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1
Wadia, Reena. "The Prevention of Periodontitis." Dental Update 47, no. 10 (November 2, 2020): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2020.47.10.871.
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Prevention of periodontitis may be primary or secondary. This article summarizes the key steps involved, with a focus on oral hygiene practices, risk factor control, professional mechanical plaque removal and supportive periodontal therapy. CPD/Clinical Relevance: All dental professionals play a key role in the prevention of periodontitis.
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Rakic, Mia, Natasa Pejcic, Neda Perunovic, and Danilo Vojvodic. "A Roadmap towards Precision Periodontics." Medicina 57, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030233.
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Periodontitis is among the most common health conditions and represents a major public health issue related to increasing prevalence and seriously negative socioeconomic impacts. Periodontitis-associated low-grade systemic inflammation and its pathological interplay with systemic conditions additionally raises awareness on the necessity for highly performant strategies for the prevention and management of periodontitis. Periodontal diagnosis is the backbone of a successful periodontal strategy, since prevention and treatment plans depend on the accuracy and precision of the respective diagnostics. Periodontal diagnostics is still founded on clinical and radiological parameters that provide limited therapeutic guidance due to the multifactorial complexity of periodontal pathology, which is why biomarkers have been introduced for the first time in the new classification of periodontal and peri-implant conditions as a first step towards precision periodontics. Since the driving forces of precision medicine are represented by biomarkers and machine learning algorithms, with the lack of periodontal markers validated for diagnostic use, the implementation of a precision medicine approach in periodontology remains in the very initial stage. This narrative review elaborates the unmet diagnostic needs in periodontal diagnostics, the concept of precision periodontics, periodontal biomarkers, and a roadmap toward the implementation of a precision medicine approach in periodontal practice.
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Chapple, Iain L. C., Fridus Van der Weijden, Christof Doerfer, David Herrera, Lior Shapira, David Polak, Phoebus Madianos, et al. "Primary prevention of periodontitis: managing gingivitis." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 42 (March 31, 2015): S71—S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12366.
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Nawrot-Hadzik, Izabela, Adam Matkowski, Jakub Hadzik, Barbara Dobrowolska-Czopor, Cyprian Olchowy, Marzena Dominiak, and Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross. "Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-Ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis—Antibacterial Effects." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010165.
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Flavan-3-ols and their oligomeric forms called proanthocyanidins are polyphenolic compounds occurring in several foodstuffs and in many medicinal herbs. Their consumption is associated with numerous health benefits. They exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, as well as antimicrobial activity. The latter property is important in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Periodontitis is a multifactorial polymicrobial infection characterized by a destructive inflammatory process affecting the periodontium. Using non-toxic and efficient natural products such as flavanol derivatives can significantly contribute to alleviating periodontitis symptoms and preventing the disease’s progress. Therefore, a comprehensive systematic review of proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis was performed. The present paper reviews the direct antibacterial effects of these compounds against periodontic pathogens. The immunomodulatory effects, including animal and clinical studies, are included in a separate, parallel article. There is significant evidence supporting the importance of the antibacterial action exerted by proanthocyanidins from edible fruits, tea, and medicinal herbs in the inhibition of periodontitis-causing pathogens.
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Nawrot-Hadzik, Izabela, Adam Matkowski, Jakub Hadzik, Barbara Dobrowolska-Czopor, Cyprian Olchowy, Marzena Dominiak, and Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross. "Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-Ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis—Antibacterial Effects." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010165.
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Flavan-3-ols and their oligomeric forms called proanthocyanidins are polyphenolic compounds occurring in several foodstuffs and in many medicinal herbs. Their consumption is associated with numerous health benefits. They exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, as well as antimicrobial activity. The latter property is important in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Periodontitis is a multifactorial polymicrobial infection characterized by a destructive inflammatory process affecting the periodontium. Using non-toxic and efficient natural products such as flavanol derivatives can significantly contribute to alleviating periodontitis symptoms and preventing the disease’s progress. Therefore, a comprehensive systematic review of proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis was performed. The present paper reviews the direct antibacterial effects of these compounds against periodontic pathogens. The immunomodulatory effects, including animal and clinical studies, are included in a separate, parallel article. There is significant evidence supporting the importance of the antibacterial action exerted by proanthocyanidins from edible fruits, tea, and medicinal herbs in the inhibition of periodontitis-causing pathogens.
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Fares, Hussein Nasser, Halim Nagem Filho, Nasser Hussein Fares, Giordana Gregório Fritsch, and Rafael Julivan Gomes da Silva. "Doença periodontal e risco de complicações da Covid-19." Full Dentistry in Science 12, no. 47 (2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24077/2021;1247126131.
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The Covid-19 complexity is caused by severe inflammation and some signs are common with periodontitis. The attributes of periodontitis are pathophysiological in response to cytokines, which are chemotactic and recruit inflammatory cells. This article aims to investigate a probable link between periodontal disease that increases severity of Covid-19 and to consider the risk factors that influence the outcome of Covid-19 infections and the importance of periodontal health in prevention. Dental surgeons are high-risk professionals, especially periodontists, due to the frequent use of ultrasound and other aerosol-generating surgical instruments. In fact, in addition to the nasal passages, the mouth is a privileged place of contamination. Urgent or emergent dental care is often invasive and requires aerosolization. It is plausible that periodontitis aggravates an inflammatory process resulting from the infection, problems often linked to the most serious cases of Covid-19.
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Lee, Yen-Tzu, I.-chieh Mao, and Shih-Te Tu. "Periodontitis prevention program effectively reduced the incidence of periodontitis in diabetic patients." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 120 (October 2016): S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8227(16)31303-1.
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Bergstrom, Jan. "Periodontitis Low-Susceptible Subjects Receiving Regular Primary Prevention do Not Develop Periodontitis." Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice 8, no. 1 (March 2008): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2007.12.002.
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Sharma, Nikhil, and Nitin Khuller. "Periodontal Vaccine: A New Paradigm for Prevention of Periodontal Diseases." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 4, Spl (2010): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-4-spl-23.
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ABSTRACT Vaccination is a process that induces specific immune resistance to a bacterial or viral infectious disease. Vaccines have prevented several infectious diseases for many years, and are still being investigated. In late eighteenth century, Edward Jenner developed and established the principle of vaccination using the cross protection conferred by cowpox virus, which is non pathogenic in humans. Regarding a vaccine against the periodontal disease, the complexity of the periodontopathic bacteria might be a problem in determination of Antigens. Among some 300 species of bacteria involved in subgingival plaque, 5-7 species have been implicated in the etiology of periodontitis but one or two species; P.gingivalis or B. forsythus might play an important role as primary pathogens. Vaccination accomplished can be active immunization, passive immunization or DNA vaccination, made from the antigenic epitopes in periodontopathic bacteria. In light of the increasing evidence that periodontitis significantly increases risk for potentially fatal diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke and complications from diabetes mellitus a successful vaccine for periodontitis could have health benefits far exceeding the prevention of periodontitis.
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Zanza, Alessio, Rodolfo Reda, Francesco Pagnoni, and Shankargouda Patil. "Future Trends in Endodontics: How Could Materials Increase the Long-Term Outcome of Root Canal Therapies?" Materials 15, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 3473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103473.
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The goals of endodontic therapies are the prevention or the elimination of apical periodontitis of endodontic origin, ensuring the stability of results over time in order to avoid the recurrence of the disease and preventing teeth from requiring extraction [...]
