Tesis sobre el tema "Permittivité relative (constante diélectrique)"
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Madi, Mohammed Zine Elabidine. "Permittivité des mélanges hétérogènes diélectriques à deux et à trois constituants". Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10346.
Texto completoIravani, Mohammad Ali. "Monitoring the remediation of coal tar in contaminated soil using electro-geophysical methods". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS330.
Texto completoDuring the past two decades, the remediating and monitoring of polluted sites have become an important issue. Among all geophysical techniques, electrical methods showed their ability to monitor clean-up programs in these sites. Spectral induced polarization (SIP) technique is a method in near surface geophysics to measure complex electrical resistivity of a medium in the frequency domain. The other geophysical method was used is time domain reflectometry (TDR) that has been developed to measure relative dielectric permittivity, water content and temperature in homogeneous or heterogeneous porous media. This thesis is a challenge to evaluate efficiency and potential of SIP and TDR for a long-term monitoring of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) recovery in contaminated porous media in the laboratory. Different sets of experiments designed to study the impacts of temperature and saturation changes on electrical complex resistivity and relative permittivity of saturated porous media on isothermal and non-isothermal conditions were examined in different 1D columns. The measurements were made with different couples of pollutants and fluids (i.e. coal tar/water, chlorinated solvent/water and canola oil/salty ethanol) in porous media simulated with glass beads of 1 mm diameter.Our findings concerning to temperature and saturation change show that experimental data of relative permittivity and complex resistivity obey empirical models validating our experimental setup and protocol. The results from the laboratory measurements will be used in the real conditions in field measurements in a remediation program
Gaillard, Sébastien. "Elaboration d'oxydes à forte constante diélectrique sur silicium par épitaxie par jets moléculaires". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/sgaillard.pdf.
Texto completoDownscaling of CMOS devices calls for an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of the gate dielectric less than 1 nm as wells as a low gate leakage current. LaAIO3 (LAO) perovskite oxide is a potential high-k dielectric candidate for the replacement of SiO2 in the sub-100 nm CMOS technology on Silicon. Among many possible deposition methods. Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) has shown to be an adequate technique for preparing high-k dielectrics because it can produce high quality crystalline films with atomically sharp interfaces. This work posed the bases of strategies "materials" which should make it possible to realize, in the future, of the epitaxial heterostructures oxides/Silicium answering the aims had in micro-electronics
Borvon, Gaël. "Élaboration par plasma d'hexaméthyldisiloxane de couches minces à faible constante diélectrique pour applications aux interconnexions en CMOS". Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2087.
Texto completoRaballand, Vanessa. "Gravure en plasma dense fluorocarboné de matériaux organosiliciés à faible constante diélectrique (SiOCH, SiOCH poreux) : étude d'un procédé de polarisation pulsée". Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2040.
Texto completoThis study concerns the etching of low permittivity methylsilsesquioxane materials, SiOCH and porous SiOCH, used as intermetal dielectric in microelectronics devices, with fluorocarbon inductively coupled plasma. Etching of SiO2 and SiCH, used as hard mask or etch stop layer is also studied. The aim is to obtain a high porous SiOCH etch rate with a high selectivity versus SiCH and SiO2. To reach this goal, the etching process has been modified : the bias voltage, and so the ion energy, is pulsed. This process provides excellent results concerning both etch rate and selectivity. To understand etch mechanisms of Si, SiCH, SiO2, SiOCH, and porous SiOCH in continuous and pulsed modes, surface analyses (XPS, ellipsometry) are coupled to plasma analyses (mass spectrometry, optical emission spectroscopy, planar probe). A model describing etch rates when a pulsed bias voltage is applied has been developed
Tchiakaka, Parfait. "Suivi en temps réel des caractéristiques diélectriques et magnétiques des matériaux traités dans un applicateur micro-onde". Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10090.
