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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Petroleum"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 1 de agosto de 2024

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1

Golovko, A. K., V. F. Kamyanov y I. G. Shabotkin. "Initiated Low-Temperature Cracking of Ozonizated Petroleum and Heavy Petroleum Ends". Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 6, n.º 2 (12 de julio de 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj597.

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New way to produce greater amounts of distillate motor fuels from crude petroleums, petroleum residues and natural bitumens by an ozonization of raw material followed with thermal treatment of the product formed under the conditions similar to ones characteristic of common petroleum atmospheric rectification process is proposed. About half of heavy petroleum components boiling above 350°C can be converted<br />into light hydrocarbons constituting the gasoline and diesel fractions and total yield of the lasts can be accordingly increased by means of described new method of oil processing. Ultimate products contain up<br />to 16 wt.% olefins and lesser amounts of sulfur compounds and have noticeably improved principal operational properties in comparison with analogues straight-run motor petroleum distillates.

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2

Movahedi-Lankarani, Ciruce. "Precarious Petroleum". Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 44, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2024): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-11141519.

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Abstract As a major source of energy and revenue, “oil” has been rightly seen as a driver of the world's far-reaching twentieth-century social, political, and cultural transformations. But this conceptual abstraction of petroleum as a homogenous substance—lifted to the surface from static reservoirs and shipped around the world—is belied by the compositional heterogeneity of its deposits and the unpredictable dynamism of the buried geographies that hold them. Such factors have had important consequences within the histories of hydrocarbon-rich states like Iran. In the 1960s and 1970s, Iranian officials sought to build a new industry via the Shahpur Petrochemical Complex, a choice enabled by the unexpected availability of high-sulfur natural gas within the existing spaces of Iran's oil industry, and one that faced opposition from British Petroleum, which operated and largely controlled Iran's oil industry. Using archival and published materials, this article delves beneath the earth to focus on petroleum's sulfur impurities, the uncontrolled transformations of underground petroleum geographies, and the subterranean migrations of natural gas that resulted. It argues that centering notions of uncontrollability and petroleum's multiplicity opens new avenues for studying the histories of developing states like Iran, showing how the spaces opened by uncertainty were politically productive.

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3

Vorotnikova, V. A., L. G. Nekhamkina, V. D. Milovanov y B. S. Sidorina. "Determination of vanadium in petroleums and petroleum products". Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 24, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1988): 560–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00726121.

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4

Silva, Néstor L. "Beyond Petrotoxic Apparatuses". Environment and Society 12, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ares.2021.120108.

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Literature on petroleum and its toxicities understands both as simultaneously social and ecological. Beginning with scholarship on petroleum and its toxicity that captures that simultaneity and mutual constitution, this review defines petrotoxicity as the socioecological toxicity inherent in petroleum commodification. The term signals that petroleum’s social and ecological toxicities are not merely related, but always/already interdependent and inherent in petroleum commodification. Thinking about petrotoxicity this way frames it as something similar to repressive and ideological apparatuses. Althusserian apparatuses shape subjects and spaces in violent and bureaucratic ways. Generating and resisting petrotoxic apparatuses are consistent themes of literature on petrotoxicity. Thinking with Stuart Hall’s critique of Louis Althusser, this review concludes by highlighting scholarship showing the limits of this popular framing of power, ecology, and intervention vis-à-vis petroleum. Long-term fieldwork in North Dakota’s Bakken region informs this article at various points.

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5

Mahmoud, Magdy Shayboub Ali y Samir Mahmud Adam Abdalla. "Managing Infrastructure OF Water and Petroleum Demand in KSA". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 11, n.º 2 (10 de octubre de 2013): 2279–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v11i2.1182.

