Tesis sobre el tema "Persan (langue) – Comparaison (grammaire)"
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Atar, Sharghi Navid. "Analyse syntaxique comparée du persan et du français : vers un modèle de traduction non ambigüe et une langue controlée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Besançon, 2011. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c6d7ac26-fae9-4da5-8861-87fbe23130d5.
Texto completoThis study concerns a comparative analysis of the syntactic units (syntagms) and the fundamental constructions of French and Persian, with regards to Controlled Languages and problematic and ambiguous cases for translation.After a historical survey of these languages and a brief presentation of the writing and phonetic systems of Persian, the ward classes (parts of speech) and their traditional and modern classifications are compared. The structures of determinant, nominal, adjectival, prepositional, adverbial and verbal syntagms and the nature of their component, as well as the fundamental constructions of the basic sentence in thesetwo languages are then analysed. During the study, as a result of translation tests carried out by Persian students, some problematic cases for translation have been recognized and analysed for a potential French-Persian controlled language. ln the final synthesis, the syntagmatic structures and some instructions for developing a controlled language relating French and Persian languages have been assembled
Safa, Parivash. "L' expression de l'inchoativité en français et en persan". Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1022.
Texto completoMirzajan, Semsar Massoumeh. "Etude articulatoire et acoustique des sons du Fârsi parlé à Téhéran : comparaison avec le français". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20007.
Texto completoIs presented here an articulatory and acoustic study of the sounds of Tehran Fârsi, in comparison with French sounds. First, we give historical survey of the evolution of Persian language, up to Fârsi spoken nowadays in Tehran. Then, using a spectral analysis, we describe each vowel in different contexts : isolated vowels, vowels in words (in 3 different positions), and vowels in sentences. Duration and formant values were measured. Hence, we establish the vowel acoustic triangle of Fârsi, a task that had not yet been carried out. Finally, we briefly compare the vocalic systems of Fârsi and French. This work, besides its scientific and descriptive interest, may give useful precisions for teaching French to Iranians or Persian to French
Lessan-Pezechki, Homa. "Système verbal et deixis en persan et en français : approche contrastive à partir d'un corpus littéraire constitué de trois oeuvres d'Albert Camus et de leurs traductions persanes". Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39005.
Texto completoMy thesis comprises two main sections. In the first chapter of the first section, i describe the outlines of persian verb system, and set out the particularities of each tense form separately. In the second chapter, i adopt a contrastive approach, staring from french and comparing with the situation in persian. After examining the verb system, which has obvious links with the notion of dexis, i examine the concept of deixis more closely. Dealing successively with spatial, temporal and finally personal deixis in the first chapter of the second section. In the second chapter, i make a detailed study of french deictics and of their translation into persian
Daei-Nasseri, Massoud. "Pratique du bilinguisme par des adolescents franco-persans vivant en France". Strasbourg 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR20029.
Texto completoThis thesis analyses the linguistic strategies which are used by the French-Persian bilingual teenagers during recorded interviews. We first explained some theories on interlanguage, interferences and code-switching. Then, we attempted to study the corpus, wich was first transcribed. In this thesis, it will be found a contrastive analysis of various aspects of the verbal system of French and Persian, of the prepositions, the adjectives and of a number of prepositions. In the second part, we tried to develop some characteristics of the code-switching and code-mixing
Simon, Christel. "La syntaxe du comparatif en russe moderne". Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10091.
Texto completoMiladi, Lidia. "Etude transformationnelle des verbes à complétive du polonais : comparaison avec le français". Grenoble 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE39006.
