Tesis sobre el tema "Perception visuelle du mouvement – Chez le nourrisson"
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Kitromilides-Salerio, Elenitsa. "La perception visuelle des mouvements humains chez le nouveau-né, l'enfant et l'adulte". Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE29024.
Texto completoThis doctoral work aims at analyzing the role of motor-perceptual interactions in the visual perception of human movements. Most of studies showed that recognition of human movements was influenced by motor competences, whereas others on the contrary showed dissociation between motor abilities and perception. The aim of our research was to specify the implication of the motor competences in the visual perception of this type of movement. The experiment consisted in analyzing the perceptual preferences for locomotion movements and for morphocinetic movements (elliptical, circular) and the visual perception of the illusion of uniform velocity, which is observed in elliptical movements, in populations presenting quasi-null or variable motor competences (newborn babies, young children aged from 5 to 10 years). These experiments included movements respecting or not the motor constraints imposed by our skeleton (locomotion) and movements whose kinematics conform or not to the motor rules (two-third power law). The principal results indicate that newborns are able to discriminate human movements and are sensitive to the kinematics rules of motor production. Moreover, in the task of perceptual judgment a shift appear between motor competences and perceptual competences in children. Indeed, the phenomenon of the illusion of uniform velocity is more important in the young children and tends to decrease with the age. These findings suggest that the perceptual preferences and judgments do not fully depend on motor competences of the subjects. Taken together, these findings propose that visual perception of the human movements would not systematically imply an intervention of the motor system as stipulate motor theories of perception
Spriet, Céline. "The development of visual object categorization". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10231.
Texto completoVisual object categorization is at the interface between "seeing" and "thinking". Evidences from functional MRI (fMRI) studies have described an organization of the ventral stream by visual categories, especially between animate and inanimate entities, that decomposed into finer-grained distinctions. How does this specific organization come about in humans? This thesis presents a set of 4 studies addressing this issue. First, I will hypothesize that the first categories infants represent are constrained by these dimensions organizing object representation in the visual cortex (chapter 3) and study the role of brain maturation and experience in this representation (chapter 4). Then, I will investigate how the speed of presentation influences the animate/inanimate categorization in the first year of life and in adulthood (chapter 5), and what visual features act in this categorization in adults (chapter 6). Results show that infants will first be attracted by non-categorical visual features such as the size of stimuli, before completely relying on categorical features, representing first the animate and inanimate entities. This transition is essentially limited by the brain maturation. This first big categorization gets faster and faster with age, and can be based on low-level visual features, although the more features available, the better the categorization. I suggest that the brain maturation help infants to represent more and more visual features when growing up, allowing them to represent more (finer-grained) categories. This maturation also elicit an acceleration of the representation of the big animate/inanimate categorization with age. Part of this big categorization is actually already possible based on lower-level visual features that covariate with the categories, but adults’ behavior gets influenced by categories only when enough features are presented in the image
Viallon, Sylvie. "Production et perception visuelle du mouvement humain : analyse développementale". Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE29004.
Texto completoThis dissertation concerns the visual perception of human motions, more precisely, the importance of motor processes in perceptual processes. Perception-action relationships were analysed in children from ages 7 to 11. This dissertation aimed at showing that the perception of human movement depends, at least to a certain extent, on the individual's own motor experience. The first part of experiments concerns the visual perception of pointing, tansport and grasping movements,in adult's production. The children's task was to predict the size of the target pointed or which the grasped object was displaced and the weight of object grasped or displaced. The second part of experiments concerns motor sequence, with two successive movements : grasping a glass to throw it or to displace il, pointing successively two target, the second target was small or large, writing a cursive two digrams. The movement presented on a computer screen, presented the first component of a sequential gesture. The task of children was to predict the forthcoming gesture by using the kinematic information provided by the first movement component. At the end of the experiment, subjects were asked to produce movements perceived. Results show that perceptual performance of children depends on the observer's motor competence. This research supports the idea of a strong link between perceptual and motor processing : level of motor control development has an effect on the perception of human motions
Millêtre, Béatrice. "Habituation visuelle et traitement de l'information chez le nourrisson de 3 et 5 mois". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H063.