Texto completoIt is shown that the complex reflection coefficient of a microwave applicator is a bilinear function of the complex permittivity and permeability of the material which is inside the applicafor. After calibration this approximation can be used for calculating the electric and magnetic characteristics even if the geometric shape of the material and the electromagnetic spatial distribution are complicated and/or can not be calculated. The approximation can also be used for real time control of the physical or chemical processes induced by a microwave field inside the applicator
Naas, Abdelkrim. "Etude de l'oxyde de silicium implanté krypton ou xénon : évolution de la constante diélectrique". Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2059/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to get a deep insight of Kr and Xe-implanted amorphous SiO2 for its possible application as low-k material. This work is divided in two parts: Two sides are examined: a structural study by using several techniques (RBS, PL, MET et PAS) and investigation of the evolution of the dielectric constant by using IR spectroscopy with a dielectric function model developing and C-V measurements. From structural characterization, our main results confirm, in the case of Kr implantation, an homogeneous distribution for temperature up to 400°C. For Xe, the distribution profile is quasi-gaussian. Xe remains stable in SiO2 then desorbs completely at 1100°C. We demonstrated that Xe-bubbles are located at the projected range of vacancies (RPV) as simulated by SRIM. However, we also showed that if Xe dose is not higher enough to induce bubbles, Xe is located at RP. Such a behavior helps understanding the formation of Xe-bubbles in SiO2. We reported the presence of negative defects charge and the paramagnetic defects E'. These defects disappear after 750°C annealing. The shape of bubbles induced by both Kr and Xe is SiO2/Si interface dependent. They are spherically shaped when interface is closed and quite irregular when this one is far. Differences in Young Modulus of Si and SiO2 can probably explain such a behavior. IR and C-V measurements show that Xe and Kr implantation result in decreasing the dielectric constant value down to 2.8 in the Kr case and in the range 1.8-2.4 in the Xe case. The good agreement between k values provided by IR and C-V measurements clearly valids the fact that Kr or Xe-implantation in SiO2 is a powerful approach to building low-k dielectrics. With Xe leading to a higher decrease. This study has also pointed out the contribution of both the polarisability and the porosity in the reduction of the dielectric constant of the implanted SiO2
BELHADJ, TAHAR NOUR-EDDINE. "Méthode de mesure automatique large bande de la permittivité et de la conductibilité de matériaux : optimisation d'une cellule adaptée". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066447.
Texto completoCoulon, Pierre-Eugène. "Films minces d'oxydes à grande permittivité pour la nanoélectronique : organisation structurale et chimique et propriétés diélectriques". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/514/.
Texto completoDespite the considerable research work devoted since ten years to the study of new high permittivity (kappa) thin films for replacing silica in microelectronics, the relationships that exist between the structural/chemical and electrical properties of the films are not widely studied today. Thin Zr- and La-based oxide films, prepared by atomic layer deposition on silicon and/or germanium, are considered in this work. Quantitative parameters in relation with the organization at the nanometre level in the films and at the interfaces, determined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) operated on a modern electron microscope, are directly connected to electrical parameters such as kappa and Dit (interface state density). After annealing under vacuum, the La2O3 sesquioxide can be obtained with its high permittivity hexagonal phase (kappa ~ 27) but is not stable. It is hygroscopic and forms with the silicon substrate an extended amorphous interfacial layer silicate in composition. The LaxZr1-xO2-delta (x = 0. 2) ternary oxide is not hygroscopic. On a silicon substrate and with x ~ 0. 2, it is stabilized in the cubic structure (kappa ~ 30) with annealing and forms a silica-rich interfacial layer with a spatial extension limited to 1-2 nanometres. On a germanium substrate and with x ~ 0. 05, the ternary is stabilized with the high permittivity tetragonal structure (kappa ~ 40) due to germanium diffusion within the film and develops in direct contact with the substrate. Lanthanum is essentially present near the interface and forms a germanate that lowers the Dit. This work has been developed in line with the European program REALISE
El, Housni Abdallah. "Étude diélectrique de la flottation de la malachite par sulfuration". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10151.
Texto completoEname-Obiang, Paul Francis. "Utilisation des résonateurs hélicoïdaux comme cellules de mesures de la permittivité et comme applicateurs microondes pour le chauffage des matériaux". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10010.
Texto completoGalan-Malaga, Horacio. "Diffraction électromagnétique en puits de forage : approximations dipolaires et application au problème inverse". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112182.
Texto completoGonçalves, Maria Augusta. "Mise au point d'un logiciel général pour les lois de mélange des matériaux composites en vue de l'étude de leurs propriétés électromagnétiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_GONCALVES_M_A.pdf.
Texto completoAulagner, Emmanuel. "Elaboration et étude des propriétés diélectriques de films minces de polyfluorure de vinylidène et de polypropylène chargés d'une céramique à haute permittivité relative". Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4002.
