivery during agonistic encounters were investigated by measuring ventilatory activity. Increased ventilation rate was associated with highly aggressive behaviours and urinary signalling. This indicated crayfish create gill currents to disperse signals and increase transfer efficiency from sender to receiver. This thesis sheds light into the mechanism of chemical communication in crayfish and provides the basis for future bioassay guided purification of crayfish pheromones.

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9

Langhoff, Pia. "Speciation genes in native New Zealand leafroller moths". Thesis, e-Thesis University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5718.

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10

Boden, Christopher David John. "Towards a viable grain beetle lure : practical syntheses of Cucujolides and behavioural studies with Oryzaephilus surinamensis". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359086.

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11

Swasdipan, Nicharat. "Molecular-genetics of olfaction and its roles in social insect behaviour /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16457.pdf.

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12

Wharam, Barnaby Charles Roy. "The function of pheromones in Caenorhabditis elegans biology". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715807.

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13

Carter, Charles Ross. "The novel synthesis of aldehyde insect sex pheromones". Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341179.

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14

Peram, Pardha Saradhi [Verfasser]. "The Chemistry of Frog Pheromones / Pardha Saradhi Peram". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156510236/34.

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15

Quartey, George Kwartelai. "Behavioural responses of Ephestia cautella to synthetic pheromones". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385860.

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16

Larsen, Caroline y n/a. "Pheromones, prolactin and maternal behavior : (male pheromones initiate prolactin-induced neurogenesis, decrease anxiety and advance maternal behavior in virgin female mice)". University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071019.134553.