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The purpose of this paper is showing, how Geographical Information Systems (GIS ) can be used to support infrastructure planners and analyst on water and petroleum demand of a local area in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The first part of this work discusses the issue of analysis, design and creating the geodatabase system of KSA land and infrastructure using Stylus Studio XML editor, describing the components of the whole system of Subareas in Saudi Arabia affecting local infrastructure planning and analyzing which include of specific area and facilities management. The second part defines the creation of the GIS application of the discussed field having the GIS functions of the infrastructure discusses the geodatabase of the application of GIS In infrastructure in Saudi Arabia districts. The third part defines the results of the statistics analysis population in the Subareas, specify the relation between water resources and the elevations of subareas, the data of the layers of roads, railroads existing in Saudi Arabia specially in the eastern area where most petroleums wells are found. Â Â Â Â Using Google earth to show the elevation of the subareas and the relation with the water resources. Three groups of GISÂ forms was producedÂ they are the geodatabase of the Saudi Arabia (area, subareas and main cities) ,water resourcesÂ layers (waterÂ in land , waterÂ area and land cover ) , roads, railroadsÂ and elevations layers. The main contribution in the paper, discussed the infrastructure and theÂ results of the statistics analysis populationsÂ in the subareas, specify the relation between water resources and the elevations of subareas of the data layers of roads, railroads existing in Saudi Arabia, especially in the eastern area where most petroleum's wells are found production and exploration ofÂ petroleum including the geodatabase of wells of petroleum distributed in Saudi ArabiaÂ finding the locations using Google earth map, satellites to locate the areas of producing petroleum.

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6

S, Rosilda. "Petroleum Industries and Its Impact of Petroleum Extraction on the Environment". Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 8, n.º 2 (4 de abril de 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000387.

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The petroleum sector has prioritized reducing the environmental effect of its activities in response to the growing environmental conservation movement. Personnel in the sector need to be properly educated and trained in order to safeguard the environment. The environmental effects of petroleum operations and strategies to reduce them are the subject of a wealth of valuable information. However, this information is dispersed throughout thousands of books, reports, and papers, making it challenging for industry personnel to find specific details on mitigating the environmental effects of specific operations. The breadth and complexity of environmental concerns confronting the petroleum sector can be daunting for many engineers. While a large number of outstanding papers have been given on particular environmental topics, there is still a need for overview papers that set the stage for those more in-depth investigations. This review article examines the main upstream petroleum industry waste sources, the effects those wastes have on the environment, waste management, treatment, and disposal strategies, and contaminated site cleaning techniques.

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7

Spindler, M. "Petroleum". English 46, n.º 184 (1 de marzo de 1997): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/46.184.20.

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8

Trusell, F. C. "Petroleum". Analytical Chemistry 59, n.º 12 (15 de junio de 1987): 252–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00139a014.

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9

McManus, T. R. "Petroleum". Analytical Chemistry 61, n.º 12 (15 de junio de 1989): 165–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00187a011.

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10

Trusell, F. C. "Petroleum". Analytical Chemistry 57, n.º 5 (abril de 1985): 191–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00282a012.

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11

Ndimele, Prince Emeka. "Bioremediation of petroleum and petroleum products". International Journal of Environmental Studies 71, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 2014): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2013.869972.

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12

Remišová, Eva y Michal Holý. "Impact of bitumen composition on empirical properties". MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 04038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819604038.

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In recent years, there has been a further development of refining technology, which make it possible to better use of crude oil, which also has a major impact on the quality of bitumen. Most European refineries, of course, are processing, for reasons of the resale of petroleum products, especially petroleums suitable for the recovery of light and middle fractions. Therefore, light petroleums are required, with low yields of heavy fractions, which are highly economically and in dispositions efficient for processors on the petroleum market. Emphasis is placed on the sulfur content, the paraffin content is no longer the most important aspect. Less important from the perspective of the refinery is the content and the ratio of asphaltenes and maltenes. There is no doubt that we will have to change our view on petroleum products. Their availability will continue to decline, their price, on the other hand, is likely to grow in relation to falling supplies of resources. Therefore, the view of the bitumen must be changed. The most common way of production of PG bitumen is vacuum distillation, which is carried out in such a way that the vacuum distillation residue satisfies it´s properties bitumen requirements for the relevant penetration.

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13

Egede, Hephzibah. "AFRICAN ‘SOCIAL ORDERING’ GRUNDNORMS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AFRICAN LEX PETROLEA?" Denning Law Journal 28 (15 de noviembre de 2016): 138–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v28i0.1273.

