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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Peroxisome"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Peroxisome"

Bascom, Roger A., Honey Chan y Richard A. Rachubinski. "Peroxisome Biogenesis Occurs in an Unsynchronized Manner in Close Association with the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Temperature-sensitiveYarrowia lipolyticaPex3p Mutants". Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, n.º 3 (marzo de 2003): 939–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-10-0633.

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Pex3p is a peroxisomal integral membrane protein required early in peroxisome biogenesis, and Pex3p-deficient cells lack identifiable peroxisomes. Two temperature-sensitive pex3 mutant strains of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica were made to investigate the role of Pex3p in the early stages of peroxisome biogenesis. In glucose medium at 16°C, these mutants underwent de novo peroxisome biogenesis and exhibited early matrix protein sequestration into peroxisome-like structures found at the endoplasmic reticulum-rich periphery of cells or sometimes associated with nuclei. The de novo peroxisome biogenesis seemed unsynchronized, with peroxisomes occurring at different stages of development both within cells and between cells. Cells with peripheral nascent peroxisomes and cells with structures morphologically distinct from peroxisomes, such as semi/circular tubular structures that immunostained with antibodies to peroxisomal matrix proteins and to the endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein Kar2p, and that surrounded lipid droplets, were observed during up-regulation of peroxisome biogenesis in cells incubated in oleic acid medium at 16°C. These structures were not detected in wild-type or Pex3p-deficient cells. Their role in peroxisome biogenesis remains unclear. Targeting of peroxisomal matrix proteins to these structures suggests that Pex3p directly or indirectly sequesters components of the peroxisome biogenesis machinery. Such a role is consistent with Pex3p overexpression producing cells with fewer, larger, and clustered peroxisomes.

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Heyman, J. A., E. Monosov y S. Subramani. "Role of the PAS1 gene of Pichia pastoris in peroxisome biogenesis." Journal of Cell Biology 127, n.º 5 (1 de diciembre de 1994): 1259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.127.5.1259.

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Several groups have reported the cloning and sequencing of genes involved in the biogenesis of yeast peroxisomes. Yeast strains bearing mutations in these genes are unable to grow on carbon sources whose metabolism requires peroxisomes, and these strains lack morphologically normal peroxisomes. We report the cloning of Pichia pastoris PAS1, the homologue (based on a high level of protein sequence similarity) of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PAS1. We also describe the creation and characterization of P. pastoris pas1 strains. Electron microscopy on the P. pastoris pas1 cells revealed that they lack morphologically normal peroxisomes, and instead contain membrane-bound structures that appear to be small, mutant peroxisomes, or "peroxisome ghosts." These "ghosts" proliferated in response to induction on peroxisome-requiring carbon sources (oleic acid and methanol), and they were distributed to daughter cells. Biochemical analysis of cell lysates revealed that peroxisomal proteins are induced normally in pas1 cells. Peroxisome ghosts from pas1 cells were purified on sucrose gradients, and biochemical analysis showed that these ghosts, while lacking several peroxisomal proteins, did import varying amounts of several other peroxisomal proteins. The existence of detectable peroxisome ghosts in P. pastoris pas1 cells, and their ability to import some proteins, stands in contrast with the results reported by Erdmann et al. (1991) for the S. cerevisiae pas1 mutant, in which they were unable to detect peroxisome-like structures. We discuss the role of PAS1 in peroxisome biogenesis in light of the new information regarding peroxisome ghosts in pas1 cells.

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Chang, Jinlan, Fred D. Mast, Andrei Fagarasanu, Dorian A. Rachubinski, Gary A. Eitzen, Joel B. Dacks y Richard A. Rachubinski. "Pex3 peroxisome biogenesis proteins function in peroxisome inheritance as class V myosin receptors". Journal of Cell Biology 187, n.º 2 (12 de octubre de 2009): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200902117.

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In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, peroxisomal inheritance from mother cell to bud is conducted by the class V myosin motor, Myo2p. However, homologues of S. cerevisiae Myo2p peroxisomal receptor, Inp2p, are not readily identifiable outside the Saccharomycetaceae family. Here, we demonstrate an unexpected role for Pex3 proteins in peroxisome inheritance. Both Pex3p and Pex3Bp are peroxisomal integral membrane proteins that function as peroxisomal receptors for class V myosin through direct interaction with the myosin globular tail. In cells lacking Pex3Bp, peroxisomes are preferentially retained by the mother cell, whereas most peroxisomes gather and are transferred en masse to the bud in cells overexpressing Pex3Bp or Pex3p. Our results reveal an unprecedented role for members of the Pex3 protein family in peroxisome motility and inheritance in addition to their well-established role in peroxisome biogenesis at the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results point to a temporal link between peroxisome formation and inheritance and delineate a general mechanism of peroxisome inheritance in eukaryotic cells.

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Zhang, J. W., Y. Han y P. B. Lazarow. "Novel peroxisome clustering mutants and peroxisome biogenesis mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Cell Biology 123, n.º 5 (1 de diciembre de 1993): 1133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.123.5.1133.

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The goal of this research is to identify and characterize the protein machinery that functions in the intracellular translocation and assembly of peroxisomal proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several genes encoding proteins that are essential for this process have been identified previously by Kunau and collaborators, but the mutant collection was incomplete. We have devised a positive selection procedure that identifies new mutants lacking peroxisomes or peroxisomal function. Immunofluorescence procedures for yeast were simplified so that these mutants could be rapidly and efficiently screened for those in which peroxisome biogenesis is impaired. With these tools, we have identified four complementation groups of peroxisome biogenesis mutants, and one group that appears to express reduced amounts of peroxisomal proteins. Two of our mutants lack recognizable peroxisomes, although they might contain peroxisomal membrane ghosts like those found in Zellweger syndrome. Two are selectively defective in packaging peroxisomal proteins and moreover show striking intracellular clustering of the peroxisomes. The distribution of mutants among complementation groups implies that the collection of peroxisome biogenesis mutants is still incomplete. With the procedures described, it should prove straightforward to isolate mutants from additional complementation groups.

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Somborac, Tamara, Güleycan Lutfullahoglu Bal, Kaneez Fatima, Helena Vihinen, Anja Paatero, Eija Jokitalo, Ville O. Paavilainen y Svetlana Konovalova. "The subset of peroxisomal tail-anchored proteins do not reach peroxisomes via ER, instead mitochondria can be involved". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2023): e0295047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295047.