Texto completoThis thesis is a systematic and exhaustive analysis of the substantive Polish structures (compared with the French language), as part of the "lexique-grammaire" model developped by M. Gross and his team at LADL. The application of M. Gross' method has permitted the classing of nearly 2100 substantive Polish verbs into 17 syntactical-semantic classes. Where only one subordinating conjunction (que) exists in French, with a differentiation on the substantive mood (indicative / subjunctive), two distinct forms of the subordinating conjunctions ze and zeby1 are observable in Polish. The Polish substantives are introduced either by to1 or by the sequence : Prép+to1. In addition, 16 prepositions (of various meanings) are able to introduce a complementary substantive (or infinitive) in Polish where as only two prepositions à and de introduce the substantive or prepositional infinitives in French. To1 - initiator of a substantive in Polish, belongs to the subordinating conjunction ze or zeby1. It is grammatisized and so has no autonomous value. It can be deleted without changing the meaning of the phrase. If it is used before the substantive, it forms a preliminary condition for several transformations (open to be applied in these constructions). Furthermore another morpheme exists : to. To2 is a deictic pronoun which serves on the one hand to pronominalise the substantives ( or the infinitives) and on the other hand when placed at the beginning of a phrase, it emphasizes the substantives and the infinitives. A correlation between to1 et to2 is noticeable : to1 originates from to2. Only 381 verbs allow a reduction from the substantive to the corrresponding infinitive. The presence of the infinitive marker of the from zeby2 is observable in the infinitive constructions
Rebotier, Aude. "Les Temps verbaux en allemand et en français et les phénomènes aspectuels : comparaison de deux systèmes". Grenoble 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE39039.
Texto completoRen, Xiaobo. "Syntaxe diachronique et synchronique des constructions passives en chinois : essai de comparaison avec les formes passives du français". Paris 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030139.
Texto completoIn today's chinese, the common passive form is the following : "(np1) + bei (+ np2-agent) + v (+c)". This structure can already be found in medieval chinese (8th century a. D. ), but it only became the most current passive form in modern chinese, around the 14th and 15th centuries. In archaic chinese and in medieval chinese, other constructions with other marks than bei were used to express the passive form. They were essentially : i. E. Yu, wei. . . Suo and jian. Various constraints on the passive forms regarding syntax, semantics and communication as well, explain why all the active forms may not always have an exact corresponding passive form and why some passive forms are sometimes more natural than their corresponding active forms. The differences that arise between the chinese language and the french language, emphasize the fact that some passive forms in one language are adequately rendered by active forms in the other language, thus a choice has to be made between syntaxic, semantic and communicative levels
Muller, Claude. "La négation en français : syntaxe, sémantique et éléments de comparaison avec les autres langues romanes". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070036.
Texto completoNegation may be defined in relation to assertion, as a rejection of a pragmatic presupposition. This basic value is accompanied by a derived value allowing for information transmission : descriptive negation. Operators of syntactic negation can be used with metalinguistic paraphrases (using the 'support-verbs' of assertion) as well as with surface operators. Negation is also expressed by operators adapted to their lexical context (morphological negations); inversely, the context may adapt in function of the negation (negative polarity). The choice of ne pas vs. Non corresponds respectively to a negation containing a verb among its arguments and to a negation incorporating its 'support verb', which explains the wide application range of non. Uses of ne without pas result either from the negative association codified in the 17th century, or from survivals of the former system. The negative association (combination of a negation and a dependent operator) highlights the phenomenon of non localised negation characterising the romance languages, with absence of morphological incorporation of negation in negative words. It is indicated in french by the absence of pas and the simultaneous use of ne in written french. Negative expletives can be seen in this framework as negations associated with a dominant-scope context equivalent to a positive item with a dependent negation, hence the characterisation of these constructions as inverse negative associations. The last chapters deal with modifications of determiners in negative sentences, and with the semantics of negative questions
Rezapour, Rouhollah. "Le bilinguisme français-persan en linguistique-didactique : syntaxe et sémantique". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040068.
