Literatura académica sobre el tema "Phénotype comportemental"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Phénotype comportemental"
LAGARRIGUE, S. y M. TIXIER-BOICHARD. "Nouvelles approches de phénotypage pour la sélection animale". INRAE Productions Animales 24, n.º 4 (8 de septiembre de 2011): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.4.3271.
Texto completoPHOCAS, F., J. AGABRIEL, M. DUPONT-NIVET, J. GEURDEN, F. MÉDALE, S. MIGNON-GRASTEAU, H. GILBERT y J. Y. DOURMAD. "Le phénotypage de l’efficacité alimentaire et de ses composantes, une nécessité pour accroître l’efficience des productions animales". INRAE Productions Animales 27, n.º 3 (28 de agosto de 2014): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.3.3070.
Texto completoLe Bouc, Raphaël y Mathias Pessiglione. "La motivation dans tous ses K". médecine/sciences 34, n.º 3 (marzo de 2018): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20183403012.
Texto completoBeggiato, A. "Explorer l’hétérogénéité des phénotypes neuroanatomiques des apparentés d’enfants autistes". European Psychiatry 28, S2 (noviembre de 2013): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.162.
Texto completoBougeard, Alan, Rose Guay Hottin1, Valérie Houde, Thierry Jean, Thibault Piront, Stéphane Potvin, Paquito Bernard, Valérie Tourjman, Luigi De Benedictis y Pierre Orban. "Le phénotypage digital pour une pratique clinique en santé mentale mieux informée". Santé mentale au Québec 46, n.º 1 (21 de septiembre de 2021): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1081513ar.
Texto completoPhilip, N., S. Sigaudy y B. Chabrol. "Les phénotypes comportementaux". Archives de Pédiatrie 4, n.º 10 (octubre de 1997): 1043–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(97)86114-3.
Texto completoSellinger, Marisa H. y Robert M. Hodapp. "Effets indirects des syndromes génétiques : les réactions parentales aux phénotypes comportementaux". Enfance 57, n.º 3 (2005): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/enf.573.0218.
Texto completoPetit, A. C., G. Quesseveur, F. Gressier, C. Verstuyft, B. P. Guiard y E. Corruble. "Association entre polymorphismes du gène du récepteur 2A à la sérotonine et trouble dépressif majeur unipolaire, une étude translationnelle". European Psychiatry 28, S2 (noviembre de 2013): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.077.
Texto completoExcoffier, E., A. Verloes, P. Eydoux, D. Lacombe, M. Bouvard y M. C. Mouren-Siméoni. "Phénotypes psycho-comportementaux de l'enfant et de l'adolescent dans les syndromes microdélétionnels". Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique 161, n.º 1 (febrero de 2003): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4487(02)00005-7.
Texto completoEllouzi, Hasna, Souhir Amraoui y Mohsen Hanana. "Improving germination and growth performances of millet grown under saline conditions through seed priming". JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 5, n.º 5 (27 de noviembre de 2023): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56027/joasd.302023.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Phénotype comportemental"
Boué, Florence. "Influence du contexte génétique sur le phénotype comportemental et cognitif de souris transgéniques PS1wt humaine ou PS1M146L humaine". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30199.
Texto completoCastex, Matthieu. "Sélénoprotéine T et Développement cérébral : Caractérisation du phénotype neuroanatomique et comportemental de la souris Nes-Cre/SelTfl/fl". Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES011.