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Maternal behavior in rodents is dependent, at least in part, on prolactin acting in the brain. Pheromones carried by male mouse major urinary proteins lower serum prolactin levels in female mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that virgin female C57BL/6J mice housed in split cages, where they had pheromonal but not physical contact with a male, would show suppressed maternal behavior. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found split-cage housed females were significantly faster to retrieve 3 foster pups on the first and second day of maternal behavior testing compared to mice housed in individual cages. The advancement in maternal behavior was replicated when virgin females were simply exposed to male mouse urine-soaked bedding. Ovariectomising the mice, to remove the influence of steroid hormones, prior to placement in the split cages, prevented the pheromonal advancement of maternal behavior. The data infer that an ovarian steroid-dependent action of male mouse pheromones primes virgin female mice to express maternal behavior more rapidly when mouse pups are introduced. This effect required greater than 14 days exposure to male pheromones. Male mouse pheromones are reported to suppress prolactin secretion. However, serum prolactin levels in split-caged housed females, where they had pheromonal but not physical contact with a male, were only briefly lowered and became significantly elevated from 24 hours until 72 hours of pheromonal contact. Despite the early increases in prolactin after pheromone exposure, levels were significantly lower in the pheromone-exposed females when maternal behavior was tested after 21 days. It has been previously reported that prolactin is important in the onset of maternal behavior, but is not required for the ongoing maintenance of maternal behavior. We hypothesised that the hyperprolactinemia observed in the first 24-72 hours of pheromonai exposure had subsequently led to the enhanced maternal behavior. To test this we injected a group of individually-housed mice with slow release prolactin for 48 hours to simulate the period of hyperprolactinemia, and blocked prolactin secretion in a group of split-caged housed females with bromocriptine, and tested their maternal behavior 18 days later. The mice injected with prolactin had enhanced maternal behavior, compared to controls injected with a placebo. By contrast, bromocriptine inhibition of prolactin secretion completely prevented the pheromonal enhancement of maternal behavior. This suggests that the pheromonal advancement of maternal behavior is specifically mediated by a 48-hour period of sustained hyperprolactinemia. It has been previously shown that pregnancy increases neurogenesis in the subventricular zone in a prolactin-dependent manner. Therefore, as the male pheromone-induced advancement of maternal behavior is prolactin-dependent and takes some time to occur, we hypothesized that long-term pheromonal contact initiates mitogenesis in the subventricular zone. Split-caged housed mice showed a significant increase in BrdU-labeled cells in the subventricular zone after 7 days of contact which reduced to baseline levels by 14 days of contact. The mice injected with BrdU on day 7 of contact and killed 21 days later showed a significant increase in labeled cells in the accessory olfactory bulb compared to controls. The data suggest that male mouse pheromones initiate mitogenesis in the subventricular zone of virgin C57B6 mice, in an exposure-dependent manner, and that these cells travel via the rostral migratory stream to the accessory olfactory bulb. As with the effect on maternal behavior, the pheromone-induced increase in neurogenesis was steroid- and prolactin-dependent. During pregnancy and lactation in rodents, prolactin receptor expression is increased in the MPOA, an adaptive change, which could lead to an increased neuronal response to serum prolactin levels, which are high just prior to parturition, and consequently could underlie the enhanced maternal responses seen in late pregnancy and after parturition. It is known that systemic prolactin can access the brain, but it is also possible that there could be local synthesis of brain prolactin acting in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Therefore we hypothesized that the pheromonal-induced changes in maternal behavior are being mediated by altered prolactin receptor expression/sensitivity and/or increased production of brain prolactin. Using RT-PCR to measure levels of prolactin receptor and prolactin mRNA, we found changed expression of the 3 short forms and the long form of prolactin receptor mRNA in the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and MPOA with either exposure to male pheromones or pups. We also found changes in prolactin mRNA in the MPOA and paraventricular nucleus after exposure to pups or male pheromones. The data suggest that altered levels of expression of the receptor, coupled with local production of brain prolactin acting in an autocrine or paracrine manner, may cause a net change in prolactin cell signaling, which leads to adaptive responses which ensure reproductive success. There is extensive evidence that dopamine is a key neurotransmitter mediating maternal behavior. In addition, there is some evidence that serotonin may also be involved in regulating maternal behavior. Therefore, we hypothesised that the pheromonal-induced changes in maternal behavior would be associated with increased dopaminergic and/or serotonergic neuronal activity in the MPOA and other areas of the brain implicated in maternal behavior expression. Using HPLC to measure levels of dopamine and serotonin and their respective metabolites, we found a significant increase in serotonergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the MPOA of virgin female C57BL/6J mice after 24 hours of pheromonal contact. The neuronal activity returned to basal levels after exposure to pups. The data suggest that male mouse pheromones increase serotonergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the MPOA, but that dopamine and serotonin levels are tightly regulated within strict parameters dependent on what physical stimuli the female is receiving. Changes in prolactin levels are associated with altered responses to anxiety. There is an increased risk of anxiety and depression with sustained periods of hyperprolactinemia, and in the postpartum period, where there are fluctuations in prolactin levels, there is an increased risk of mood disorders. As pheromones change both serum and brain prolactin levels and prolactin modulates anxiety, we hypothesised that female mice exposed to pheromones would show altered behavioral responses to a standardized test of anxiety. We found that male pheromone-exposed mice showed decreased levels of anxiety on an elevated plus maze compared to individually housed controls. Female mice exposed to female pheromones displayed 2 disparate responses to the plus maze. One female from each cage showed increased anxiety, while her cage-mate showed decreased anxiety, yet both groups of female mice showed impaired maternal behavior. We infer, that in this model, male pheromones decrease anxiety, but anxiety and expression of maternal behavior are not directly correlated. The major signal transduction pathway activated by prolactin binding to its receptors in the brain is the JAK/STAT signalling pathway, and in some neurons, in particular, the STAT5B pathway. The expression of prolactin and its receptor affect maternal behavior in mice. Therefore, we hypothesised that if the JAK/STAT STAT5B pathway is involved in maternal behavior, then STAT5B-deficient mice would have altered maternal behavior. We found that there were no significant differences in expression of full maternal behavior between the STAT5B-deficient mice and wild-type controls. The data suggest that STAT5B is not required for normal expression of maternal behavior. We propose that the prolactin-mediated pheromonal increase in neurogenesis, alteration in monoamine synthesis, and alteration of prolactin and prolactin receptor mRNA levels facilitate expression of enhanced maternal behavior. We further propose that the pheromonal decrease in anxiety does not mediate enhanced maternal behavior. In addition, we propose that prolactin does not mediate maternal behavior through STAT5B. While pheromones have previously been reported to exert powerful actions on the reproductive system, these results demonstrate for the first time that male pheromones potentially complement the prolactin-mediated establishment of maternal behavior.