Texto completoThis dissertation, using the theory of linguistic neoteny, supports the idea that the order initially established by a language in a speaker who has become bilingual at a later stage is no longer stable at the time when the second language is inserted, and subsequently an unequal competition between the two languages becomes apparent. There exists an interdependence between the language and the identity of the speaker. The subordinated French-Persian bilingual, who has immigrated to a francophone area at the age of linguistic adulthood, tries to insert another system of linguistic behavior, another mode of being, in a cognitive space which does not sustain the need to continue to function normally. Thus, s/he overcomes his/her Persian monolingualism, that is, his/her natural specialization, in order to opt for French-Persian bilingualism.The French-Persian bilingual child born into alinguistically mixed family is theoretically conceived to create his/her immanent being in both languages.But in reality, the value ascribed to a language, schooling, the choice of family language, and several other determining factors significantly affect the speaker’s choice of his/her preferred language. If the French-Persian bilingual’s sense of self-sufficiency allows him/her to identify him-/herself as a speaker of French to the satisfaction of his/her linguistic environment, the appropriation and practice of Persian in his/her family are no longer strictly necessary because s/he sees him-/herself in a mental, cultural and linguistic universe whose oral reality is more relevant to the social sphere
Le, Hoang Nam. "Stylistique comparée et traduction : étude descriptive d'un corpus littéraire Franco-vietnamien". Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100033.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to prove that we cannot create ready to use translation methods for literary texts from solutions given by two translators of a same literary text. In order to show our thesis, we compared and examined the way of translation of both translators in the three constituent elements. The first element is about the interpretation and the understanding of a literary text. The second element is about the recreation of the literary aspect of a translated text. The third element is about the decontextualisation of a translated text. The result of the research shows that the solutions proposed by the two translators from a same corpus, are based on the significant of the original text and on the equivalent words of the target language. Therefore, these solutions are the cause for the discrepancy between two artistic perceptions of a text and consequently, they cannot be applied for the translation of other texts. Our solutions are based on the meaning and the impression given by a text, thus, only our solutions can reduce the discrepancy between two artistic perceptions of a same text
Lee, Sung-Young. "La syntaxe des pronoms clitiques des langues romanes : comparaison de deux approches". Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081031.
Texto completoStosic, Dejan. ""par" et "à travers" dans l'expression des relations spatiales : comparaison entre le français et le serbo-croate". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00272907.
Texto completoSibachir, Zina. "La traduction en arabe de la terminologie des Sciences du langage : structuration morphosémantique des unités terminologiques : approche traductive Français-Arabe". Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2013_sibachir.pdf.
Texto completoYoussef, Said. "Les relatives : comparaison entre le français, l'arabe classique, l'arabe moderne et l'arabe egyptien". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1030/document.
Texto completoThis study aims to examine the structure of relative pronouns between Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic and Egyptian Arabic. We try to show the characteristics of relative pronouns for each of these three Arabic language variants and compare them with those of the French language.The first section presents an analysis of the relative pronouns by French grammarians, as well as our perspective on it. The second section presents a study of sentence structure in Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. In this section, we also present an overview of the analysis conducted by Arab grammarians of the units that we consider as relative pronouns. In the third and the fourth section, we analyze what we have called the marked relatives and unmarked relatives in Modern Standard Arabic and Egyptian Arabic. Finally, we describe the similarities and differences that emerge from these comparisons between the system of relative pronouns for each of these three Arabic language variants and the French language
Atar, Sharghi Navid. "Analyse syntaxique comparée du persan et du français : vers un modèle de traduction non ambigüe et une langue controlée". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011496.
Texto completoGharbi, Habib. "De la grammaire à la rhétorique : analogie et ressemblance dans les structures comparatives". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040058.