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Peroxisomes are membrane-enclosed organelles with important roles in fatty acid breakdown, bile acid synthesis and biosynthesis of sterols and ether lipids. Defects in peroxisomes result in severe genetic diseases, such as Zellweger syndrome and neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. However, many aspects of peroxisomal biogenesis are not well understood. Here we investigated delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to peroxisomes in mammalian cells. Using glycosylation assays we showed that peroxisomal TA proteins do not enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in both wild type (WT) and peroxisome-lacking cells. We observed that in cells lacking the essential peroxisome biogenesis factor, PEX19, peroxisomal TA proteins localize mainly to mitochondria. Finally, to investigate peroxisomal TA protein targeting in cells with fully functional peroxisomes we used a proximity biotinylation approach. We showed that while ER-targeted TA construct was exclusively inserted into the ER, peroxisome-targeted TA construct was inserted to both peroxisomes and mitochondria. Thus, in contrast to previous studies, our data suggest that some peroxisomal TA proteins do not insert to the ER prior to their delivery to peroxisomes, instead, mitochondria can be involved.

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Kim, Jung-Ae. "Peroxisome Metabolism in Cancer". Cells 9, n.º 7 (14 de julio de 2020): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9071692.

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Peroxisomes are metabolic organelles involved in lipid metabolism and cellular redoxbalance. Peroxisomal function is central to fatty acid oxidation, ether phospholipid synthesis, bile acidsynthesis, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Human disorders caused by genetic mutations inperoxisome genes have led to extensive studies on peroxisome biology. Peroxisomal defects are linkedto metabolic dysregulation in diverse human diseases, such as neurodegeneration and age-relateddisorders, revealing the significance of peroxisome metabolism in human health. Cancer is a diseasewith metabolic aberrations. Despite the critical role of peroxisomes in cell metabolism, the functionaleects of peroxisomes in cancer are not as well recognized as those of other metabolic organelles,such as mitochondria. In addition, the significance of peroxisomes in cancer is less appreciated thanit is in degenerative diseases. In this review, I summarize the metabolic pathways in peroxisomesand the dysregulation of peroxisome metabolism in cancer. In addition, I discuss the potential ofinactivating peroxisomes to target cancer metabolism, which may pave the way for more eectivecancer treatment.

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Voorn-Brouwer, Tineke, Astrid Kragt, Henk F. Tabak y Ben Distel. "Peroxisomal membrane proteins are properly targeted to peroxisomes in the absence of COPI- and COPII-mediated vesicular transport". Journal of Cell Science 114, n.º 11 (1 de junio de 2001): 2199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.11.2199.

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The classic model for peroxisome biogenesis states that new peroxisomes arise by the fission of pre-existing ones and that peroxisomal matrix and membrane proteins are recruited directly from the cytosol. Recent studies challenge this model and suggest that some peroxisomal membrane proteins might traffic via the endoplasmic reticulum to peroxisomes. We have studied the trafficking in human fibroblasts of three peroxisomal membrane proteins, Pex2p, Pex3p and Pex16p, all of which have been suggested to transit the endoplasmic reticulum before arriving in peroxisomes. Here, we show that targeting of these peroxisomal membrane proteins is not affected by inhibitors of COPI and COPII that block vesicle transport in the early secretory pathway. Moreover, we have obtained no evidence for the presence of these peroxisomal membrane proteins in compartments other than peroxisomes and demonstrate that COPI and COPII inhibitors do not affect peroxisome morphology or integrity. Together, these data fail to provide any evidence for a role of the endoplasmic reticulum in peroxisome biogenesis.

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Munck, Joanne M., Alison M. Motley, James M. Nuttall y Ewald H. Hettema. "A dual function for Pex3p in peroxisome formation and inheritance". Journal of Cell Biology 187, n.º 4 (9 de noviembre de 2009): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200906161.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pex3p has been shown to act at the ER during de novo peroxisome formation. However, its steady state is at the peroxisomal membrane, where its role is debated. Here we show that Pex3p has a dual function: one in peroxisome formation and one in peroxisome segregation. We show that the peroxisome retention factor Inp1p interacts physically with Pex3p in vitro and in vivo, and split-GFP analysis shows that the site of interaction is the peroxisomal membrane. Furthermore, we have generated PEX3 alleles that support peroxisome formation but fail to support recruitment of Inp1p to peroxisomes, and as a consequence are affected in peroxisome segregation. We conclude that Pex3p functions as an anchor for Inp1p at the peroxisomal membrane, and that this function is independent of its role at the ER in peroxisome biogenesis.

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Singin, Öznur, Artur Astapenka, Victor Costina, Sandra Kühl, Nina Bonekamp, Oliver Drews y Markus Islinger. "Analysis of the Mouse Hepatic Peroxisome Proteome—Identification of Novel Protein Constituents Using a Semi-Quantitative SWATH-MS Approach". Cells 13, n.º 2 (17 de enero de 2024): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells13020176.

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Ongoing technical and bioinformatics improvements in mass spectrometry (MS) allow for the identifying and quantifying of the enrichment of increasingly less-abundant proteins in individual fractions. Accordingly, this study reassessed the proteome of mouse liver peroxisomes by the parallel isolation of peroxisomes from a mitochondria- and a microsome-enriched prefraction, combining density-gradient centrifugation with a semi-quantitative SWATH-MS proteomics approach to unveil novel peroxisomal or peroxisome-associated proteins. In total, 1071 proteins were identified using MS and assessed in terms of their distribution in either high-density peroxisomal or low-density gradient fractions, containing the bulk of organelle material. Combining the data from both fractionation approaches allowed for the identification of specific protein profiles characteristic of mitochondria, the ER and peroxisomes. Among the proteins significantly enriched in the peroxisomal cluster were several novel peroxisomal candidates. Five of those were validated by colocalization in peroxisomes, using confocal microscopy. The peroxisomal import of HTATIP2 and PAFAH2, which contain a peroxisome-targeting sequence 1 (PTS1), could be confirmed by overexpression in HepG2 cells. The candidates SAR1B and PDCD6, which are known ER-exit-site proteins, did not directly colocalize with peroxisomes, but resided at ER sites, which frequently surrounded peroxisomes. Hence, both proteins might concentrate at presumably co-purified peroxisome-ER membrane contacts. Intriguingly, the fifth candidate, OCIA domain-containing protein 1, was previously described as decreasing mitochondrial network formation. In this work, we confirmed its peroxisomal localization and further observed a reduction in peroxisome numbers in response to OCIAD1 overexpression. Hence, OCIAD1 appears to be a novel protein, which has an impact on both mitochondrial and peroxisomal maintenance.

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Rapp, S., R. Saffrich, M. Anton, U. Jakle, W. Ansorge, K. Gorgas y W. W. Just. "Microtubule-based peroxisome movement". Journal of Cell Science 109, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1996): 837–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.109.4.837.