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17

McDowell, Philip W. "Peptide pheromones and virulence gene regulation in Staphylococcus aureus". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310953.

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18

Olaniran, Oladele Abiodun. "The roles of pheromones of adult Western flower thrips". Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/628/.

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Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an invasive worldwide pest of many agricultural, horticultural and ornamental crops. They are difficult to control because of their small size and high resistance to chemical insecticides. The aggregation pheromone of this species is currently used for monitoring, but the full potential for use of this and other pheromones has not yet been explored. Two male-specific headspace volatiles have been previously identified: neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate which acts as an aggregation pheromone and (R)-lavandulyl acetate, for which the role is unclear. The roles of these compounds were studied to understand how they can be used in pest management. Laboratory bioassays showed that the aggregation pheromone, apart from being an attractant, also increased the activity level of adult F. occidentalis. This could be utilized to activate the thrips out of their concealed spaces within the crop and enhance pickup of chemical insecticides. (R)-lavandulyl acetate reduced the walking and take-off activity of adult females but increased the activity level of adult males. The possible role of this compound as a mating pheromone is discussed. The chemical analysis of male-exposed filter paper discs showed the presence of another compound, 7-methyltricosane, which was shown to act as a contact pheromone for species recognition. Adult females respond by raising their abdomen showing mating rejection towards adult males while abdominal wagging sideways was observed in adult males, a behaviour used in aggressive male-male interactions. This is the first identification of a contact pheromone in the order Thysanoptera.

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19

Costa, Tina Keller. "Chemical identification of dominance pheromones in Mozambique tilapia males". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12266.

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Fishes use pheromones (intraspecific chemical messages) to coordinate reproduction, migration and social interactions but their identity is rarely known. In the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), a social, lek-breeding cichlid, reproduction and male aggression are mediated through urinary cues released by dominant males. The main goal of this thesis was the chemical identification of such pheromones and establishment of their function(s). Two steroid glucuronates (5β-pregnane-3α,17,20β-triol 3-glucuronate and its 20α-epimer) were identified as the most potent odorants in male urine. Both steroids act, via a specific olfactory receptor mechanism, on the females’ endocrine axis, stimulating oocyte maturation. However, in contrast to dominant male urine, these steroids on their own do not reduce male aggression in receivers, suggesting that multiple, as yet unidentified, compounds are likely responsible for this effect. In conclusion, dominant tilapia males release pregnanetriol glucuronates via their urine as a sex pheromone, likely to synchronize spawning and enhance reproductive success; Resumo: Indentificação química das feromonas de dominância dos machos da tilápia moçambicana Os peixes usam feromonas (mensagens químicas intra-específicas) para coordenar a reprodução, migrações e interações sociais, cuja identidade é pouco conhecida. Na tilápia moçambicana (Oreochromis mossambicus), um ciclídeo social que se reproduz em agregações, a reprodução e agressão entre machos são mediados por odores libertados pela urina de machos dominantes. O objetivo principal desta tese é determinar a identidade e função destes. Os esteróides 5β-pregnane- 3α,17,20β-triol 3-glucurónido e o seu epímero 20α foram identificados como os compostos mais potentes presentes na urina de machos. Ambos atuam no eixo endócrino reprodutor das fêmeas através de um recetor olfativo específico e estimulam a maturação dos ovócitos. Ao contrário da urina dos machos, estes esteróides por si só não reduzem a agressão dos machos recetores, sugerindo a presença de múltiplos compostos, ainda por identificar, responsáveis por este efeito. Conclui-se que os machos dominantes da tilápia libertam uma feromona sexual através da urina que sincroniza a reprodução e melhora o seu sucesso reprodutor.