Texto completoComparison has always been poorly understood whether in grammar or rhetoric. This is why none of the linguistic works or the brief heterogeneous analysis that were made have managed to deal with it in the precise manner they were ought to. Hence comes the objective of my thesis which consists in standardizing the study of Comparison by taking in consideration all of its possible forms. Indeed, I will try to rehabilitate the distinction of the Greco-Roman tradition between Comparatio and Similitudo which was lost since the period of confusion that marked the XVIIth century. Based on a constructive methodology that starts with the smallest units to reach out for the larger text, this study goes through all levels of linguistic analysis, beginning with the grammatical layer, a referential one, to attain the rhetorical layer where extra-linguistic referents are taken into account. It consequently leads to achieve the categorical distinctions between comparison and similitude one the one hand, and between comparison and metaphor on the other. Those distinctions are illustrated by examples drawn basically in modern literature (XIXth and XXth centuries). Interestingly, examples themselves are accompanied with detailed analysis and sundry rankings which are meant to highlight the specificities of every notion in relation to the study of analogy and resemblance
Dam, Minh Thuy. "L'acte de refus : étude contrastive entre les mises en discours française et vietnamienne". Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0019.
Texto completoIt is said that every language user acts on the basis of his/her native cultural characteristics. With this as a starting point, the subject of this Study is a comparison of acts of refusal between the French and Vietnamese languages. Taking the view that every linguistic behaviour is the result of a series of different linguistic acts and expressions, this study aims to identify strategies to soften the "threatening" aspect of refusals. Within this study, various aspects of linguistic behaviours will be analysed : lexical, syntactic, pragmatic, argumentative. Depending on his/her own cultural characteristics, each language user will use or prioritise different communication strategies to save face, an essential consideration in the living-together
Merten, Pascaline. "La caractérisation multiple en français: description, comparaison avec d'autres langues et formalisation XML". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210993.
Texto completoLes linguistes du français se sont surtout intéressés à la position absolue de l’adjectif (antéposition ou postposition au nom), mais peu à leur ordre relatif. Il était intéressant d’étendre le point de vue à tous les caractérisants parce que le mélange de caractérisants de différentes natures, en particulier la séquence relative de l’adjectif et du complément du nom, pose d’intéressantes questions linguistiques. La notion fonctionnelle montre également sa valeur dans un cadre comparatiste, car différentes langues ne rendent pas le même concept avec la même catégorie morpho-syntaxique.
Notre théorie est que la séquence des caractérisants, tant en antéposition qu’en postposition, est régie par une hiérarchie de critères morpho-syntaxiques et sémantiques, en particulier par leur valeur classificatrice, descriptive ou spécificatrice. On a souvent classé les adjectifs en fonction de leur appartenance à une classe sémantique ontologique (couleur, forme, matière…). En réalité, de très nombreux adjectifs et caractérisants n’entrent pas dans ces catégories et ce type de classification n’est pas le premier critère à l’œuvre dans l’ordre des mots.
Le syntagme nominal apparaît dès lors comme structuré en différentes couches concentriques autour du nom ;il est délimité en antéposition par les quantifiants et en postposition par les caractérisants spécificateurs qui lui font en quelque sorte pendant. On observera dès lors d’intéressants phénomènes de sens et d’acceptabilité grammaticale dans le jeu des quantifiants et des caractérisants. Inversement, la position relative d’un caractérisant influe sur sa valeur. On pourrait résumer ces effets de sens par la formule :on dit d’abord ce que c’est, ensuite comment c’est, et enfin lequel c’est. De manière très générale donc, on observe que l’orientation des déterminants se fait selon un axe intrinsèque-extrinsèque ou objectif-subjectif.
L’étude d’expressions dans d’autres langues et dans des domaines spécialisés (cuisine, appellations officielles incluant des adjectifs géographiques, localisation de logiciels et chimie organique) permet de valider cette hypothèse tout en montrant que l’ordre des mots est un phénomène de génération, propre à chaque langue car la traduction modifie la nature morpho-syntaxique et peut modifier la valeur des caractérisants.