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This article interrogates the constitutional relevance of African social ordering rules in petroleum governance in Sub-Saharan African petroleum producing states. At the apex of the hierarchized African legal system is the national constitution which contains the basic norm or grundnorm derived from Western received law. Yet some African scholars have described African social ordering norms as grundnorms. This goes contrary to the conventional positivist position that “a legal system cannot be founded on two conflicting grundnorms.” This article will consider whether African social ordering norms have attained the level of a grundnorm as expounded in Kelsen’s pure theory. Utilising the Ekeh’s “two publics” model, it investigates how the basic norm for African social ordering grundnorms is presupposed.The article considers whether there is a conflict between the domanial system of state ownership as approved by African national constitutions and indigenous African social ordering norms premised on communitarianism. The article presents for analysis the recent study undertaken by African Petroleum Producers Association (APPA). This study considers whether it is possible to standardise the rules of petroleum contractual governance in Africa. This has led to some discussion on whether the standardisation of these rules could lead to the development of an African Lex Petrolea. This article explores the role that African social ordering norms can play in the development of a continent-wide Lex Petrolea.

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14

Hill, Linda L. "Petroleum Abstracts:A service for the petroleum industry". Leading Edge 6, n.º 11 (noviembre de 1987): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1439347.

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15

Kamal, Medhat M. "Petroleum++: Petroleum Industry’s Viewpoints Vital at COP27". Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, n.º 01 (1 de enero de 2023): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0123-0004-jpt.

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Our industry is front and center with any wave of climate change discussion. This is our reality and was the case in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP27), held in the resort of Sharm El Sheikh in Egypt in November 2022. Reports indicate COP27 had a better outcome than the previous COP26 meeting. So naturally, I want to share this information with our members. There are numerous outcomes that I am certain SPE will be discussing in future meetings and publications. Three aspects, in particular, are the participation of the oil industry in the conference, decarbonization vs. reduction, and attempts to phase out petroleum. Petroleum industry participants outnumbered every national delegation at the COP27 climate summit. The influence of UAE, the host of COP28 in 2023, showed on the sidelines and in the negotiations with CEOs of several international and national oil companies and oil ministers in attendance. Getting involved in climate change events, presenting the industry’s viewpoint, and explaining the substantial efforts taken to mitigate the climate challenge is essential for our industry to continue, to level the playing field and offer a balanced path to energy security and sustainability that we owe the world based on what our industry can deliver. UAE President Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan said at the leaders’ summit, “The UAE is known as a responsible supplier of energy and will continue to play this role as long as the world needs oil and gas.” The Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources of Egypt, Tarek El-Molla, added, “As the cleanest hydrocarbon fuel, natural gas is seen as the perfect solution that strikes the right balance and will continue to play a key role in the future energy mix.” Some of the highlights of the conference included: - The emphasis on decarbonizing, rather than reducing, fossil fuel use was adequately addressed and continually presented as a viable method to help reach net-zero emissions by 2050. - Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) showcased Al Reyadah, the region’s first commercial-scale carbon capture utilization and storage facility. - Saudi Arabia’s Minister of Energy announced the signing of a joint development agreement with Saudi Aramco for one of the largest planned carbon capture and storage (CCS) hubs in the world. The center in Jubail Industrial City will begin operation by 2027 and be able to store 9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) in its first phase, and extract, use, and store 44 million tonnes of CO2 by 2035. At the 2021 COP26 in Glasgow, coal was named as a problem for the first time, with countries agreeing to phase down its use. In Sharm el-Sheikh, some sought to turn the heat onto other fossil fuels. Egypt never included fossil fuel phaseout language in the draft text, although it does promote renewables and “low-emission” energy. This could be interpreted as gas, which has lower emissions when burned than coal or other fossil fuels, with CCS. The final resolutions of the conference did not include any language to phase down petroleum.

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16

Golovko, A. K., V. F. Kamyanov y T. A. Filimonova. "The Novelties Producing by Ozonolysis of Petroleum High-Molecular Components". Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 7, n.º 2 (13 de julio de 2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj620.