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The association of peroxisomes with cytoskeletal structures was investigated both by electron microscopy and by kinetic analysis of peroxisome movement. The morphological studies indicated distinct interactions of peroxisomes with microtubules and frequently revealed multiple contact sites. The kinetic approach utilised microinjection and import of fluorescein-labeled luciferase in order to mark and track peroxisomes in vivo. Peroxisomal motility was analysed by time-lapse imaging and fluorescence microscopy. According to their movement peroxisomes were classified into two groups. Group 1 peroxisomes comprising the majority of organelles at 37 degrees C moved slowly with an average velocity of 0.024 +/- 0.012 micron/second whereas the movement of group 2 peroxisomes, 10–15% of the total population, was saltatory exhibiting an average velocity of 0.26 +/- 0.17 micron/second with maximal values of more than 2 microns/second. Saltations were completely abolished by the microtubule-depolymerising drug nocodazole and were slightly reduced by about 25% by cytochalasin D which disrupts the actin microfilament system. Double fluorescence labeling of both peroxisomes and microtubules revealed peroxisome saltations linked to distinct microtubule tracks. Cellular depletion of endogenous levels of NTPs as well as the use of 5′-adenylylimidodiphosphate, a nonhydrolysable ATP analog, applied to a permeabilised cell preparation both completely blocked peroxisomal movement. These data suggest an ATPase dependent, microtubule-based mechanism of peroxisome movement. Both the intact and the permeabilised cell system presented in this paper for the first time allow kinetic measurements on peroxisomal motility and thus will be extremely helpful in the biochemical characterisation of the motor proteins involved.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Peroxisome"

Maxwell, Megan Amanda y n/a. "PEX1 Mutations in Australasian Patients with Disorders of Peroxisome Biogenesis". Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040219.100649.

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The peroxisome is a subcellular organelle that carries out a diverse range of metabolic functions, including the b-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, the breakdown of peroxide and the a-oxidation of fatty acids. Disruption of peroxisome metabolic functions leads to severe disease in humans. These diseases can be broadly grouped into two categories: those in which a single enzyme is defective, and those known as the peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), which result from a generalised failure to import peroxisomal matrix proteins (and consequently result in disruption of multiple metabolic pathways). The PBDs result from mutations in PEX genes, which encode protein products called peroxins, required for the normal biogenesis of the peroxisome. PEX1 encodes an AAA ATPase that is essential for peroxisome biogenesis, and mutations in PEX1 are the most common cause of PBDs worldwide. This study focused on the identification of mutations in PEX1 in an Australasian cohort of PBD patients, and the impact of these mutations on PEX1 function. As a result of the studies presented in this thesis, twelve mutations in PEX1 were identified in the Australasian cohort of patients. The identified mutations can be broadly grouped into three categories: missense mutations, mutations directly introducing a premature termination codon (PTC) and mutations that interrupt the reading frame of PEX1. The missense mutations that were identified were R798G, G843D, I989T and R998Q; all of these mutations affect amino acid residues located in the AAA domains of the PEX1 protein. Two mutations that directly introduce PTCs into the PEX1 transcript (R790X and R998X), and four frameshift mutations (A302fs, I370fs, I700fs and S797fs) were identified. There was also one mutation found in an intronic region (IVS22-19A>G) that is presumed to affect splicing of the PEX1 mRNA. Three of these mutations, G843D, I700fs and G973fs, were found at high frequency in this patient cohort. At the commencement of these studies, it was hypothesised that missense mutations would result in attenuation of PEX1 function, but mutations that introduced PTCs, either directly or indirectly, would have a deleterious effect on PEX1 function. Mutations introducing PTCs are thought to cause mRNA to be degraded by the nonsense-mediated decay of mRNA (NMD) pathway, and thus result in a decrease in PEX1 protein levels. The studies on the cellular impact of the identified PEX1 mutations were consistent with these hypotheses. Missense mutations were found to reduce peroxisomal protein import and PEX1 protein levels, but a residual level of function remained. PTC-generating mutations were found to have a major impact on PEX1 function, with PEX1 mRNA and protein levels being drastically reduced, and peroxisomal protein import capability abolished. Patients with two missense mutations showed the least impact on PEX1 function, patients with two PTC-generating mutations had a severe defect in PEX1 function, and patients carrying a combination of a missense mutation and a PTC-generating mutation showed levels of PEX1 function that were intermediate between these extremes. Thus, a correlation between PEX1 genotype and phenotype was defined for the Australasian cohort of patients investigated in these studies. For a number of patients, mutations in the coding sequence of one PEX1 allele could not be identified. Analysis of the 5' UTR of this gene was therefore pursued for potential novel mutations. The initial analyses demonstrated that the 5' end of PEX1 extended further than previously reported. Two co-segregating polymorphisms were also identified, termed 137 T>C and 53C>G. The -137T>C polymorphism resided in an upstream, in-frame ATG (termed ATG1), and the possibility that the additional sequence represented PEX1 coding sequence was examined. While both ATGs were found to be functional by virtue of in vitro and in vivo expression investigations, Western blot analysis of the PEX1 protein in patient and control cell extracts indicated that physiological translation of PEX1 was from the second ATG only. Using a luciferase reporter approach, the additional sequence was found to exhibit promoter activity. When examined alone the -137T>C polymorphism exerted a detrimental effect on PEX1 promoter activity, reducing activity to half that of wild-type levels, and the -53C>G polymorphism increased PEX1 promoter activity by 25%. When co-expressed (mimicking the physiological condition) these polymorphisms compensated for each other to bring PEX1 promoter activity to near wild-type levels. The PEX1 mutations identified in this study have been utilised by collaborators at the National Referral Laboratory for Lysosomal, Peroxisomal and Related Genetic Disorders (based at the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide), in prenatal diagnosis of the PBDs. In addition, the identification of three common mutations in Australasian PBD patients has led to the implementation of screening for these mutations in newly referred patients, often enabling a precise diagnosis of a PBD to be made. Finally, the strong correlation between genotype and phenotype for the patient cohort investigated as part of these studies has generated a basis for the assessment of newly identified mutations in PEX1.

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Maxwell, Megan Amanda. "PEX1 Mutations in Australasian Patients with Disorders of Peroxisome Biogenesis". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366184.