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Genco, R. J., J. J. Zambon, and L. A. Christersson. "The Origin of Periodontal Infections." Advances in Dental Research 2, no. 2 (November 1988): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374880020020901.
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Periodontal diseases are recognized as bacterial infections, and some forms are associated with specific organisms, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in juvenile periodontitis, and Bacteroides gingivalis and others in adult periodontitis. The source of the periodontal organisms, whether they are part of the indigenous or resident flora and overgrow to become opportunistic oral pathogens, or whether they are exogenous oral pathogens, is important to determine. The chain of periodontal infection, microbial agent(s) and their transmission, and host response are reviewed with respect to the role of A. actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis and B. gingivalis in adult periodontitis. The present data lead us to hypothesize that some periodontal organisms may be exogenous pathogens. Prevention of periodontal diseases may be influenced by the knowledge of whether various forms are caused by opportunistic organisms or exogenous pathogens. If exogenous pathogens are responsible, prevention can be directed to intercepting transmission, thereby preventing colonization. On the other hand, if the organisms are opportunistic pathogens, prevention might be directed at interfering with initial acquisition of the flora earlier in life, as well as suppressing them to low levels consistent with health. For those exogenous periodontal infections, attempts at eradication and prevention of re-infection are likely to be effective. If the organisms are part of the indigenous flora, there is little hope of complete elimination of the organism. Criteria for distinguishing exogenous periodontal pathogens from opportunistic periodontal pathogens include the prediction that exogenous pathogens would be transient members of the oral flora associated with periodontal disease, likely to be comprised of one or a few clonal types, and intrinsically virulent. In contrast, opportunistic periodontal pathogens would likely be members of the indigenous flora and would overgrow. They would likely be comprised of many clonal types, and have an intrinsically low level of virulence.
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Al Subait, Abeer Abdulrahman, Khadijah Mustafa Saidi, Hussain Hadi Alsagoor, Naif Mayouf Alrasheedi, Asma Gadan Alanazi, Redwan Jamalaldeen Alfattany, Hatim Marzouq Alshammari, et al. "Prevalence, incidence and outcome of periodontal diseases among the elderly." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214835.
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When compared to adults, older persons have a higher prevalence and incidence of periodontal diseases. The prevalence of periodontitis is substantially greater in the geriatrics group, which is 75 years old on average, compared to those who are 60 years old on average. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss if natural periodontal therapies are not used. Periodontitis is the sixth most frequent incurable illness in the world, characterized by bacterial-induced and host-mediated deterioration of both soft and hard structures around the teeth. A severe type of periodontitis affects around 10% of the world's population. Periodontitis is more frequent in adults because of its chronic and debilitating nature, with around 66% of the 65-year-old age group in the United States afflicted by chronic periodontitis. A critical component of a successful disease prevention and health promotion trajectory is having up-to-date information on demographics, clinical symptoms, and illness burden on individuals, particularly in underrepresented regions where preventive programs are targeted and executed. As a result, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the existing research on the prevalence, incidence, and consequences of periodontal diseases in the older population.
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Ushakov, R. V., V. N. Tsarev, and N. N. Nuruev. "Antimicrobial chemotherapy algorithm for periodontitis." Stomatology for All / International Dental review, no. 2021 1 94 (March 2021): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35556//idr-2021-1(94)40-44.
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In the article is justified the choice of drugs and the need to conduct antimicrobial chemotherapy for periodontitis. On the basis of literature data and their own studies, the authors proposed an algorithm for antimicrobial chemotherapy of periodontitis, prevention of local andgeneral complications during paradontological interventions in accordance with the AWaRe classification (WHO). Antibiotics are divided into drugs of the first and second empirical choices depending on the form of periodontitis.
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Marian-Vladimir, Constantinescu. "Essential Endodontology: Prevention and Treatment of Apical Periodontitis." STOMATOLOGY EDU JOURNAL 7, no. 4 (2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2020.7(4).bookreview.2.
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Strochenko, Ye O., and M. I. Turchyn. "CURRENT TRENDS IN PERIODONTITIS TREATMENT AND PREVENTION: A LITERATURE OVERVIEW." Scientific and practical journal "Stomatological Bulletin" 120, no. 3 (October 13, 2022): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35220/2078-8916-2022-45-3.24.
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The aim of this article is to review modern researches devoted to the study of methods of prevention and treatment of periodontitis. Results. It should be noted that the analysed scientific works only briefly touch on the issue of periodontitis prevention, noting that it depends on both oral hygiene and a person's lifestyle. To maintain healthy teeth and periodontal disease, dentists recommend: giving up smoking, eating a variety of foods, including vegetables and fruit in the diet, limiting the consumption of too cold and hot food, using dental floss and mouth rinses, choosing toothpaste and the hardness of the toothbrush taking into account the recommendations of the specialist Unfortunately, not all plaque can be removed at home. Hygiene becomes more difficult if the teeth are crowded, if there are prostheses or braces. Therefore, it is important to undergo preventive examinations every six months, not forgetting professional teeth cleaning at the dentist. Conservative treatment involves therapeutic (mechanical treatment of canals; medicinal (antiseptic) treatment of canals; if necessary, an incision to remove inflammatory products; sealing) and physiotherapeutic (UHF therapy; electrophoresis; laser therapy; therapeutic baths and pastes) procedures. Conservative treatment of periodontitis is accompanied by taking antibiotics. The surgical method of treatment involves resection of the tip of the tooth root with subsequent filling of the apical section of the canal; complete tooth root removal; tooth extraction. Due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the root canals of the teeth, endodontic treatment becomes ineffective. Conclusion. At the current stage of development, the complex treatment of periodontitis has several treatment methods that combine the use of the most modern pharmaceuticals in combination with therapeutic and surgical methods, which in the future allows to obtain a fairly good and stable result.
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Romanova, Iuliia G., Olena L. Zolotukhina, Georgy O. Romanov, Stanislav A. Shnaider, and Iryna M. Tkachenko. "STATE OF MICROCIRCULATION AND FREE-RADICAL PROCESSES OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN SMOKING DEPENDENT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC HYPERACID GASTRITIS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 1 (January 2022): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202201202.
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The aim: The aim of the work was to determine the state of microcirculation and free radical processes of periodontal tissues in smoking dependent patients with chronic generalized periodontitis associated with chronic hyperacid gastritis. Materials and methods: We examined 90 patients (men and women) aged 25 to 44 years, who were divided into 3 groups: the first group - 48 smoking patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and chronic hyperacid gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori; the second group - 22 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and chronic hyperacid gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori, without the bad habit; the third group - control, consisted of 20 healthy individuals. The smoking patients were randomly divided into two subgroups: patients of the first subgroup (G1.1) received the basic therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis and the proposed treatment and prevention complex; the patients in the second subgroup (G1.2) received basic therapy for chronic generalized periodontitis and ultraphonophoresis with placebo. Results: The use of treatment and prevention complex in smoking dependent patients and patients without the bad habit with chronic generalized periodontitis and chronic hyperacid gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori demonstrated a positive dynamics of the functional characteristics of microcirculation and the balance in the lipid peroxidation – antioxidant system. Conclusions: So, the use of the proposed treatment and prevention complex had a positive effect on the state of microcirculation and free radical processes of periodontal tissues both at the near and long-term follow up, even under conditions of chronic hyperacid gastritis and the risk factor – smoking.