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Specific properties of ozonolysis products of high-molecular heteroatomic compounds (resins and asphaltenes) from crude petroleums and natural bitumens are described. It is shown that polyfunctional carboxylic acids or their salts obtaining by alkaline hydrolysis of ozonization products of heavy petroleum<br />stocks permits to produce manifold useful novelties such as high-effective demulsifiers for petroleum dehydration process instead of expensive synthetic demulsifying reagents; water-soluble organic astringents suitable for chemical land-reclamation or to prepare moulding mixtures at the foundries; oily or emulsion<br />lubricating coolants for metal-working tools; stimulators of soil microorganisms activity and plant growth. The new chemical products of petroleum origin are not inferior to the best synthetic reagents for the same destinations but differ from the lasts advantageously on account of the simplicity of their production technology and low cost. The optimal expenses and other principal technological parameters were established both for raw material ozonization, following alkaline treatment and final product isolation stages of the production process for each new reagent described. By means of numerous laboratory experiments and field tests performed with seeds, bulbs and grafts of different agricultural plants and with ozonolysis products produced from the resinous components of different crude petroleums it was proved that high biological activity is characteristic only of the substances obtained from high-molecular compounds from low-sulfur naphthenic crude petroleums and natural bitumens occurring, as a rule, at small burial depths. These ozonolysis products are very effective stimulants for the different plants growth, suitable for a treatment of different forms of planting materials and providing significant acceleration of early growth stages, the reduction of vegetation and ripening periods, and the increase of total productivity of agricultural plants.

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17

Saleh, Mohd Nazmi, Rahimah Embong, Norida Ridzuan, Nor Hanimah Hamidi, Ricca Rahman Nasaruddin, Putri Nadzrul Faizura Megat Khamaruddin y Norasyikin Ismail. "Crude Oil Extraction and Technologically-Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) Pre-Treatment of Petroleum Sludge: A Review". Materials Science Forum 1056 (14 de marzo de 2022): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-0of01c.

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Malaysia is known as one of the major petroleum producers in the Asia-Pacific region. Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) in 2018 stated that the average daily production was over 1.7 million barrels of oil equivalent while the remaining reserves were estimated at more than 5 billion barrels of oil equivalent within more than 400 oilfields. With the growing demand for petroleum-based products, significant contaminated scales and sludge are generated each year from the petroleum industry. During production, the extracted fluids from the oil reservoir tend to carry along the Technologically-Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) of the 238U and 232Th decay chains from the Earth’s crust. TENORM in the petroleum sludge will results in radionuclides’ precipitation with silicates and carbonates, thus lowering the amount of oil extracted. There is a need for further information regarding the elemental composition (metal and nonmetal) and the surface morphology. Such information will guide the choice for useful partitioning of heavy metals between solid and gaseous products and provide a basis for comparing product characteristics with the parent material. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of petroleum sludge’s physical and chemical properties and its treatment and application. Profound evaluation of the extent of sludge treatment before disposal could be done and can significantly impact refinery and petrochemical industries.

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18

Zharikov, Andrii. "The Concept of lex petrolea from a Dispute Resolution Perspective: When Further Development is not Possible". Global Energy Law and Sustainability 3, n.º 1 (febrero de 2022): 72–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gels.2022.0068.

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The argument has been made that there is a specialist body of law that has emerged from the practices of the international petroleum industry, a separate body of lex mercatoria, referred to as ‘ lex petrolea’. The article examines the literature on this and the supporting arguments, ultimately rejecting them, since, among other reasons, the absence of a specialist dispute resolution platform that could ensure a continuous and coherent elaboration, application and interpretation of petroleum principles and customs is sufficiently serious to undermine academic and practical development of the concept.

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19

Anderson, Kevin J. "Refining Petroleum". MRS Bulletin 17, n.º 10 (octubre de 1992): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400046534.

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20

KANEKO, Yasuo. "Petroleum refining." Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan 67, n.º 11 (1988): 972–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.67.11_972.

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21

Okui, Akihiko. "Petroleum system". Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 70, n.º 3 (2005): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.70.265.

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22

Anderson, Kevin J. "Petroleum Plastics". MRS Bulletin 17, n.º 3 (marzo de 1992): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400040926.

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23

Gorski, Bradley. "Petroleum Venus". World Literature Today 87, n.º 6 (2013): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2013.0012.

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24

Wackett, Lawrence P. "Petroleum microbiology". Microbial Biotechnology 5, n.º 4 (7 de junio de 2012): 579–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2012.00350.x.

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25

Kennedy, D. "Beyond Petroleum?" Science 329, n.º 5993 (12 de agosto de 2010): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1194561.

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26

Pellerin, Louise y Terry Young. "Besides petroleum". Leading Edge 25, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2006): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2353881.

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27

Young, Jay A. "Petroleum Ether". Journal of Chemical Education 78, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2001): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed078p1588.