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The peroxisome is a subcellular organelle that carries out a diverse range of metabolic functions, including the b-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, the breakdown of peroxide and the a-oxidation of fatty acids. Disruption of peroxisome metabolic functions leads to severe disease in humans. These diseases can be broadly grouped into two categories: those in which a single enzyme is defective, and those known as the peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), which result from a generalised failure to import peroxisomal matrix proteins (and consequently result in disruption of multiple metabolic pathways). The PBDs result from mutations in PEX genes, which encode protein products called peroxins, required for the normal biogenesis of the peroxisome. PEX1 encodes an AAA ATPase that is essential for peroxisome biogenesis, and mutations in PEX1 are the most common cause of PBDs worldwide. This study focused on the identification of mutations in PEX1 in an Australasian cohort of PBD patients, and the impact of these mutations on PEX1 function. As a result of the studies presented in this thesis, twelve mutations in PEX1 were identified in the Australasian cohort of patients. The identified mutations can be broadly grouped into three categories: missense mutations, mutations directly introducing a premature termination codon (PTC) and mutations that interrupt the reading frame of PEX1. The missense mutations that were identified were R798G, G843D, I989T and R998Q; all of these mutations affect amino acid residues located in the AAA domains of the PEX1 protein. Two mutations that directly introduce PTCs into the PEX1 transcript (R790X and R998X), and four frameshift mutations (A302fs, I370fs, I700fs and S797fs) were identified. There was also one mutation found in an intronic region (IVS22-19A>G) that is presumed to affect splicing of the PEX1 mRNA. Three of these mutations, G843D, I700fs and G973fs, were found at high frequency in this patient cohort. At the commencement of these studies, it was hypothesised that missense mutations would result in attenuation of PEX1 function, but mutations that introduced PTCs, either directly or indirectly, would have a deleterious effect on PEX1 function. Mutations introducing PTCs are thought to cause mRNA to be degraded by the nonsense-mediated decay of mRNA (NMD) pathway, and thus result in a decrease in PEX1 protein levels. The studies on the cellular impact of the identified PEX1 mutations were consistent with these hypotheses. Missense mutations were found to reduce peroxisomal protein import and PEX1 protein levels, but a residual level of function remained. PTC-generating mutations were found to have a major impact on PEX1 function, with PEX1 mRNA and protein levels being drastically reduced, and peroxisomal protein import capability abolished. Patients with two missense mutations showed the least impact on PEX1 function, patients with two PTC-generating mutations had a severe defect in PEX1 function, and patients carrying a combination of a missense mutation and a PTC-generating mutation showed levels of PEX1 function that were intermediate between these extremes. Thus, a correlation between PEX1 genotype and phenotype was defined for the Australasian cohort of patients investigated in these studies. For a number of patients, mutations in the coding sequence of one PEX1 allele could not be identified. Analysis of the 5' UTR of this gene was therefore pursued for potential novel mutations. The initial analyses demonstrated that the 5' end of PEX1 extended further than previously reported. Two co-segregating polymorphisms were also identified, termed –137 T>C and –53C>G. The -137T>C polymorphism resided in an upstream, in-frame ATG (termed ATG1), and the possibility that the additional sequence represented PEX1 coding sequence was examined. While both ATGs were found to be functional by virtue of in vitro and in vivo expression investigations, Western blot analysis of the PEX1 protein in patient and control cell extracts indicated that physiological translation of PEX1 was from the second ATG only. Using a luciferase reporter approach, the additional sequence was found to exhibit promoter activity. When examined alone the -137T>C polymorphism exerted a detrimental effect on PEX1 promoter activity, reducing activity to half that of wild-type levels, and the -53C>G polymorphism increased PEX1 promoter activity by 25%. When co-expressed (mimicking the physiological condition) these polymorphisms compensated for each other to bring PEX1 promoter activity to near wild-type levels. The PEX1 mutations identified in this study have been utilised by collaborators at the National Referral Laboratory for Lysosomal, Peroxisomal and Related Genetic Disorders (based at the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide), in prenatal diagnosis of the PBDs. In addition, the identification of three common mutations in Australasian PBD patients has led to the implementation of screening for these mutations in newly referred patients, often enabling a precise diagnosis of a PBD to be made. Finally, the strong correlation between genotype and phenotype for the patient cohort investigated as part of these studies has generated a basis for the assessment of newly identified mutations in PEX1.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences
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Stroobants, An Karin. "Studies on peroxisome biogenesis". [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/60799.

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Li, Xiaoling. "Peroxisome proliferation and division". Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3080712.

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Liu, Xiaoxi. "BEYOND PEROXISOME: ABCD2 MODIFIES PPARα SIGNALING AND IDENTIFIES A SUBCLASS OF PEROXISOMES IN MOUSE ADIPOSE TISSUE". UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/41.

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ABCD2 (D2) has been proposed as a peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA transporter that is essential for very long chain fatty acid metabolism. In the livers of mice, D2 is highly induced by fenofibrate, a PPARα ligand that has been widely used as a lipid lowering agent in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia. To determine if D2 is a modifier of fibrate responses, wild-type and D2 deficient mice were treated with fenofibrate for 14 days. The absence of D2 altered expression of gene clusters associated with lipid metabolism, including PPARα signaling. Using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which express high levels of D2, we confirmed that knock-down of D2 modified genomic responses to fibrate treatment. We next evaluated the impact of D2 on effects of fibrates in a mouse model of dietinduced obesity. Fenofibrate treatment opposed the development of obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. However, these effects were unaffected by D2 genotype. We concluded that D2 can modulate genomic responses to fibrates, but that these effects are not sufficiently robust to alter the effects of fibrates on diet-induced obesity phenotypes. Although proposed as a peroxisomal transporter, the intracellular localization of D2, especially in adipose tissue, has not been validated with direct experimental evidence. Sequential centrifugation of mouse adipose homogenates generated a fraction enriched with D2, but lacked well-known peroxisome markers including catalase, PEX19, and ABCD3 (D3). Electron microscopic imaging of this fraction confirmed the presence of D2 protein on an organelle with evidence of a dense matrix and a diameter of ~200 nm, the typical structure and size of a microperoxisome. D2 and PEX19 antibodies recognized distinct structures in mouse adipose. Immunoisolation of the D2-containing compartment from adipose tissue confirmed the scarcity of PEX19. Proteomic profiling of the D2 compartment revealed the presence of proteins associated peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondria. We conclude that D2 is localized to a distinct subclass of peroxisomes that lack many peroxisome proteins and may physically associate with mitochondria and the ER.

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Sadeghi, Azadi Afsoon. "Identification and characterization of novel signalling pathways involved in peroxisome proliferation in humans". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33738.