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Shkrebnyuk, R. Y., V. T. Dyryk, O. M. Vynogradova, N. I. Bodnaruk, and O. V. Zubachyk. "Clinical evaluation of complex treatment and prevention of generalized periodontitis in patients with type I diabetes mellitus with cardiomyopathy." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 25, no. 3 (September 23, 2021): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2021-25(3)-13.
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Annotation. Diabetes mellitus is an acute problem, as evidenced by the large number of people suffering from this disease, and the tendency to significantly increase the incidence rate. The most serious complications of diabetes include cardiomyopathy, the pathogenetic aspects of which are being actively studied. Widespread inflammatory-dystrophic periodontal disease and an increase in the proportion of generalized periodontitis in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by cardiomyopathy, makes the problem of effective treatment and prevention of this pathology among the most relevant. The purpose of the study: clinical evaluation of complex treatment and prevention of generalized periodontitis in patients with type I diabetes mellitus with cardiomyopathy according to the developed algorithm. Comprehensive treatment and prevention measures were performed in 127 patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of type I diabetes mellitus with cardiomyopathy, of which 82 patients were the main group, where treatment was carried out using our proposed treatment and prevention algorithm. The control group, in which treatment was carried out according to protocol methods, consisted of 45 patients. Clinical visual examination and determination of paraclinical indices were performed on day 30 after treatment. Statistical calculation of digital values was performed on a Pentium II computer using the statistical software package “Statgraphic 2.3” and “Microsoft Excel 2000”, the significance of changes was evaluated by t-test. As a result of the research it was found that on average, 30 days after treatment, in the main group where we used the proposed pharmacotherapy, “normalization” of periodontal tissues was studied in 26.83 % of patients, “improvement” – in 30.49 % of patients’ treatment was ineffective in 42.68 % of patients, with a reliability of p>0.05. In patients of the control group, where traditional treatment and prevention measures were used to treat generalized periodontitis, on average, “normalization” of periodontal tissue was recorded in 17.78 % of patients, “improvement” of periodontal tissue was found in 28.89 % of patients. Treatment was ineffective in 53.33 % of patients. Thus, as a result of research, it can be argued that in patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of type I diabetes mellitus complicated by cardiomyopathy, whose treatment was carried out using our treatment and prevention algorithm, which included local measures and general appointments, significantly improved periodontal tissues, as confirmed by clinical observation. In the control group, where traditional treatment regimens were used, the treatment of generalized periodontitis was ineffective. In further studies, it is planned to study the microbiome of the oral cavity in patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of type I diabetes mellitus complicated by cardiomyopathy.
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Gupta, Sujaya, and Bhageshwar Dhami. "Prevention is Always Better than Cure." Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 1, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v1i2.23547.
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Preventive dentistry is what every dentist and periodontist aims for. A hospital-based study in Nepal showed that staggering 52.5% suffered from gingivitis and 47.5% suffered from periodontitis (28.3% localised, 18% generalised).1 The two major risk factors for various periodontal diseases that can easily be prevented are: tobacco smoking and dental plaque.
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Zheng, Yi, Wenwen Yu, Hongyan Li, Hongbing Lin, Zhen Chen, Huishan Chen, Peipei Zhang, Yue Tian, Xiaowei Xu, and Yuqin Shen. "CpG oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit the proliferation and osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264.7 cells." RSC Advances 10, no. 25 (2020): 14885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra11036d.
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Sawada, Noritaka, Kei Adachi, Nobuhisa Nakamura, Megumi Miyabe, Mizuho Ito, Shuichiro Kobayashi, Shin-ichi Miyajima, et al. "Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide Ameliorates the Development of Periodontitis." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (November 19, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8843310.
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Periodontitis is one of the diabetic complications due to its high morbidity and severity in patients with diabetes. The prevention of periodontitis is especially important in diabetic patients because the relationship between diabetes and periodontitis is bidirectional. Here, we evaluated the impacts of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide on the amelioration of periodontitis. Five-wk-old Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats ( n = 30 ) were divided into 3 groups: normal, periodontitis, and periodontitis with liraglutide treatment groups. Periodontitis was induced by ligature around the maxillary second molar in SD rats. Half of the rats were administered liraglutide for 2 weeks. Periodontitis was evaluated by histological staining, gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines in gingiva, and microcomputed tomography. Periodontitis increased inflammatory cell infiltration, macrophage accumulation, and gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the gingiva, all of which were ameliorated by liraglutide. Liraglutide decreased M1 macrophages but did not affect M2 macrophages in periodontitis. Moreover, ligature-induced alveolar bone resorption was ameliorated by liraglutide. Liraglutide treatment also reduced osteoclasts on the alveolar bone surface. These results highlight the beyond glucose-lowering effects of liraglutide on the treatment of periodontitis.
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Akimov, Vladimir, Anna Fedoskina, Diana Kuzmina, and Tatiana Vlasova. "Comparative assessment of laser therapy efficiency of chronic generalized periodontitis treatment." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine 15, no. 3 (2020): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2020.304.
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This paper is a result of collaboration between personnel of Saint-Petersburg and Saransk medical universities. The purpose of the investigation was to improve treatment and secondary prevention of chronic generelized periodontitis on the base of pathogenetically substantiated scheme of laser therapy. Cohort prospective study included 98 patients (31 men and 67 women) suffered from chronic generelized periodontitis at the age from 30 to 50 years with disease prescription from 3 to 10 years. All the patients were divided into three groups: standard anti-inflammatory therapy, laser therapy, antioxidant therapy. Efficiency of periodontitis treatment in the groups was estimated by clinical laboratory data, stomatological indices (РМА, SBI, API,) resistance of gingival capillaries; degree of osseous resorption. State of lipid peroxidation (LP) was estimated by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA, Fe2+-MDA) and phospholipase А2. It was found that application of laser and metabolic therapy considerably increase efficiency of standard treatment regimen and secondary prevention of chronic periodontitis, that is manifested in significant decrease structural-functional changes and in restoration of paradontium tissues microcirculation.
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Berezin, K. A. "Prevalence and clinical variety of periodontitis in patients attending dental policlinics in Kazan, Russia." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 2 (April 15, 2013): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1588.
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Aim. To determine different periodontal diseases prevalence and distribution in patients attending dental policlinics in Kazan, Russia. Methods. Clinical screening, computed statistical analysis were used as a study methods. 517 medical charts of dental patients (form 043/A) were randomly selected. Different forms of periodontitis were classified according to ICD-10. Results. A high prevalence of periodontal diseases reaching 100% was found among the examined patients who had attended dental policlinics in Kazan, Russia. Chronic (34-89%) and acute (11-44%) apical periodontitis were the most prevalent types of periodontitis in all age groups of patients who had attended dental policlinics. In patients aged 18-39 years acute apical periodontitis was the most common type of periodontitis (11-44%). Conclusion. A high prevalence of periodontal diseases in patients who had attended dental policlinics in Kazan, Russia, was found, with a tendency of chronic periodontitis prevalence to grow, reaching highest levels in elderly patients. Thus, measures for periodontitis prevention and early treatment are vital.
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Shaggag, Lubna M., Nadiah ALhabardi, and Ishag Adam. "The Association between Maternal Periodontitis and Preterm Birth: A Case-Control Study in a Low-Resource Setting in Sudan, Africa." Medicina 58, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58050632.