Texto completoThe development of central nervous system (CNS) results from a combination of cellular processes occurring during embryogenesis and postnatal life. To generate the diverse cell populations of CNS, neural cells and their progeny undergo several processes including proliferation, migration, differentiation as well as programmed cell death, all these being under the control of numerous factors. The precise regulation of these mechanisms is essential for the establishment of cellular networks, and genetically- or environmentally-induced alterations of these pathways may have consequences on CNS organization and functions. Free radicals are second messengers involved in the regulation of many cellular processes; however, these molecules may turn out to be deleterious if their levels are poorly regulated. Thus, reactive species are maintained at physiological concentrations thanks to the activity of antioxidant systems, that include selenoproteins, which are proteins characterized by a strong reducing ability conferred by the presence of selenocysteine, the 21st amino acid, in their sequence. To date, the functions of many of these selenoproteins remain poorly characterized, and especially the most recently identified. One particular case is Selenoprotein T (SelT), a highly conserved enzyme in mammals which is strongly expressed during embryogenesis, especially in the developing brain, but whose role remains to be elucidated. In the first part of this work, we employed a mouse line model to show that the conditional invalidation of SelT in neural cells causes neurodevelopmental abnormalities that occur during the first postnatal week. The invalidated mice exhibit a transient reduction in brain volume, which appears during the first postnatal week, culminates at the seventh day but disappears at adulthood. This phenotype is associated with a reduction in cell density and is caused by increased programmed cell death in the organ. Analyses of the cell populations using NeuN, GFAP and Ng2 cell markers, showed that this apoptotic cell loss exclusively affects neuronal cells, evoking a lack of effect of SelT on glial populations. Our results also showed that caspase-3 positive cells were detected in the germinal neuroepithelia, transition layers and neuron differentiation layers, indicating that these cells die as a result of SelT absence during different phases of their maturation. This alteration of neuronal viability is associated with elevated endogenous free radical levels; an argument in favor of the antioxidant and neurotrophic role of SelT in neurons. At the end of the first postnatal week, while neurogenesis declines in wild-type animals, we observed a prolonged mitotic activity of neuronal progenitors in SelT deficient mice. This neurogenesis could constitute a physiological compensatory response mechanism to reduce the cell deficit previously observed. Surprisingly, viability and endogenous free radicals levels in astrocytes were unchanged in the absence of SelT, suggesting that the protein may exert a different function in these cells or that other factors act to compensate for its absence. At the stage when neuronal loss is significant, we observed a transient increase in glial cell density, whose vanishing coincides with the cell redensification measured at the tenth day. This finding suggests that the brain volume compensation is caused by glial transdifferentiation into neurons, along with prolonged neurogenesis. These compensatory mechanisms could be responsible for the apparent recovery of brain volume and cell density in the adult SelT-deficient mice. In the second part of our work, we demonstrated that despite the absence of a gross neuroanatomical phenotype in adulthood, invalidated mice exhibit behavioral deficits. Indeed, measurements of locomotor activity during one-hour sessions in an open-field showed that invalidated animals are hyperactive. This phenotype was confirmed by behavioral analyses performed during 48 h in actimetry cages, which showed that mutant animals display hyperactivity during both diurnal and nocturnal periods. Moreover, we also found that these mice exhibit an exacerbated trait anxiety, or neophobia. This behavioral characteristic, which tends to decrease if the animal is repeatedly submitted to the same task, remains high in our model although the animals successfully learns to execute the required exercise. Indeed, we showed that these animals perform well during spatial learning and memory task in Morris water-maze; however, SelT deficient mice are less efficient than their wild-type littermates, a deficit that could be attributed either to the increased neophobia or a potential dysfunction in spatial navigation strategy abilities. Finally, as SelT is weakly expressed in adult life, these functional deficits could be provoked by an altered establishment of neuronal networks during the first postnatal weeks. This hypothesis is supported by an impaired GABAergic neurotransmission in these mice. Moreover, it appears that the cerebral phenotype impacts the general physiology of the animal, as evidenced by the high plasma corticosterone levels found in the invalidated mice in basal conditions or following a stress. In sum, our results indicate that SelT is essential to the proper development of CNS and contribute to the various processes ensuring the establishment of neuronal populations. In addition, it may be considered that this selenoprotein exerts neurotrophic function through regulation of free radicals levels. Pursuing the functional study of molecular partners and the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the effects of SelT will eventually allow to better understand the involvement of free radicals and SelT in healthy and pathological neurodevelopment and ultimately to propose new strategies to protect the brain in pathological situations related to disregulations of these pathways
Qiu, Jingyu. "Personality, life history and metabolism in the Bush Karoo rat (Otomys unisulcatus)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ076.
Texto completoIn the animal kingdom, behavior varies between individuals but remains consistent within them, a phenomenon known as "animal personality." Some individuals are consistently more active and explorative, raising key questions : Why do these differences exist, and how do they affect fitness? Personality has a genetic basis but is shaped by early-life experiences. Individuals in resource-rich environments may develop a proactive personality—being more active and explorative—which, despite its energy demands, offers advantages in resource acquisition and competition. Personality is linked to energy expenditure, as proactive individuals tend to have a higher resting metabolic rate (RMR). However, RMR varies across individuals and species, and personality may be a contributing factor. My thesis explores how personality, life history, and physiology interact in the bush Karoo rat (Otomys unisulcatus). I hypothesized that late-born individuals, facing higher population density and fewer resources, develop more proactive traits and exhibit higher RMR and a stronger metabolic response to stress, reflecting the energetic costs of their personality
Ochoa, Frias Melissa. "Etude des altérations périphériques et centrales induites par des régimes hyper-sucrés (glucose, fructose)". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSARB252.