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20

Dipple, Aiden C. "Collaboration in Web N.0: Stigmergy and virtual pheromones". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82147/8/Aiden_Dipple_Thesis.pdf.

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The aim of this project was to develop a general theory of stigmergy and a software design pattern to build collaborative websites. Stigmergy is a biological term used when describing some insect swarm-behaviour where 'food gathering' and 'nest building' activities demonstrate the emergence of self-organised societies achieved without an apparent management structure. The results of the project are an abstract model of stigmergy and a software design pattern for building Web 2.0 components exploiting this self-organizing phenomenon. A proof-of-concept implementation was also created demonstrating potential commercial viability for future website projects.

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21

Kelkar, S. V. "Synthetic studies in pheromones, seco- pyrethroids and related compounds". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1989. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3310.

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22

Boufana, B. S. "The tergal pheromone gland and antennal sensilla of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304626.

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23

Rivers, David M. "Characterization of attenuation in the pheromone response pathway in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae /". view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3102185.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-100). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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24

Masemene, Monyadiwa Martha. "Analysis of the mandibular pheromone of living honeybee queens using non-destructive sampling techniques". Pretoria : [s. n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08122009-164729/.

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25

Beard, Richard William. "Analytical and synthetic studies of recognition pheromones in social insects". Thesis, Keele University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401061.

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26

Tokoro, Masahiko. "Studies on Trail Pheromones Isolated from the Japanese Rhinotermitid Termites". Kyoto University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/168791.

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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第5137号
農博第720号
新制||農||625(附属図書館)
学位論文||H4||N2451(農学部図書室)
UT51-92-J184
京都大学大学院農学研究科林産工学専攻
(主査)教授髙橋旨象, 教授髙橋正三, 教授島田幹夫
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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27

So, Wai Kar. "Sex pheromone in caenorhabditis : defining its identity and its perception pathway /". View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202006%20SO.

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28

Chan, Chung Man. "Sex pheromone in caenorhabditis : its production and perception /". View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIOL%202007%20CHANC.

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29

Kelly, Lisa S. "Chemical communication during mate recognition in the harpacticoid copepod tigriopus japonicus". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25219.

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30

McDonald, Susan. "Pheromonal modification of growth and maturation in mice (Mus musculus) : the role of Robertsonian translocations". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245453.

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31

Islam, Md Nurul. "Chemical communication in the stored-product pest Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259674.

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32

Broach, Jason Scott Phelps Ronald Paul. "Effects of steroid and prostaglandin injections on hybridization success between female channel catfish and male blue catfish". Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1843.

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33

Hammoud, Abdelhay. "Syntheses de pheromones et de molecules isosteres de pheromones d'insectes pour preciser les mecanismes moleculaires de la reconnaissance des signaux chimiques au niveau des recepteurs antennaires". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066679.

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34

Larsson, Michael. "Natural products from nonracemie building blocks : synthesis of pine sawfly pheromones". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kemi, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128.