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Background and Objectives: Vast data have been published recently on the association between periodontitis and preterm birth (PB). However, these studies have shown inconsistent results. Few of them were conducted in Africa, and data has not been published on the association between periodontitis and PB in Sudan. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Omdurman maternity hospital in Sudan from February through October 2021. The cases were women with spontaneous PB (<37 weeks), and healthy women with TB (37–42 weeks) were the controls. Questionnaires (demographics, medical and obstetric factors) were completed through face-to-face interviews. Periodontitis was diagnosed by the Community Periodontal Index as: “bleeding on probing and a pocket depth of ≥3 mm and clinical attachment loss of ≥6 mm, calculus with plaque deposits, and gingival recession”. Multivariate regression analysis was performed with PB as the dependent variable. Results: One hundred sixty-five women were enrolled in each arm of the study. The age, parity and body mass index did not significantly differ between the women with PB and those with TB. Compared with the controls, a significantly higher number of women with PB had periodontitis (50/165 (30.3%) vs. 30/165 (18.2%), p = 0.011). The association between periodontitis and PB was significant. Women who had periodontitis had double the odds of having PB compared to women who had no periodontitis (adjusted Odd Ratio = 2.05, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.20–3.52). Moreover, the haemoglobin level (adjusted Odd Ratio = 0.67, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.51–0.88) was inversely associated with PB. Conclusion: The study results indicate that periodontitis and low haemoglobin were strongly associated with PB. Preventive measures, including the use of periodontitis screening and the prevention of anaemia, are needed to reduce PB in this setting.
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Malyshev, M. E., M. M. Shvetsov, and A. K. Iordanishvili. "Features of oral care in the treatment of periodontitis in patients who have undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19." Medical alphabet, no. 22 (October 15, 2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2022-22-21-26.
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A new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) leads to changes in the oral cavity, which makes it important to consider the optimal use of oral care products. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of preventive toothpastes with herbal components, along with the use of antiseptic rinses, in the treatment of elderly patients suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis and against the background of postcovid syndrome. 48 elderly patients with postcovid syndrome suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity were examined, who underwent the generally accepted complex treatment of periodontitis, but the methods of individual oral care differed due to the inclusion of rinses to the toothpastes used in the technique. It has been established that in elderly people suffering from periodontitis against the background of a new coronavirus infection, there are large violations of hemomicrocirculation in periodontal tissues, as well as a high incidence of periodontal pathogens. It was also noted that toothpastes in combination with mouthwashers are highly effective for individual oral hygiene in such patients. Despite the relatively identical clinical characteristics of oral hygiene and indicators of the condition of periodontal tissues, the use of a rinse aid with chlorhexidine during the week at the beginning of complex treatment helps to reduce the frequency of detection of periodontal pathogens, which is important for the secondary prevention of periodontitis and its recurrence.
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Dembowska, Elżbieta, Aleksandra Jaroń, Ewa Gabrysz-Trybek, Joanna Bladowska, and Grzegorz Trybek. "Evaluation of Common Factors of Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with the Acute Coronary Syndrome." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 8139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138139.
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Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease causing inflammatory destruction of supporting structures of the dentition and eventually leading to its loss. This study was designed to evaluate common risk factors for periodontitis and acute coronary syndrome in the study population and demonstrate the systemic impact of periodontitis on the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome. A total of 160 patients (35 female and 125 male) were enrolled in the study. Considering the age range, the largest group of patients (118 patients) was between 55 and 65 years, which accounted for 73.8% of the total study population. There were 35 patients (21.9%) in the age group of 45 to 54 years, while the youngest age group of 35 to 44 years had as many as seven patients. Medical history and physical examination, including periodontal status, were performed. API, PD, CAL, and CPITN were evaluated. Common risk factors for periodontitis and acute coronary syndrome were assessed. The study assessed risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, general health, smoking, height, weight, and hip circumference. In light of the above-described etiopathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease and its association with periodontal disease, it is important to emphasize preventing and treating periodontitis, especially in patients in the so-called high-risk group for cardiovascular disease. Dentists’ introduction of an appropriate prophylactic and therapeutic plan may constitute both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Costea, Cristina Andrada, Ruxandra Christodorescu, Andrada Soancă, Alexandra Roman, Iulia Cristina Micu, Ștefan Ioan Stratul, Darian Rusu, Dora Maria Popescu, Aurel Popa-Wagner, and Adriana Elena Bulboacă. "Periodontitis in Ischemic Stroke Patients: Case Definition Challenges of the New Classification Scheme (2018)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030520.
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The identification of the associative relationships between ischemic stroke (IS) and risk factors such as advanced age and periodontitis is essential to design real screening protocols and to address them using primary and secondary preventive policies. This study primarily aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the 2018 European Federation of Periodontology/American Academy of Periodontology (EFP/AAP) case definition in detecting periodontitis against the 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) case definition in a group of IS patients. Secondarily, we report the periodontal status of IS patients and the associative relationship with respect to some risk factors. Patients with their first IS were assessed based on demographic data, medical, oral risk factors and periodontal parameters. The two case definitions were applied to identify the periodontitis burden. The agreement between the two case definition systems, as well as the misclassification ratio, were calculated. A total of 141 patients were included. According to the 2012 CDC/AAP and the 2018 EFP/AAP case definitions, a frequency of periodontitis of 98.5% and 97.8% based on two modalities of inclusion of cases in the severity groups, sensitivity values of 98.54% or 100%, and specificity values of 25% or 14.7% were calculated. Thus, the new case definition system has a higher capacity to detect periodontitis, especially the well-established forms.
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Ossola, César, Julieta Rodas, Noelia Balcarcel, Julia Astrauskas, Juan Elverdin, and Javier Fernández-Solari. "Signs of alveolar bone damage in early stages of periodontitis and its prevention by stimulation of cannabinoid receptor 2. Model in rats." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana 33, no. 2 (September 2020): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54589/aol.33/2/143.
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The aims of the present study were, first, to identify signs of alveolar bone damage in early stages of experimental periodontitis (EP) and, second, to assess its possible prevention by treatment with cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist HU 308. Experimental periodontitis was induced by injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1mg/ml) in gums surrounding maxillary and mandibular first molar, 3 days per week, and untreated controls were kept for comparison. Then, a 3-week study was conducted including eighteen new rats (six rats per group): 1) controls; 2) experimental periodontitis rats; and 3) experimental periodontitis rats treated daily with HU 308 (500 ng/ml). After euthanasia, alveolar bone loss was assessed by morphometric and histomorphometric techniques, and the content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gingival tissue was evaluated by radioimmunoassay. The first signs of alveolar bone loss were apparent at 3 weeks of experimental periodontitis (ρ<0.05) in the mandibular first molar, but there was no detectable change at 1 week, leading us to establish 3 weeks as an early stage of experimental periodontitis. Rats subjected to 3-week experimental periodontitis showed less interradicular bone volume, less whole bone perimeter and fewer bone formation areas, and higher periodontal space height, bone resorption areas, number of osteoclasts and gingival content of prostaglandin E2 than controls, while HU 308 prevented, at least partially, the deleterious effects (ρ<0.001). We can conclude that a 3-week term of lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis in rats provides a valid model of the early stage of the disease, as emerging damage is observed in bone tissue. Furthermore, harmful effects at 3 weeks could be prevented by local stimulation of cannabinoid receptor 2, before greater damage is produced.