La partie technique de la thèse a exploité des techniques de traduction assistée par ordinateur, de traduction automatique et de traitement du langage, elle a fait appel aux langages de balisage standards de la famille XML pour la représentation des corpus et des règles ainsi que pour la réalisation des procédures. Les corpus spécialisés ont été constitués par alignement de corpus monolingues ou par traduction. Ils ont tous été mis au format XML ;les règles de traduction ont été formalisées dans le même format et elles ont été implémentées en XSLT. La formalisation des corpus en assure la portabilité et facilite les recherches de structures grammaticales sur un corpus catégorisé. Les corpus parallèles sont en outre d’une grande aide pour les traducteurs. Enfin, l’automatisation permet de valider les règles linguistiques proposées.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Nouri, Catherine. "Persian Verbs in Spatial Events : with a Specific Focus on Complex Predicates". Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H009/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of this dissertation is twofold : 1) to investigate the semantic and syntactic behavior of Persian simplex verbs vs. CPs in spatial events with respect to Talmy’s typology of satellite-framed and verb-framed languages ; and 2) to analyze the semantic systematicity in the formation of CPs based on a constructional approach and explain their certain behaviors, namely, their productivity, causativity, duration, and syntactic behavior of their PVs through the meaning of the construction.In the first part of the analysis, we discuss the behaviour of simplex verbs vs. CPs in spatial events. Our analysis is based on an extensive corpus. CPs express manner and other semantic information frequently while a high frequency of simplex verbs appears as neutral constructions without expressing any specific information. The syntactic distribution of CPs follow the ‘economy of language’ rule since all the semantic information is encoded in the construction itself; on the other hand, simplex verbs require dependent clauses to express manner in the majority of cases. Furthermore, CPs encode both motion and location events while simplex verbs are mostly intransitive and refer to locative events. The above-mentioned shortcomings of simplex verbs have led to the replacement of these verbs by CPs over time. In the second part of our analysis, we deal with the semantic features of CPs in spatial events in the light of Construction Grammar theory and corpus-based approaches. Following Goldberg we consider CPs constructions in their own right. Kardan, ‘do’ ; dādan, ‘give’; zadan, ‘hit’; and bordan, ‘take’, are the LVs under the study in this thesis. These LVs found to be among the most frequent ones with the most PVs in common in our corpus. Firstly, we identified the semantic extensions of each LV. This categorization reveals a certain degree of semantic productivity and generalization between each LV and the type of PVs with which it can co-occur. In other words, each LV combines with a specific type of PVs. Even metaphorical extensions have a certain degree of productivity and speakers can generalize about them. We also argue that CPs in spatial events are a family of resultative constructions. Certain behaviors of CPs, namely, their causativity, and the duration of the activity, are explained based on their semantics, and it is shown that the whole construction is responsible for such behaviors. The comparison between combinations that have different LVs but identical PVs reveals certain semantic and syntactic differences, which is evidence for the existing systematicity in the formation of CPs. Through a collostructional analysis we discuss the degree of attraction of each LV with respect to the semantic categories
Fadhlaoui, Najet. "Le métalangage grammatical du français dans les classes tunisiennes : le cas de la notion de complément". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA100/document.
Texto completoThe present thesis about the metalanguage of the grammar of French falls into a wide framework which concerns the fields of morphosyntactic linguistics, acquisition, didactics and pedagogy. From the didactic point of view, we selected a socioconstructive perspective which is then adapted to a work on metacognition. As for the pedagogical level, our objective is to analyse the metalinguistic verbalizations of the pupils of Tunisian middle school in their analysis of the function Complement. Our research option being mainly the interactions in a class of grammar and the dynamics of coconstruction and metalinguistic negotiations rather than the operations of propping up with pupils, aims to be a study of the problems generated by the complex articulation of metalanguages which stem from schools of grammar of reference and educational grammar from textbooks and instructors and those of the internal, unconscious and heterogenous grammar of the Tunisian pupil. Otherwise, the articulation overlaps between the grammar ofhis first language of schooling, in this particular case Arabic Lg 1 (subject to the same problems) and the grammar of French Lg 2, consistently his interlanguage. In the end, our work which aims at the construction of grammatical concepts negotiated with pupils for an effective and efficient linguistic verbalization (biméta) proceeds in the following way: we use a corpus which is based on questionnaires and class observation in which teachers use sequences of grammar inserted into learning modules and which contain educational gramma A diagnostic phase intends to reveal, then, the tracks of a grammar under construction mainly by focussing on pupils' mistakes through tests prepared for that purpose and peer and teacher exchanges which aim at determining the metalinguistic and metacognitive profiles of pupils. A second phase sets up the device of negotiation of the concept of complement in terms of evolution of the used strategies. The analysis is based on a comparison of the complementation in Arabic and in French through which the interactions bimétalanguagieres and the negotiation of the terms and the rules are analysed
Fouillet, Raphaële. "Les formes de contextualisation de la description du français dans les grammaires pédagogiques pour italophones (1970-2011). Cultures métalinguistiques et expertise professorale". Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030152.