Texto completoDi, Geronimo Camacho Elizabeth Carolina. "Synthesis, high-pressure study and dielectric characterization of two lead-free perovskite materials : SrTi1-xZrxO3 and KNb1-xTaxO3". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT208/document.
Texto completoPerovskite materials whose general chemical formula is ABO3 are one of the most study ferroelectrics due to the interesting properties that they have for technological applications. However, their properties are directly related to structural phase transitions that could depend of temperature, composition and pressure. In the studies presented here, we first examined the high-pressure behavior of two perovskite materials SrTi1-xZrxO3 (STZ) and KNb1-XTaXO3 (KNT), and we later continued to investigate different sintering techniques in order to improve the densification, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of K(Nb0.40Ta0.60)O3 and (KxNa1-x)Nb0.6Ta0.4O3 ceramics.High-pressure Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction investigations of SrTi1-xZrxO3 (x= 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7) and KNb1-XTaXO3 (x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.9) powders were conducted in diamond anvil cells. Raman scattering experiments showed and increased of Raman modes with pressure for the STZ samples, which indicates that pressure induced phase transitions towards lower symmetry for these compounds.Moreover, high pressure Raman spectroscopy experiments showed a decrease of the Raman modes as the pressure was increased for the KNT samples, showing that pressure induced phase transitions towards higher symmetries. The evolution of the main Raman modes for the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases were followed until the cubic phase was reach, and allowed us to propose a pressure-composition phase diagram for the KNT compounds.Three different sintering techniques, sintered aids, two step sintering and spark plasma sintering, were used on K(Nb0.4Ta0.6)O3 and (KxNa1-x)Nb0.6Ta0.4O3 ceramics. The use of KF as sintered aid and the two step sintering method showed an improvement of the dielectric constant and dielectric losses of these samples. SPS samples presented a fine microstructure with the highest density and the best ferroelectric behavior. We did not detect any changes on the Curie temperature due the amount of Na but and increase of the dielectric constant and the ferroelectric properties was observed due to the amount of Na
Pointet, John. "Elaboration et caractérisation de structures métal-isolant-métal à base de TiO2 déposé par Atomic Layer Deposition". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT089/document.
Texto completoThe requirements for future dynamic random access memory (DRAM) capacitors are summarized in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. For sub-22 nm node, performances like equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) < 0.5 nm and leakage current density < 1.10-7 A/cm² at 0.8 V are required but are difficult to meet. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an attractive dielectric material for such application regarding its high dielectric constant (k). Depending on its growth conditions, TiO2 can be prepared in amorphous, anatase or rutile phase. From the structural point of view, it is generally preferred that TiO2 remains amorphous throughout a complete technological process to minimize leakage transport along grain boundaries. However, the rutile phase exhibits very high dielectric constant ranging from 90 to 170, depending on the lattice orientation. Due to this high dielectric constant, TiO2 rutile phase is considered as a promising material for capacitors in future generations of Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAMs). A key issue is how to control the high leakage current of rutile phase while keeping the highest dielectric constant in order to get the best electrical performances. In this work, we investigate the growth of high dielectric constant rutile TiO2 films in Metal - Insulator - Metal (MIM) structures deposited on different substrates such as RuO2/Ru or Pt electrodes using ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition). A study of physico-chemical properties of TiO2 layer and influence of bottom electrodes on TiO2's crystalline structure is proposed. Different compositions of dielectrics are processed using flexibility of ALD deposition technique, including Al-doped TiO2 layers and pure TiO2 layers. Electrical properties in terms of leakage current or capacitance density of MIM structures embedding that kind of dielectrics and comparison between these MIM structures in terms of electrical performances is proposed in order to determine the best dielectric film composition to meet the requirements for next generation of DRAM capacitors
Sevrain, Pascal. "Étude de l'influence d'un champ électromagnétique intense sur la flottation aérobie de la fluorine et de la barytine". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10365.
Texto completoChaker, Ahmad. "Etude des structures MIM à base de dioxyde de titane pour des applications DRAM". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT007/document.