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This thesis describes a number of synthetic approaches for obtaining chiral, enantiomerically pure natural products, in particular some semiochemicals. This has been accomplished by using various strategies; by starting from compounds from the chiral pool, by using chiral auxiliaries, via enzymatic resolutions or by chemical asymmetric synthesis. Hence, the sexual pheromone of Microdiprion pallipes, a propanoate ester of one or several isomers of 3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ol, was synthesised, both as a mixture of all isomers and as the sixteen pure, individual stereoisomers. These compounds were obtained by joining different enantiopure building blocks stemming from the chiral pool. When compared with some synthetic blends, both the propanoate esters of the stereoisomeric erythro-3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ols originally found in the extract from the female of M. pallipes, surprisingly, showed lower activities in biological studies. Indeed, the propanoates of two threo-isomers gave significantly higher responses in biological tests, than did the propanoates of the two natural erythro-ones. Because the synthetic strategy used earlier was not very efficient for the preparation of the threo-isomers of 3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ol, we were encouraged to look for alternative synthetic approaches. The new synthetic strategy chosen led us to two key synthetic building blocks, an O-protected derivative of (2S,3S)-3-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)butan-2-ol butanol and (3R,7R)-1-iodo-3,7-dimethylnonane. Deprotonation of the former followed by alkylation with the latter should give a compound with the desired carbon skeleton. For efficient preparation of the first building block, we developed a new diastereoselective addition reaction of dialkylzincs to some chiral aldehydes, the products of which were diastereomerically enriched 1,2-dialkyl-alkanols. Using this method, each enantiomer of the desired building block was obtained via efficient diastereoselective addition of dimethylzinc to each enantiomer of a 2-methylaldehyde. The resulting product, a diastereomerically and enantiomerically highly enriched 3-methyl-2-alkanol was further purified by enzyme catalysed acylation followed by some functional group interconversions. The second building block was prepared via convergent multistep synthesis, starting from a single, enantiomerically pure compound, (R)-2-methylsuccinic acid 4-t-butyl ester, derived from the chiral pool. The two enantiomerically pure building blocks, so obtained, were coupled together. Some additional functional group manipulations of the product produced furnished the desired isomer, which had shown the highest activity in field tests of the M. pallipes, namely the propanoate ester of (2S,3R,7R,11R)-3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ol. This thesis describes a number of synthetic approaches for obtaining chiral, enantiomerically pure natural products, in particular some semiochemicals. This has been accomplished by using various strategies; by starting from compounds from the chiral pool, by using chiral auxiliaries, via enzymatic resolutions or by chemical asymmetric synthesis. Hence, the sexual pheromone of Microdiprion pallipes, a propanoate ester of one or several isomers of 3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ol, was synthesised, both as a mixture of all isomers and as the sixteen pure, individual stereoisomers. These compounds were obtained by joining different enantiopure building blocks stemming from the chiral pool. When compared with some synthetic blends, both the propanoate esters of the stereoisomeric erythro-3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ols originally found in the extract from the female of M. pallipes, surprisingly, showed lower activities in biological studies. Indeed, the propanoates of two threo-isomers gave significantly higher responses in biological tests, than did the propanoates of the two natural erythro-ones. Because the synthetic strategy used earlier was not very efficient for the preparation of the threo-isomers of 3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ol, we were encouraged to look for alternative synthetic approaches. The new synthetic strategy chosen led us to two key synthetic building blocks, an O-protected derivative of (2S,3S)-3-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)butan-2-ol butanol and (3R,7R)-1-iodo-3,7-dimethylnonane. Deprotonation of the former followed by alkylation with the latter should give a compound with the desired carbon skeleton. For efficient preparation of the first building block, we developed a new diastereoselective addition reaction of dialkylzincs to some chiral aldehydes, the products of which were diastereomerically enriched 1,2-dialkyl-alkanols. Using this method, each enantiomer of the desired building block was obtained via efficient diastereoselective addition of dimethylzinc to each enantiomer of a 2-methylaldehyde. The resulting product, a diastereomerically and enantiomerically highly enriched 3-methyl-2-alkanol was further purified by enzyme catalysed acylation followed by some functional group interconversions. The second building block was prepared via convergent multistep synthesis, starting from a single, enantiomerically pure compound, (R)-2-methylsuccinic acid 4-t-butyl ester, derived from the chiral pool. The two enantiomerically pure building blocks, so obtained, were coupled together. Some additional functional group manipulations of the product produced furnished the desired isomer, which had shown the highest activity in field tests of the M. pallipes, namely the propanoate ester of (2S,3R,7R,11R)-3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ol. This thesis describes a number of synthetic approaches for obtaining chiral, enantiomerically pure natural products, in particular some semiochemicals. This has been accomplished by using various strategies; by starting from compounds from the chiral pool, by using chiral auxiliaries, via enzymatic resolutions or by chemical asymmetric synthesis. Hence, the sexual pheromone of Microdiprion pallipes, a propanoate ester of one or several isomers of 3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ol, was synthesised, both as a mixture of all isomers and as the sixteen pure, individual stereoisomers. These compounds were obtained by joining different enantiopure building blocks stemming from the chiral pool. When compared with some synthetic blends, both the propanoate esters of the stereoisomeric erythro-3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ols originally found in the extract from the female of M. pallipes, surprisingly, showed lower activities in biological studies. Indeed, the propanoates of two threo-isomers gave significantly higher responses in biological tests, than did the propanoates of the two natural erythro-ones. Because the synthetic strategy used earlier was not very efficient for the preparation of the threo-isomers of 3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ol, we were encouraged to look for alternative synthetic approaches. The new synthetic strategy chosen led us to two key synthetic building blocks, an O-protected derivative of (2S,3S)-3-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)butan-2-ol butanol and (3R,7R)-1-iodo-3,7-dimethylnonane. Deprotonation of the former followed by alkylation with the latter should give a compound with the desired carbon skeleton. For efficient preparation of the first building block, we developed a new diastereoselective addition reaction of dialkylzincs to some chiral aldehydes, the products of which were diastereomerically enriched 1,2-dialkyl-alkanols. Using this method, each enantiomer of the desired building block was obtained via efficient diastereoselective addition of dimethylzinc to each enantiomer of a 2-methylaldehyde. The resulting product, a diastereomerically and enantiomerically highly enriched 3-methyl-2-alkanol was further purified by enzyme catalysed acylation followed by some functional group interconversions. The second building block was prepared via convergent multistep synthesis, starting from a single, enantiomerically pure compound, (R)-2-methylsuccinic acid 4-t-butyl ester, derived from the chiral pool. The two enantiomerically pure building blocks, so obtained, were coupled together. Some additional functional group manipulations of the product produced furnished the desired isomer, which had shown the highest activity in field tests of the M. pallipes, namely the propanoate ester of (2S,3R,7R,11R)-3,7,11-trimethyltridecan-2-ol.
QC 20101026