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Aljifan, Mohammad Khaled, Ali Mohammed Al Rowaily, Haitham Abdullah Alzahrani, Khalid Mirae Al Qahtani, Saeed Mohammad Bahattab, Turki Mohammed Bin Eshaq, Mohammed Ali Alqahtani, et al. "Causes of post treatment apical periodontitis." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220031.
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Endodontic treatment approaches aim to achieve proper treatment and prevention of apical periodontitis to enhance the oral health status and enhance the prognosis of affected teeth. However, many complications can develop secondary to endodontic treatment. The management of post-treatment apical periodontitis might be challenging to clinicians, and the prognosis is usually lower than that of primary apical periodontitis. Therefore, identifying the potential etiology and intervening against them might be ideal for these cases. The present literature review discusses the commonest causes reported in the literature to predispose to the development of post-treatment apical periodontitis. Most of the various investigations in the literature indicate that post-treatment apical periodontitis is usually caused by either extraradicular or intraradicular infections, like primary apical periodontitis. However, it should be noted that some studies also reported that technical or procedural errors might predispose to the pathogenesis of the condition. However, it has been reported that the presence of associated bacterial infection conditions this.
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González-Ramírez, Javier, Gustavo Martínez-Coronilla, Laura Dayanara López-Rocha, Ana Gabriela Leija-Montoya, Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder, Zureya Fontes-Garcia, Marina Silva-Mancilla, and Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz. "Acute Myocardial Infarction and Periodontitis: Importance of Awareness and Prevention in Latin America." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063131.
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By 2030, non-communicable diseases will have accounted for more than three-quarters of deaths worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the leading cause of death worldwide for several years. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a CVD characterized by necrosis of the heart at the myocardial level due to prolonged ischemia caused by the reduction or sudden absence of coronary blood supply. The prevalence of AMI is higher in men at all ages. The incidence of AMI has decreased in industrialized nations; however, it has been on the rise in Latin America (LATAM) due to lifestyle changes. These changes have caused the combined incidence of CVDs and unresolved health concerns in LATAM, such as infections and malnutrition. It is well known that periodontitis, a highly prevalent chronic infectious inflammatory disease, has been associated with systemic diseases, such as diabetes, kidney diseases, and AMI. This review addresses proposed aspects of the correlation between periodontitis and AMI, explains the importance of preventing periodontitis and CVDs, and analyzes the preventative measures being implemented in LATAM, particularly in Mexico.
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Byon, Min-Ji, Se-Yeon Kim, Ji-Soo Kim, Han-Na Kim, and Jin-Bom Kim. "Association of Periodontitis with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: A Nationwide Population-based Retrospective Matched Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 4, 2020): 7261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197261.
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We investigated the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) development using the National Health Insurance Service—National Sample Cohort 2.0 (NHIS-NSC2) database, which contains data for approximately 1 million nationally representative random participants. We selected 52,425 participants aged 20+ years and diagnosed with periodontitis from January to December 2003 and used propensity score matching to select an equivalent number of participants who were never diagnosed with periodontitis in the period covered by the NHIS-NSC2 database (2002–2015). The propensity scores were based on sex, age group, type of national health insurance, household income, diabetes status, and hypertension status and were used for 1:1 matching of individuals with similar propensities. A total of 104,850 participants were selected for the study. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to investigate the risk of ACVD development due to periodontitis from 2003 to 2015 after adjusting for sex, age, type of national health insurance, household income, hypertension status, and diabetes status. Participants with periodontitis had a higher risk of ACVD (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.13) than those without periodontitis. Thus, periodontitis can increase the risk of ACVD, and prevention of periodontitis may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Fateme Godarzi Moghadam, Saba Amirfarhangi, Maziar Farhadi, and Seyedeh Elaheh Asksri. "Peri-implantitis: Definition, etiology, and prevention – a review." Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 026–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjbp.2022.5.1.0046.
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Peri-implant is a severe complication after implant surgery or treatment, influencing the surrounding tissues. Therefore, distinct and continuous clinical checkups and investigation and removal of causative factors (smoking and periodontitis) are effective precautionary measures against peri-implant. The primary aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current literature regarding the etiology and prevention of peri-implant disease for healthcare providers.
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Micu, Iulia Cristina, Alexandra Roman, Andrada Şoancă, Daniela Condor, and Andreea Candea. "Screening and prophylaxis of periodontitis in the prevention of oral cavity cancer and its complications." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 63, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2017.2.4.
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Periodontitis is a complex, multifactorial infectious disease, which affects a high proportion of the global population. Recent studies show that periodontal disease has strong negative impact on the homeostasis of the oral cavity but has also been associated with several systemic diseases. Although some correlation mechanisms between periodontitis and certain systemic disease have been described further extensive investigations are needed to establish causality. Periodontitis could be involved in the onset and progression of some types of cancers, especially oral cancer due to chronic inflammation. The release of citokines and inflammatory markers at a local level and in the blood stream can disregulate the variables of the body and can be directly involved in the mechanim of tumorigenesis. Another hypothesis relies on the role of disbiosis of the oral microbiome and the structural and functional alterations of the subgingival flora which define periodontitis in the oral cancer development. The prevalence of oral cancer is very high and continous increase at an alarming rate globally. The rapid progression and aggressive behavior of oral cancer, the high mortality rate, the comorbidities and negative effect on the quality of life after cancer treatment but most importantly the low survival rate on the long term highlight the need to supress all the potential risk factors in order to prevent this disease. Periodontal status evaluation and periodontal therapy should be initiated in patients undergoing cancer therapy in order to lower the risk of complications associated with radiation- and chemotherapy. Also on the long run treatment of periodontal disease could prevent the development of a new oropharyngial carcinoma.
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Van Dyke, Thomas E. "Proresolving lipid mediators: potential for prevention and treatment of periodontitis." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 38 (February 16, 2011): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01662.x.
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Voruganti, K. "Essential endodontology - prevention and treatment of apical periodontitis (2nd edition)." British Dental Journal 204, no. 9 (May 2008): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.372.
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Pantera, Eugene A. "Essential Endodontology: Prevention and Treatment of Apical Periodontitis, 2nd ed." Journal of Dental Education 72, no. 10 (October 2008): 1212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2008.72.10.tb04603.x.
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Фещенко, Ирина, Irina Feshchenko, Николай Сысоев, Nikolay Sysoyev, Сергей Безруков, and Sergey Bezrukov. "FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF CRIMEAN OZONATED BALNEOLOGICAL FACTORS AND CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THEIR EFFICACY AMONG PERIODONTAL PATIENTS." Actual problems in dentistry 14, no. 2 (July 25, 2018): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-2018-14-2-56-61.
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Subject: the incidence of periodontal disease among the adult population of the Russian Federation reaches 95-100%.It is known that the microbiota of dentofacial pockets is characterized by instability, uncontrolled pathogenic factors, the presence of difficult-to-culture species. In recent years, the use of balneotherapy, mineral therapy, phyto-aromatherapy and others that do not cause side effects and addiction in the complex treatment of chronic diseases is considered a successful trend in modern periodontics. 
 Purpose: the aim of this work was to study changes in the nature of the microflora of the periodontal apparatus in chronic gingivitis (CG), chronic generalized periodontitis (present study included) on the background of the use of non-pharmacological treatment technologies, including integrated ozonized balneotherapy. 
 Methodology: the positive effect was obtained from the influence of ozonated compositions series named "Biol" and "Phyto-Biol" on the periodontal tissue microflora among patients with catarrhal gingivitis (25 people) and generalized periodontitis (23 people). 