Texto completoThe present studies explored behavioral, metabolic, and neurological alterations induced by prolonged exposure to high-fat diets differing in their source of carbohydrates: starch (S), glucose (G) or fructose (F) and fed at the same level of intake in adult Yucatan minipigs. The first study examined three-feed choice preferences, the eating microstructure of a single meal, and the feed motivation in a progressive ratio schedule for one of three diets containing S, G or F, before and after 8 weeks of dietary exposure. We described an initial preference and motivation for G in all animals and demonstrated that prolonged exposure to the fructose-containing diet induced a strong preference and motivation for F, whereas prolonged intake of starch- or glucose-containing diets did not induce or increase, the preference and motivation for these diets, respectively. In the second study we aimed at determining whether sugar-containing diets, especially F, could induce alterations on the metabolic phenotype (i. E. Plasma concentrations of insulin, metabolites and inflammation markers). We found substantial increases in body weight (BW), body adiposity, liver adiposity, liver volume, plasma insulin, triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acids after 8 weeks of dietary exposure regardless of the carbohydrate type. These data demonstrated that the metabolic changes observed following prolonged consumption of high-fat diets differing in their source of carbohydrate are not due to the carbohydrate type per se, but to the total excessive energy intake and increased body weight and adiposity. In our first study about the effects of chronic consumption of three carbohydrate-containing diets on eating behavior, we demonstrated the development of a strong fructose preference and motivation induced by prolonged consumption of fructose diet. We attributed this specific fructose-induced fructose preference to the sweeter taste of fructose compared to glucose and starch, to a fructose habituation leading to an increase of fructose palatability, as well as to effects on brain reward-related regions. In order to explore a possible association between modifications on eating behavior by sugars and and effects on brain reward-related regions we explored basal brain activity using positron emission tomography (PET) with 18- fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) following 7 months of dietary exposure. All animals had the same weight gain evolution throughout the experiment regardless of the carbohydrate ingested indicating that the observed differences in brain activity measured by PET-18FDG are not related to differences in body weight. F and G diets induced substantial changes in basal metabolic activity of several brain-reward related regions when compared to the starch-fed group, which might suggest that these sugars
Wu, Qiang. "Population stress under anthropogenic perturbations in Zootoca vivipara : a perspective from parasites and behavior". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30105.
Texto completoGlobal change and anthropogenic disturbances are intensely affecting the earth ecosystem. Despite large-scale studies focusing on biodiversity, how anthropogenic disturbances could influence various aspects of population ecology and evolution has also drawn tremendous attention. This thesis explores the stress of global change imposed on the animal population, by using the model system of the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) and its ectoparasites (one mite in the genus Ophionyssus and one tick Ixodes ricinus). The first study addresses the hypothesis in competition induced by co-infections. Environmental mediation is suggested to explain the co-occurrence between these two species of parasites. The second study uses a spatial and a long-term data to examine climate warming effects on parasite infection, host fitness, and how distinct host phenotypes differ in their responses to these stresses (intraspecific differences). Alternative strategies to cope with parasite infection and climate warming are validated, and a phenotype-dependent trade-off between defense against parasitism and survival is detected. This study also confirms a phenotype-by-environment interaction, indicating even within the same population, certain phenotype could be more vulnerable than others under the anthropogenic perturbation. The third study focuses on changes of behavior and behavioral syndromes under effects of parasitism and host states. Repeatable traits with sex bias are identified, so along with a boldness-escape behavioral syndrome. Individual state (gravidity) seems to affect the stability of the behavioral syndrome. However, the causal effects of parasitism still remain vague and need to be further testified with control experiments
Martinez, Julien. "Expression et évolution du phénotype étendu dans une association parasitoïde-virus". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00751985.
Texto completoLescroël, Amélie. "Stratégies d'exploitation des ressources marines par des prédateurs plongeurs : Approche comparée entre colonies et implications évolutives". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/LESCROEL_Amelie_2005.pdf.
Texto completoAn individual’s foraging strategy is a key trait of his life-history. We studied the variations of foraging behaviour, morphology and reproductive traits in coastal seabird populations facing the spatial variation of their food resources at a microgeographical scale. Using the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) and the Kerguelen shag (Phalacrocorax verrucosus) as study models, we showed that the prey distribution, abundance and type could lead to the emergence of specific foraging strategies. In both species, the variation of foraging strategies is closely linked to large body size and body mass variations. Our results suggest that trophic factors may lead to selection pressures strong enough to drive the morphological differentiation of populations at a very small spatial scale (20 to 55 km)
Béliveau, Lapointe Mariline. "Caractérisation d'un modèle murin déplété en la protéine FANCI : phénotypes méiotiques et comportementaux, et résistance aux aldéhydes". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27874.