Texto completoAccording to common discourse in the field of didactics, grammar, considered as an intimate related discipline to writing practices, seems to be often overshadowed since the introduction of the concept of the communicative competence in French as a foreign language teaching and learning. Nevertheless, the practices of teachers of French as a foreign or second language and the handbooks for language learning published in France certify a continuous presence of grammar activities in this field. The present study, based on this contradictory situation, seeks to analyse the grammatical discourse of handbooks specifically conceived for learners of French as a foreign language who share a common first language. With this aim, we review twenty six (26) books of grammar edited in Italy between 1970 and 2011. The study begins by investigating the designation and definition of parts of speech and the description of language facts by comparing them to a reference description of French Grammar. We try to reveal how this description takes place through a constant and widespread, diffuse character throughout the analysed period. The study continues by establishing a typology of different forms based on four categories of contextualization, all derived from the learners’ first common language and its specific context grammatisation. Finally, in the perspective of reconsidering the long-lasting relationship between teaching and language description in the occidental world, we suggest possibilities for joining French grammatical reference discourse adaptation and teachers’ professional expertise knowledge
Meng, Zewen. "Le problème de la valence en français et en chinois. Étude contrastive et typologique". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2021SORUL005.pdf.
Texto completoAfter researching the subject Study of verbal valence from a typological perspective of contrast between French and Chinese, we propose here an even deeper contrasting and typological study on the problem of valence in French and Chinese. The theory of “valence” was first proposed by the French linguist Lucien Tesnière and has been applied to various bending or agglutinating languages of Europe and the world, and also, it can be applied to insulating languages from Asia, such as Chinese, even if it was introduced quite late in China. For comparison, we take Chinese as a reference that we compare with French on avalent, monovalent, bivalent, trivalent, tetravalent verbs, and also on the diatheses of the change of valence of verbs. Contemporary Chinese and standard French are two very different languages from a typological point of view; unlike French, Chinese is a language with reduced morphology, verbal series, loose and narrow pivot constructions, topicalization and subjectification and also it is a phenomenon of grammaticalization (cf. Lemaréchal & Xiao, 2017) such as 把bǎ of the verb “take” became the preposition to propose objects in front of the verbs; 被bèi of the verb “suffer” became the preposition to mark the passive and the patient; 叫jiào and 让ràng of the verb “call” “to give” became signs of causative-factual and passive; 给gěi of the verb “give” that has become multifunctional: as a preposition, beneficiary, dative (of interest and ethics); causative-factual, applicative, passive mark; in the construction verbal series and construction pivot; and also it can be integrated into words as a semantic element. The theory of “valence” not only allows the study of the construction of verbs but can be extended to all predicates (in the semantic and logical sense of the term). This theory can be used in many languages. It has helped to improve dictionaries and facilitate language teaching and learning. This thesis aims to typologically solve certain problems on the verbal valence between French and Chinese
Petit, Yolande. "Comparaison entre l'enseignement présentiel et l'enseignement virtuel pour l'apprentissage de l'accord des mots «tout» et «même»". Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3202/1/M9485.pdf.
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