Texto completoVisual habituation is often considered as linked to information processing, but very few studies have emphasized the relations. Our work has tried to define the relations between visual habituation and information processing. At the end of our experiments, it clearly appears that informaiton processing is achieved before habituation is reached. Habituation can then be considered as involving two successive operations, the first during which information is encoded and a representation made, the second one during which the perceptive imput is compared with the preceeding mnemonic trace, and information recognized as the same. Habituation shows the sam two operations at 3 and 5 months
Gepner, Bruno. "Reconnaissance du visage et perception visuelle du mouvement chez l'enfant autiste". Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX20664.
Texto completoBassot, Fabienne. "Les composantes sensori-motrices de l'activité visuelle chez le bébé prématuré". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H031.
Texto completoIt is suggested that the association of visual and cephalic systems may predict the eye-head coordination. No research has explored preterm's visuo-cephalic activity. The focus of this study was preterm's visuo-cephalic activity in two tasks : a pursuit and a peripheral detection task. 51 preterms infants, born at 32 weeks, were observed at 37 weeks in a semi vertical position. Four groups of preterms were observed either in one or both conditions : "head fixed" and "head free". Results show that preterm can follow a target moving horizontally at eye level and at a 30 cm distance. The pursuit covers 20 to 25 of the target's total course. Evenmore peripheral detection is observed when the target appears within a 30 angle. Eye displacements were predominantly saccadic in both tasks. Comparison of visual activity between conditions show that preterms perform better in "head fixed" than in "head free" condition. In the latter, two forms of pursuit are observed : a response of ocular pursuit and a response of ocular pursuit accompagnied by a cephalic movement oriented in the same direction. This "ocular-cephalic" pattern of response is characterized by an ocular localization followed by an accelerated cephalic movement
Streri, Arlette. "Voir, atteindre, toucher : les relations entre la vision et le toucher chez le bébé". Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H036.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to study the origins of the relations between perceptual systems such as touch and vision, and the development of their relations during the first year of life. The problem of the unity of senses at birth is old. This question has been answered to in two different ways : prehension of visual object and intermodal transfer or multimodal exploration. Prehension is a relation between the visual sense and the tactual motor system whereas intermodal transfer and multimodal exploration is a relation between senses. The two fields were studied separately until now and it became necessary to bring them together in order to have a complete view of the different relations between perceptual systems which organize our behaviour from birth. A complete analysis of the litterature in the two fields and our own experiments on intermodal transfer may suggest an early unity of the systems at birth. However, this unity is fragile in prehension and a reorganization of behaviour is observed which may be attributed to the development of the tactual motor system. The unity is established between sensory modes but the relations between vision and touch are not reversible at each age. This lack of reversibility may be attributed to the different speeds of the development of the two systems. We ask the question of the stages of cognition that the infants construct in the first year from perceptual and motor organization
Carchon, Isabelle. "Des relations à la coordination entre l'eil et la tête chez le nourrisson". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H057.
Texto completoSerres-Ruel, Josette. "Developpement des capacites attentionnelles du nourrisson entre 2 et 8 mois : role de la dynamique de l'interaction mere-bebe dans les differences individuelles". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054022.
Texto completoOuarti, Nizar. "Perception du mouvement propre chez l'homme : application à l'automobile". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066715.
Texto completoGentaz, Édouard. "La perception haptique (tactilo-kinesthésique) des orientations chez l'enfant et l'adulte : rôle des spécificités du système haptique dans la manifestation de l'effet de l'oblique". Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE29036.
Texto completoOur study evalutes haptic perception of orientation using the oblique effect (worse performance for oblique orientations than for vertical-horizontal ones). In the visual system, the oblique effect isalways present whereas in the haptic system, it varies according to different factors. This research examines these factors by asking blindfolded subjects to explore a rod and reproduce its orientation. Results reveal that exploration manifests itself by two kinds of cues : "exploratory work" and "gravitational cues". In exploratory work (linked to manual movement) the four orientations (o, 45 90 , 135) are similar when the rods are longer for the obliques. In this case, the haptic oblique effect (hoe) is absent. When the magnitude of gravitational cues (linked to gravity constraints) is lowered. These results, observed with an ipsilateral response, are influenced by response conditions : when it is contralateral or ipsilateral but symmetrical, the hoe is present. These results, observed in blindfolded sighted adults, are influenced by the visual status of the subjects. In early and late blind adults it is only the variability of gravitational cues which determine the hoe : when it is small the hoe is absent, and when it is large the effect is present. By contrast, age has no qualitative effect since blindfolded sighted children (aged 6 and 10 years) show results qualitatively similar to blindfolded adults. Taken together, these results show that : 1) in some conditions, the oblique effect is purely haptic ;2) specificities of the haptic system (gravitational cues, ect) influence the manifestation of the hoe. These results suggest that the processes that do not generate the hoe are specific to the haptic system and are located at a low processing level whereas the processes that generate the effect may also be specific to the haptic system and be located at a high processing level
Revol, Patrice. "Cadres de référence et mouvements d'orientation spatiale : approche psychophysique chez des sujets sains et des patients avec lésions pariétales". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T033.