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Peroxisomes represent crucial subcellular compartments for human life and health. They are remarkably dynamic organelles which respond to stimulation by adapting their structure, abundance, and metabolic functions according to cellular needs. Peroxisomes can form from pre-existing organelles by membrane growth and division, which results in peroxisome multiplication/proliferation. Growth and division in mammalian cells follows a well-defined multi-step process of morphological alterations including elongation/remodeling of the peroxisomal membrane (by PEX11β), constriction and recruitment of division factors (e.g. Fis1, MFF), and final membrane scission (by the dynamin-related GTPase Drp1) (Chapter 1). Although our understanding of the mechanisms by which peroxisomes proliferate is increasing, our knowledge on how the division/multiplication process is linked to extracellular signals is limited, in particular in humans. The classical pathway involved in peroxisome proliferation is mediated by a family of ligand-activated transcription factors known as peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) (Chapter 1). This project focused on identifying novel signaling pathways and associated factors involved in peroxisome proliferation in humans. In this study, a cell-based peroxisome proliferation assay using the HepG2 cell model with spherical peroxisomal forms has been developed to investigate different stimuli and their ability to induce peroxisome proliferation (Chapters 2 and 3). In this system, peroxisome elongation has been used as the read-out for peroxisome 4 proliferation. We also showed that the number of peroxisomes increased after division of elongated peroxisomes indicating peroxisome proliferation. Different stimuli, such as fatty acids, PPAR agonists and antagonists, have been used in this study. PPAR agonists and antagonists had no stimulatory or inhibitory effect on peroxisome elongation in our assay, suggesting PPAR-independent regulatory processes. However, arachidonic acid and linoleic acid were able to induce peroxisome elongation, whereas palmitic acid and oleic acid were not effective. These findings indicate that general stimulation of fatty acid β-oxidation is not sufficient to induce peroxisome elongation/proliferation in HepG2 cells. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of peroxismal genes have been monitored during a time course in the HepG2 cell-based assay by qPCR. This analysis shows a regulation of expression of peroxins during peroxisome proliferation in human cells and suggests differences in the regulation pattern of PEX11α and PEX11β. In Chapter 4, motif binding sites for transcription factors in peroxisomal genes were analyzed. An initial map of candidate regulatory motif sites across the human peroxisomal genes has been developed (Secondment at the University of Sevilla, Spain with Prof. D. Devos). This analysis also revealed the presence of different transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of PEX11α and PEX11β, supporting different regulatory mechanisms. Based on the computational analysis, PEX11β contained a putative SMAD2/3 binding site suggesting a novel link between the canonical TGFβ signaling pathway and expression of PEX11β, a key regulator of peroxisome dynamics and proliferation. 5 Addition of TGFβ to HepG2 cells cultured under serum-free conditions induced elongation/growth of peroxisomes as well as peroxisome proliferation supporting a role for TGFβ signalling in peroxisomal growth and division (Chapter 5). Furthermore, to demonstrate that this induction is through a direct effect of TFGβ on the SMAD binding site found in PEX11β, we performed functional studies using a dual luciferase reporter assay with PEX11β wild type and mutated promoter regions (Secondment at Amsterdam Medical Center, Netherlands with Prof. H. Waterham). Whereas luciferase activity was induced by TGFβ stimulation with the PEX11β wild type promoter, mutation of the SMAD binding site abolished activation. In summary, this study revealed a new signaling pathway involved in peroxisome proliferation in humans and provided a tool to monitor peroxisome morphology and gene expression upon treatment with defined stimuli. Furthermore, I contributed to a study revealing that ER-peroxisome contacts are important for peroxisome elongation (Chapter 6). Our group identified peroxisomal acyl-CoA binding domain protein 5 (ACBD5), ACBD4 and VABP as a molecular linker between peroxisomes and the ER (Costello et al., 2017). Motif analysis of ACBD4 and ACBD5 promoter regions revealed that unlike PEX11β, these genes do not contain a binding site for SMAD, suggesting they are not co-regulated. Also, ACBD4 and ACBD5 do not share any common transcription factor binding sites suggesting different regulation. An interesting binding motif within the ACBD4 promoter is a glucocorticoid receptor binding site. In our study, we found potential glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in other peroxisomal genes encoding β-oxidation enzymes. This may suggest an important role for glucocorticoid receptors in activating expression of peroxisomal genes resulting in the stimulation of fatty acid breakdown and energy production.

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Bell, Alexander. "The molecular basis of peroxisome proliferation". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10395/.

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Characterisation of expression of functional Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptora (PPARalpha)receptor in rodent species responsive and non-responsive to peroxisome proliferators is important for our understanding of the molecular mechanism of peroxisome proliferation and peroxisome proliferator induced hepatocarcinogenesis. In vitro electromobility shift assays, demonstrated that rodent liver nuclear proteins (LNP) bound to a Peroxisome Proliferator Response Element (PPRE) in a sequence specific manner and that LNP from methylclofenapate (MCP) treated mice do not have enhanced binding to a PPRE. These results demonstrate that in MCP treated mice, PPAR alpha levels with functional DNA binding do not increase. The diurnal expression of mouse PPAR alpha (mPPARalpha) protein in liver was examined by western blotting. There was no observable difference in the expression of mPPARalpha across a 24 hour period. In C57 BL/6 mice, PPARalpha protein levels are not regulated in a diurnal manner. A comparison of mouse and guinea pig LNP revealed a PPARalpha-immunoreactive protein in guinea pig. Guinea Pig PPARalpha (gPPAR a) was cloned and found to encode a 467 amino acid protein. Phylogenetic analysis of gPPARalpha showed a high substition rate: maximum likelihood analysis was consistent with rodent monophyly, but could not exclude rodent polyphyly (p~0.07). The gPPAR alpha cDNA was expressed in 293 cells, and mediated the induction of the luciferase reporter gene by the peroxisome proliferator Wy-14,643, dependent upon the presence of a PPRE. The gPPAR alpha mRNA and protein was expressed in guinea pig liver, although at lower levels compared to PPAR alpha expression in mice. The evidence presented here supports the idea that guinea pigs serve as a useful model for human responses to peroxisome proliferators. mPPAR alpha DNA binding domain (mPPARalpha-DBD) was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein. Both His*6-mPPARalpha-DBD and thioredoxin-mPPARalpha-DBD were produced as insoluble proteins when over expressed in E.coli. In vitro translated mPPAR alpha-DBD did not bind to a PPRE in an electromobility shift assay.

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Yaacob, Nik Soriani. "Molecular cell biology of peroxisome proliferators". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244831.

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Castro, Ines Gomes Oliveira. "Tail-anchored proteins at peroxisomes : identification of MIRO1 as a novel peroxisomal motility factor". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24657.