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35

Larsson, Michael. "Natural products from nonracemic building blocks : synthesis of pine sawfly pheromones /". Stockholm : Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128.

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36

Rorai, Ann Theresa. "Growth and sex pheromones in the shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.)". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289181.

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37

Protti, Tracy Anna. "Effects of Pheromones and Sexual Orientation on Sexual Attraction in Females". Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10003750.

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This study examined the effect of sweat exposure on sexual attraction in heterosexual and homosexual women. Strictly heterosexual and homosexual female participants were exposed to underarm pads containing sweat. Samples were collected during the Stimulus Preparation Phase from healthy, strictly heterosexual men and women. Women’s samples were collected on Day-14 and Day-27 of cycle, and men’s from any two days.

In the Stimulus Exposure Phase, the male sweat and Day-14 female sweat samples were the experimental conditions, and the no male sweat and Day-27 female sweat were the controls. During the exposure phase, sweat samples were hidden and participants completed two computer tasks. First, the key-press task had participants view or skip male and female photographs. Second, the rating-task had participants rate attractiveness of the male and female photographs. The ratings and viewing times were collected then analyzed.

Heterosexual women showed a strong preference for male photos over female photos only when exposed to male sweat. They also preferred female photos less than homosexual women when exposed to male sweat or Day-14 female sweat. Homosexual women showed a strong preference for female photos over male photos when exposed to male or female Day-14 sweat.

Homosexual women also preferred female photos more than heterosexual women when exposed to male sweat or Day-14 female sweat.