Texto completoBoutkhil, Latifa. "Coopération entre les aires corticales pour l'acquisition des capacités de reconnaissance visuelle invariante : modélisation fonctionnelle". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0121.
Texto completoWe can recognize objects despite changes of point of view, eye’s position, size, orientation, relative position or non rigid transformations of the object itself (for instance of a newspaper or a gymnast). How this cognitive ability can be learned? That’s the question we try to answer in that work, which slots in the Cognitive Science framework, coupling neuroscience, experimental psychology, and connectionist modelling in order to take into account the richness of the biological neural substrate and of the multiplicity of the infant’s learning. We try to describe a progressive use of different kinds of sensorial and motor information, from the maturation logic of the nervous system, in the same connectionist neural network, which’s combinatory resembles in the most closer way possible to the actual visual cortex system. Within the framework of this connectionist neural network, we focus on the problem of the acquisition of perceptive visual invariants, that we modularise in a series of different learning stages from the developmental data, and we are interested in the causal sequence generated by this network, linking for instance the development of ocular exploration and the development of infant’s perceptual abilities. The first chapter reminds the conceptual foundations of connectionism, pointing particularly on the relative invariance capacities and the limits of different “classical” neural networks models. In the first part of the second chapter, we propose a review of the data from neurobiology, experimental psychology relative to the architecture of the cortical visual system, analysed from the point of view of the objects coding for an invariant recognition. A foreword to this part will present a synthesis on the principal invariant recognition theories. The second part gives a review of the connectionist solutions to the invariant visual recognition problem, naming a classification of different kinds of neural networks models, biologically plausible or not, arranged in four big classes to get perceptive invariance: I) invariance through the input coding (local or global transformation), II) invariance thanks to changes of the neural network structure or correlation methods: III) invariance to perspective by interpolation between a collection of 2D views: a)memorization of prototypes by RBF connectionists networks and b) use of the information of the spatiotemporal continuity. With the concepts of the first, the third chapter focus on the neural processing, realized by the visual cortex, considered as an architecture of a network of “cortical column” networks. Within this connectionist paradigm, a functional benchmarking of the invariance capacities of such a model of the cortical visual system is proposed from two simulations on a network of transputers applied a task of characters recognition. The relative translation and scale invariance capacities obtained, result principally from the cooperation between two networks (the first one models the temporal way of the visual cerebral cortex, dedicated more particularly to the identification task, the second one models the parietal, dedicated to the perception of space and ocular exploration). In order to reach the goal of this thesis, which consists in finding the correspondences between the development stages of the infant’s visual system and the setting of functional relations that could allow perceptive invariance, the last chapter proposes a functional modelling, that posits at the different levels of the architecture of the visual system in maturation, the neural networks models detailed previously in the second part of the second chapter to solve the problem of invariant recognition. This functional modelling make reference to the mechanisms simulated in the second part of the third chapter
Bidet-Ildei, Christel. "Motricité et perception visuelle des mouvements humains : expériences chez l'adulte, l'enfant et le patient parkinsonien". Grenoble 2, 2006. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01773523.
Texto completoThis dissertation aims at analysing the role of motor-perceptual interactions in the visual perception of human movements. Most of studies showed that recognition of human movements was influenced by motor competences and then validated the motor theories of perception. The aim of our research was to demonstrate that visual perception of human movement does not necessarily depend on motor abilities and does not imply motor-perceptual interactions. The experiments consisted in analysing 1) the visual preferences for human movements which does not conform to the motor rules (unnatural movements) and 2) the influence of the level of motor competences on visual performances, in children and in patients presenting motor impairments (Parkinson’s disease). Researches only focused on space-time relations which were observed in the morphocinetic (isochrony principle) and topocinetic (Fitts' law) movements. The results indicate that the violation of the kinematics does not influence the visual judgement of elliptic or reaching movements. However, a significant disturbance of velocity profile modifies the visual preference in handwriting. In addition, we observed that the visual performances of children and those of patients with a Parkinson's disease are not totally dependent of motor competence. Taken together, the findings suggest that the motor system is not systematically involved in the visual perception of human movements. Particularly, the type of the movement (handwriting vs reaching movement) or the properties of the handled object (glass vs cylinder) has an influence on the implication of the motor system in visual judgements of human motions
Blom, Vidal Abreu Anna Maria. "Particularités de la perception visuelle du mouvement chez les enfants atteints du syndrôme de Williams et de troubles autistiques". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066237.