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28

Rodgers, Ryan P. y Amy M. McKenna. "Petroleum Analysis". Analytical Chemistry 83, n.º 12 (15 de junio de 2011): 4665–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac201080e.

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29

Bartle, Keith D. "Analyzing Petroleum". Analytical Chemistry 67, n.º 15 (agosto de 1995): 478A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00111a723.

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30

Bowman, Mike. "Petroleum sedimentology". Marine and Petroleum Geology 13, n.º 7 (noviembre de 1996): 858–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(96)83698-1.

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31

Ali, Mekki-Berrada. "Prebiotic Petroleum". Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 44, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2014): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-015-9416-7.

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32

Zimmerle, W. "Petroleum geology". Marine Geology 67, n.º 3-4 (octubre de 1985): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90097-0.

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33

Rudkiewicz, J. L. "Petroleum migration". Marine and Petroleum Geology 9, n.º 6 (diciembre de 1992): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(92)90039-h.

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34

Stewart, Janet. "Petroleum Prophecies". American Book Review 33, n.º 3 (2012): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/abr.2012.0065.

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35

Grana, Dario y Colin Daly. "Petroleum Geostatistics". Mathematical Geosciences 49, n.º 4 (mayo de 2017): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-017-9688-8.

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36

Mackenzie, Andrew S. "Petroleum geology". Earth-Science Reviews 24, n.º 2 (abril de 1987): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(87)90016-x.

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37

MACKENZIE, A. "Petroleum geology". Earth-Science Reviews 24, n.º 1 (marzo de 1987): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(87)90057-2.

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38

Nicolazzi, Massimo. "Petroleum Law and Petroleum Joint Ventures in Italy". Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law 8, n.º 1-4 (enero de 1990): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646811.1990.11433687.

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39

Andersen, Simon I. y James G. Speight. "PETROLEUM RESINS: SEPARATION, CHARACTER, AND ROLE IN PETROLEUM". Petroleum Science and Technology 19, n.º 1-2 (26 de marzo de 2001): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/lft-100001223.

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40

Fomin, A. M., S. A. Moiseev y V. A. Topeshko. "DESCRIPTION OF PETROLEUM PLAYS AND APPRAISAL OF PETROLEUM CONTENT OF THE SYUGDZHER PETROLEUM REGION". GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF SIBERIA, n.º 1 (2017): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2017-1-43-53.

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41

Grynyshyn, Oleg, Michael Bratychak, Volodymyr Krynytskiy y Volodymyr Donchak. "Petroleum resins for bitumens modification". Chemistry & Chemical Technology 2, n.º 1 (15 de marzo de 2008): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht02.01.047.

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The process of tar and industrial petroleum resin “Piroplast-2” joint oxidation has been investigated. The experimental results of the main regularities researches of the obtaining process of petroleum resins with carboxyl groups based on the pyrocondensate C9 fraction of hydrocarbon feedstock pyrolysis have been shown. It has been established that synthesized petroleum resins may be used for the modification of petroleum bitumens.

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42

C S, Sreeram y Dr V. Y. John. "A Study on Factors Affecting Petroleum Prices, and Pricing of Petroleum Products Under GST". International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, n.º 5 (17 de mayo de 2024): 8027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0524.1326.

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43

Koščak Kolin, Sonja. "BOOK REVIEW "PETROLEUM PRODUCTION ENGINEERING"". Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 31, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2016): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2016.3.7.

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44

Martínez, A. R. y C. L. McMichael. "PETROLEUM RESERVES: NEW DEFINITIONS BY THE SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS AND THE WORLD PETROLEUM CONGRESS". Journal of Petroleum Geology 22, n.º 2 (abril de 1999): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1999.tb00464.x.

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45

Simoneit, Bernd R. T. "Hydrothermal petroleum: genesis, migration, and deposition in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 1985): 1919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-208.