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Peroxisomes are dynamic and multifunctional organelles, which are essential for human health and development. They are remarkably diverse, with functions that vary significantly between cells and organisms, and can dramatically change their size, shape and dynamics in response to cellular cues. In the past few years, several studies have significantly increased our understanding of the basic principles that enable peroxisome biogenesis and degradation, as well as their pivotal role in cellular signalling and homeostasis. However, several of these processes are still poorly understood. In this thesis we initially studied the peroxisome targeting mechanism of a group of C-terminally anchored membrane proteins, known as tail-anchored (TA) proteins. In order to investigate the molecular signals that enable TA protein targeting to cellular organelles, we analysed the physicochemical properties of a cohort of TA proteins both in silico and in vivo, and show that a combination of transmembrane domain (TMD) hydrophobicity and C-terminal tail charge determines organelle-specific targeting. Focusing on peroxisomes, we demonstrate that a balance between TMD hydrophobicity and high positive tail charge directs TA proteins to this organelle, and enables binding to the peroxisomal chaperone PEX19. These results allowed us to create a bioinformatical tool to predict the targeting of uncharacterised TA proteins and further develop our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the targeting of this protein group. From our initial TA protein screen, we identified the TA protein MIRO1 at peroxisomes and looked at its role in the regulation of peroxisome motility. We show that endogenous MIRO1 localises to mitochondria and peroxisomes, and that dual targeting depends on the C-terminal tail. MIRO1 expression significantly increased peroxisome motility in several cell lines, and revealed a role for motility in peroxisome dynamics, by inducing organelle proliferation and elongation. These results reveal a new molecular complex at peroxisomes and provide us with a tool to further dissect the role of motility on peroxisome function.

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Anderson, Steven P. "Gene modulation during peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatocarcinogenesis". NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20011101-131940.

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ANDERSON, STEVEN PAUL. Gene modulation in peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. (Under the direction of Russell C. Cattley and John M. Cullen). Recognition that peroxisome proliferator chemicals are potent hepatic mitogens and carcinogens in rats and mice has generated concern about possible human health risks associated with exposure to several of these chemicals, many of which have medical or commercial utility. Our broad objective was to improve the estimation of human health risk following peroxisome proliferator exposure by defining a subset of the molecular events associated with the rodent tumors. Our working hypothesis was that peroxisome proliferator-induced tumors in rodents result from specific, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a(Ppara)-modulated changes in gene expression. The research was directed toward three specific aims. First, we sought to identify genes associated with hepatocarcinogenesis induced by the peroxisome proliferator, Wy-14, 643, in the rat. The principle conclusion of these studies - that peroxisome proliferators dysregulate expression of hepatic acute-phase protein genes - suggested possible perturbations in cytokine signaling networks that also regulate cell growth. Second, although Ppara is necessary for the rodent hepatocarcinogenesis induced by peroxisome proliferators, we were interested in identifying more proximate mediators of the increased cell proliferation. Thus, we examined cytokine signaling in mice treated with peroxisome proliferators. We found that peroxisome proliferator-induced increases in cell proliferation is not mediated via Tnfasignaling, but instead may be mediated through interleukin-1b or interleukin-6. Third, because Ppara is necessary for the cell proliferation that follows peroxisome proliferator exposure, we hypothesized that the receptor may play a role in hepatocellular proliferation induced by other stimuli. Following partial hepatectomy, liver regeneration in Ppara-null mice is transiently impaired, and may result from altered expression of genes regulating the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint in hepatocytes from these mice. Overall, our studies suggest that hepatic Ppara activation (1) alters inflammatory mediators, (2) modulates several potentially mitogenic cytokines, and (3) is necessary for normal liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Our data, compared with data from similar experiments on human hepatocytes, may provide further clues about the differences and similarities between peroxisome proliferator exposure in humans and laboratory animals.

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Libros sobre el tema "Peroxisome"

Lizard, Gérard, ed. Peroxisome Biology: Experimental Models, Peroxisomal Disorders and Neurological Diseases. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60204-8.

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Youssef, Jihan A. y Mostafa Z. Badr. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-420-3.

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Denis, Crane, ed. The peroxisome: A vital organelle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Badr, Mostafa Z. y Jihan A. Youssef, eds. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-155-4.

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Youssef, Jihan A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Discovery and recent advances. New York: Humana Press, 2013.

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Nwosu, Victor Ugo. Peroxisome enzymes in animal models of obesity. Wolverhampton: The Polytechnic, Wolverhampton, School of Applied Sciences, 1988.

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Brocard, Cecile y Andreas Hartig, eds. Molecular Machines Involved in Peroxisome Biogenesis and Maintenance. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1788-0.

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E, Moody David, ed. Peroxisome proliferators: Unique inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1994.

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Fruchart, J. C., A. M. Gotto, R. Paoletti, B. Staels y A. L. Catapano, eds. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors: From Basic Science to Clinical Applications. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1171-7.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Peroxisome"

Amils, Ricardo. "Peroxisome". En Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1222. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1173.

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Amils, Ricardo. "Peroxisome". En Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1848–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1173.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Peroxisome". En Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 914. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14462.

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Amils, Ricardo. "Peroxisome". En Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1173-2.

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Amils, Ricardo. "Peroxisome". En Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 2261. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65093-6_1173.

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Pavelka, Margit y Jürgen Roth. "Peroxisome Biogenesis". En Functional Ultrastructure, 134–35. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_70.

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Roels, Frank, Jean-Marie Saudubray, Marisa Giros, Hanna Mandel, FranÇois Eyskens, Nieves Saracibar, BegoÑA Atares Pueyo et al. "Peroxisome Mosaics". En Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 97–106. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9072-3_14.

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Kawaguchi, Kosuke y Tsuneo Imanaka. "Peroxisome Biogenesis". En Peroxisomes: Biogenesis, Function, and Role in Human Disease, 15–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1169-1_2.

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Carroll, Mark. "The Peroxisome". En Organelles, 116–29. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19781-1_7.

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Honsho, Masanori, Kanji Okumoto, Shigehiko Tamura y Yukio Fujiki. "Peroxisome Biogenesis Disorders". En Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 45–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60204-8_4.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Peroxisome"

Sturk, A., M. C. L. Schaap, A. Prins Heymans, J. W. ten Cate, R. J. A. Wanders, H. S. A. Heymans, R. B. H. Schutgens y H. van den Bosch. "SEVERELY IMPAIRED SYNTHESIS OF PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR IN CHONDRO DYSPLASIA PUNCTATA RHIZOMELIA PATIENTS". En XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642883.