Texto completoTurati, Chiara. "Il riconoscimento del volto nei primi mesi di vita : l'emergere di un sistema cognitivo specializzato". Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H068.
Texto completoFleuriet, Jérome. "Capture fovéale d'une cible visuelle en mouvement : Approche neurophysiologique chez le singe". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20717.
Texto completoIntercepting a visual moving target is a spatiotemporal challenge for the brain achieved by various species. Here, we investigated the foveal capture of a moving target by saccadic gaze shifts in the awake monkey. The current theory proposes that the saccadic interception involves two neural pathways. A first pathway would convey to the saccade burst generator a sampled target position signal through the superior colliculus (SC). The second one, through the cerebellum, would convey an additional command on the basis of motion-related signals. A behavioral experiment was performed to analyze the influence of motion-related signals on the saccade dynamics and allowed showing a continuous influence. In a second study, we tested the robustness of the oculomotor system to an unexpected spatiotemporal perturbation (by electrical microstimulation in the deep SC) and showed the presence of accurate correction saccades. Our results argue for a continuous representation of the saccade goal
Lainé, France. "Désordres d'intégration visuelle et auditive des informations sociales chez les personnes autistes : ralentir les stimuli environnementaux pour améliorer la communication". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10107.
Texto completoCoulon, Marion. "Impact du langage sur la perception visuelle des visages par le nourrisson : D’une analyse globale aux aspects moteurs de la parole". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H113.
Texto completoFetuses perceive speech sounds in utero in a relatively intelligible manner. Infants are therefore born with sophisticated speech abilities. However, newborns see faces talking to them. What brings the visual modality in speech perception at birth? Moreover, much adult research evidenced the strong involvement of the motor system in speech perception. Language would thus be not uniquely audio-visual, but rather audio-visuo-motor. What is the origin of the links between perception and visuo-motor aspects of speech? In a first series of studies, we tried to determine the impact of talking faces in newborns and the conditions that allow their recognition. In a second series of studies, we specifically studied the audio-visuo-motor link in speech perception and this, in two experimental conditions, either by using facial imitation in newborns, either with intermodal auditivo-visual situations in 3-, 6- and 9-month-old infants. In this way, we wanted to know if the infants’ vocal experience could have an influence on the representations of heard vowels. The results revealed that the link between perceptive and motor aspects in speech perception are present already at birth, but that the phonological representations of memorized vowels are still fragile and become more robust as soon as the infant produce the vowel
Chartrel-Mattesco, Estelle. "Reconnaissance et écriture de lettres cursives : une approche développementale". Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOL007.
Texto completoThis research deals with the acquisition of cursive letter handwriting by children, handwriting being regarded as an graphomotor act, that is, a movement that leaves traces. In a first chapter, we were interested in the development visual and proprioceptive recognition skills of pre-literate children. The four studies presented indicate an improvement of skills with age and make it possible to determine the factors which influence the visual or proprioceptive identification of the letters. The next chapter focuses on the role of different training on the quality of letter handwriting movement in 5-year-old children, in an attempt to determine the weight of visual and motor components in handwriting learning. The study presented in the third chapter has three objectives: observing the development of handwriting movement characteristics between 5 and 7 years of age, assessing the impact of spatio-temporal constraints on those movements and obtaining data on the motor complexity of letters. Finally, the last chapter deals with the role of visual information on letter production by children and adults. The results of the seven reported studies provide data about the development of visual and proprioceptive recognition, of handwriting movements characteristics and about the complexity of letters. They also enable us to suggest teaching methods
Grèzes, Julie. "Neuroanatomie fonctionnelle des liens entre la perception et l'action chez l'homme". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T161.
Texto completoAcerra, Francesca (1970. "Modélisation d'un aspect du développement cognitif : la reconnaissance des visages dans la première année de vie". Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11071.