 Results of the study. Against the background of the course of complex balneo-hydrotherapy, the disappearance of pathogenic species occurred in a shorter time (3-5 days in patients with CG, on the 7th day with CGP) compared to the control group (7 and 10 days, respectively). It was stated that the use of ozonized mineral drugs in combination with hydrotherapy with ozonized Saki mineral water "BENTATM" has a local therapeutic effect on chronic gingivitis and chronic generalized periodontitis, promotes more rapid recovery of gingival sulcus and periodontal bag’s normobiosis, rather than drugs without ozone. 
 Conclusions: the most prolonged effect was demonstrated by phytocompositions that contain ozone and "BENTATM" which are recommended to be applied in cases of clinical periodontics, surgical, orthopedic dentistry in invasive manipulation, treatment of periodontal tissues, prevention of complications and recurrences.
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Germen, Meliha, Ulku Baser, Cagdas Caglar Lacin, Erhan Fıratlı, Halim İşsever, and Funda Yalcin. "Periodontitis Prevalence, Severity, and Risk Factors: A Comparison of the AAP/CDC Case Definition and the EFP/AAP Classification." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 3459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073459.
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Background: This cross-sectional study evaluated the utility of the 2018 European Federation of Periodontology/American Academy of Periodontology (EFP/AAP) classifications of epidemiological studies in terms of periodontitis severity, prevalence and associated risk factors and the 2012 American Academy of Periodontology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (AAP/CDC) case definitions. Methods: We included 488 participants aged 35–74 years. Measurements were recorded at six sites per tooth by two qualified examiners. The evaluated parameters included pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Periodontitis prevalence and severity were reported using the 2018 EFP/AAP classification and the AAP/CDC case definitions. The data were stratified by recognized risk factors (age, diabetes and smoking status). Results: The 2018 EFP/AAP classification indicated that all patients suffered from periodontitis. When CAL served as the main criterion, the frequency of patients with severe (Stages III–IV) periodontitis was 54%. When the AAP/CDC case definitions were applied, the prevalence of periodontitis was 61.9% and that of severe periodontitis 16.8%. Age was the most significant risk factor, regardless of the chosen case definition. Conclusion: It is essential to employ a globalized standard case definition when monitoring periodontitis and associated risk factors.
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Han, Pingping, Peter Mark Bartold, Carlos Salomon, and Sašo Ivanovski. "Salivary Outer Membrane Vesicles and DNA Methylation of Small Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers for Periodontal Status: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (February 28, 2021): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052423.
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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease, associated with a microbial dysbiosis. Early detection using salivary small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) biomarkers may facilitate timely prevention. sEVs derived from different species (i.e., humans, bacteria) are expected to circulate in saliva. This pilot study recruited 22 participants (seven periodontal healthy, seven gingivitis and eight periodontitis) and salivary sEVs were isolated using the size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method. The healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis groups were compared in terms of salivary sEVs in the CD9+ sEV subpopulation, Gram-negative bacteria-enriched lipopolysaccharide (LPS+) outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and global DNA methylation pattern of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and N6-Methyladenosine (m6dA). It was found that LPS+ OMVs, global 5mC methylation and four periodontal pathogens (T. denticola, E. corrodens, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum) that secreted OMVs were significantly increased in periodontitis sEVs compared to those from healthy groups. These differences were more pronounced in sEVs than the whole saliva and were more superior in distinguishing periodontitis than gingivitis, in comparison to healthy patients. Of note, global 5mC hypermethylation in salivary sEVs can distinguish periodontitis patients from both healthy controls and gingivitis patients with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 1). The research findings suggest that assessing global sEV methylation may be a useful biomarker for periodontitis.
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Li, An, Zhi Tang, Peijun Zhu, Florien van den Bosch, Yuntao Chen, Shulan Xu, and Geerten-Has E. Tjakkes. "Serum Antioxidant Vitamins Mediate the Association between Periodontitis and Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight/Obesity." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 4939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224939.
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Background: Periodontal disease is associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether serum antioxidant vitamins could mediate the association between periodontitis and a metabolically unhealthy phenotype in the overweight and obese population; Methods: We included 6158 Americans (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Periodontitis was defined using a half-reduced CDC/AAP (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology) definition. Having two or more metabolic abnormalities was defined as a metabolically unhealthy overweight and obese (MUO) phenotype. Mediation analysis of four oxidative stress biomarkers (serum antioxidant vitamins A, C, D, and E) was conducted; Results: Of participants with overweight and obesity, 2052 (33.3%) Americans were categorized as having periodontitis. Periodontitis increased dyslipidemia risk and systemic inflammation in the overweight and obese population. In the multivariable logistic regression model, periodontitis was positively associated with MUO (adjusted odds ratio = 1.238; 95% confidence interval: 1.091 to 1.406). These findings were validated in an independent cohort. Serum vitamins C and D were estimated to mediate 19.3% and 8.4% of the periodontitis–MUO association. Conclusions: Periodontitis might decrease serum vitamins C and D and induce a metabolically unhealthy state among adults with overweight and obesity.
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Bolerázska, Beáta, Mária Mareková, and Neda Markovská. "Trends in Laboratory Diagnostic Methods in Periodontology." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 59, no. 1 (2016): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2016.47.
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This work presents a summary of current knowledge on the laboratory diagnosis of periodontitis. It focuses on the theoretical foundations and is supplemented with new knowledge. It subsequently describes specifically the laboratory diagnosis methods of periodontitis: the protein expression of inflammation, oral microbiology and molecular diagnostics. Periodontitis is a serious disease worldwide and its confirmed association with systemic diseases means its severity is increasing. Its laboratory diagnosis has the potential to rise to the level of clinical and diagnostic imaging. The transfer of diagnostic methods from laboratory to clinical use is increasingly used in the prevention and monitoring of the exacerbation and treatment of periodontal disease, as well as of its impact on systemic disease.
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Ziuzin, V. O., S. V. Cherno, Yu D. Frenkel, D. V. Ziuzin, and L. Ya Muntian. "Modern Aspects of the Incidence of Gingivitis and Periodontitis in Children and Adolescents in Ukraine, Efficiency of Treatment and Prevention." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, no. 2 (May 6, 2022): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.02.150.