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The first steps of the de novo synthesis of alkoxyether lipids, like plasmalogens and platelet activating factor (PAF) are localized in the peroxisome. We have previously reported the severely impaired PAF synthesis in Zellweger patients. These patients lack cytochemically detectable peroxisomes, and have a severely impaired alkoxyether lipid synthesis. However, chondro dysplasia punctata (CDP) patients have also been shown to have an impaired alkoxyether lipid synthesis. We therefore investigated PAF synthesis in CDP patients.Platelets and leucocytes were isolated from 3 CDP patients. Leucocytes from normal controls produced 4678 ± 2033 pMoles PAF/10 cells (n=6, range 1698-7058) when optimally stimulated with Ca2+-ionophore A23187. Normal control platelets produced 0.6 ± 0.3 pMoles PAF/10 cells (n=6, range 0.3-1.0) when optimally stimulated with thrombin. PAF synthesis by the leucocytes of the patients was severely reduced, but detectable. Leucocytes from patient 1, 2 and 3 synthesized 9, 660 and 325 pMoles PAF/10 cells respectively. Platelets from the patients 1, 2 and 3 synthesized 0.1, 0.2 and 0.2 pMoles PAF/10 cells respectively.Platelet aggregation, induced by ADP, PAF, or thrombin (also in the presence of inhibitors of the first and second pathway of platelet activation) was normal.We conclude that PAF synthesis is severely impaired in leucocytes and reduced in platelets from CDP patients. The residual platelet PAF synthesis may suffice to warrant normal platelet functioning.

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Smith, Steven G., Roma Sehmi, Karen Howie, Richard M. Watson, Heather Campbell, George Obminski y Gail M. Gauvreau. "Effects Of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) On Eosinophil Migration". En American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a2787.

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Lai, Y., SS Pullamsetti, N. Weissmann, HA Ghofrani, R. Voswinckel, W. Seeger, F. Grimminger y RT Schermuly. "Treprostinil Mediated Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Pulmonary Hypertension." En American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a1807.

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Woods, C. G., W. Tak, M. B. Kadiiska, R. P. Mason, M. L. Cunningham y I. R. Rusyn. "Molecular Source of Peroxisome Proliferator-Induced Free Radicals in Rodent Liver". En Minority Trainee Research Forum, 2004. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.148.

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Pollock, Claire B., Yuzhi Yin, Hongyan Yuan, Xiao Zeng, Sruthi King, Levy Kopelovich y Robert I. Glazer. "Abstract 3263: Acceleration of mammary tumorigenesis by PDK1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorδ". En Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3263.

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Wang, Dingzhi, Lixia Guo, Wei Ning, Hong Wu, Rupesh Chaturved, Keith Wilson y Raymond N. DuBois. "Abstract 1519: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ≤ promotes colonic inflammation and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis". En Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-1519.

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Reddy, Aravind T., Sowmya L. Polu, Jennifer M. Kleinhenz, C. M. Hart y Raju C. Reddy. "Endothelial Cell Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Protects Against Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury". En American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2098.

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Kilgore, MW, YY Zaytseva, X. Wang y RC Southard. "Targeting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma one in the treatment of breast cancer." En CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-3055.

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Wu, Lingyan, Cong Yan, Peng Qu, Xuemei Lian, Guixue Wang y Hong Du. "Overexpression Of Dominant Negative Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-g Causes Pulmonary Inflammation And Emphysema". En American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a2767.

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Zhou, Jie, Lifeng Tian, Mathew C. Casimiro, Richard G. Pestell y Chenguang Wang. "Abstract 1720: Activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ mutant promotes tumor growthin vivoby enhancing angiogenesis". En Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-1720.

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Informes sobre el tema "Peroxisome"

DeLoache, William, Zachary Russ, Jennifer Samson y John Dueber. Repurposing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae peroxisome for compartmentalizing multi-enzyme pathways. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1394729.

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Tarr, Melinda J. y Larry E. Mathes. Investigation of the Hepatotoxic and Immunotoxic Effects of the Peroxisome Proliferator Perfluorodecanoic Acid. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, abril de 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250176.

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Frazier, Donald E. y Melinda J. Tarr. Investigation of the Hepatotoxic and Immunotoxic Effects of the Peroxisome Proliferator Perfluorodecanoic Acid. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, abril de 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237787.

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Friedman, Haya, Chris Watkins, Susan Lurie y Susheng Gan. Dark-induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and Inhibition by Gibberellins: Towards Inhibition of Postharvest Senescence. United States Department of Agriculture, diciembre de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7613883.bard.

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Dark-induced senescence could pose a major problem in export of various crops including cuttings. The assumption of this work was that ROS which is increased at a specific organelle can serve as a signal for activation of cell senescence program. Hormones which reduce senescence in several crops like gibberellic acid (GA) and possibly cytokinin (CK) may reduce senescence by inhibiting this signal. In this study we worked on Pelargonium cuttings as well as Arabidopsis rosette. In Pelargonium the increase in ROS occurred concomitantly with increase in two SAGs, and the increase persisted in isolated chloroplasts. In Arabidopsis we used two recentlydeveloped technologies to examine these hypotheses; one is a transcriptome approach which, on one hand, enabled to monitor expression of genes within the antioxidants network, and on the other hand, determine organelle-specific ROS-related transcriptome footprint. This last approach was further developed to an assay (so called ROSmeter) for determination of the ROS-footprint resulting from defined ROS stresses. The second approach involved the monitoring of changes in the redox poise in different organelles by measuring fluorescence ratio of redox-sensitive GFP (roGFP) directed to plastids, mitochondria, peroxisome and cytoplasm. By using the roGFP we determined that the mitochondria environment is oxidized as early as the first day under darkness, and this is followed by oxidation of the peroxisome on the second day and the cytoplast on the third day. The plastids became less oxidized at the first day of darkness and this was followed by a gradual increase in oxidation. The results with the ROS-related transcriptome footprint showed early changes in ROS-related transcriptome footprint emanating from mitochondria and peroxisomes. Taken together these results suggest that the first ROS-related change occurred in mitochondria and peroxisomes. The analysis of antioxidative gene’s network did not yield any clear results about the changes occurring in antioxidative status during extended darkness. Nevertheless, there is a reduction in expression of many of the plastids antioxidative related genes. This may explain a later increase in the oxidation poise of the plastids, occurring concomitantly with increase in cell death. Gibberellic acid (GA) prevented senescence in Pelargonium leaves; however, in Arabidopsis it did not prevent chlorophyll degradation, but prevented upregulation of SAGs (Apendix Fig. 1). Gibberellic acid prevented in Pelargonium the increase in ROS in chloroplast, and we suggested that this prevents the destruction of the chloroplasts and hence, the tissue remains green. In Arabidopsis, reduction in endogenous GA and BA are probably not causing dark-induced senescence, nevertheless, these materials have some effect at preventing senescence. Neither GA nor CK had any effect on transcriptome footprint related to ROS in the various organelles, however while GA reduced expression of few general ROS-related genes, BA mainly prevented the decrease in chloroplasts genes. Taken together, GA and BA act by different pathways to inhibit senescence and GA might act via ROS reduction. Therefore, application of both hormones may act synergistically to prevent darkinduced senescence of various crops.