Texto completoThe development of high performance dynamic random access memory (DRAM) based on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure made it necessary to replace the conventional silicon dioxide layer by dielectric materials with high dielectric constants. The use of these so-called high-k insulators allows aggressive scaling of DRAM devices while keeping high capacitance density and, more importantly, low leakage current. Among the numerous high k dielectrics, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most attractive candidate due to its rather high dielectric constant (k). Rutile TiO2 is the interesting phase due to its high dielectric constant and the possibility to deposit this phase at low temperature by ALD (< 250 °C) by using RuO2 substrate thanks to a very small lattice mismatch between the two materials. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the surface chemical reactions mechanisms at the RuO2/TiO2 interface and their influence on the ALD TiO2 film properties, especially the influence of oxidizing species, namely, H2O or O2 plasma. The influence of bottom and top electrode on electrical and structural proprieties of TiO2 MIM structure was also studied. Then, the dielectric constant, the ac conductivity and the loss tangent of aluminum doped titanium oxide are measured through a wide band frequency range, from 1 Hz to 2 GHz. Finally, the feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) MIM structures was studied by using dense array of truncated conical holes etched in a silicon substrate. The 3D MIM capacitors showed a large increase in the capacitance density while retaining very good electrical properties especially a leakage current comparable to planar MIM devices
Alfonso, Marco Salvatore. "Liquid carbon dispersions for energy applications". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0240/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is to develop and study a new class of smart fluids made of colloidalcarbon-based dispersions, which are sensitive to an external stimulus for energy storage orconversion applications. The effect of an external input, such as mechanical vibration, humanmotion, variable pressure, flowing of a solvent, can alter the structures of such systems.Consequently these changes induce modifications of the dielectric and electrical properties. Usually,the suspensions of carbon materials are investigated at rest or dried. However, their flow behavior iscritical when new technologies, which exploit these materials in dynamic conditions such as FAES(Flow-Assisted Electrochemical Energy Storage) are considered. For example, graphene-basedmaterials are now playing a significant role in energy materials. They act as conductive additives inelectrode assemblies, but due to their specific anisotropic shape they also provide a new route toachieve dielectric liquid media.In details, Graphene Oxide liquid crystals as electrostrictive soft material for mechanical energyharvesting and Carbon black dispersions as percolated flowable electrodes for capacitive energystorage are investigated.In particular, the dielectric and electrical properties of these flowable dispersions are studied understatic and dynamic conditions. The effect of the flow-rate on the local orientation and reorganizationof the particles and their related dielectric and electrical behavior are examined
Hofheinz, Max. "Blocage de Coulomb dans les transistors silicium à base de nanofils". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131052.
Texto completoL'îlot de blocage de Coulomb n'est pas formé par des constrictions ou des barrières d'oxyde mais par une modulation du dopage et une grille couvrant la partie centrale du fil. Ces dispositifs sont des transistors mono-électroniques très stables et bien contrôlés.
Quand il ne contient que peu d'électrons, l'îlot est dans un régime localisé où l'espacement entre résonances de Coulomb est très irrégulier. A partir de quelques dizaines d'électrons l'îlot devient diffusif. Dans ce cas les fluctuations de l'espacement entre résonances sont petites et correspondent à l'espacement entre niveaux à une particule.
Le blocage de Coulomb contrôlé permet d'analyser les barrières formées par les parties faiblement dopées du fil. A petite échelle, le remplissage de dopants individuels cause des anomalies dans le spectre de Coulomb qui permettent de remonter à la matrice de capacité, la position approximative, la dynamique et le spin des dopants. A grande échelle l'augmentation de la densité électronique dans les barrières avec la tension de grille entraîne une forte augmentation de la constante diélectrique dans les barrières. Nous observons un bon accord entre constante diélectrique et conductance des barrières via les lois d'échelle de la transition métal-isolant.
Jégou, Carole. "Intégration d'un film mince de Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ dans une structure capacitive pour applications RF". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112322/document.