Texto completoFanconi anemia (FA) is a rare recessive disease associated with a defect in the pathway of DNA double strand breaks repair (FA pathway). These double stranded breaks are caused by crosslinking agents by creating a covalent bond between the two opposite strands and blocking polymerases during DNA replication or transcription. My project’s principal interest is a major protein it this pathway : the FANCI protein. It is described as acting together with FANCD2 protein to recruit DNA repair machinery. We hypothesised that FANCI has an important role in development, in meiosis and that it is implicated in cells’ aldehydes resistance. After the creation of a mouse model depleted in FANCI, with did anxiety and memory behavior tests to deeply characterize our mouse model. Also, results of gonad histologic cuts confirmed mouse sterility. More specifically, we did a meiotic spread and immunofluorescence to see FANCI on meiotic chromosomes. We also treated embryonic fibroblasts with mitomycin C, an exogenous crosslinking agent, and then wanted to check with an endogenous source, like aldehydes, on FANCI depleted human cells. We also observed 53BP1 and γ-H2AX foci formation to check for double strand break accumulation. Behavior tests do not show any significative tendancy. We observe a colocalization between FANCI and the resection marker RPA. Moreover, FANCI depletion gives an aldehyde resistance to cells. 53BP1 and γ-H2AX foci show a population of cells with a very high level of foci and others that have the same amount of foci as the control cells.
Bourgeois, Alexandre. "Implication du fragment C99 dans l’avènement des phénotypes pathologiques de la maladie d’Alzheimer". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR6003.
Texto completoAlzheimer’s disease (AD), the most frequent form of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disease associated with memory loss but also psychological symptoms such as depression and apathy. AD is histologically characterized by both the extracellular aggregation of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide in senile plaques, and the increased phosphorylation of the Tau protein leading to intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and neurodegeneration. In the amyloid hypothesis, the Abeta accumulation is responsible for the emergence of AD phenotypes. This peptide originates from the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), first cleaved by the beta-secretase producing the carboxy-terminal fragment C99, which then is processed by the gamma-secretase leading to Abeta accumulation. Thanks to different approaches, I’m showing in this work that the C99 fragment is able to induce AD phenotypes independently of Abeta toxicity.1- Generated by Dr Laferla’s team, the 3xTgAD mice (APPswe, TauP301L, PS1M146V) develop early cognitive deficits and synaptic dysfunctions associated with intracellular Abeta deposition, followed with the emergence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles at late age. We produced a new transgenic line (2xTgAD: APPswe, TauP301L) which show the same C99 accumulation as 3xTg mice, but no detectable Abeta. I demonstrated, in my 1st author article, that 2xTgAD mice develop behavior and synaptic alterations similarly to 3xTgAD mice, suggesting that those deficits are induced by C99, and not Abeta accumulation.2- We developed another AD mouse model based on intracerebroventricular injection of an adeno-associated virus allowing neuronal overexpression of the C99 fragment all lifelong. In my PhD, I caracterised the anatomical, biochemical and behavior phenotypes of this AAV-C99 model. Abeta production is detected from gamma-secretase cleavage of the overexpressed C99. As such, we used a gamma-secretase inhibitor (ELND006) to discriminate between Abeta and C99 toxicity. Thanks to this model and treatment, I helped to demonstrate in Lauritzen and al., 2016, that C99 contributes to lysosomal and autophagic dysfonctions in AD.3- Lastly, I generated other tools to focus on biochemical mechanisms of C99 pathological effects. I produced plasmidic constructions inducing overexpression of mutated forms of C99 (C99G33L et C99G29L/G33L) enhancing its dimerization. Those put forward, in a recently submitted article, the presence of C99 in exosomes in both monomeric and oligomeric forms in vitro and in vivo.The above results suggest that C99 is involved in the early emergence of some important AD phenotypes. These data could be extremely meaningful for the current developing of an AD treatment
Lidgard, Damian Charles. "Variation intraspécifique du système d'accouplement du mâle chez le phoque gris : relation entre le phénotype, le comportement et le succès reproducteur". La Rochelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LAROS099.
Texto completoThis study has measured the extent and success of behavioural variation in the mating system of the grey seal. The study was conducted on Sable Island, Canada during 6 breeding seasons. The study revealed much greater variation in behaviour than previously recognised. The success of two mating tactics was measured. Although the principal tactic (i. E. Consort) revealed low success it was higher than that of an alternative tactic. Some young males exhibited both primary and alternative tactics. Consort males were larger and arrived with absolutely more energy reserves and sustained breeding for longer suggesting that state was more important than age in determining performance. Alternative mating tactics may have important implications for the pattern of gene flow and for sexual selection
Libros sobre el tema "Phénotype comportemental"
Royal Society of Canada. Symposium. Challenging genetic determinism: New perspectives on the gene in its multiple environments. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2011.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Phénotype comportemental"
Dufty, Alfred y Étienne Danchin. "Chapitre 4. Développement du phénotype : l’approche physiologie évolutive". En Écologie comportementale, 89–127. Dunod, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dunod.danch.2021.01.0089.
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