The findings of this study suggest that exposure to male sweat may enhance heterosexual women’s preference for men and exposure to female sweat from the ovulatory period of the menstrual cycle may inhibit the preference for women of heterosexual women. However, exposure to male sweat and female sweat from the ovulatory period may enhance the preference for women in homosexual women.

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38

Dewhirst, Sarah Yvonne. "Aspects of aphid chemical ecology : sex pheromones and induced plant defences". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11485.

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39

Chow, Sharon. "Studies towards the total syntheses of natural metabolites isolated from insects and a marine alga /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18056.pdf.

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40

Milner, Michael James. "Isolation and characterisation of genes encoding HMG domain proteins from Coprinus cinereus and an analysis of their role in mating". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365718.

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41

MaCuarrie, D. J. "Condensation reactions of tricarbonyliron complexes". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381140.

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42

Chapman, Jason Wayne. "Investigations into the behaviour of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: muscidae), towards chemical and visual stimuli, in relation to control in intensive animal rearing units". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243172.

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43

Borges, M. "Chemical communication in the green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae)". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378024.

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44

Johnson, Nicholas S. "In-stream behavioral responses of female sea lampreys to pheromone components". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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45

ARIF, Mokhtar. "Chemical ecology of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): intraspecific and interspecific chemical cues". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/395181.

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The chemical ecology of Heteroptera insects is determined by a wide array of chemical signals (semiochemicals) that drive their behavior at intra- and inter-specific level. Intraspecific semiochemicals are called pheromones, interspecific chemicals are named allelochemicals. In the case of stink bugs, sex-pheromones and aggregation pheromone are produced by adult males. Furthermore, phytophagous stink bugs exploit chemical cues emitted from plants to find a suitable food and oviposition source. The semiochemicals involved in this process are named kairomones and are generally formed by specific blend or key odorants emitted from host plant. The chemical ecology of the phytophagous Pentatomid species Bagrada hilaris, or Painted bug, native from Asia and invasive in the Americas is characterized by similarities and differences with the other stink bugs. In particular at intraspecific level is been observed that males volatiles attract females, and chemicals analyses showed that both adults produced a similar pattern of chemicals, with the only quantitative difference related to (E)-2-octenyl acetate, produced in higher amounts from males. However, the possible attractant role of this compound at intraspecific level is still to be assessed. Moreover at interspecific level, although B. hilaris is reported to be highly attracted to brassicas, few studies have attempted to elucidate the chemicals cues exploited in its host location process. In the specific, the chemicals cues exploited from this pest in the location of host plant at seedling stage, the stage more vulnerable and subjected to the attack from B. hilaris have still never been investigated.

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46

Allison, Jeremy. "Kairomonal responses by four Monochamus species (Coleoptera, cerambycidae) to bark beetle pheromones*". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61525.pdf.

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47

Nair, Deepa R. "Effects of pheromones on neuroendocrine regulation of reproductive behavior in male rats /". Connect to online version, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1989/3568.

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48

Ventocilla, Elio. "Swarm-based Area Exploration and Coverage based on Pheromones and Bird Flocks". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Informationssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-212190.

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Swarm Intelligence (SI) is a young field of study from which solutions to complex problems have been proposed based on how some natural organisms (e.g. ants, bees and others) achieve many of their daily tasks through simple sets of interactions. This thesis proposes two models for area exploration and coverage based on SI principles. These two models present a novel approach based on the combination of: ants’ pheromones, in order to keep track of visited places; and bird flocks or fish schooling, so as to move and collaborate. An implementation of both models was done in order to simulate and evaluate both the emergent behavior of the agents as well as their area exploration and coverage performance. Based on the outcome of the simulations it is concluded that both models are able to perform the exploration and coverage task and that one model is better than the other.

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49

Olesnicky, Natalie Sonia. "Pheromones and receptors of the B mating type locus of Coprinus cinereus". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301396.

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50

Nyman, Susan. "Biological testing of cyclopropene analogues of insect pheromones and green leaf volatiles". Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265513.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Pheromones"

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