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Hydrothermal activity and seabed mounds have been explored in Guaymas Basin by the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), piston coring, dredging, and diving with the Deep Submersible Research Vessel (DSRV) Alvin. Sedimentary organic matter, derived primarily from immature, degraded microbial detritus, is easily converted to petroleum under the hydrothermal regime. These petroleums are mature and migrate in the fluids and by diffusion to the seabed. The fluid migration is aided by near-critical aqueous solution and supercritical carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. Petroleum compositions vary from condensates to naphthenic to waxy, all with significant amounts of asphaltenes and hydrothermal products such as olefins and toxic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The heavy ends condense at the seabed, depositing mainly as a cement with the sulfides and other minerals and to a lesser extent as entrapped oil and crystalline wax in vugs and conduits of the mounds. The PAH are high-temperature resynthesis-aromatization products from residual organic matter, and they are present in all oils but also deposit as discrete trace fractions in the hottest regions of the vent systems. Preliminary estimates of total hydrocarbon generation during hydrothermal alteration indicate that this process has a significant petroleum potential.

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46

Maarouf, Melody, Bryan Kromenacker, Eric Brucks y Vivian Shi. "Expedited Resolution of 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Erythema and Barrier Dysfunction with White Petrolatum". SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 3, n.º 4 (8 de julio de 2019): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.3.4.9.

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Actinic keratoses (AK) are precancerous lesions that develop on chronically sun-exposed skin. They frequently require prophylactic field treatment due to the risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. Topical treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) yields near complete AK resolution, yet leaves a patient with an exuberant erythematous treatment site, which may be embarrassing and/or uncomfortable. We report a case of a patient with diffuse facial AK who was treated with 5-FU twice daily for 2 weeks, resulting in fiery-red erythema and disrupted barrier indices. Application of pure ultra white petroleum jelly, an emollient preferred by dermatologists for post-operative wound healing, resulted in drastic decreased erythema and recovery time of post-treatment transepidermal water loss and hydration, compared to the contralateral, non-petrolatum-treated side. Additionally, petrolatum use did not disrupt the AK resolution endpoint. We suggest that petroleum jelly be used for the repair of 5-FU-induced barrier disruption and erythema to promote greater patient adherence.

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47

Lim, Young-Kwan, Jeong-Min Kim, Jong-Ryeol Kim, Min-Jeong Kwon, Kyoung-Heum Lee y Seong-Hyun Ryu. "Analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Domestic Distribution Petroleum". Applied Chemistry for Engineering 27, n.º 5 (10 de octubre de 2016): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14478/ace.2016.1065.

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48

Volk, Herbert y Simon C. George. "Using petroleum inclusions to trace petroleum systems – A review". Organic Geochemistry 129 (marzo de 2019): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2019.01.012.

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49

Battarjee, S. M., W. M. Abd El-Azim y A. A. Mohamed. "Preparation of medicinal petroleum Jelly using local petroleum Waxes". Lubrication Science 12, n.º 1 (noviembre de 1999): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ls.3010120107.

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50

Kovaleva, L. A., V. N. Kireev, R. R. Zinnatullin y G. I. Mukharyamova. "INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT ON HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT PIPELINES DURING NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN PETROLEUM SYSTEMS TRANSPORTATION". Petroleum Engineering 22, n.º 2 (3 de mayo de 2024): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2024-2-120-132.

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This work examines the influence of radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) influence on the hydraulic characteristics of hot pipelines for the transport of petroleum Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems.Newtonian and non-Newtonian petroleum and their rheological properties before and after RF EM exposure, as well as the hydraulic characteristics of hot petroleum pipelines for pumping selected petroleum, were selected as objects of study.As a result: a methodology for petroleum processing has been developed that corresponds to industrial practice in the operation of petroleum pipelines; empirical dependences of petroleum viscosity on temperature were obtained in the form of piecewise exponential functions. The influence of RF EM exposure on the thixotropic properties of petroleum and the values of ultimate shear stresses was assessed. A decrease or complete disappearance of hysteresis loops after RF EM exposure to petroleum and a decrease in the maximum shear stress for non-Newtonian petroleum were revealed.By using the software developed by the authors, «Hydraulic calculation of isothermal and non-isothermal petroleum pipelines (GRINT)», the processes of pipeline transport of petroleum treated with EM fields were modeled, taking into account the obtained empirical dependencies. An assessment of the influence of RF EM exposure on the hydraulic characteristics of «hot» pipelines was carried out. It has been established that after RF EM exposure to petroleum, the zone of stable operation of a «hot» petroleum pipeline increases and the required pressure for pumping the same volume of petroleum decreases.

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