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The purpose of the work was to study modern aspects of the incidence of gingivitis and periodontitis in children and adolescents in Ukraine and to create an algorithm for treatment and prevention tactics in this pathology. It has been established that the high prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis among children and adolescents makes this problem one of the most important problems of modern dentistry. The problem of periodontal pathology in children and adolescents is due to both the prevalence of diseases and the fact that poor-quality treatment of diseases in childhood and adolescence will lead to severe irreversible damage to periodontal tissues in adults. Modern prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases in children and adolescents should be carried out on the basis of an algorithm of therapeutic and preventive measures: elimination of local traumatic factors, restoration of the anatomical shape of the teeth, high-quality treatment of the root system, replacement of defective restorations, professional oral hygiene, selection and correction of means and methods of individual hygiene. Results and discussion. The results of the study of oral hygiene and periodontal condition in patients with chronic limited catarrhal gingivitis and chronic localized periodontitis showed that the average value of most of the studied parameters in patients had significant differences when compared with healthy individuals in the control group, as well as between groups of patients. Index evaluation of the functional state of the peripheral circulation in the periodontal tissues of young patients revealed a significant decrease in capillary resistance. Based on literature data and the results of our own research and an objective method for predicting the localization of inflammatory diseases of periodontitis, a therapeutic and prophylactic tactic was developed in young patients with indications of diseases and risk factors for their development. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed method of treatment and prevention of localized periodontal tissue damage in patients of the main group was carried out on the basis of the results of clinical, physicochemical and functional research methods in comparison with groups of patients who underwent therapeutic and preventive measures in the traditional way. The results of treatment of localized inflammatory periodontal diseases were analyzed in 34 patients of the main group with chronic limited catarrhal gingivitis, 26 patients with chronic localized periodontitis of degree I and in a similar number of patients in the comparison group with an identical diagnosis. Conclusion. The results of treatment of 60 patients of the main group showed the high efficiency of the developed method. At the same time, a significant improvement in the subjective and objective symptoms of diseases was found. Complete clinical recovery with the elimination of the inflammatory process in the gums was found in 94.1% of patients with chronic limited catarrhal gingivitis of degree I. The obtained positive results of treatment of the main group of young patients with localized inflammatory lesions of periodontal tissues in terms of hygienic and periodontal indices and the state of peripheral circulation confirm the high efficiency of the developed algorithm for the treatment and prevention of these diseases
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Kowalski, Jan, Renata Górska, Martyna Cieślik, Andrzej Górski, and Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak. "What Are the Potential Benefits of Using Bacteriophages in Periodontal Therapy?" Antibiotics 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040446.
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Periodontitis, which may result in tooth loss, constitutes both a serious medical and social problem. This pathology, if not treated, can contribute to the development of, among others, pancreatic cancer, cardiovascular diseases or Alzheimer’s disease. The available treatment methods are expensive but not always fully effective. For this reason, the search for and isolation of bacteriophages specific to bacterial strains causing periodontitis seems to be a great opportunity to target persistent colonization by bacterial pathogens and lower the use of antibiotics consequently limiting further development of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a growing challenge in periodontal therapy as resistant pathogens may be isolated from more than 70% of patients with periodontitis. The aim of this review is to present the perspective of phage application in the prevention and/or treatment of periodontitis alongside its complicated multifactorial aetiology and emphasize the challenges connecting composition and application of effective phage preparation.
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Iwasaki, Masanori, Michihiko Usui, Wataru Ariyoshi, Keisuke Nakashima, Yoshie Nagai-Yoshioka, Maki Inoue, Kaoru Kobayashi, and Tatsuji Nishihara. "Evaluation of the ability of the trypsin-like peptidase activity assay to detect severe periodontitis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): e0256538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256538.
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Objectives N-benzoyl-DL-arginine peptidase (trypsin-like peptidase) is specifically produced by certain strains of periodontitis-associated bacteria. We aimed to examine the effectiveness of an objectively quantified trypsin-like peptidase activity assay (TLP-AA) for detecting severe periodontitis. Methods The study population included 347 adults (108 men and 239 women; average age, 43.3 years) who underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination. Specimens for the TLP-AA were obtained using tongue swabs. Using a color reader, the TLP-AA results were obtained as a* values, with higher positive a* values indicating an increased intense enzymatic activity. The predictive validity of the TLP-AA results for severe periodontitis was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the periodontitis case definition provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology as the gold standard. Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to predict severe periodontitis using the TLP-AA results and health characteristics, as the exposure variables. Results Severe periodontitis was observed in 5.2% of the participants. TLP-AA had high diagnostic accuracy for severe periodontitis, with an area under the curve of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–0.92). The cut-off score for the a* value that best differentiated individuals with severe periodontitis was 0.09, with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 77%. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that the TLP-AA results were significantly associated with severe periodontitis after adjusting for health characteristics (adjusted odds ratios: 1.90 [95% CI: 1.37–2.62] for the a* value). Conclusions Objectively quantified TLP-AA results are potentially useful for detecting severe periodontitis in epidemiological surveillance.
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Shkrebnyuk, R. Yu, V. T. Dyryk, O. M. Vynogradova, M. M. Shevchuk, N. I. Bodnaruk, and L. G. Lesko. "Dynamics of Paraclinical Indices as a Result of Complex Treatment of Generalized Periodontitis in Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus with Cardiomyopathy." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, no. 3 (July 2, 2022): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.03.225.
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The purpose of the study was to trace the dynamics of periodontal indices after comprehensive treatment of generalized periodontitis in patients with type I diabetes mellitus complicated by cardiomyopathy. Materials and methods. Comprehensive treatment and prevention measures were performed in 127 patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of type I diabetes mellitus with cardiomyopathy. The main group, where treatment was carried out with the help of the treatment and prevention scheme developed by us, included 82 people: 25 patients with generalized periodontitis of primary stage – I degree (30.48%); 27 patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree (32.93%) and 30 – with generalized periodontitis of the III degree (36.59%). The control group, in which the treatment was carried out according to protocol methods, consisted of 45 patients: 14 people with primary stage – generalized periodontitis of the I degree (30.71%), 15 patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree (33.07%) and 16 patients with generalized periodontitis of the III degree (36.22%). Given the somatic status of the examined patients due to type I diabetes mellitus with cardiomyopathy, clinical visual examination and determination of paraclinical indices were performed 30 days after treatment. The developed algorithm of treatment and prophylactic measures included both local therapy and general appointments. In the control group, the treatment of generalized periodontitis was performed according to conventional methods. Results and discussion. According to the results of the studies, on the 30th day after treatment, in patients of the main group, who were assigned to the developed treatment complex, with generalized periodontitis of the primary stage – I severity, PMA index decreased from 19.00±2.25% before treatment and was 13.17±2.26% after treatment, p >0.05. Periodontal index data in this group of subjects after treatment was 0.42±0.14 points against 0.65±0.12 points before treatment. In patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree of severity of the main group, on the 30th day after treatment, a decrease in PMA index data was relative to pre-treatment data (28.14±2.70% versus 50.46±2.65%, p <0.01) and periodontal index (1.90±0.30 points versus 2.83±0.44 points, p <0.01). The value of the hygienic index OHI-S in this group of subjects was, after treatment, 2.15±0.71 points against 2.83±0.44 points before treatment, p >0.05. In patients with generalized periodontitis of the II degree of severity of the control group, on the 30th day after treatment, the decrease in PMA indices by 1.2 times and RI – by 1.4 times, p <0.05 with a decrease in the hygienic index by 1.3 times, p >0.05. In patients with generalized periodontitis of the III degree of severity of the main group, on the 30th day after treatment, there was a decrease in the PMA index from 64.42±2.80% before treatment to 35.18±2.70% after treatment, p <0.01. In the studied patients there was a significant decrease in the periodontal index of PI after treatment – up to 2.44±0.10 points against 3.49±0.09 points before treatment, p <0.01. Changes in the hygienic index OHI-S in patients with generalized periodontitis of the III degree of severity were 2.15±0.71 points after treatment against 3.98±1.32 points before treatment, p >0.05. In patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of type I diabetes mellitus of the main group, on average, the PMA index data were by 1.4 times lower, and PI and OHI-S indices were by 1.3 times lower (p1 <0.05, p1 >0.05, respectively) in relation to the average data in patients of the control group. In patients of the main group, the effectiveness of treatment was 42.88% against 18.09% in the control group on the PMA index. Conclusion. As a result of the studies, it can be argued that patients in the main group, where treatment was carried out using our treatment and prevention scheme, significantly improved the condition of periodontal tissues, as evidenced by clinical observations and positive dynamics of paraclinical indices in patients with generalized periodontitis of the control group, where traditional treatment regimens were ineffective
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Ioannidou, E., H. Swede, and A. Dongari-Bagtzoglou. "Periodontitis Predicts Elevated C-reactive Protein Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease." Journal of Dental Research 90, no. 12 (September 22, 2011): 1411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511423394.