Texto completoFerroelectric materials are raising a lot of interest due to their physical properties such as piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity or high dielectric constant. Thus, they are generally integrated in micro- and nano-systems as thin films in a capacitive configuration. Especially, the lead zirconate titanate oxide (PZT) is an attractive material for capacitive RF applications due to its high dielectric constant. The growth of the PZT thin film has to be controlled on metallic electrodes for its integration on coplanar transmission lines. Moreover, electrical properties such as leakage current and ferroelectric behavior of PZT have to be monitored upon application of a dc voltage bias for RF device operation. In this context, PZT thin films were grown by the pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) on a La₀.₆₇Sr₀.₃₃MnO₃ (LSMO) / Pt (111) electrode on a monocrystalline sapphire substrate. The LSMO buffer layer is mandatory to avoid the formation of the paraelectric pyrochlore phase. The control of the crystalline orientation of the LSMO layer allows for the control of the PZT layer texture. Leakage currents through the Pt/PZT/LSMO/Pt stack were then studied in the 220-330K temperature range to determine the conduction mechanisms. A transition is evidenced between a bulk-controlled mechanism near room temperature and an interface-controlled mechanism at low temperature. A hopping mechanism is identified above 280K in line with the presence of extended defects and the columnar structure of the PZT layer. Several strategies were tested to control leakage currents. The first one consists in inserting an insulating oxide layer at the top Pt/PZT interface. In this way, charge injection was modified and leakage currents were reduced. The second strategy consists in changing the PZT layer bulk structure by elaborating a layered or columnar dielectric/PZT composite. Thus, an insulating oxide layer was inserted in the middle of the PZT layer and permitted to reduce leakage currents. Moreover, the control of the PZT nucleation allowed for the elaboration of a columnar PZT/pyrochlore composite. The leakage currents in this composite can be tuned through the pyrochlore pillars density among the ferroelectric matrix. Then, PZT and the heterostructures for leakage current control were integrated in a capacitive RF structure with gold coplanar transmission lines. RF performances in terms of isolation and insertion loss of these materials were studied and gave good results. In particular the heterostructures developed to control the leakage currents are promising for their integration in capacitive RF devices. Besides, I tried to extract the permittivity of PZT at high frequency with the PZT layer in a capacitive configuration. This study highlighted the essential modifications of the capacitive structure that have to be made in order to be able to exploit PZT properties at high frequency
Kader, Ammar. "Caractérisation et modélisation électromagnétique de multimatériaux composites : application aux structures automobiles". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0056.
Texto completoThe main concern of this thesis is the characterization of the impacts of some composite materials on the main electromagnetic compatibility issues in a vehicle. The surface models of the dielectric materials are validated by confronting their simulated and measured permittivity. The surface model of the studied conductive material is validated by confronting it to a wire model and by measuring and simulating the S parameters on a structure constituted by such a material. It appears in both cases of dielectric and conductive composite materials that the surface impedance modeling technique gives a good description of the materials. The analysis of the effects of these materials on the EMC issues within a vehicle is done by use of a demonstrator representing the car body. The different equipment and harnesses embedded in a vehicle are represented in the demonstrator by some wires and monopoles. The evaluation of the impact of the composite materials on the EMC issues is done by measuring and simulating the different couplings within the demonstrator and between the demonstrator and a test antenna. The analysis of the different couplings confirms that the surface impedance material modeling approach describes well the materials under test. Concerning the impact of the composite materials on the EMC issues at a vehicle level, this analysis fulfills two main results. The first one concerns the dielectric materials. Indeed the use of these materials increases the different coupling by a value varying between at least 5 dB to 30 dB. The second conclusion concerns the use of conductive composite materials. It appears that they have no effect on the different couplings in comparison to the full steel structure
Sylvestre, Alain. "Apport de la spectroscopie diélectrique basse fréquence dans l'analyse de matériaux isolants à forte permittivité". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651493.
Texto completoGourhant, Olivier. "Élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux à très faible constante diélectrique de type a-SiOCH élaborés par PECVD : application aux interconnexions des circuits intégrés". Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373417.
Texto completoGuillan, Julie. "Etude de capacités en couches minces à base d'oxydes métalliques à très forte constante diélectrique, BaTiO3, SrTiO3 et SrTiO3/BaTiO3 déposées par pulvérisation par faisceau d'ions". Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00141132.
Texto completoUne optimisation des dépôts à l'aide de plans d'expériences a été réalisée afin d'obtenir la constante diélectrique la plus élevée et ce, pour des températures d'élaboration les plus faibles possibles en vue de l'intégration des structures MIM sur les circuits intégrés.
Des analyses d'EXAFS, de XRR et d'AFM TUNA nous ont permis de comprendre l'influence de la microstructure des matériaux (taille de grain) et de la technologie d'élaboration des capacités (épaisseur de diélectrique, procédé de gravure de l'électrode supérieure et nature des électrodes) sur les propriétés des capacités MIM.
Une étude des multicouches SrTiO3/BaTiO3 a également été menée dans le but d'observer l'influence de la périodicité des empilements sur leurs propriétés électriques (constante diélectrique, linéarité en tension).