Texto completoPoplu, Gérald. "Nature des représentations impliquées lors de la reconnaissance visuelle de situations de jeu en sports collectifs : Application de la technique d'amorçage par répétition chez les joueurs de football experts". Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22093.
Texto completoKhan, Aarlenne. "Les représentations spatiales pour le mouvement visuellement dirigé chez des sujets sains et des patients neurologiques". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10078.
Texto completoFrichtel, Myriam. "L'utilisation des indices de perspective et de gradients de texture à partir d'un support bidimensionnel chez les bébés de 4-5 mois". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H043.
Texto completoWe are wondering whether infants may perceive the depth representation and more particularly the perspective at a two dimensional display. The passage from a three dimensional perception to a two dimensional representation witch may be a difficulty for infants. Six experiments are carried out. During these experiments, perspective situations are animated and shown to 4 and 5-month-old infants on a screen in a dynamic way. Their capacities of using perspective cues alone or combined with texture gradient cues are tested. Visual data are recorded: the looking time data and the gaze directions during the animation in using an eye-tracking-system. The habituation/reaction-to-strange-event paradigm is also used. Results indicate that 4 and 5-month-old infants can already perceive the representation of the perspective situation on a 2D display and yet the increasing number of visual cues can make their perception easier. Results and various methods are discussed in connection with theories
Calvin, Sarah (1969. "Transformations perceptivo-motrices chez l'homme : étude des corrélats moteurs des sensations kinesthésiques à point de départ proprioceptif". Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11058.
Texto completoMouzat, Arnaud. "Etude statistique de l'équilibre orthostatique chez l'homme". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20042.
Texto completoErjavec, Grozdana. "Apport des mouvements buccaux, des mouvements extra-buccaux et du contexte facial à la perception de la parole chez l'enfant et chez l'adulte". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080118/document.
Texto completoThe present thesis work fits into the domain/is incorporated within the framework of research on audio-visual (AV) speech perception. Its objective is to answer the following questions: (i) What is the nature of visual input processing (holistic vs analytic) in AV speech perception? (ii) What is the implication of extra-oral facial movement in AV speech perception? (iii) What are the oculomotor patterns in AV speech perception? (iv) What are the developmental changes in the above-mentioned aspects (i), (ii) and (iii)? The classic noise degradation paradigm was applied in two experiments conducted in the framework of the present thesis. Each experiment were conducted on participants of 4 age groups, adults, adolescents, pre-adolescents and children. Each group consisted of 16 participants. Participants’ task was to repeat consonant-vowel (/a/) syllables. The syllables were both mildly and strongly degraded by pink noise and were presented in four audio(-visual) conditions, one purely auditory (AO) and three audio-visual conditions. The AV conditions were the following: (i) AV face (AVF), (ii) AV « mouth extraction » (AVM-E ; mouth format without visual contrasts), (iii) AV « mouth window » (AVM-W ; mouth format with high visual contrasts) in experiment 1, and (i) AVF, (ii) AVF « mouth active (and facial frame static) » (AVF-MA), (iii) AVF « extra-oral regions active (and mouth absent) » (AVF-EOA) in experiment 2. The data relative to (i) the total number of correct repetitions (total performance), (ii) the difference in the correct repetitions score between each AV and the AO condition (AV gain), and (iii) the total fixations duration in the oral area and other facial areas (for the AV formats) were analyzed. The main results showed that the mechanisms involved in AV speech perception reach their maturity before late childhood. The vision of the talker’s full face does not seem to be advantageous in this context. It seems that the vision of the talker’s full face might perturb AV speech processing in adults, possibly because it triggers processing of other types of information (identity, facial expressions) which could in terms interfere with the processing of acoustic aspects of speech. The contribution of the extra-oral articulatory movement to AV speech perception was poor and limited to the condition of highly degraded auditory information. For ecologically presented facial information, the oculomotor patterns in AV speech perception varied as a function of the level of auditory information degradation, but appeared rather stable across the 4 groups. Finally, the modalities of the featural (mouth) facial information presentation affected the oculomotor behavior patterns in adults, pre-adolescents and children, thus suggesting a certain sensitivity of visuo-attentional processing to low-level visual stimuli characteristics in AV speech perception. The variations in visuo-attentional processing seemed to be associated to a certain extent with variations in AV speech perception
Brosseau-Lachaine, Odile. "Évaluation de la perception visuelle chez le nourrisson et suite à un traumatisme craniocérébral léger chez l'enfant". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6351.
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