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Allred, Clinton D. Defining the Molecular Actions of Dietary Fatty Acids in Breast Cancer: Selective Modulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, mayo de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437097.

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Allred, Clinton D. y Michael W. Kilgore. Defining the Molecular Actions of Dietary Fatty Acids in Breast Cancer: Selective Modulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, diciembre de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada463408.

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Allred, Clinton D. y Michael W. Kilgore. Defining the Molecular Actions of Dietary Fatty Acids in Breast Cancer: Selective Modulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Addendum. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, mayo de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada484949.

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Katzenellenbogen, John, A. Novel Chemical Strategies for Labeling Small Molecule Ligands for Androgen, Progestin, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors for Imaging Prostate and Breast Cancer and the Heart. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), abril de 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/902426.

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Droby, Samir, Michael Wisniewski, Ron Porat y Dumitru Macarisin. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Tritrophic Interactions in Postharvest Biocontrol Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, diciembre de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7594390.bard.

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To elucidate the role of ROS in the tri-trophic interactions in postharvest biocontrol systems a detailed molecular and biochemical investigation was undertaken. The application of the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola, microarray analysis was performed on grapefruit surface wounds using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. the data indicated that 1007 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes following wounding and yeast application relative to wounded controls. The expression of the genes encoding Respiratory burst oxidase (Rbo), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), G-proteins, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). In contrast, three genes, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were down-regulated in grapefruit peel tissue treated with yeast cells. The yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate relatively high levels of super oxide anion (O2−) following its interaction with wounded fruit surface. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H2O2 accumulation in host tissue. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H₂O₂ production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases. Effect of ROS on yeast cells was also studied. Pretreatment of the yeast, Candida oleophila, with 5 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min (sublethal) increased yeast tolerance to subsequent lethal levels of oxidative stress (50 mM H₂O₂), high temperature (40 °C), and low pH (pH 4). Suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was used to identify genes expressed in yeast in response to sublethal oxidative stress. Transcript levels were confirmed using semi quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Seven antioxidant genes were up regulated. Pretreatment of the yeast antagonist Candida oleophila with glycine betaine (GB) increases oxidative stress tolerance in the microenvironment of apple wounds. ROS production is greater when yeast antagonists used as biocontrol agents are applied in the wounds. Compared to untreated control yeast cells, GB-treated cells recovered from the oxidative stress environment of apple wounds exhibited less accumulation of ROS and lower levels of oxidative damage to cellular proteins and lipids. Additionally, GB-treated yeast exhibited greater biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea, and faster growth in wounds of apple fruits compared to untreated yeast. The expression of major antioxidant genes, including peroxisomal catalase, peroxiredoxin TSA1, and glutathione peroxidase was elevated in the yeast by GB treatment. A mild heat shock (HS) pretreatment (30 min at 40 1C) improved the tolerance of M. fructicola to subsequent high temperature (45 1C, 20–30 min) and oxidative stress (0.4 mol-¹) hydrogen peroxide, 20–60 min). HS-treated yeast cells showed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than non-treated cells in response to both stresses. Additionally, HS-treated yeast exhibited significantly greater (P≥0.0001) biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and a significantly faster (Po0.0001) growth rate in wounds of apple fruits stored at 25 1C compared with the performance of untreated yeast cells. Transcription of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS1) was up regulated in response to HS and trehalose content also increased.

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Fluhr, Robert y Maor Bar-Peled. Novel Lectin Controls Wound-responses in Arabidopsis. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697123.bard.

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Innate immune responses in animals and plants involve receptors that recognize microbe-associated molecules. In plants, one set of this defense system is characterized by large families of TIR–nucleotide binding site–leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) resistance genes. The direct interaction between plant proteins harboring the TIR domain with proteins that transmit and facilitate a signaling pathway has yet to be shown. The Arabidopsis genome encodes TIR-domain containing genes that lack NBS and LRR whose functions are unknown. Here we investigated the functional role of such protein, TLW1 (TIR LECTIN WOUNDRESPONSIVE1). The TLW1 gene encodes a protein with two domains: a TIR domain linked to a lectin-containing domain. Our specific aim in this proposal was to examine the ramifications of the TL1-glycan interaction by; A) The functional characterization of TL1 activity in the context of plant wound response and B) Examine the hypothesis that wounding induced specific polysaccharides and examine them as candidates for TL-1 interactive glycan compounds. The Weizmann group showed TLW1 transcripts are rapidly induced by wounding in a JA-independent pathway and T-DNA-tagged tlw1 mutants that lack TLW1 transcripts, fail to initiate the full systemic wound response. Transcriptome methodology analysis was set up and transcriptome analyses indicates a two-fold reduced level of JA-responsive but not JA-independent transcripts. The TIR domain of TLW1 was found to interact directly with the KAT2/PED1 gene product responsible for the final b-oxidation steps in peroxisomal-basedJA biosynthesis. To identify potential binding target(s) of TL1 in plant wound response, the CCRC group first expressed recombinant TL1 in bacterial cells and optimized conditions for the protein expression. TL1 was most highly expressed in ArcticExpress cell line. Different types of extraction buffers and extraction methods were used to prepare plant extracts for TL1 binding assay. Optimized condition for glycan labeling was determined, and 2-aminobenzamide was used to label plant extracts. Sensitivity of MALDI and LC-MS using standard glycans. THAP (2,4,6- Trihydroxyacetophenone) showed minimal background peaks at positive mode of MALDI, however, it was insensitive with a minimum detection level of 100 ng. Using LC-MS, sensitivity was highly increased enough to detect 30 pmol concentration. However, patterns of total glycans displayed no significant difference between different extraction conditions when samples were separated with Dionex ICS-2000 ion chromatography system. Transgenic plants over-expressing lectin domains were generated to obtain active lectin domain in plant cells. Insertion of the overexpression construct into the plant genome was confirmed by antibiotic selection and genomic DNA PCR. However, RT-PCR analysis was not able to detect increased level of the transcripts. Binding ability of azelaic acid to recombinant TL1. Azelaic acid was detected in GST-TL1 elution fraction, however, DHB matrix has the same mass in background signals, which needs to be further tested on other matrices. The major findings showed the importance of TLW1 in regulating wound response. The findings demonstrate completely novel and unexpected TIR domain interactions and reveal a control nexus and mechanism that contributes to the propagation of wound responses in Arabidopsis. The implications are to our understanding of the function of TIR domains and to the notion that early molecular events occur systemically within minutes of a plant sustaining a wound. A WEB site (http://genome.weizmann.ac.il/hormonometer/) was set up that enables scientists to interact with a collated plant hormone database.

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