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Based on the existing evidence supporting a state of chronic inflammation in chronic kidney disease (CKD), we hypothesized that periodontal infection may affect the systemic inflammatory status of a nationally representative CKD population as measured by serum C-reactive protein (CRP). We examined this hypothesis using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994 (NHANES III) dataset including 2303 individuals. We followed the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP)/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) case definition for periodontitis. We used a cutoff point of 30% sites with (PD) ≥ 5 mm and (CAL) ≥ 4 mm to define generalized periodontitis cases. We estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C levels using the relevant equation. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was calculated in milligrams per gram with a cutoff point of 30 mg/g. CKD was defined based on eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 and albuminuria ≥ 30 mg/g. Periodontitis was found in 427 (12.3%) individuals. Of individuals with periodontitis, 41.8% had serum CRP higher than 0.3 mg/dL compared with 27.1% of non-periodontitis and 53.1% of edentulous individuals (p = 0.001 for all comparisons). When the extent of periodontitis was used as one of the independent variables, the parsimonious model showed a strong independent association between extent of periodontitis and serum CRP levels (OR = 2.0, CI95% = 1.2-3.6).
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Бобкова, И. Л., И. В. Кравчук, М. С. Трояновская, and М. В. Бобков. "Efficiency of Prevention of Peri-Implant Lesions in Patients with Chronic Generalized Periodontitis." Стоматология. Эстетика. Инновации, no. 1 (April 18, 2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2021.5.1.006.
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Основным осложнением хронического генерализованного периодонтита является частичная или полная вторичная адентия, что влечет за собой необходимость протезирования с целью восстановления жевательной эффективности. Современным методом восстановления целостности зубных рядов является дентальная имплантация. По данным литературы, хронический периодонтит снижает успешность имплантации из-за возникновения осложнений, связанных с биопленкой. Поэтому актуальна предоперационная пародонтологическая подготовка и последующая диспансеризация таких пациентов с целью профилактики периимплантных поражений. The main complication of chronic generalized periodontitis is partial or complete secondary adentia, which entails the need for prosthetics in order to restore chewing efficiency. The modern method of restoring the integrity of the dentition is dental implantation. According to the literature, chronic periodontitis reduces the success of implantation due to the occurrence of complications associated with biofilm. Therefore, preoperative periodontal preparation and subsequent clinical examination of such patients are relevant in order to prevent peri-implant lesions.
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Repetska, О. М. "Clinical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Complex of Measures for the Prevention and Treatment of Generalized Periodontitis in Young People with Primary Hypothyroidism." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, no. 2 (May 6, 2022): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.02.197.
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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of generalized periodontitis in young people with primary hypothyroidism. Materials and methods. Comprehensive treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis was performed on 110 patients aged 25-44 years, who were divided into treatment groups: the main group – 55 patients with hypothyroidism, who were treated using the developed treatment and prevention complex; and a control group, which included 55 patients with hypothyroidism, where treatment was carried out in accordance with the "Protocols of medical care of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine" in the specialty "Therapeutic Dentistry". Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment was performed according to the criteria: "normalization", "improvement", "progression". Results and discussion. According to the results of the research, after the complex treatment of generalized periodontitis according to the developed scheme in patients of the main group, a steady improvement in the condition of periodontal tissues both in the near and long term was shown. After 1 month, "normalization" of periodontal tissue was observed in 29 patients (52.73 ± 6.79 %), "improvement" occurred in 18 patients (32.73 ± 6.38 %), "progression" – in 8 patients (14.54 ± 4.79 %). During the 12-month follow-up period, the number of patients with "normalization" increased to 36 people (65.46 ± 6.47 %), but the number of patients with "progression" of inflammatory-dystrophic phenomena in the periodontium decreased to 5 people (9.09 ± 3.91 %). In the control group, the positive clinical dynamics as a result of traditional treatment was less pronounced and was observed only after a month, although the number of patients with elimination of inflammatory phenomena in dental tissues in the near future was significantly less than in the main group and was 20 people (36.37 ± 6.55 %). After 12 months, the number of patients in the control group for whom the treatment of generalized periodontitis by traditional methods was ineffective increased to 30 people (54.50 ± 6.77 %). Conclusion. The application of the developed scheme for the prevention and treatment of generalized periodontitis, which was the result of our own clinical and laboratory studies and included local measures and general appointments, has significantly improved the condition of periodontal tissues in patients with primary hypothyroidism. The effectiveness of the applied treatment and prevention complex was confirmed by clinical observations at all follow-up periods. In the control group, where conventional methods were used, the treatment of generalized periodontitis was ineffective
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Lee, Mi-Ra, Su-Jin Han, Hee-Eun Kim, and Jun-Seon Choi. "Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and Periodontitis in Korean Adults Aged ≥60 Years: Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084181.
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There have been contradictory reports on the effects of vitamin D in the prevention of periodontitis. We analyzed the association between vitamin D status (levels of plasma 25(OH)D) and periodontitis using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013–2014 database. Among the participants in the KNHANES (2013–2014), only those aged ≥60 years who completed a health interview survey, periodontal examination, and blood test were included in the study. Thus, data from 701 participants were used in the final analysis. Periodontal status was evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and periodontitis was defined as having a CPI score of 3 or 4. Plasma 25(OH)D levels were classified according to two criteria: 20 ng/mL and quartile value. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the prevalence of periodontitis according to plasma 25(OH)D levels. Univariate analyses showed that periodontitis was not significantly associated with plasma 25(OH)D levels. In the multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, the difference in the prevalence of periodontitis between those with a normal range of 25(OH)D and those with low plasma of 25(OH)D levels was not statistically significant. Vitamin D intake has been reported to have benefits in maintaining periodontal health; however, total plasma 25(OH)D levels showed no significant association with periodontitis based on CPI scores in this study. Additionally, these findings reaffirmed the importance of toothbrushing and smoking cessation to prevent periodontitis in people aged ≥60 years.
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Oliveira, Thais Marchini, Bruna Centurion, Mariana Gigliotti, Tiago Mergulhão, Vivien Sakai, Thiago Dionísio, Flávio Faria, Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet, and Carlos Ferreira Dos Santos. "Comparative study between homeopathy and nimesulide on the prevention of bone resorption in experimental periodontitis in rats." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia de Porto Alegre 51, no. 2 (October 11, 2010): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2177-0018.18165.
Texto completoResumen
Periodontitis is a chronic disease characterized by bone loss and inflammatory changes. We studied the effect of a homeopathic agent (Mercúrios Corrosivos 6 CH) and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nimesulide) on the alveolar bone loss progression in experimentally induced periodontitis in rats. Sixty (60) Wistar rats were separated into group 1 (homeopathy), group 2 (nimesulide) and group 3 (saline solution). Silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of the lower right first molar of all rats. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by light microscopic analysis and analyzed using software Image J. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s posttest (p
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Braegger, Urs. "Cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses of periodontitis prevention." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32, s6 (October 2005): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00802.x.
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